MC LC

1.

2.

C S TNH TON ................................................................................................................................................. 2

1.1

ASME 2013, VIII Division 1&2 ......................................................................................................................... 2

1.2

Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN ........................................................................................................................... 4

TRNH T THIT K ............................................................................................................................................. 5

2.1

Chn vt liu....................................................................................................................................................... 5

2.2

Chn h s bn mi hn: E .............................................................................................................................. 18

2.3

Tnh ton ng sut cho php ti a: S ............................................................................................................. 19

3.

V D ....................................................................................................................................................................... 26

4.

PH LC ................................................................................................................................................................. 28

5.

TI LIU THAM KHO ....................................................................................................................................... 30

PHM VI S DNG:
Tnh ton Thn thit b hnh tr chu p sut trong
S dng vt liu Thp Cc-bon v thp hp kim ( loi SA trong tiu chun ASME)
Phng php gia cng thit b: Hn
Khng xt b dy b sung do n mn

1. C S TNH TON
1.1 ASME 2013, VIII Division 1&2
1.1.1 Nguyn tc thit k
B dy yu cu ti thiu ca v thit b chu p sut trong khng c b hn b dy tnh ton
theo cc cng thc c gii thiu sau:
1.1.2 Phn loi thit b chu p sut trong
- Thit b chu p sut trong c chia lm 2 loi:
+ Thit b chu p trong thng thng
+ Thit b chu p trong cao
- Khng c ranh gii r rng v vic phn loi thit b chu p sut trong nh vy, tuy nhin c th da
vo cc iu kin rang buc sau y:
+ Thit b chu p trong thng thng:
p sut ni: 3000
hoc 0.385
B dy thit b: 0.5
+ Thit b chu p trong cao
p sut ni: 3000
hoc 1.25
B dy thit b: 0.5
( trong : S - ng sut cho php ti a, E H s bn mi hn, Ri - Bn knh trong ca thit b)
1.1.3
Tnh ton b dy thit b chu p trong thng thng
1.1.3.1 Tnh ton b dy theo ng sut tip
- S dng cng thc sau tnh ton khi thit b c ng hn nm dc theo trc v sinh ra ng sut
tip:

=
=
0.6
+ 0.4
- iu kin: 0.5 hoc 0.385
Trong :
t: b dy thn thit b, in
P: p sut ni, psi
Ri , Ro : Bn knh trong v bn knh ngoi ca thit b, in
S: ng sut cho php ti a, psi
E: H s bn mi hn
- Ta c th rt P t cng thc trn kim tra p sut cho php lm vic ca thit b


=
=
+ 0.6
0.4
1.1.3.2 Tnh ton b dy theo ng sut dc trc
- S dng cng thc sau tnh ton khi thit b c ng hn nm theo n chu vi v sinh ra ng sut
dc trc

=
=
2 + 0.4
2 + 1.4
- iu kin: 0.5 hoc 1.25
- Ta c th rt P t cng thc trn kim tra p sut cho php lm vic ca thit b
2
2
=
=
0.4
1.4
Trong :
t: b dy thn thit b, in
P: p sut ni, psi
Ri , Ro : Bn knh trong v bn knh ngoi ca thit b, in
S: ng sut cho php ti a, psi
E: H s bn mi hn
Lu :
- Nu thn thit b c c 2 loi ng hn nh trn, th phi tnh b dy theo c 2 cng thc v chn
b dy thit b sao cho tha mn 2 cng thc

1.1.4 Tnh ton b dy thit b chu p trong cao

1.1.4.1 Tnh ton b dy theo ng sut tip
S dng cng thc sau tnh ton khi thit b c ng hn nm dc theo trc v sinh ra ng sut
tip:
1 =

=
1
iu kin: 0.5 hoc 0.385
Trong :
t: b dy thn thit b, in
P: p sut ni, psi
Ri , Ro : Bn knh trong v bn knh ngoi ca thit b, in
S: ng sut cho php ti a, psi
E: H s bn mi hn
Ta c th rt P t cng thc trn kim tra p sut cho php lm vic ca thit b
+
= ln
= ln

1.1.4.2 Tnh ton b dy theo ng sut dc trc

S dng cng thc sau tnh ton khi thit b c ng hn nm theo n chu vi v sinh ra ng sut
dc trc
=

+1

1 =

+1

+1

iu kin: 0.5 hoc 1.25

Ta c th rt P t cng thc trn kim tra p sut cho php lm vic ca thit b
+
=
1 =
1

Trong :
t: b dy thn thit b, in
P: p sut ni, psi
Ri , Ro : Bn knh trong v bn knh ngoi ca thit b, in
S: ng sut cho php ti a, psi
E: H s bn mi hn
1.1.5 Thit b c vng mng cc b
Vng mng cc b l vng c b dy nh hn b dy thit k trong qu trnh vn hnh thit b chu va
p c hc sinh ra
Khi thit b xut hin vng mng th vn t ra l thit b c cn an ton iu kin vn hnh hay
khng
ASME a ra cc iu kin rang buc m nu tha mn cc iu kin ny th thit b vn vn hnh an
ton

Rng buc i vi vng mng cc b:

0.9

2
3

16
Trong :
L: B rng vng mng theo hng dc trc
C: B rng vng mng theo hn chu vi
R: bn knh trong ca thit b
t: b dy tnh ton
tL: b dy vng mng
1.2 Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN
( H L Vin Tnh ton, thit k cc chi tit thit b ha cht v du kh)
1.2.1 Yu cu
- i tng: cc thit b ha cht v du kh lm vic p sut d n 10 N/mm2 hoc p sut kh
quyn v chn khng.
- Quan h gia ng knh trong ca thn hnh tr vi b dy ti thiu ca thn:
<400
400-1000
1000-2000
2000-4000
Dt

