RF Transmission Line Simulation and Design Tool

T.C.
BAHEEHR UNIVERSITY
RF TRANSMISSION LINE SIMULATION

AND
DESIGN TOOL
Capstone Project
Saliha Kaykun
Advisor: Ph.D.Babur Hadimioglu
STANBUL, 2011
T.C.
BAHEEHR UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
RF TRANSMISSIN LINE SIMULATION

AND
DESIGN TOOL
Capstone Project
Saliha Kaykun
Advisor:Ph.D. Babur Hadimioglu
STANBUL, 2011
T.C.
BAHEEHR UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Name of the project: Rf transmission line simulation and design tool
Name/Last Name of the Student: Saliha Kaykun
Date of Thesis Defense: 20/06/2011
I hereby state that the graduation project prepared by Saliha Kaykun has been
completed under my supervision. I accept this work as a Graduation Project.
20/06/2011
Babur Hadimioglu
I hereby state that I have examined this graduation project by Saliha Kaykun which
is accepted by his supervisor. This work is acceptable as a graduation project and the
student is eligible to take the graduation project examination.
20/06/2011
Asst. Prof. Cigdem Eroglu
We hereby state that we have held the graduation examination of Your Name and
agree that the student has satisfied all requirements.
THE EXAMINATION COMMITTEE
Committee Member
Signature
1. Babur Hadimioglu
..
2. ..
..
3. ..
..
ACADEMIC HONESTY PLEDGE
In keeping with Baheehir University Student Code of Conduct, I pledge that this work is
my own and that I have not received inappropriate assistance in its preparation.
I further declare that all resources in print or on the web are explicitly cited.
NAME
DATE
SIGNATURE
ii
ABSTRACT
RF TRANSMISSION LINE SIMLUATION AND DESIGN TOOLS

Saliha Kaykun
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Advisor:Ph.D. Babur Hadimioglu
JUNE, 2011, 43pages
This paper mentioned about radio frequency transmission line simulation and
design tool. Many graphics and non-graphics based tools have been developed to support
various
areas
of radio
frequency
and
microwave
engineering.
Radio
frequency
transmission line solutions are analyzed by various methods. In this Project, method is
Matlab GUI. This program is used, depending on the users request and to supply graphical
interface. This Project does Matlab GUI in solving the single stub, double stub problems
and solving single stub problems, as well as no matching network case. When the solution
of transmission line problems solving with Matlab GUI, it show Smith Chart and plot the
frequency and magnitude reflection coefficient. The using of Matlab GUI is common at the
market.
Key Words:
transmission line, simulation, matching network, single stub, double
stub, matlab GUI, design tool, Smith Chart
iii
ZET
RADYO FREKANS ARALIINDAK LETM HATLARININ SMULASYONU VE

ARA KUTUSU DZAYNI
Saliha Kaykun
Mhendislik Fakltesi
Elektrik-Elektronik Mhendislii Blm
Tez Danman: Babur Hadimioglu
HAZRAN,2011 ,43 sayfa
Bu raporda, radyo frekans iletim hatlarnn simlasyonu ve ara kutusu yapmaktan

bahsetmektedir.Bu projede,metod ise Matlab GUI dir.Bu program kullancsnn isteklerine
baldr ve grsel arayz salar. Radio frekans iletim hatlar;single stub,double stub ve
matching networksuzdur.Problemleri Matlab GUI de yapld. letim hatlarnn problem
zmlerini matlab GUI yardmyla, Smith chart ve frekans ve yansma katsays grafiiyle
gstermektedir.Matlab GUI piyasa da sk kullanlan bir programdr.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
iletim hatt, simlasyon, Smith Chart, empedans uydurma,
tek yan,ift yan,matlab GUI
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................................iii
ZET .................................................................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ vi
LIST OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................vii
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1
2. Modeling Transmission Lines............................................................................................ 1
2.1. Transmission Line.................................................................................................. 1
2.2. Matching Network ................................................................................................. 4
2.2.1 Single Stub ...................................................................................................... 5
2.2.1 Double Stub.. ..6
3. Simulation & Design Tool ................................................................................................. 7
4. Conclusion ............................................................................................... 19
APPENDIX A ...................................................................................................................... 20
APPENDIX B ...................................................................................................................... 21
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 43
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.Transmission Line Characteristics ............................................................................ 2
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Transmission Line .................................................................................................. 2
Figure 2. Load Impedance Formula ...................................................................................... 3
Figure 3. Input Impedance Due to a Line Terminated by a Load .......................................... 3
Figure 4. Matching Network .................................................................................................. 5
Figure 5. Single Shunt and Series Stub Circuited Short and Open........................................ 6
Figure 6. Double Shunt and Series Stub Circuited Short and Open ..................................... 7
Figure 7. Matlab GUI for Solving Transmission Line........................................................... 9
Figure 8. Solution for No Matching Network Case ............................................................... 9
Figure 9. No matching network case .................................................................................... 9
Figure 10. Single Shunt Stub Matlab GUI ........................................................................... 11
Figure 11. Solution 1 for Single Shunt Stub ........................................................................ 12
Figure 12. Solution 2 for Single Shunt Stub ........................................................................ 12
Figure 13. Solution for Single Shunt Stub .......................................................................... 12
Figure 14. Single Series Stub Matlab GUI .......................................................................... 14
Figure 15. Soluiton 1 for Single Series Stub........................................................................ 14
Figure 16. Solution 2 for Single Series Stub....................................................................... 15
Figure 17. Solution for Single Series Stub.......................................................................... 15
Figure 18. Double Shunt Stub Matlab GUI ......................................................................... 17
Figure 19. Solution 1& Solution 2 for Double Shunt Stub ................................................ 17
Figure 20. Solution for Double Shunt Stub ......................................................................... 18
vii
1. INTRODUCTION
This paper introduces radio frequency line simulation and design tool. This goal of
this project is to design a tool for transmission line. Also this project, I choose to use the
wide range of areas such communication and it has an abstract concept. When abstract
concepts changes concrete concepts, it is noteworthy. Transmission line is used for military
industry, communication, aerospace etc. Transmission lines are commonly used in power
distribution (low frequency) and in communications (high frequency).RF transmission
lines are high frequencies so I do not lumped element this project. Transmission line needs
analysis for use in these areas. Transmission line has some formulas. According to the case
and parameters, transmission line operates mathematically. Types of transmission line uses
coaxial line, two-wire line a parallel-plate etc. Particular transmission line uses coaxial
lines.
The
problem of transmission
lines
are
solved
using
circuit
theory
and
electromagnetic field theory. Transmission line is used to serve different purposes. I

