4.

Diferencias sexuales / de gnero y asimetra

4.1. diferencias cerebrales anatmicas

Petalia & Yakovlevian

torque. Noticeable protrusions
of the hemispheres, anteriorly &
posteriorly, are observed, as
well as differences in the widths
of the frontal (F) & occipital (O)
lobes. These protrusions
produce imprints on the inner
skull surface, known as petalia.
A twisting effect is also
observed, known as
Yakovlevian torque, in which
structures surrounding the right
Sylvian fissure are 'torqued
forward' relative to their
counterparts on the left. The left
occipital lobe is also splayed
across the midline & skews the
interhemispheric fissure in a
rightward direction. A related
shape asymmetry is also
commonly observed in the
occipital horns of the lateral
ventricles: these tend to project
more deeply into the occipital
lobes on the left than on the
right.

4.2. diferencias funcionales - activaciones

IZQUIERDO

DERECHO

MUJERES

HOMBRES

Distribution of activated areas displayed on transparent brain hemispheres

in women (top) and men (bottom) during passive listening to stories, as
compared with the activation during listening to the reverse replay of the
same stories.
Neuroscience Research, December 2001, Imaging studies on sex
differences in the lateralization of language - Kenji Kansaku &
Shigeru Kitazawa

Language. J. Lurito asked female and male volunteers to listen to a

novel. He mapped what areas of the brain "lit up" while they were
listening. Women use both the right and left hemispheres in
processing language; men use only the left hemisphere. Phillips, Lowe,
Lurito, Dzemidzic & Matthews. Temporal lobe activation demonstrates
sex-based differences during passive listening. Radiology, 220:202-207,
2001.

En personas invidentes tambin podra producirse

mayor simetra en la activacin cerebral durante el
procesamiento lingstico.

Mente y Cerebro, 2004

4.3. diferencias en rendimiento cognitivo

Cerebro y Mente, 2004

Existen unas diferencias cognitivas de partida que empiezan condicionando, por

ejemplo, la eleccin de los juguetes?
Biologa (cerebro) vs. Aprendizaje (cultura)
Hormonas y eleccin de juguetes:
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x9a573_hormonas-y-eleccion-dejuguetes_school

Diferencias de gnero: fluidez verbal

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x99rk8_fluencia-verbal-diferenciasde-gene_school

Ejemplo de memoria para caras y su localizacin:

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x16ojun_memoria-facial-diferencias-degenero_school

Rotacin mental - Diferencias de genero:

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x9a4yw_rotacion-mental-diferencias-de-gene_school

Exposicin prenatal a la testosterona

NDICE
------------ = mujeres > hombres
ANULAR

There is a sex difference in the ratio of the length of the index finger divided by
the length of the ring finger (2D:4D). The 2D:4D tends to be smaller in males than
in females.
This sex difference has been reported to be present in two year old children, which
suggests that it is due to the effects of fetal androgen (testosterone)

Redes hormonas y cerebro masculino/femenino (hasta minuto 3:30 aprox)

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x6ozh4_diferencias-de-genero-genes-y-hormo_school

Testosterona prenatal y dedo anular

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xc16yn_testosterona-prenatal-y-dedo-anular_school

Testosterona prenatal y preferencias juegos x gnero

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xc3r7i_testosterona-prenatal-y-preferencia_school
Wikipedia, digit ratio, 2013

Los cerebros ms masculinos

y el autismo
La teora de Baron-Cohen de
exposicin prenatal a la
testosterona

Science 2005 - Sex Differences in the Brain: Implications for Explaining Autism
Simon Baron-Cohen, R.C. Knickmeyer, M.K. Belmonte

Empathizing is the capacity to predict and to respond to the behavior of agents (usually
people) by inferring their mental states and responding to these with an appropriate
emotion. Systemizing is the capacity to predict and to respond to the behavior of
nonagentive deterministic systems by analyzing input-operation-output relations and
inferring the rules that govern such systems females are stronger empathizers and males
are stronger systemizers. The "extreme male brain" theory posits that autism represents
an extreme of the male pattern (impaired empathizing and enhanced systemizing).

2.3. Estimulacin
transcraneal
magntica

Redes: estimulacin transcraneal magntica

Pascual Leone
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-U9jmhALCE
Demostracin desde aprox min 11

Estimulacin magntica transcreaneal y neurociruga (Ibiricu & Morales, 2009)

La EMT puede utilizarse para la evaluacin preoperatoria de reas especficas del
cerebro. Antes del procedimiento quirrgico es necesario identificar el hemisferio
dominante, localizar las reas del lenguaje o las reas motoras. La combinacin de
EMT y la resonancia magntica funcional pueden ayudar en dichas localizaciones.
La EMT repetitiva de alta frecuencia sobre el hemisferio dominante puede inducir un
stop del habla que ayuda a localizar las reas relacionadas con el lenguaje.
La correlacin de estos resultados con los del amobarbital intracarotdeo (test de Wada)
es alta...
Interferencia del lenguaje ingls. Pero no al cantar
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJtNPqCj-iA