The present perfect tense

- :
I we you they - + have + P.P
He she it -

+ has + P.P

- They have watched TV.

- We have cooked lunch

- I have studied the problem.

- She has booked a room

- Ayman has seen a spider

- He has moved to Luxor

-- :
( just already yet ever never since for lately recently so far
up till now
throughout history over ages (

- just already :

- I have just ironed my clothes

- She has already swept the floor.
- Yet : ) (
- They haven't phoned us yet.
- Has she sent the letter yet ?
- He is still painting his room. = He hasnt finished painting his room yet.
- Ever :


- Have you ever travelled by balloon?
- No, I have never travelled by balloon.
- lately recently:
(
- Have you phoned her (lately recently)?

- I have answered a question recently.

()
- They haven't visited us lately.
()
- Since for :
Since
etc.)

( last o'clock - then -

For

( the last hour a long time ages etc.)

- Aya has moved to Cairo for seven years.

(since)

- Aya has moved to Cairo since 2004.

- It's ten o'clock . she has slept for 2 hours

(since)

- She has slept since eight o'clock.

* since ( v + ing ) :
- He hasnt come since you fired him.
- Since going to Cairo. She has stayed there.
just just now a moment ago a short time ago
.
- He has just arrived .

- They have just phoned. =

He arrived a short time ago.

They phoned a moment ago .

. already before now

- He has already finished he finished before now.
3)

for since

It ( is was has been )

since

- He hasn't travelled for ages.

= It is ages since he travelled.

- He hasnt studied for along time.

= It is along time since he studied.

- when since
last when
The last time

hasn't haven't + P.P

when
since

- He hasn't helped her since she was ill.

= He last helped her when she was ill.
when she was ill.

= The last time he helped her

-He hasnt washed since he was ill.

= He last washed when he was ill.
he was ill.

= The last time he washed when

- since was when

- I haven't phoned her since last week

(last)

= The last time I phoned her was last week.= The last time I phoned her
was a week ago
- Aya hasnt cooked since 2000.

= Aya last cooked in 2000.

- ago for
+ ( have has ) + P.P
+

for

I travelled 2 years ago.

+ ago

+( haven't hasn't ) + P.P

+ last + +

I have travelled for 2 years ( ago ) .

for

+ ago

I haven't slept for 2 hours .

I last slept 2 hours ago.

+ ( haven't hasn't ) + been + v+

ing for

I have been learning English for a

year.

+ started + v + ing + + ago

I started learning English a year ago.

I began to learn English a year ago.

+ began to + + + ago
- ( have has ) gone to
- ( have has ) been to

- He travelled to Cairo and came back. ( been )

Cairo.

= He has been to

- He traveled to London and still there. [ has]

London.

= He has gone to

The present perfect continuous

[Have has ]+ been + v + ing
- I have been reading all day.
- She has been watching TV too much recently.
- They have been learning English since 2005.
- He has been living her for 2 years.
:
1- all
2-
- They have been learning Arabic for 12 years.
- We have been living in Cairo for seven years
- I have been working in this factory since 2000
3- since / for now here
- Ahmed has been reading for two hours now.

- It has been raining for three hours now.

- They have been living here since 1999.
4-
- I am tired. I have been working all day.
- He is late, he has been sleeping all night.
- His hands are dirty . he has been repairing his car.
5-
wait - live work travel read sleep stay mend swim stand .
- I have been waiting for two hours
- They have been sleeping for along time

-
1-
- I have remembered what happened all the week.
- All the week I have understood what had been said in class.
2-
- He has written two letters all the night.
- They have seen that film six times all that week .

The past simple tense

Formation

Regular ( v + d / ed / ied )
Irregular ( went, saw, did )
ago.
Usage

An action began and finished in the past.

Tense marks

Ex : I visited Luxor last year.

Ex : I bought a car two years

( yesterday, last, ago, one day, once, in 1990, in the past,

this morning )

Negative form

Subject + didn't + v. stem

Ex : I saw the film yesterday.
the film yesterday.
Ex : I played tennis yesterday.
yesterday.