consider how transmission lines are used for load matching and impedance measurements.
Types of matching network are single stub and double stub. Transmission line needs
analysis for use in these as a result of their, computer programmer is analyzed by. These
concepts are better proffered by attach modern tools, such as Matlab for a certain analysis
of the problem and the display of the outcomes. This paper focuses on the oncoming used
to manage projects for solving single stub and double stub transmission line problem with
the Smith Chart using the scripts that were developed by the user. Simulation is used to
confirm for accuracy. It is simulated by manual programs. Simulation is the theoretical into
practical tab. Construction phase of this project will continue as follows
Modeling Transmission line
Simulation & Design Tool
Conclusion
1. Modeling Transmission Lines
2.1 Transmission Line

A transmission line is a device designed to guide electrical energy from one point to
another [1]. Transmission lines are used for military industry, communication etc.
Transmission line problems are solved using electromagnetic field theory and electric
circuit theory. The type of transmission lines are coaxial cable, a two-wire line, a parallelplate, a microstrip plane etc. Transmission lines have circuit components. The line
parameters are resistance per unit length R, inductance per unit L, conductance per unit
length G, and capacitance per unit length C.
Figure1: Transmission Line
In this project, transmission lines are solved using parameters. This parameters are speed
(Vp/c), propagation constant ( ), phase constant ( ), length
impedance (
, and the characteristic
).Cases of transmission line are lossless and low-loss. A case is the low loss
transmission line, where the reactive elements still take over but R and G cannot be
neglected as in a loss-line. 50 ohms is the most commonly used characteristic impedance. I
use the formula of transmission line at figure2.
Table1: Transmission Line Characteristics

Load impedances parameters are R, C, L. Load impedance calculates series or parallel. Its
solving way is at figure 2
Figure 2: Load Impedance Formulas

Input impedance is solved by Thevenin's equivalent circuit of the electrical network and
input impedance has formulas for example, input impedance has two formulas.
Figure 3: Input impedance due to a line terminated by a load
The input impedance (Zin), at distance
from the load then. Its formulas are for
(Low Loss)
(1)
(Lossless)
(2)
For this formulas becomes showing that the input impedance varies periodically with
distance l from the load. The quantity Bl in usually referred to as the electrical length of
the line and can be expressed in degrees or radians. The reflection coefficient can be given
by the equations below, where Zo is the impedance toward the source; ZL is the impedance
toward the load: [2]
(3)
The standing wave ratio is the measurement of maximum voltage to minimize voltage on a
transmission line and measures the perfection of the termination of the line. A ratio of 1:1
describes a line terminated in its characteristic impedance.
(4)
The Smith Chart (Appendix A) is the most commonly used of graphical techniques in
solving high-frequency transmission line problems. Although there are a number of other
impedance and reflection coefficient chart that can be used for problems, the Smith chart is
probably the best known .The reflection coefficient is displayed graphically using a Smith
Chart. It is basically a graphical indication of the impedance of a transmission line as one
move along the line. The smith chart convert from the reflection coefficients to normalized
impedance and using the impedance circle printed on the chart. The locations of standing
wave ratio along the transmission line can be located using the Smith chart given that these
values correspond to specific impedance characteristics.
2.2 Matching Network

In many transmission-line applications, it is desired to match the load impedance to
the characteristic Impedance of the line and riddle reflections in order to maximize the
power delivered to the load and minimize signal distortion and noise. [3] In practice, the
impedance of a given load is different from the characteristic impedance of the
transmission line, and an additional impedance transformation network is needed to
achieve a matched load condition.
Factors in selection of a particular matching network
Complexity
Bandwidth
Implementation
Adjustability
Figure 4: Matching Network
Types of matching network are single stub, double stub, triple stub and quarterwave. In this project, I implemented two of matching network and I implemented single
stub and double stub. The transmission line actualizing the stub is normally completed by
an open or by a short. In many cases it is also it is suitable to choose the same
characteristic impedance used for the main line, though this is not necessary. The choice of
open or
shorted stub will be based on practice on factors. A short stub is tents to escape
of electromagnetic radiation. Otherwise, an open stub is more practical than short stub. I
selected to clear open circuited stub or short circuited stub.
2.2.1 Single Stub

