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NUSAJAYA, 2013

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Marking on the image

Measurement

Strike & dip: N45E, 50SE

Dip & dip direction: 50/135

Geometrical parameters of an inclined weak plane

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Dip angle
55
55
65
60
60
65
60
60
60
45
65
60
65
70
55
65
75
85
90
85
88
80
90

Dip direction 0N
030
025
035
025
030
030
000
350
355
005
000
350
285
280
280
285
285
235
225
240
230
240
230

Joint set
J1
J1
J1
J1
J1
J1
J2
J2
J2
J2
J2
J2
J3
J3
J3
J3
J3
J4
J4
J4
J4
J4
J4

Orientation data (dip & dip direction) of joint sets

Effects of joint orientation

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A technique for presenting geological data in a

graphical form. Essential for assessing potential

instability of excavated rock faces due to prevailing
discontinuities (joints, beddings & faults).

Assessment is in terms of geometry & friction angle of
discontinuity plane only. Other factors like rock
strength & weathering are not considered.

Effective assessment tool in preliminary design stage of
a proposed cut rock slope & road alignment.

More complex analysis using software e.g. DIPS.

Equatorial equal-area stereonet

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Stereonet

J1=Dip/dip direction: 50/ 060

J2=Dip/dip direction: 50/ 180

Slope face =Dip/dip direction: 70/ 130

STEP 1
60

1. Overlay the tracing paper with N,S,E and W.

2. Marking dip direction = 60. Clockwise from
North

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STEP 2

1. Rotate mark dip direction to E/W

STEP 3

50

1. Count inward dip = 50

2. Trace great circle

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STEP 4

1. Rotate he overlay back to its original position;

N,S,E, and W
2. Repeat for J2 and slope face

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Sliding along line of intersect of plane A and B is possible where i < f

WEDGE FAILURE

10

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= dip angle
= dip direction

Planar sliding
A < f
A - f < 20
Toppling
(90 - f ) + c < c

PLANE FAILURE

11

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TOPPLING FAILURE

DIPS

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Typical data obtained from joint survey. Plotting of

discontinuities data (dip & dip direction) on stereonet
provides information on modes of instability & direction
sliding of unstable rock block
Dip angle
55
55
65
60
60
65
60
60
60
45
65
60
65
70
55
65
75
85
90
85
88
80
90

Dip direction 0N
030
025
035
025
030
030
000
350
355
005
000
350
285
280
280
285
285
235
225
240
230
240
230

Joint set
J1
J1
J1
J1
J1
J1
J2
J2
J2
J2
J2
J2
J3
J3
J3
J3
J3
J4
J4
J4
J4
J4
J4

Poles concentration

Great circle

30

30

Area of
toppling
failure

Area of planar
sliding failure

13

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Case study: Kapikaya, Turkey

Zulfu, G., A. Selcuk, and M.Z. Musharraf, Rock slope stability and excavatability assessment of rocks
at the Kapikaya dam site, Turkey. Engineering Geology, 2008. 96: p. 17-27.

Engineering geological properties

The RQD values of the diabases

of the rocks exposed in the study

area were determined on the
basis of field observations/
measurements and laboratory
tests.

The description of rock material
and mass characteristics were
based on the ISRM methods

A total of 67 core samples and 18
oriented block sample swere
collected from the field for
laboratory testing

were determined using borehole

cores.

the rocks have the following
distribution:17% excellent, 40%
good, 30% fair, 10% poor, and 3%
very poor

Due to the joint spacing values
increase at deeper levels, the RQD
values of diabases increase at the
deeper levels.

These joints are not filled by filling
material such as clay, calcite at the
deeper levels contrary to the upper
levels.

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Joint set 1: 68/75

Joint set 2: 78/185
Joint set 3: 85/143

15

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16