Ministry of education

I.M.M.O.P
EXP.COLON
NAME
JAVIER DE OBALDIA
LEVEL
8A

STUFF
INGLES

Teacher
_________________________________

TOPIC
INVESTIGATION

DATE
21 NOVEMBER 2014

THE FLAG
The Flag of the Republic of Panama is the best known
and most important national symbols of the Republic of
Panama. It consists of a rectangle divided into four
quarters: the upper left is a blue five-pointed star on a
white background; the upper right is red; lower left is
blue; and the lower right is a red pentagram on a white
background.
As part of the celebration of national holidays, every
November 4 Flag Day is celebrated in Panama, as a
national holiday. On the occasion of this great
celebration celebrations such as parades and
ceremonies, in which he pays tribute to the flag are
made.

COAT OF ARMS
The coat of Panama is ogival shape with plywood
division in girdles and quartered. The upper section or
head is divided in two blocks: the skillful flank in
Argent (white) shows a saber and a shiny gun,
signifying alertness in defense of the sovereignty of
the nation and neglect acts of war; on the sinister side,
Gules (red), there is a shovel and a pick, symbols
trabajo.
In the center, or point of honor shown to the Isthmus
with its two seas and sky in natural colors, with the
sun and moon on the left to the right of the observer;
the moon rising in the sea waves and the sun hiding
behind a hill, scoring six in the afternoon, when the
separation of Colombia. The tip is also divided in two
blocks: in dexter flank blue field is a currency flowing
cornucopia, symbol of wealth; and on the sinister side,
in a field of silver (white), is the winged wheel emblem
progress.
Above the shield there is a harpy eagle, symbol of
sovereignty, with its head turned to the left and
holding in its beak a ribbon with the motto "PRO
MUNDI BENEFIT" (in Spanish: "For the sake of the
world"). Above the eagle is an arch formed by ten stars
to represent the ten provinces of the republic. By Act
119 of December 30, 2013, which creates a tenth
province in the Republic of Panama provides that from
January 1, 2014 ten gold stars placed the national
shield. On each side of the shield are two national
pavilions. The shield rests on a green field, symbolizing
the three vegetacin.

NOT

National anthem

In 1889, arrives in Peralta, Spain, Jorge Santos Amatrian, a

musician studied. When he arrived in Panama, began as
cathedral organist and teacher of singing in public and
elementary schools. In 1892 he was appointed director of the
band (military) battalion Ecuador, and then played the same
position but at the newly founded Republican Band.
By 1897, he composed the music for a song title for schools
Patriotic Hymn Isthmian. The words were written by Juan
Augusto Torres, secretary of public education at that time. The
composition permeated both among the population, not just the
students sang, but also the greatest government.
In 1903, William I. Buchanan, former ambassador and minister
plenipotentiary of the United States to Panama, was to present
credentials to the Interim Board and there was a hymn to
interpret, as required by the usual protocol. Jorge Santos
suggests, use your hymn for the occasion, which was accepted,
since the song was backed by the general public. The same
composer asked his friend Jeronimo de la Ossa to draft a letter
to which he agreed.
In 1906, the National Assembly adopted the anthem in
accordance with Law 39 and provisionally, as it was thought to
make a contest to choose a new composition. The Panamanian
people choose it again. Later in the Constitution of 1941, an
article adopts definitively called National Anthem is included

HOLIDAYS
JANUARY:
9. DAY OF THE MARTYRS

NOVEMBER
3. SEPARATION OF PANAMA TO COLOMBIA
5. PATRIOTIC MEMORIAL TO THE CITY OF COLON
10. CRY OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE VILLA DE LOS SANTOS
28. INDEPENDENCE OF PANAMA OF SPAIN

THE MARTYRS
The Martyrs' Day was a place in Panama on Thursday, January 9, 1964, whose
aim was to demand the presence and raise the Panamanian flag in the territory
known as the Canal Zone, a strip of land around the Panama Canal movement ,
which was ceded to the United States in perpetuity by the Hay-Bunau Varilla
Treaty. This event was the trigger for the treaty was abolished and became
operational the Torrijos-Carter Treaties.
Through the Hay-Bunau Varilla in November 1903, expressed in Article II that
granted in perpetuity to the United States in the Canal Zone, a strip of 5 miles
long on each side of the Panama Canal. This within the Panamanian population
generated a degree of dissatisfaction to be occupied by the Americans and
dividing the country into two parts physically territory.
In the following decades, new treaties were signed concerning the Canal, which
somehow made more flexible the Hay-Bunau Varilla; however not abrogated
the treaty, which still held that sensitive spot on the mat. However, rejection of
the Filos-Hines Convention in 1947 by the Panamanian people, indicated that
the company was already claiming that his government vigorously claimed
sovereignty over the Zone.

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SEPARATION OF PANAMA TO
COLOMBIA
The Isthmus of Panama was an integral part of all forms of political and
territorial organization that had the Republic of Colombia from 1831-1903, with
about seventeen attempts at secession and four separations accomplished
during the nineteenth century.
Declared independence from Spain on November 28, 1821, the rulers of
Panama made the decision to voluntarily join the Gran Colombia, formed State
extinct in most of its territory by current Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and
Panama. With the understanding that economic management autonomy would
be preserved and administrativa.8
In 1826, when the Congress was held in Amphictyonic Isthmian capital Panama
rejected the Bolivarian constitution, but this did not prevent that in that year
the first attempt from Gran Colombia separation should occur. Because the
Colombian Congress ignored requests for franchises for the isthmus, which
frustrated the Panamanian aspirations, a separatist movement arose to turn
Panama into a Hanseatic country under the protection of Great Britain and the
United States. The movement was, however, suppressed by prominent
Colombian military in istmo.9

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PATRIOTIC MEMORIAL TO THE

CITY OF COLON
It was the November 5 when really the independence of Panama, because the
500 men under Colonel Eliseo Torres could not move Colon was assured.
It was when they started talks with members of the Revolutionary Junta Mayor
colonense Eleazar Guerrero to convince Colombians to leave Panama.
It defines the November 5 as the most important day because that's when Juan
Antonio Henrquez, a member of the Revolutionary Council of Columbus, sent
to Panama a telegram that read: "Only now, 7: 30 pm, can be said that the
independence of Panama is assured
The 500 men were in Columbus and under Colonel Torres no way they can be
moved. The colonel got angry and vociferous, threatening to kill all
Panamanian, US or foreign to oppose this.
Then began conversations between members of the Revolutionary Council
colonense Eleazar Guerrero mayor and other local authorities in order to
convince Colombians they left Panama, which was achieved with the solid
pecuniary argument (eight thousand dollars) managed to pacify the Colonel
Torres

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INDEPENDENCE OF PANAMA OF
SPAIN
emancipatory process was developed between November 10 and November 28, 1821
by which the colonial Panama breaks ties that existed between its territory and the
Spanish Empire, thus bringing to an end 320 years of colonial life.
The Panamanian movement for independence from the Spanish Crown starts on
November 10, 1821 with the independence of the Villa de Los Santos led by Second
Villareal, which had the backing of other cities of the province as Nata, Penonom, Oc
and Parita.
Thereupon was finally proclaimed independence of Panama, on November 28, 1821
and this nation decides to voluntarily join the Gran Colombia, along with Venezuela,
Ecuador and Colombia.
On December 1 of that year, in the city of Santiago was proclaimed the independence
of the Veraguas province of Spanish power, which binds to the independence
movement in Panama and thus joins the Great Colombia.
These events represent the only true independence of Panama.

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