A single open circuited or short circuited stub can connect in either parallel or series with
the line to achieve impedance matching. The tuner consists of open or shorted section of
transmission line of length
connected in parallel with the main line at some distance d
from the load as figure 5.
Figure 5: Single shunt and series stub circuited short and open
Two adjustable parameters are
The distance, d, from the load to the stub position
The value of susceptance or reactance provided by shunt or series stub

Single stub steps on Smith chart;
Locate the normalized load impedance ,ZL;
Draw the SWR circle and determine the line admittance
Move toward the load until you cross the r=1 circle
At this point ,the line admittance =1+jb
Add in a shunt load with input admittance=-jb
At this point ,the normalized admittance=1.Thus ,the line is matched the load
Single stub is a method of matching network. Single stub is to reactively load the line with
a shunt load rendering the net line impedance equal to the characteristic impedance. [4]
Matching can be supplied by adding two stubs at specified locations along transmission
line.
2.2.1 Double Stub

A double open circuited or short circuited stub can connect in either parallel or series with
the line to achieve impedance matching.
Figure 6: Double shunt and series stub circuited short and open
Double stub steps on Smith chart;
Locate the normalized load impedance ,ZL;
locate the corresponding admittance, yL ;

move yL d away from the load end to y1 ;
draw the rotated unit circle;
move along the resistance circle of y1 to the
interaction of the rotated unit circle, y2 ;
move along the resistance circle of y1 to the interaction of the rotated unit circle, y2
compute the first shortest length, l1 , based on the susceptance difference between
y1 and y2 ;
move y2 to y3 on the intended unit circle by rotating the rotated unit circle d
clockwise;
compute the second shortest length, l2 , based on the susceptance of y3 .
The double stub,which uses two tuning stubs in fixed positions,can be used.Such tuners are
often fabricated in coaxial line,with adjustable stubs connected in parallel to the main
coaxial line.Double stub tunner cannot match all load impedances.Shunt stub is
usually
easier to implement in practice than series stubs.
3. Simulation & Design Tool

Due to advancement of technology, RF transmission lines calculate easier.
These technologies are software programs. At this project, using of transmission lines will
be low- loss line and lossless. This work is range of radio frequency. Frequency range of
radio frequencies is a rate of oscillation in the range of about 30 kHz to 300 GHz. I made
simulation. In this project, I implemented analytic solution of matching network. It is
helped to make matlab program about solving in transmission line. After to understand
analytic solution, I wrote code script. When solving problems, I have used to reference
Microwave Engineering (David M. Pozar ) [4] for analytic solution. First of all; I place the
desired parameter on Matlab GUI. I design to connect using the transmission line
components. Then I write matlab coding m-file (Appendix B). This paper focuses on the
approach used to conduct projects for solving stub transmission line problem with the
Smith Chart using the scripts that were developed by the authors.
Example Program
A 0.0001m-long low-loss transmission line with Zo=50 ohm operating at 2 GHz is
terminated with a load ZL=60-j80 ohm. If Vp/c=0.6c on the line. The process is illustrated
starting with figure 7where complex value of ZL is indicated by the user. Depending upon
the input variables and selections made by user while defining the inputs for the selected
design, the appropriate parameters are calculated and displayed. The first result displayed
in this case figure7 is a plot of reflection coefficient versus frequency for each of the single
stub solutions that are possible. The final results are displayed in the Smith chart such as
figure 8. It is showed start frequency and stop frequency in smith chart by.
Figure 7: No matching network case
Figure 8: Solution for no matching network case
Figure 9: No matching network case solution
Single Shunt Stub Analytic Solution

To derive formulas for d and l , let the load impedance be written as ZL=1/YL=RL+jXL.
Then the impedance Z down a lenght d,of line from the load is
Where t=tand. The admittance at this point is
Where
Now d is chosen so that G=Yo=1/Zo. From this results is an quadratic equation for t;
If RL=Zo, then t=-XL/2Zo.Thus,the two principal solutions for d are
To find the required stub lengths, first use t find the stub susceptance, Bs=-B. Then, for an
open-circuited stub,
=
While for a short-circuited stub,
(
If the length given lo or ls is negative, /2 can be added to give a positive result.
Another Program Example

A single shunt stub short circuited matching network for a load impedance of ZL=60-j80
ohm is shown as an example. The line impedance is 50 ohm and design frequency is 2
Ghz. The process is illustrated starting with figure 10 where complex value of ZL is
indicated by the user. Depending upon the input variables and selections made by user
while defining the inputs for the selected design, the appropriate parameters are calculated
and displayed. The first result displayed in this case figure10 is a plot of reflection
coefficient versus frequency for each of the single stub solutions that are possible. The
final results are displayed in the Smith chart such as figure 11 and figure 12. It is showed
start frequency and stop frequency in smith chart by.
10
Figure 10: Single Shunt Stub Matlab GUI

