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Chapter 1 Stu - Particle Technology
Chapter 1 Stu - Particle Technology
Chapter 1 Stu - Particle Technology
Characterization
of
Solid Particles
PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY
Techniques for processing & handling particulate solids
Characterisation of solid particles
1. Particle shape -sphericity S
2. Particle size - diameter Dp
3. Particle density-
Sphericity S
6vp
=
DpSp
SPHERICITY
PARTICLE SIZE
equidimensional particles - diameter
not equidimensional - second longest major dimension eg. Needle-like
particle, Dp = thickness not the length
PARTICLE-SIZE-DISTRIBUTION DATA
Screen Opening,
Dpi
(mm)
Mass
Retained on
Screen,
(g)
14
1.400
0.000
16
1.180
9.12
18
1.000
32.12
20
0.850
39.82
30
0.600
235.42
40
0.425
89.14
50
0.300
54.42
70
0.212
22.02
100
0.150
7.22
140
0.106
1.22
Pan
0.50
Total
491.00
SCREEN ANALYSIS
arithmetic-average aperture for each mass fraction that passes thru one
screen but not the next screen
Mesh
Screen Opening,
Dpi
(mm)
Mass
Retained on
Screen,
(g)
% Mass
Retained,
14
1.400
0.000
0.00
16
1.180
9.12
1.86
18
1.000
32.12
6.54
20
0.850
39.82
8.11
30
0.600
235.42
47.95
40
0.425
89.14
18.15
50
0.300
54.42
11.08
70
0.212
22.02
4.48
100
0.150
7.22
1.47
140
0.106
1.22
0.25
Pan
0.50
0.11
491.00
100
Total
Mesh Range
Ave.
Particle
Size, D
pi
(mm)
16
Mass
Fraction
Retained,
xi
1.290
0.0186
1.090
0.0654
20
0.925
0.0811
30
0.725
0.4795
40
0.513
0.1815
50
0.363
0.1108
70
0.256
0.0448
100
0.181
0.0147
140
0.128
0.0025
pan
0.053
0.0011
18
Eg. mass fraction of 0.0186 passes thru a screen of 1.4mm aperture but being
retained at 1.180mm aperture, ave. of these two apertures =(1.4 + 1.18)/2 = 1.29mm
Mesh Range
Ave.
Particle
Size, D
pi
(mm)
16
Mass
Fraction
Retained,
xi
1.290
0.0186
1.090
0.0654
20
0.925
0.0811
30
0.725
0.4795
40
0.513
0.1815
50
0.363
0.1108
70
0.256
0.0448
100
0.181
0.0147
140
0.128
0.0025
pan
0.053
0.0011
18
Mesh
Cumulative-weight-percent oversize (greater than Dpi) or cumulativeweight-percent undersize (smaller than Dpi)
Screen Opening,
Dpi
(mm)
Mass
Retained on
Screen,
(g)
% Mass
Retained
14
1.400
0.000
0.00
16
1.180
9.12
1.86
18
1.000
32.12
6.54
20
0.850
39.82
8.11
30
0.600
235.42
47.95
40
0.425
89.14
18.15
50
0.300
54.42
11.08
70
0.212
22.02
4.48
100
0.150
7.22
1.47
140
0.106
1.22
0.25
Pan
0.50
0.11
491.00
100
Total
Mesh
Screen Opening,
Dpi
(mm)
Cumulative
wt%
undersize
Cumulative
wt%
oversize
14
1.400
100
0.00
16
1.180
98.14
1.86
18
1.000
91.60
8.40
20
0.850
83.49
16.51
30
0.600
35.54
64.46
40
0.425
17.39
82.61
50
0.300
6.31
93.69
70
0.212
1.83
98.17
100
0.150
0.36
99.64
140
0.106
0.11
99.89
