Professional Documents
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Booklet CHR77357
Booklet CHR77357
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Dietrich Buxtehude
Suite d-Moll BuxWV 241/244
16 Allemande
17 Courante
18 Sarabande
19 Gigue
Johann Jakob Froberger
20 Tombeau fait Paris sur la mort
de M. Blancheroche
Suite Nr. 20 D-Dur
21 Allemande
22 Gigue
23 Courante
24 Sarabande
2:54
1:34
2:04
1:41
4:58
4:42
2:08
1:33
2:47
Das musikalische Geschehen der Instrumentalmusik fr Gambe, Cembalo und Laute konzentrierte
sich zu Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts auf Italien, England und ganz besonders auf Frankreich. Wie auch
spter in der Romantik und in der Zeit des Impressionismus zog es viele Komponisten und Instrumentalisten in die franzsische Kulturmetropole Paris.
Louis Couperin (1626-1661) und Johann Jakob
Froberger (1616-1667), die sich dort kennen
lernten, drfen ohne Zgern als die innovativsten
Cembalisten des Frhbarocks bezeichnet werden.
Neben wenigen anderen Tasteninstrumentalisten
jener Zeit (z.B. Jean-Henry dAnglebert) beeinflussten sie parallel zu den groen Gambisten und
Lautenisten den Musikstil einer ganzen Epoche.
Viele Stilelemente der Zeit wurden ber Generationen wiederverwendet oder neu entdeckt etwa
das freie Improvisieren, wie wir es in Hndels
Preludes, verschiedenen Fantasien Johann Sebastian Bachs oder auch in diversen Lautenkompositionen Silvius Leopold Weiss wiederfinden. Es
wurde bereits ber 100 Jahre frher von nahezu
allen Lautenisten und mit einiger zeitlicher Verzgerung auch vielen Cembalisten gepflegt.
Ebenso bemerkenswert ist, dass groe Lautenmeister wie z.B. Ennemond Gaultier (1575?-1651)
und sein Cousin Denis Gaultier (1597-1672) oder
auch Francois Dufaut (ca.1600-ca.1670) bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Idiomatik ausbten, mit
der die neuen Expressionisten der Tasteninstrumente den Kompositionsstil fast zweier Generationen bestimmten. Erst mit dem Auftreten der
neuen Schule um die Heroen des 17. und 18.
4
Das musikalische Geschehen der Instrumentalmusik fr Gambe, Cembalo und Laute konzentrierte
sich zu Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts auf Italien, England und ganz besonders auf Frankreich. Wie auch
spter in der Romantik und in der Zeit des Impressionismus zog es viele Komponisten und Instrumentalisten in die franzsische Kulturmetropole Paris.
Louis Couperin (1626-1661) und Johann Jakob
Froberger (1616-1667), die sich dort kennen
lernten, drfen ohne Zgern als die innovativsten
Cembalisten des Frhbarocks bezeichnet werden.
Neben wenigen anderen Tasteninstrumentalisten
jener Zeit (z.B. Jean-Henry dAnglebert) beeinflussten sie parallel zu den groen Gambisten und
Lautenisten den Musikstil einer ganzen Epoche.
Viele Stilelemente der Zeit wurden ber Generationen wiederverwendet oder neu entdeckt etwa
das freie Improvisieren, wie wir es in Hndels
Preludes, verschiedenen Fantasien Johann Sebastian Bachs oder auch in diversen Lautenkompositionen Silvius Leopold Weiss wiederfinden. Es
wurde bereits ber 100 Jahre frher von nahezu
allen Lautenisten und mit einiger zeitlicher Verzgerung auch vielen Cembalisten gepflegt.
Ebenso bemerkenswert ist, dass groe Lautenmeister wie z.B. Ennemond Gaultier (1575?-1651)
und sein Cousin Denis Gaultier (1597-1672) oder
auch Francois Dufaut (ca.1600-ca.1670) bedeutenden Einfluss auf die Idiomatik ausbten, mit
der die neuen Expressionisten der Tasteninstrumente den Kompositionsstil fast zweier Generationen bestimmten. Erst mit dem Auftreten der
neuen Schule um die Heroen des 17. und 18.