The final result is showing the Smith chart
Figure 11: Solution 1 for Single Shunt Stub
11
Figure 12:Solution2 for Single Shunt Stub
Figure 13: Solution for Single Shunt Stub
Single Series Stub Analytic Solution

To derive formulas for d and l, let the load impedance be written as YL=1/ZL=GL+jBL.
Then the impedance Y down a lenght d,of line from the load is
Where t=tand. The admittance at this point is
12
Where
Now d is chosen so that R=Zo=1/Yo. From this results is an quadratic equation for t;
If RL=Zo, then t=-XL/2Zo.Thus,the two principal solutions for d are
To find the required stub lengths, first use t find the stub susceptance, Xs=-X. Then, for an
open-circuited stub,
=
While for a short-circuited stub,
(
If the length given lo or ls is negative, /2 can be added to give a positive result.

A single series stub matching network for a load impedance of ZL=100+j80 ohm is shown
as an example. The line impedance is 50 ohm and design frequency is 2 Ghz. The process
is illustrated starting with figure 14 where complex value of ZL is indicated by the user.
Depending upon the input variables and selections made by user while defining the inputs
for the selected design, the appropriate parameters are calculated and displayed. The first
result displayed in this case figure14 is a plot of reflection coefficient versus frequency for
each of the single stub solutions that are possible. The final results are displayed in the
13
Smith chart such as figure 15 and figure 16. It is showed start frequency and stop
frequency in smith chart by.
Figure 14: Single Series Stub Matlab GUI

The final result is showing the Smith chart
Figure 15: Solution 1 for single series stub
14
Figure 16: Solution 2 for single series stub
Figure 17: Solution for single series stub
Double Shunt Stub Analytic Solution
Where YL=GL+jBL; is load admittance and B1 is the susteptance of the first stub.After
transforming through a length d of transmission line,admittance just to the right of the
second stub is
15
Where t=tanBd and Yo=1/Zo.At this point,the real part of Y2 must equal Yo,which leads
to the equation
that can be matched for a given stub spacing, d. After d has been ,the first stub susceptance
can be determined from as
Then the second stub substance can be found from the negative of the imaginary part of to
be
The upper and lower signs in correspond to the same solution.the open circuited stub
length is found as
,
While the short circuited stub length is found as

(

A double parallel stub matching network for a load impedance of ZL=60-j80 ohm is shown
as an example. The line impedance is 50 ohm and design frequency is 2 Ghz. The process
is illustrated starting with figure 18 where complex value of ZL is indicated by the user.
Depending upon the input variables and selections made by user while defining the inputs
for the selected design, the appropriate parameters are calculated and displayed. The first
16
result displayed in this case figure18 is a plot of reflection coefficient versus frequency for
each of the single stub solutions that are possible. The final results are displayed in the
Smith chart such as figure 19. It is showed start frequency and stop frequency in smith
chart by.
Figure 18: Double Shunt Stub Matlab GUI
Figure 19: Solution1 & Solution 2 for double shunt stub
17
Figure 20: Solution for double shunt stub
18
4. Conclusion
For this project, I learned theorically about transmission line, matching network.
This
theoretical information,
learn
to
make
advantage
of the programs for
implementation. The end of project design a GUI-based tool to simulate in frequency

domain the input impedance of arbitrary series and parallel connection of transmission
lines and simple passive lumped components with in a user-defined frequency range. The
input impedance to should also be capable of synthesizing a matching network to
transform the input impedance level. Among the problems that can be solved by the
toolbox are no matching network case, the single stub and double stub problems. For these
problems, the stubs could be either open or short, but they must be in the shunt
configuration. The toolbox can be solving these problems either analytically or graphically.
The analytical method implements the design equations in the form of a single Matlab
command, while the graphical method completes the design process interactively on The
Smith Chart. The analytical method provides an exact solution to the problem and can
readily be embedded in a larger design program. When used as a graphical tool, the
toolbox is particularly valuable to those interested in learning more about transmission line
applications through visualization. A result of working code completed the goal.
19
APPENDIX A
20
APPENDIX B
Matlab M-file Coding(Matlab 2010 b)
function varargout=sonhal(varargin)
close all;
clear all;
clc;
fh = figure('Visible','on','Name','Transmission Line Tools',...
'MenuBar','none',....
'Color',[0.4 0.4 0.5],...
'Position', [520 383 839 417]);
ph= uipanel('Parent',fh,'Title','Transmission Line Parameters',... Transmission Line
parameters
'Units','pixels',....
'Position',[0 241 170 157]);
sth=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',...
Zo yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','Zo',....
'Position',[3 121 52 14]);
eth0=uicontrol(ph,'Style','edit',...
Zo yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme
'BackgroundColor',[1 1 1], ...
'String','50',...
'Position',[59 111 51 22]);
sth0=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',...
Zo yzeyine static text kutusu
'Units','pixels',...
'String','ohm',...
'Position',[112 110 52 16]);
sth1=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',... alpha yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','alpha',...
'Position',[3 88 52 14]);
eth1=uicontrol(ph,'Style','edit',...
alpha yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme
'String','0.0002',...
'Position',[59 78 51 22]);
sth11=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',...alpha yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','dB/m',...
'Position',[119 83 41 14]);
21
sth69=uicontrol(fh,'Style','text',...C GUI yzeyine static text kutusu

