As the festive period is here once again, a lot of social gatherings and family

time are part of the itinerary for most. So this year instead of telling the reg
ular old Christmas cracker jokes why not entertain your friends and family with
these pretty amazing space facts instead?
There are thousands of other planets out there.
We have eight planets in our Solar System. However, outside of our Solar System
there are thousands of other planets. The extra-solar planets or exo-planets are
in orbit around another star. So far we have almost 1800 confirmed new worlds,
with another 3000 awaiting confirmation. Astronomers are looking to a star s goldi
locks zone for planets that may be habitable, just like the Earth. The majority
of planets discovered so far are hot gas giant planets.

Image: There are thousands of planets out there! This artist s impression shows wh
at those multiple Solar Systems might look like. (Image Credit: NASA/ESA/ESO)
There are thousands of planets out there! This artist s impression shows what thos
e multiple Solar Systems might look like. (Image Credit: NASA/ESA/ESO)
2. In space the skin on your feet peels off!
This is a pretty gross fact but in the micro-gravity environment, astronauts are
not using their feet to walk. Therefore the skin on their feet starts to soften
and flakes off. As laundry facilities do not exist in space, astronauts will we
ar the same underwear and socks for a few days. Those socks then need to be take
n off very gently. If not those dead skin cells will float around in the weightl
ess environment.
3. On Venus a day is longer than a year.
This is tricky one to get your head around but a year on Venus (that is the leng
th of time it takes to complete one whole orbit around the Sun) is 224.7 Earth d
ays. However it takes 243 Earth days to rotate on its axis just once.
4.The astronauts were placed in quarantine after returning from the moon.
There is a famous image of President Nixon talking to the Apollo 11 crew consist
ing of Michael Collins, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin. This continued until aft
er the Apollo 14 crew returned safely. After this it was decided that the Moon d
id not contain any deadly diseases. The Apollo 13 crew, who had a malfunction an
d had to return to Earth, did not have to be quarantined after their re-entry as
they didn t actually walk on the moon.
Armstrong, Collins and Aldrin meeting President Nixon after their safe return to
Earth. (Image credit: NASA)
Armstrong, Collins and Aldrin meeting President Nixon after their safe return to
Earth. (Image credit: NASA)
5. One million Earths can fit inside the Sun.
Ancient astronomers once believed the Earth was at the centre of the Universe bu
t now we know that the Sun is at the centre of our Solar System and our planets
orbit the Sun. The Sun makes up 99.8% of the entire mass of the whole Solar Syst
em. One million Earths would be needed to be the same size as the Sun.

Image: You can fit one million of our home planet inside the Sun. Credit: NASA/S
DO/Steele Hill.
Image: You can fit one million of our home planet inside the Sun. (Image Credit:
NASA/SDO/Steele Hill)

6.You become taller in Space.

Another change to the human body in micro-gravity is that spine straightens out,
as gravity is not pushing you down. In fact you can be up to as much as 5cm tal
ler in the Space Station.
7. Extreme weather warning!
Some times on the Earth, especially here in Northern Ireland the weather can be
a bit rubbish! However our weather is awesome compared to some of the other plan
ets. Jupiter has fast winds and the Great Red spot, a massive hurricane style st
orm, has raged there for the last 300 years. Mercury and Mars have extreme temp
erature changes in the same day. Venus is a scorching five times hotter than boi
ling water. Saturn and Uranus also have extremely fast winds. However Neptune ha
s the fastest ever wind speeds reaching a staggering 1600mph!
mage: Neptune the windiest planet as captured by Voyager 2 in 1989. Credit: Voya
ger 2, NASA.
Neptune the windiest planet as captured by Voyager 2 in 1989. (image Credit: Voy
ager 2, NASA)
8. Space is not that far away.
Space officially begins at the universal marker of the Karman Line. This invisib
le boundary is 100km above the Earth. In theory if you could drive your car upwa
rds, you could be in space in less than hour.
9. The hottest planet is not the closest planet to the Sun.
Even though Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, it is not actually the hot
test. Mercury does not have any atmosphere meaning that this planet is only hot
in the daytime when it is directly facing the Sun. At this stage temperatures ca
n rise to 425C but at night the planet s temperature can drop down to a freezing -1
80C. Venus is the hottest planet. Its thick clouds trap the Sun s heat causing Venu
s to be a sizzling 500C all of the time!
Image: A surface probe would not exist on the surface of Venus for very long. Th
is is an reconstruction of the surface of Venus as captured by Radar by the spac
e craft Magellan in the 1990s. Credit: E. De Jong et al. (JPL), MIPL, Magellan T
eam, NASA.
A surface probe would not exist on the surface of Venus for very long. This is a
n reconstruction of the surface of Venus as captured by Radar by the space craft
Magellan in the 1990s. (image credit: E. De Jong et al. (JPL), MIPL, Magellan T
eam, NASA)
10. The moon looks bigger on the horizon
There is an optical illusion which makes the moon appear to be larger the lower
it is in the sky. The apparent magnification is not caused by our atmosphere. It
is more of a mind trick. When the moon is closer to the horizon, it is closer t
o objects like buildings and trees which therefore in comparison makes the moon
look bigger. However there are times when the moon really is bigger. During its
elliptical orbit the moon has times when it is actually slightly closer to the E
arth (Perigee) or further from the Earth (apogee). This happens about once a mon
th, due the moon s orbit around the Earth. Usually is not noticeable to the eye. H
owever when a full moon occurs at the same time of the moon s perigee it can be ca
lled a Super moon and appears 12-14% bigger than normal!
11. There s a moose loose
Eccentric Astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) believed that the Moon and Sun orbi
ted the Earth but the other planets orbited the Sun. He catalogued many stars an