4
einen punktierten tnzerischen Rhythmus (Suite dMoll), meist jedoch erklingt sie als italienische Giga
im 12/8-Takt (Suite A-Dur).
Buxtehude lsst zwischen einzelnen Stzen einer
Suite selten thematische oder strukturell harmonische Bezge erkennen. Darum habe ich mir erlaubt, die Suite in d-Moll (BuxWV 241) mit einer
wie ich meine interessanteren Gigue (aus BuxWV 244) abzuschlieen. Die recht rustikal und
solide gearbeitete Sarabande der Suite BuxWV
238 wurde durch den kunstvoll komponierten Satz
(Sarabande II) aus der Suite BuxWV 226 ersetzt.
Die Fantasie c-moll BWV 919, hier fr Gitarre nach
a-Moll transponiert, ist als einzeln stehendes Werk
berliefert. Wahrscheinlich wurde sie von Johann
Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) komponiert. Da die
berschrift di Bernhardt Bach lautet, knnte
auch neben zwei Verwandten Namens Johann
Bernhard Bach der dritte Sohn des Thomaskantors, Johann Gottfried Bernhard (1715-1739) als
Komponist in Frage kommen. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund stilistischer Grnde wird das in der Art einer
Invention verfasste Werk Johann Sebastian Bach
als Komponisten zugeschrieben. Das freie Spiel
mit Themen und Motiven wird hier so komprimiert
und originell dargeboten, dass die Betitelung Fantasie tatschlich ihre Entsprechung findet.
Die anschlieende Chromatische Fuge BWV 906,
ebenfalls original in c-Moll (fr Gitarre nach eMoll transponiert), findet ihre ursprngliche Verwendung als nachfolgender Satz der berhmten
einen punktierten tnzerischen Rhythmus (Suite dMoll), meist jedoch erklingt sie als italienische Giga
im 12/8-Takt (Suite A-Dur).
Buxtehude lsst zwischen einzelnen Stzen einer
Suite selten thematische oder strukturell harmonische Bezge erkennen. Darum habe ich mir erlaubt, die Suite in d-Moll (BuxWV 241) mit einer
wie ich meine interessanteren Gigue (aus BuxWV 244) abzuschlieen. Die recht rustikal und
solide gearbeitete Sarabande der Suite BuxWV
238 wurde durch den kunstvoll komponierten Satz
(Sarabande II) aus der Suite BuxWV 226 ersetzt.
Die Fantasie c-moll BWV 919, hier fr Gitarre nach
a-Moll transponiert, ist als einzeln stehendes Werk
berliefert. Wahrscheinlich wurde sie von Johann
Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) komponiert. Da die
berschrift di Bernhardt Bach lautet, knnte
auch neben zwei Verwandten Namens Johann
Bernhard Bach der dritte Sohn des Thomaskantors, Johann Gottfried Bernhard (1715-1739) als
Komponist in Frage kommen. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund stilistischer Grnde wird das in der Art einer
Invention verfasste Werk Johann Sebastian Bach
als Komponisten zugeschrieben. Das freie Spiel
mit Themen und Motiven wird hier so komprimiert
und originell dargeboten, dass die Betitelung Fantasie tatschlich ihre Entsprechung findet.
Die anschlieende Chromatische Fuge BWV 906,
ebenfalls original in c-Moll (fr Gitarre nach eMoll transponiert), findet ihre ursprngliche Verwendung als nachfolgender Satz der berhmten
In the early seventeenth century, the musical centres for viola da gamba, harpsichord and lute were
concentrated in Italy, England and particularly
France. As in the later eras of Romanticism and
Impressionism, many composers and players were
attracted to the French cultural metropolis, Paris.
Louis Couperin (1626-1661) and Johann Jakob
Froberger (1616-1667) who made acquaintance
with each other in this city can unhesitatingly be
described as the most innovative harpsichordists
of the Early Baroque. Alongside a select group of
keyboard players of this period (such as Jean-Henry dAnglebert), these two composers exerted an
influence on the musical style of an entire epoch
alongside the renowned contemporary gambists
and lutenists. Numerous stylistic elements were
reused or newly invented over several generations: free improvisation for example, present in
works such as Handels Preludes, a number of Johann Sebastian Bachs Fantasies and diverse compositions for lute by Silvius Leopold Weiss, had
already been employed for at least a century by
almost all lutenists and at a slightly later point
by many harpsichordists.