'String','Saliha Kaykun eee|student|istanbul|2011',...
'BackgroundColor',[0.4 0.4 0.5],...
'Position',[36 6 198 32]);
sth2=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',...lenght yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','Lenght',...
'Position',[3 55 52 14]);
eth2=uicontrol(ph,'Style','edit',... lenght GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme
'String','0.0001',...
'Position',[59 45 51 22]);
sth22=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',...lenght GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','m',...
'Position',[111 47 52 14]);
sth3=uicontrol(ph,'Style','text',...Vp GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','Vp/c',...
'Position',[3 22 52 14 ]);
eth3=uicontrol(ph,'Style','edit',... Vp GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme
'String','0.6',...
'Position',[59 12 51 22]);
ph1 = uipanel('Parent',fh,'Title','Load Impedance',... Load Impedance
'Position',[170 241 194 157]);
bgh = uibuttongroup(ph1,'Title','',... Load Impedance
'Position',[3 93 187 43]);
rbh1 = uicontrol(bgh,'Style','radiobutton','String','Series',...Series
'Units','pixels',... ekleme
'Position',[5 4 87 23]);
rbh2 = uicontrol(bgh,'Style','radiobutton','String','Parallel',... Paralel
'Position',[95 5 87 24]);
sth4=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','text',...C GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','C',...
'Position',[3 49 52 14]);
eth4=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','edit',... C GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme
'String','0.995',...
'Position',[64 40 51 22]);
22
sth44=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','text',...C GUI yzeyine static text kutusu

'String','pF',...
'Position',[119 42 52 14]);
sth5=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','text',...R GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','R',...
'Position',[ 4 74 52 14]);
eth5=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','edit',... R GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme
'String','60',...
'Position',[64 65 51 22]);
sth55=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','text',...R GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','ohm',...
'Position',[119 68 52 14]);
sth6=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','text',...L GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','L',...
'Position',[4 24 52 15]);
eth6=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','edit',... L GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme
'String','0.0004',...
'Position',[64 15 51 22]);
sth66=uicontrol(ph1,'Style','text',...L GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','nH',...
'Position',[119 18 52 14]);
ph2 = uipanel('Parent',fh,'Title','Matching Network',... Matching network
'Position',[365 241 447 162]);
bgh2 = uibuttongroup(ph2,'Title','',...
'Position',[5 87 81 57]);
rbh3 = uicontrol(bgh2,'Style','radiobutton','String','Yes',...Yes
'Position',[8 8 60 23]);
rbh4 = uicontrol(bgh2,'Style','radiobutton','String','No',... No
'Position',[9 30 60 23]);
bgh61 = uibuttongroup(ph2,'Title','',...
'Position',[94 87 103 59]);
rbh31 = uicontrol(bgh61,'Style','radiobutton','String','Single Stub',...Yes
'Position',[9 32 87 23]);
23
rbh32 = uicontrol(bgh61,'Style','radiobutton','String','Double Stub',... No

'Position',[8 8 87 23]);
bgh3 = uibuttongroup(ph2,'Title','Single Stub',... Single Stub
'Position',[201 75 210 81]);
bgh4= uibuttongroup(bgh3,'Title','',...
'Position',[6 10 118 54]);
rbh6 = uicontrol(bgh4,'Style','radiobutton','String','Series',...Series
'Position',[6 28 62 23]);
rbh7 = uicontrol(bgh4,'Style','radiobutton','String','Parallel',... Paralel
'Position',[6 5 61 23]);
'Position',[135 11 66 53]);
rbh8 = uicontrol(bgh5,'Style','radiobutton','String','Open',...Open
'Position',[8 25 53 25]);
rbh9 = uicontrol(bgh5,'Style','radiobutton','String','Short',... Short
'Position',[9 6 54 24]);
bgh79 = uibuttongroup(ph2,'Title','Double Stub',... Double Stub
'Position',[4 4 433 82]);
bgh52= uibuttongroup(bgh79,'Title','',... Double Stub
'Position',[6 10 96 50]);
rbh20 = uicontrol(bgh52,'Style','radiobutton','String','Series',...Series
'Position',[3 24 87 23]);
rbh21 = uicontrol(bgh52,'Style','radiobutton','String','Parallel',... Paralel
'Position',[4 2 87 23]);
'Position',[114 9 77 53]);
rbh43 = uicontrol(bgh28,'Style','radiobutton','String','Open',...Open
'Position',[6 28 63 23]);
rbh53 = uicontrol(bgh28,'Style','radiobutton','String','Short',... Short
'Position',[6 5 62 24]);
sth7=uicontrol(bgh79,'Style','text',...
d yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','d',....
24
'Position',[195 29 35 15]);
eth7=uicontrol(bgh79,'Style','edit',...
d yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme
'String','0.125',...
'Position',[232 24 51 22]);
sth77=uicontrol(bgh79,'Style','text',...
d yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','lambda',...
'Position',[288 30 44 14]);
'Position',[340 10 80 52]);
rbh10 = uicontrol(bgh35,'Style','radiobutton','String','Short',...Short
'Position',[4 27 61 23]);
rbh11 = uicontrol(bgh35,'Style','radiobutton','String','Open',... Open
'Position',[6 6 60 23]);
ph3= uipanel('Parent',fh,... GUI yzeyine panel ekleme
'Position',[0 84 201 144]);
sth8=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...fmatches GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','fmatches',...
'Position',[19 104 52 14]);
eth8=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','edit',... fmatches GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme
'String','2',...
'Position',[84 103 51 22]);
sth88=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...fmatches GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','Ghz',...
'Position',[136 105 52 14]);
sth9=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...fstart GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','fstart',...
'Position',[17 73 52 14]);
eth9=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','edit',... fstart GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme
'String','1',...
'Position',[84 70 51 22]);
sth99=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...fstart GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','Ghz',...
'Position',[136 72 52 14]);
25
sth10=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...fstop GUI yzeyine static text kutusu