d objects, and has a crater on the moon, and supernova remnant named after him.
However his wild antics are perhaps just as interesting. He wore a fake silver n
ose after losing his real one in a sword fight and he also had a pet moose which
died falling down the stairs after one to many drinks. When his body was exhume
d and examined in 2010, it is thought that a burst bladder was the cause of his
death not mercury poisoning by a jealous colleague which was considered a cause
of death.Astronauts are literally star sailors
12. The word astronaut comes from the Greek word Astron which means star and nautes
which means sailor. The Russian cosmonaut has a similar meaning from kosmos meanin
g universe and again nautes sailor.
Image: Astronaut Mark Lee, a real star sailor. Credit: NASA.
Astronaut Mark Lee, a real star sailor. (Image Credit: NASA)
13. You can cry in space but your tears don t fall
On-board the International Space Station, water floats like bubbles or spheres.
However the water will cling to a surface until it is dislodged. This means that
tears start to form bubbles around your eyes as the weightless environment is n
ot causing your tears to fall. This sounds really cool but it can be dangerous.
ESA astronaut Luca Parmitano suffered a space suit leak whilst on a spacewalk. T
he water leaked into his helmet covered his eyes and ears, but thankfully he mad
e it back into the Space Station unharmed, but if not he could have drowned in s
pace.
14. Dirty underwear and toilet paper has helped grown plants on the ISS
American astronaut Don Pettit discovered that by folding a pair of underpants in
to a sphere shape and stitching in some Russian toilet paper (which is thick, wo
ol like gauze), this created a warmer environment for some tomato and basil seed
s to start to sprout. Like their socks, underwear is only changed every 3-4 days
so he figured the pants might provide some extra nutrients for the plants!
15. There is a dwarf planet named after an Easter island legend
Dwarf planet Makemake was discovered at Easter 2005. The Easter Island Moai figu
res were the inspiration for its name. Makemake in Rapa Nui mythology was the cr
eator of humanity and the god of fertility. He is also a feature in many rock an
d cave drawings on the island.
16. Nebulae come in all shapes and sizes
Nebula means cloud in Latin. These are areas in which stars are being created or
where a star has died. The cosmic clouds come in all shapes and sizes and are m
ade out of interstellar dust and gases. There is a Christmas tree nebula, a hors
ehead, a unicorn, a hand, fried egg and lots more. These beautiful clouds which
are not visible to the naked eye really highlight the fact there is a lot more h
appening in the night sky than you can see.

Unicorn in space. Otherwise known as the Trifid nebula, this stallar cloud is a
pillar of gas and dust. Credit: NASA, HST, WFPC2, J. Hester (Arizona St. U) et a
l.
Unicorn in space. Otherwise known as the Trifid nebula, this stallar cloud is a
pillar of gas and dust. (Image Credit: NASA, HST, WFPC2, J. Hester (Arizona St.
U) et al.)
17. The North Star will change eventually
The North Star used for navigation, a steady point in the night sky will change,

however not in our lifetime. The Earth is rotating like a spinning top and ther
efore the pole of our planet wobbles. Currently it points to Polaris but in the
year 13727 our Pole Star will be the star Vega, in the constellation of Lyra. Ve
ga was the also North Star in 12000BCE.
18. The Apollo crews did not have any life insurance.
On the chance that the 3 man crew of Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins did not retur
n safely from the moon, they were not covered by any life insurance policy. So b
efore their trip all 3 men signed photographs that could be sold in the event of
their death. These Insurance covers were also stamped and posted on the start d
ate of the mission, July 16th 1969 by a friend.
Before their mission to the moon. The Apollo 11 crew were in
sure they didn t get sick. During this time they signed lots
o act as life insurance for family. Credit: NASA.
Before their mission to the moon. The Apollo 11 crew were in
sure they didn t get sick. During this time they signed lots
o act as life insurance for family. Credit: NASA.
19. In space metal sticks together

quarantine to make
of photos and cards t
quarantine to make
of photos and cards t

In a vacuum like space, when two pieces of metal touch each other they bond toge
ther. This is a process called cold welding. On the Earth because of the oxygen
in our environment this does not happen naturally but it is used during some man
ufacturing processes. It is something to take into account but it is not usually
a problem as the astronaut s tools maintain an oxide layer even when leaving Eart
h.
20. The furthest manmade object is Voyager 1. It has messages for aliens on-boar
d.
In 1977, Voyager 1 and 2 were launched. Their primary mission was to visit Jupit
er and Saturn. Voyager 2 continued onto Uranus and Neptune; Voyager 1 has now ma
de its way into interstellar space. Voyager 1 is further away from Earth than th
e distance between the Sun and Pluto. Both craft carry a golden record on board,
which will act like a time-capsule of Earth. It has greetings from Earth as wel
l as different kinds of music. It also has noises of rocket engines, the sea, pe
ople talking, animal s sounds and lots of images. All of which sum up the Earth. U
nited States President Jimmy Carter said at the time This record represents our h
ope and our determination, and our good will in a vast and awesome universe. Thes
e messages have been recorded as electronic impulses which can be translated int
o written words. If any aliens find it then can enjoy some Louis Armstrong as we
ll some Peruvian panpipes!