It is equally remarkable that grand masters of the
lute including Ennemond Gaultier (1575?-1651)
and his cousin Denis Gaultier (1597-1672) and
also Francois Dufaut (ca.1600-ca.1670) all exerted a significant influence on the idiomatic musical language which dominated the compositional
style of the new Expressionists of keyboard instruments for almost two generations. The works
8
of Froberger and Louis Couperin (an uncle of Franois) only fell into oblivion for a long time after
the emergence of the new school based around
the heroes of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, J.-Ph. Rameau (1683-1764) and Franois
Couperin (1668-1733).
The music of the two giants Louis Couperin and
Froberger is today still considered an exquisite
delicacy for epicureans and specialists and remains somewhat in the shade of the frequently
daring harmonies of other great masters such as
Bach, Handel, Franois Couperin and Rameau.
The works of Louis Couperin (1626-1661) have
not been preserved in the form of Suites but rather in various parcels of movements consisting
of groups of different movement types. The performer would simply choose a series or suite of
pieces from these sets of Prludes, Allemandes,
Courantes, Chaconnes, and Passacaglias etc. as
desired. The challenge of assembling a sequence
of pieces capable of evoking a distinctive character or mood through the application of specific
aesthetic principles is particularly appealing to
the performer, providing him or her with the opportunity of adding a personal touch to the work.
The present set of pieces Suite in D is primarily dedicated to the harmonic genius apparent in
Couperins music, assuming a somewhat serious
stance. In the opening Prlude, a strictly three-part
fugue-like central section is sandwiched by two improvisatory outer sections. The wavy tie-line markings added by the composer indicate the desired
harpsichord and organ music with an Italian influence. The pride of place allotted by Froberger
to the art of free improvisation in his suites and
laments is remarkable for its hints of anachronism;
in contrast to the music of Louis Couperin, the duration of every note is precisely notated, but even
listeners will also recognise that this music clearly
originates from the free and innovative style
The Tombeau sur la mort de Monsieur Blanchrocher, perhaps Frobergers most well-known work,
displays a dramaturgy which is unparalleled during this epoch. Alongside its remarkable compositional technique, it is the harmonic metamorphosis which so vividly communicates the everchanging emotional phases of this lamentation
to the listener and reflects the pure essence of
contemporary harmonic invention in inimitable
fashion. During the progress of this work, grief,
pain and melancholy merge with each other, ultimately being discharged in an excessive eruption heralded by an incessantly penetrating pedal
point D bass in which the concluding fall downstairs represented by the furious descending scale
is presumably intended to depict the dedicatees
cause of death.
The Suite No. 18 in G minor (Doric) and the Suite
No. 20 in D major from Frobergers approximately
30 surviving suite compositions are two of the
composers most frequently performed works. An
innovation present in both works which can surely
be attributed to Froberger is the recurrence of particular motifs or harmonic progressions in each
9
In the early seventeenth century, the musical centres for viola da gamba, harpsichord and lute were
concentrated in Italy, England and particularly
France. As in the later eras of Romanticism and
Impressionism, many composers and players were
attracted to the French cultural metropolis, Paris.
Louis Couperin (1626-1661) and Johann Jakob
Froberger (1616-1667) who made acquaintance
with each other in this city can unhesitatingly be
described as the most innovative harpsichordists
of the Early Baroque. Alongside a select group of
keyboard players of this period (such as Jean-Henry dAnglebert), these two composers exerted an
influence on the musical style of an entire epoch
alongside the renowned contemporary gambists
and lutenists. Numerous stylistic elements were
reused or newly invented over several generations: free improvisation for example, present in
works such as Handels Preludes, a number of Johann Sebastian Bachs Fantasies and diverse compositions for lute by Silvius Leopold Weiss, had
already been employed for at least a century by
almost all lutenists and at a slightly later point
by many harpsichordists.
It is equally remarkable that grand masters of the
lute including Ennemond Gaultier (1575?-1651)
and his cousin Denis Gaultier (1597-1672) and
also Francois Dufaut (ca.1600-ca.1670) all exerted a significant influence on the idiomatic musical language which dominated the compositional
style of the new Expressionists of keyboard instruments for almost two generations. The works
8
of Froberger and Louis Couperin (an uncle of Franois) only fell into oblivion for a long time after
the emergence of the new school based around
the heroes of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, J.-Ph. Rameau (1683-1764) and Franois
Couperin (1668-1733).