'String','fstop',...
'Position',[21 46 52 14]);
eth10=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','edit',... fstop GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme
'String','3',...
'Position',[84 37 51 22]);
sth100=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...fstop GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','Ghz',...
'Position',[136 38 52 14]);
sth11=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','text',...#of points GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','number of points',...
'Position',[0 9 81 28]);
eth11=uicontrol(ph3,'Style','edit',... #of points GUI yzeyine edit kutusu ekleme
'String','11',...
'Position',[84 4 51 22]);
ah = axes('Parent',fh,...
GRAFIK CIZIMI
'Position',[337 57 351 160]);
pbh1=uicontrol(fh,'Style','pushbutton','String','RUN',... RUN
'Callback',@pbh1_Callback,...
'Position',[249 6 151 32]);
pbh2= uicontrol(fh,'Style','pushbutton','String','EXIT',... EXIT
'Units','pixels',...ekleme
'Callback',@pbh2_Callback,...
'Position',[600 8 151 30]);
sth69=uicontrol(fh,'Style','text',...C GUI yzeyine static text kutusu
'String','Saliha Kaykun eee|student|istanbul|2011',...
'BackgroundColor',[0.4 0.4 0.5],...
'Position',[36 6 198 32]);
handle_list=[ph,sth,eth0,sth0,sth1,eth1,sth11,sth2,...
eth2,sth22,sth3,eth3,....
ph1,bgh,rbh1,rbh2,sth5,eth5,sth55,sth4,eth4,sth44,sth6,eth6,sth66,...
ph2,bgh2,rbh4,rbh3,bgh61,rbh31,rbh32,bgh3,bgh4,rbh6,rbh7,bgh5,rbh8,rbh9,...
bgh79,bgh52,rbh20,rbh21,bgh28,rbh43,rbh53,sth7,eth7,sth77,bgh35,rbh10,rbh11,...
ph3,sth8,eth8,sth88,sth9,eth9,sth99,sth10,eth10,sth100,sth11,sth69,eth11,...
ah,pbh1,pbh2];
set(handle_list,'units','normalized')
function smithc
figure;
26
phase=0:0.1:2*pi+0.1;
for r=0:0.5:2
z = (r/(r+1) + 1/(r+1)*exp(j*phase));
plot(z,'Linewidth', 1);
hold on;
end
max_phase=[0.93 1.57 1.97];
for x=1:3
k=max_phase(x);
phase=-k:0.01:0;
x=x*0.5;
z=((x+1)/x - 1/x*exp(j*phase))*j+1-j;
plot(z, 'Linewidth', 1);
hold on;
end
for x=-3:-1
k=max_phase(-1*x);
x=x*0.5;
phase=0:0.01:k;
plot(z, 'Linewidth', 1);
hold on
end
axis('equal');
axis('off');
plot([-1 1],[0 0]);
hold on;
max_phase=[0.85, 0.79, 0.73, 0.69];
c=1;
for r=0.1:0.1:0.4
k=max_phase(c);
phase=pi-k:0.01:pi+k;
z = (r/(r+1) + 1/(r+1)*exp(j*phase));
plot(z,'b');
c=c+1;
hold on;
end
max_phase=[0.2, 0.395, 0.58, 0.76 ];
min_phase=[0.132, 0.265, 0.395, 0.52 ];
for x=1:4
k=max_phase(x);
d=min_phase(x);
phase=-k:0.002:-d;
x=x*0.1;
plot(z);
hold on;
27
z2=real(z)-j*imag(z);
plot(z2);
end
title('Smith Chart for Znorm=R+jX');
text(0.39, 0.95,'X=1.5'); %Gives the values of circles on the Chart.
text(0.02,0.95,'X=1');
text(-0.59,0.8,'X=0.5');
text(0.39, -0.95,'X=-1.5');
text(0.02,-0.95,'X=-1');
text(-0.59,-0.8,'X=-0.5');
text(-0.98,0.05,'0');
text(0.02,0.05,'1');
text(-0.32,0.05,'0.5');
text(0.42,0.05,'2');
end
function pbh1_Callback(Object, eventdata, handle_list)
Zo=str2double(get(eth0,'string'));
alpha=str2double(get(eth1,'string'));
lenght=str2double(get(eth2,'string'));
Vp=str2double(get(eth3,'string'));
C=str2double(get(eth4,'string'));
R=str2double(get(eth5,'string'));
L=str2double(get(eth6,'string'));
fmatches=str2double(get(eth8,'string'));
fstart=str2double(get(eth9,'string'));
fstop=str2double(get(eth10,'string'));
numberofpoints=str2double(get(eth11,'string'));
d=str2double(get(eth7,'string'));
Beta1=(2*pi*fmatches*1e9)/(Vp*3e8);
fstep=(fstop-fstart)/(numberofpoints-1);
f=(fstart:fstep:fstop);
w2=2*pi*f ;
w1=2*pi*fmatches;
Beta2=(2*pi.*f*1e9)./(Vp*3e8);