bec. 0.11 wt% particle retained on the pan, cumulative wt% undersize
0 & cumulative wt% oversize 100
Screen Opening,
Dpi
(mm)
Cumulative
wt%
undersize
Cumulative
wt%
oversize
14
1.400
100
0.00
16
1.180
98.14
1.86
18
1.000
91.60
8.40
20
0.850
83.49
16.51
30
0.600
35.54
64.46
40
0.425
17.39
82.61
50
0.300
6.31
93.69
70
0.212
1.83
98.17
100
0.150
0.36
99.64
140
0.106
0.11
99.89
two curves (mirror images of each other) cross at a median size where
50wt. % is larger in size & 50wt.% is smaller
Example 1
Mesh
Screen Opening,
Dpi
(mm)
Mass
Fraction
Retained,
xi
4.699
0.000
3.327
0.0251
2.362
0.1250
10
1.651
0.3207
14
1.168
0.2570
20
0.833
0.1590
28
0.589
0.0538
35
0.417
0.0210
48
0.295
0.0102
65
0.208
0.0077
100
0.147
0.0058
150
0.104
0.0041
200
0.074
0.0031
Pan
0.0075
Screen Opening,
Dpi
(mm)
Mass
Fraction
Retained,
xi
4.699
0.000
3.327
2.362
0.0251
0.1250
10
1.651
0.3207
14
1.168
0.2570
20
0.833
0.1590
28
0.589
0.0538
35
0.417
0.0210
48
0.295
0.0102
65
0.208
0.0077
100
0.147
0.0058
150
0.104
0.0041
200
0.074
0.0031
Pan
0.0075
Ave Particle
Diameter,
(mm)
Cumulative
fraction
smaller
than D pi
1.000
Dpi
m
=
p p
6m
=
Sp p
size ):
1
6
Ds
s Aw p
&
N (
(
(
i = 1(
'
x
D
N i D pi
D S = i =N 1 2
N i D pi
or
)
+
i +
+
pi +*
i=1
DN =
&
Ni Dpi ((
N #
%
%
i = 1$
'
Ni
i =1
&
Ni Dpi ((
N #
%
%
i = 1$
'
NT
#
%
N %
%
%
i = 1%
%
$
#
%
N %
%
%
i = 1%
%
$
x
D
x
D
where
NT = number of particles in the entire sample
&
(
(
i (
(
2 (
(
pi '
&
(
(
i (
(
3 (
(
pi '
N
DW = xi D pi
i=1
DV =
&
&
&
&
&
& N
&
&i =1
&
%
1
x
D
'1/ 3
)
)
)
)
)
i )
3 )
)
pi )(
N xi
6
Aw =
+
+...+
=
s p Dp1 s p Dp2
s p Dpn s p i=1 D
pi
6x1
6x2
6xn
where
v p = aDp3
where
a = volume shape factor (a
D
pi
p
v
Example 1 (continue.)
The density of the particles is 2650 kg/m3 (0.00265 g/mm3) and the shape factors
are a = 0.8 and S = 0.571. For the material between 4-mesh and 200-mesh in
particle size, calculate
Mesh
Screen Opening,
Mass
Ave Particle Cumulative
Dpi
(mm)
Fraction
Retained,
xi
4.699
0.000
3.327
4.013
(a) AW (mm2/g)
(b) NW (particles/g)
(c)
D V DS
DW
Diameter,
(mm)
fraction
smaller
than D pi
Dpi
1.000
2.362
0.0251
0.1250
10
1.651
0.3207
2.007
0.5292
14
1.168
0.2570
1.409
0.2722
20
0.833
0.1590
1.001
0.1132
28
0.589
0.0538
0.711
0.0594
35
0.417
0.0210
0.503
0.0384
48
0.295
0.0102
0.356
0.0282
65
0.208
0.0077
0.252
0.0205
100
0.147
0.0058
0.178
0.0147
150
0.104
0.0041
0.126
0.0106
200
0.074
0.0031
0.089
0.0075
Pan
0.0075
0.037
0.000
2.845
0.9749
0.8499
Example 2
The screen analysis shown in the table below is for a crushed sample of Galena
(Sphericity = 0.67 and density = 2700 kg/mm2)
Mesh
28/35
0.15
35/48
0.20
48/65
0.171
65/100
0.134
100/150
0.104
150/200
0.08
200
0.161