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Journal2010 II Tbin
Journal2010 II Tbin
Burj Khalifa
Dubai
19611970
steel
19711980
19811990
World Trade Center
110
New York
Willis Tower
Chicago
Hong Kong
concrete
composite
19912000
mixed
20012010
West Tower
Guangzhou
100
Taipei 101
Shanghai
Taipei
John Hancock
Chicago
Trump International
Federation Towers
Chicago
Moscow
90
23 Marina
Dubai
Petronas Towers
Kuala Lumpur
Baiyoke Tower 2
Dubai Towers
Bangkok
Aon Center
Kaohsiung
80
Guangzhou
Columbia Center
Seattle
Landmark Tower
Chicago
Yokohoma
Wells Fargo
Houston
Lakepoint Tower
Chicago
Sunshine 60
Tokyo
Citicorp
Chicago
New York
Bank of America
Renaissance
Dallas
Atlanta
New York
Exxon Bldg
New York
1633 Broadway
Burj Al Arab
Two Liberty Place
Dubai
Philadelphia
Bank of America
New York
New York
Singapore
Hong Kong
Los Angeles
50
Melbourne
Hong Kong
Dubai
Rialto Towers
Aon Center
The Center
Hong Kong
Bank of China
Almas Tower
Chicago
60
Houston
Transamerica Pyramid
San Francisco
40
Daley Center
Chicago
hybrid
Structural Systems
20
4
15
10
19
7
Total
75
Notes:
(1) 75 of the tallest buildings completed between 1961
and 2010 were studied, with at least ten from each
decade. These buildings were all drawn from the twenty
tallest completed each decade.
Citic Plaza
70
No. of Buildings
framed tube
bundled tube
tube in tube
diagonalized
core + outrigger
hybrid
Doha
Chicago
No. of Stories
Jin Mao
Shanghai
Structural Systems
Structural Material Comparison of the 100 Tallest Buildings in the World each decade from 19602010
100
Office
Mixed
90
Residential
Other
80
Hotel
70
Notes:
(1) This study examines the structural material and
function of the 100 tallest buildings in the world at the
end of each decade since 1960.
60
50
40
30
20
10
1970
mixed
composite
steel
2000
concrete
mixed
concrete
1990
composite
steel
mixed
composite
steel
1980
concrete
mixed
concrete
composite
steel
mixed
composite
steel
1960
concrete
mixed
concrete
composite
steel
2010
New York
100
New York
Chicago
No. of Stories
80
Notes:
(1) Data for this graph is taken from CHO, H. W., ROH, S.
G., BYUN, Y. M. & YOM, K. S. (2004). Structural Quantity
Analysis of Tall Buildings, CTBUH Conference Tall
Buildings in Historical Cities Culture & Technology for
Sustainable Cities Seoul, October 1013, 2004.
60
40
20
50
100
150
200
250
300
88%
47%
1%
15%