lambda=(2*pi)/Beta1;
gamma=(alpha/8.686)+(j*Beta2);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%LOAD
IMPEDANCE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%
impedance=get(rbh1,'value');
switch impedance
case 1
%SERIES
ZL1=(R+(j*w1*L)+(1/(j*w1*C*1e-3))); %%%matching network var
ZL2=(R+(j*w2.*L)+(1./(j*w2.*C*1e-3))); %%%matching network yok
fprintf('%10.4g+ %10.4fi ZLoad \n',real(ZL1),imag(ZL1)); .........ORNEK SADECE
28
case 0
%PARALLEL
ZL1=1/((1/R)+(1/(j*w1*L))+(j*w1*C*1e-3));
%%%matching network yok
ZL2=1./(1/R+(1./(j*w2.*L))+(j*w2.*C*1e-3));
%%%matching network yok
fprintf('%5.4g+ %5.4fi ZLoad \n',real(ZL1),imag(ZL1)); .........ORNEK SADECE
end
Zin1=Zo*(ZL1+(j*Zo*tan(Beta1*lenght)))/(Zo+j*ZL1*tan(Beta1*lenght)); %matching
network yok
Zin2=Zo*(ZL2+Zo.*tanh(gamma*lenght))./(Zo+(ZL2.*tanh(gamma*lenght)));
%matching network varsay
Yin1=1/Zin1;
Yin2=1./Zin2;
Yo=1./Zo;
matching=get(rbh4,'value');
switch matching
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%
% % % %%%% No
MATCHING%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%
case 1
reflection=(Zin2-Zo)./(Zin2+Zo);
SWR=(1+abs(reflection))./(1-abs(reflection));
zL=Zin2./Zo;
fprintf('%d reflection(fstart)\n',abs(reflection(fstart))); .........reflection
plot(f,abs(reflection),'ro--');
legend('solution ',0);
xlabel('f*1e9');
ylabel('|\Gamma|');
smithc;
for n=1:length(Zin2)
plot(real(reflection(n)), imag(reflection(n)),'yellow*');
end;
a=nearest((Zin2(fstart))/Zo);
plot(real(reflection(fstart)), imag(reflection(fstart)),'whiteo','Linewidth',6);
k=text(real(reflection(fstart))+0.02, imag(reflection(fstart))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(a)]);
k=text(real(reflection(fstart))+0.15, imag(reflection(fstart))+0.15, ['fstart=',
num2str(fstart)]);
set (k, 'BackgroundColor', 'w');
b=nearest((Zin2(n))/Zo);
plot(real(reflection(n)), imag(reflection(n)),'blacko','Linewidth',6);
e=text(real(reflection(n))+0.02, imag(reflection(n))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(b)]);
e=text(real(reflection(n))+0.15, imag(reflection(n))+0.15, ['fstop=', num2str(fstop)]);
set (e, 'BackgroundColor', 'w');
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%
% % % %%%%MATCHING
NETWORK%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
29
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%
case 0
sstub=get(rbh31,'value');
switch sstub
case 1
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%
% % % %%%%SINGLE STUB%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%
series=get(rbh6,'value');
switch series
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % % % % % % SERIES
% % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
case 1
GL = real(Yin1);
BL = imag(Yin1);
Zin1=1./Yo;
if (GL==Yo),
t1 = -BL./(2*Yo);
t2=t1;
else
t1 = (BL+sqrt(GL.*((Yo-GL).^2+BL.^2)./Yo))./(GL-Yo);
t2 = (BL-sqrt(GL.*((Yo-GL).^2+BL.^2)./Yo))./(GL-Yo);
end
if (t1 >= 0),
D1=lambda./2./pi.*atan(t1);
else
D1=lambda./2./pi.*(pi+atan(t1));
end;
if (t2 >= 0),
D2=lambda./2./pi.*atan(t2);
else
D2=lambda./2./pi.*(pi+atan(t2));
end;
X1 = (GL.^2.*t1-(Yo-BL.*t1).*(BL+Yo.*t1))./(Yo.*(GL.^2+(BL+Yo.*t1).^2));
X2 = (GL.^2.*t2-(Yo-BL.*t2).*(BL+Yo.*t2))./(Yo.*(GL.^2+(BL+Yo.*t2).^2));
singlestub=get(rbh8,'value'); %%%%% Single stub open short hali
switch singlestub
case 0 %%%sghort
L1 =-(lambda./2./pi.*atan(X1./Zin1));
L2 =-(lambda./2./pi.*atan(X2./Zin1));
case 1 %
L1 =lambda./2./pi.*atan(Zin1./X1);
L2 =lambda./2./pi.*atan(Zin1./X2);
end;
30
if (L1 < 0),