( not )
( not )

- I didn't see
- I didn't play tennis

Interrogative form
Question word + did + subject + v stem ?
Ex : They went to the cinema yesterday.
( Where )
Where did you go yesterday?
Ex : I had fish for dinner.
( What )
What did you have for dinner?
Used to
Subject + used to + v. stem .
Ex : I played football when I was young.
( used to )
I used to play football when I was young.
Ex : In the past, Adel used to smoke.
( What )
What did Adel use to do in the past?
Ex : When grandfather was four, he used to ride a bike.
( not )

When grandfather was four, he didn't use to ride a bike.

? passive
:

object + was / were + pp + by + subject

- Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.

(Hamlet)
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.

__________________________________________________________
_________

Team Work
1) Complete the sentences with the present perfect or
the past simple form of the verbs in brackets.

1. My grandfather _______________ (work) with the

company for thirty years, until he retired in
1998.
2. Sam ___________ (play) foot ball in Spain for three
years but he still can't speak the language.
3. ________ your mum __________ (teach) at your
school for a few years when you were a student
there?
4. Alex __________ (not study) maths for ages. He
will fail the exam if he doesn't study soon.
5. We __________ (go) to the beach for a few hours
on Sunday.
6. My brother ___________ (work) with my dad for
the past six months.
7. I ____________ (play) basketball for the school
team but I gave it up when I left.

8. "Where's John?" "He________ (go) to the shops."

9. Mr Ahmed __________(teach) us English for a
year. I really like his classes.
10.My sister ______________ (study) French in Paris
for a fortnight last summer.

2) Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

ago
did
yesterday

for
yet

has

have

last

1. We went to Italy for our holiday last year.

2. How long ____________ you been here for?
3. We didn't stay with mu grandparents ________ a
week.
4. Alan hasn' arrived ____________ .
5. Did they tell you about their plans ____________?
6. How long __________ they play for?
7. How long __________ he known you for?
8. We spoke to him two hours __________.
3) Read the dialogue. choose the correct answers .
Ahmed : .. a new computer yet?
(Did you buy/ Have you bought)

Samir : Yes, I one last weekend.

( 've bought/ bought)
Ahmed : Where .. it?
( did you buy/ have you bought)
Samir: At the department store. I decided to get a
laptop.
Ahmed : Good idea. I .. my laptop for a
month and it's really useful.
( had/ have had )
Samir: Yes, you can take them anywhere.
yours to school?
( Have you taken/ Did you take)
Ahmed: Yes, a few times. I .... it in the
information technology class.
(used/ have used)
Samir: Cool. How much
?
( has you laptop cost/ did your laptop cost)
Ahmed I can't remember because my dad
for it
( paid/ has paid)
Samir: Lucky you! I had o use my savings to pay
for mine.

______________________________________________________________
________________

5 ) Complete the sentences with the correct present and

past simple forms of the verbs in brackets.

4)
5)
6)
7)
8)

1. When _________ he ________ (arrive) at school?

2. Laila _________ never________ (eat) Chinese food.
3. We __________ (travel) in the Sahara desert last
year.
4. Laura _________ (buy) a new laptop yesterday.
5. We ___________ (see) the party last week.
6. I __________ always ___________ (like) modern art.
7. We __________ ( wait) for half an hour and he's
still not here.
8. Andy __________ (not finish) washing up yet.

6)Complete the ext with the correct present perfect

and past simple
forms of the verbs in brackets.
I'm only 21 but I 1___________ (travel) a lot. I
_2__________ (go) to Egypt last March to see the
pyramids. I like the Middle East and I 3___________
(visit) a lot of countries there. I _3________ (stay)
in Jordan a year ago and I 4___________ (be) in
Syria last summer. Now, I want to visit Asia. I
_5________ never 6 _______ (see) India and I'm
going next month. I can't wait!