The music of the two giants Louis Couperin and
Froberger is today still considered an exquisite
delicacy for epicureans and specialists and remains somewhat in the shade of the frequently
daring harmonies of other great masters such as
Bach, Handel, Franois Couperin and Rameau.
The works of Louis Couperin (1626-1661) have
not been preserved in the form of Suites but rather in various parcels of movements consisting
of groups of different movement types. The performer would simply choose a series or suite of
pieces from these sets of Prludes, Allemandes,
Courantes, Chaconnes, and Passacaglias etc. as
desired. The challenge of assembling a sequence
of pieces capable of evoking a distinctive character or mood through the application of specific
aesthetic principles is particularly appealing to
the performer, providing him or her with the opportunity of adding a personal touch to the work.
The present set of pieces Suite in D is primarily dedicated to the harmonic genius apparent in
Couperins music, assuming a somewhat serious
stance. In the opening Prlude, a strictly three-part
fugue-like central section is sandwiched by two improvisatory outer sections. The wavy tie-line markings added by the composer indicate the desired
harpsichord and organ music with an Italian influence. The pride of place allotted by Froberger
to the art of free improvisation in his suites and
laments is remarkable for its hints of anachronism;
in contrast to the music of Louis Couperin, the duration of every note is precisely notated, but even
listeners will also recognise that this music clearly
originates from the free and innovative style
The Tombeau sur la mort de Monsieur Blanchrocher, perhaps Frobergers most well-known work,
displays a dramaturgy which is unparalleled during this epoch. Alongside its remarkable compositional technique, it is the harmonic metamorphosis which so vividly communicates the everchanging emotional phases of this lamentation
to the listener and reflects the pure essence of
contemporary harmonic invention in inimitable
fashion. During the progress of this work, grief,
pain and melancholy merge with each other, ultimately being discharged in an excessive eruption heralded by an incessantly penetrating pedal
point D bass in which the concluding fall downstairs represented by the furious descending scale
is presumably intended to depict the dedicatees
cause of death.
The Suite No. 18 in G minor (Doric) and the Suite
No. 20 in D major from Frobergers approximately
30 surviving suite compositions are two of the
composers most frequently performed works. An
innovation present in both works which can surely
be attributed to Froberger is the recurrence of particular motifs or harmonic progressions in each
9
The fugue which was written around 1730 but unfortunately never completed could probably have
been planned as a da-capo fugue, an assumption
supported by the fact that the manuscript ends
where the theme re-enters in the principal key
at the end of the second section. The expected
comes entry (as of bar 48) a fourth below the dux
was not executed by the composer.
The outer sections of the fugues triptych-like architecture are so extravagantly chromatic that
there is almost no space for elaborate contrapuntal work and the chief motif dominates the first
section apart from the final cadence. The continuation of the accompanying voices perpetuates the
chromatic flow of harmonies to the extent that the
The fugue which was written around 1730 but unfortunately never completed could probably have
been planned as a da-capo fugue, an assumption
supported by the fact that the manuscript ends
where the theme re-enters in the principal key
at the end of the second section. The expected
comes entry (as of bar 48) a fourth below the dux
was not executed by the composer.
The outer sections of the fugues triptych-like architecture are so extravagantly chromatic that
there is almost no space for elaborate contrapuntal work and the chief motif dominates the first
section apart from the final cadence. The continuation of the accompanying voices perpetuates the
chromatic flow of harmonies to the extent that the
2:17
1:18
1:45
1:14
4:58
3:31
1:34
1:30
2:56
1:06
3:02
Dietrich Buxtehude
Suite d-Moll BuxWV 241/244
16 Allemande
17 Courante
18 Sarabande
19 Gigue
Johann Jakob Froberger
20 Tombeau fait Paris sur la mort
de M. Blancheroche
Suite Nr. 20 D-Dur
21 Allemande
22 Gigue
23 Courante
24 Sarabande
2:54
1:34
2:04
1:41
4:58
4:42
2:08
1:33
2:47
Booklet
CHR 77357
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