Smin
1.2.2 Trnh t tnh ton
[ ]
Tnh biu thc:

Tnh ton b dy theo 1 trong 4 trng hp sau:

[ ]
+ i vi vt liu bt k: 5.5
25

=
=
2[ ]

2[ ]
[ ]
+ i vi vt liu bt k:
25

=
=
2[ ]
2[ ]
[ ]
+ i vi vt liu kim loi gin v phi kim loi:
5.5
=

[ ]
[ ]

1 =

[ ]
[ ]

[ ]

+ i vi vt liu l kim loi do:

5.5
1
1
=
+
( 1) =

2
2
Vi l h s thnh dy ca thn c cho trong bng sau:
[ ]

Trong :

1,5

2,5

3,5

2,8 2 1,68 1,5 1,4 1,35 1,3 1,22

Dn , Dt l ng knh ngoi v ng knh trong ca thn, mm

l ng sut cho php khi ko , N/mm2 ;
P l p sut tnh ton trong thit b, N/mm2 ;
h l h s bn ca mi hn chn theo bng 1.7
4

B dy thc ca thn tr: = +

H s b sung: =
+ + +
Trong :
Ca l h s b sung do n mn ha hc ca mi trng, mm
Cb l h s b sung do bo mn c hc ca mi trng, mm
Cc l h s b sung do sai lch khi ch to, lp rp, mm
Co l h s b sung quy trn kch thc, mm
Cc cng thc trn ch ng khi tha mn iu kin sau y:

0.1
Khi ta c th kim tra p sut tnh ton cho php bn trong thit b:
2[ ]
(
[ ]=
+( )
Nu iu kin trn khng tha mn th xc nh p sut tnh ton cho php theo 1 trong 2 cng thc
sau:
+ i vi kim loi do
[ ] = 2.3 [ ]

lg(

+2

+ i vi kim loi gin v vt liu phi kim loi

[ ]
[ ]=

[ 0.5 + 1 1]

0.5 + 1 + 1

2. TRNH T THIT K
2.1 Chn vt liu
2.1.1 Thnh phn ha hc ca 1 s loi vt liu:

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2.2.2 Chn vt liu theo nhit

C th chn vt liu da trn nhit vn hnh ca thit b theo bng sau

2.2 Chn h s bn mi hn: E

- H s bn mi hn ph thuc vo kiu hn v cch thc kim tra mi hn
- H s bn mi hn cng ln tng ng vi cht lng ca mi hn v phng thc kim tra cng cao,
dn n b dy ti thiu tnh ton c s nh hn so vi mi hn cht lng thp v phng php
kim tra n gin
- C th la chn h s bn mi hn theo bng sau: ( gi tr chn khng c cao hn gi tr c n
nh)

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2.3 Tnh ton ng sut cho php ti a: S

ng sut cho php ti a l gi tr gii hn khong cho php an ton vn hnh thit b, nm trong
khong gii hn n hi
C th tnh ton ng sut cho php ti a theo tiu chun ASME 2013 nh sau
+ ASME 2013, division 1:
=

; )
3.5 1.5

; )
2.4 1.5

+ ASME 2013, division 2:

Trong :

UTS: Gii hn ko ti a
YS: Gii hn n hi

Theo tnh ton nh trn th Division 2 cho php 1 gii hn ng sut ln hn so vi Division 1. Tng
ng vi b dy tnh ton c theo Division 2 s nh hn v tit kim c vt liu so vi Division 2.
Ngc li Division 1 li c an ton cao hn Division 2.
UTS v YS ca 1 s loi vt liu c cho trong bng sau:

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3. V D
Tnh ton b dy thit b hnh tr c ng knh trong Di = 30in, chu p sut trong P = 2500psi v vn
hnh nhit thng
- Da vo bng la chn vt liu theo nhit ta chn loi vt liu: SA-515-70 ( Xem Ph lc)
- C cc tnh cht sau y:

Chn h s mi hn E = 0.85 tng ng vi trng hp hn 2 pha v phng php kim tra mi hn

l kim tra im bng tia X

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Tnh ton ng sut cho php ti a:

Tra bng ta c:
= 90 v
= 38
T tnh ng sut cho php ti a theo Divison 1
3.5
1.5

= 25.714
= 25.333

Chn ng sut cho php ti a:

=
-

;
= 25
3.5 1.5

Th iu kin phn loi thit b chu p sut

= 2500
0.385 = 82000
Ta s dng cng thc tnh ton cho thit b chu p trong thng
Chn phng thc hn dc theo thn thit b tnh ton b dy thit b theo ng sut tip:

=
= 1.899
0.6
Tnh b dy theo TCVN
[ ]
+ 5.5
= 8.5 25
+

[ ]

= 1.875

+ kim tra li iu kin:

= 0.063 0.1

Ta nhn thy gia 2 kt qu tnh ton l khng khc nhau nhiu.

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4. PH LC

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5. TI LIU THAM KHO

- H L Vin Tnh ton, thit k cc chi tit thit b ha cht v du kh
- ASME 2013,VIII Rules for construction of pressure vessels
- Dennis R.Moss & Michel Basic - Pressure Vessel Design Manual
- D. Gandy Carbon Steel Handbook

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