L1 = L1 + lambda./2;
end;
if (L2 < 0),
end;
fprintf('%d d2 Solution 1\n',D2./lambda);
fprintf('%d L2 Solution 1 \n',L2./lambda);
fprintf('%d d1 Solution2 \n',D1./lambda);
Ztline1=(Yo+(j*Yin2.*tan(Beta2.*D1)))./(Yo.*(Yin2+(j*Yo.*tan(Beta2.*D1))));
Ztline2=(Yo+(j*Yin2.*tan(Beta2.*D2)))./(Yo.*(Yin2+(j*Yo.*tan(Beta2.*D2))));
switch singlestub
case 1 %%%Short
Zstub1=(-(j*cot(Beta2.*L1))./Yo);
Zstub2=(-(j*cot(Beta2.*L2))./Yo);
case 0 %%%open
Zstub1=(j*tan(Beta2.*L1)./Yo);
Zstub2=(j*tan(Beta2.*L2)./Yo);
end;
Z1=Ztline1+Zstub1;
Z2=Ztline2+Zstub2;
reflection3=(Z1- Zo)./(Z1+Zo);
reflection4=(Z2- Zo)./(Z2+Zo);
SWR3=(1+abs(reflection3))./(1-abs(reflection3));
plot(f,abs(reflection3),'k*:',f,abs(reflection4),'rs--');
% fprintf('%5.4g+ i%5.4f Z1\n',real(Z1),imag(Z1)); .........ORNEK SADECE
% fprintf('%5.4g+ i%5.4f Z2\n',real(Z2),imag(Z2)); .........ORNEK SADECE
xlabel('f*1e9');
ylabel('|\Gamma|');
legend('solution 1','solution 2',0);
%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % % % % % % Smith Chart ta Gosterimi
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
smithc;
for n=1:length(Z1)
plot(real(reflection3(n)), imag(reflection3(n)),'yellow*');
end;
a=nearest((Z1(fstart))/Zo);
plot(real(reflection3(fstart)), imag(reflection3(fstart)),'whiteo','Linewidth',6);
k=text(real(reflection3(fstart))+0.02, imag(reflection3(fstart))+0.02, ['zin2=',
num2str(a)]);
k=text(real(reflection3(fstart))+0.15, imag(reflection3(fstart))+0.15, ['fstart=',
num2str(fstart)]);
b=nearest((Z1(n))/Zo);
31
plot(real(reflection3(n)), imag(reflection3(n)),'black*','Linewidth',6);
e=text(real(reflection3(n))+0.02, imag(reflection3(n))+0.02, ['zin2=', num2str(b)]);
e=text(real(reflection3(n))+0.15, imag(reflection3(n))+0.15, ['fstop=', num2str(fstop)]);
smithc;
for n=1:length(Z2)
end;
t=nearest((Z2(fstart))/Zo);
g=text(real(reflection4(fstart))+0.02, imag(reflection4(fstart))+0.02, ['zin2=',
num2str(t)]);
g=text(real(reflection4(fstart))+0.15, imag(reflection4(fstart))+0.15, ['fstart=',
num2str(fstart)]);
set (g, 'BackgroundColor', 'w');
b=nearest((Z2(n))/Zo);
o=text(real(reflection4(n))+0.06, imag(reflection4(n))+0.06, ['zin2=', num2str(b)]);
o=text(real(reflection4(n))+0.15, imag(reflection4(n))+0.15, ['fstop=', num2str(fstop)]);
set (o, 'BackgroundColor', 'w');
%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % % % % % % PARALLEL %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
case 0
%Parallel
RL = real(Zin1);
XL = imag(Zin1);
Yin1=1./Zo;
if (RL== Zo),
t1 = -XL./(2*Zo);
t2=t1;
else
t1 = (XL+sqrt(RL.*((Zo-RL).^2+XL.^2)./Zo))./(RL- Zo);
t2 = (XL-sqrt(RL.*((Zo-RL).^2+XL.^2)./Zo))./(RL-Zo);
end;
if (t1 >= 0),
D1 = lambda./2./pi.*atan(t1);
else
D1 =lambda./2./pi.*(pi+atan(t1));
end;
if (t2 >= 0),
D2 = lambda./2./pi.*atan(t2);
else
D2 = lambda./2./pi.*(pi+atan(t2));
end;
B1 = (RL.^2.*t1-(Zo-XL.*t1).*(XL+Zo.*t1))./(Zo.*(RL.^2+(XL+Zo.*t1).^2));
B2 = (RL.^2.*t2-(Zo-XL.*t2).*(XL+Zo.*t2))./(Zo.*(RL.^2+(XL+Zo.*t2).^2));
% fprintf('%d X1\n',B1);
% fprintf('%d X2\n',B2);
32
singlestub=get(rbh8,'value'); %%%%%%Single stub open short hali

switch singlestub
case 1 %%%Open
L1 = -lambda./2./pi.*atan(B1./Yin1);
L2 = -lambda./2./pi.*atan(B2./Yin1);
case 0 %%%short
L1 = lambda./2./pi.*atan(Yin1./B1);
L2 = lambda./2./pi.*atan(Yin1./B2);
end;
if (L1 < 0),
end;
if (L2 < 0),
end;
fprintf('%d d1 Solution1 \n',D1./lambda);
fprintf('%d d2 Solution 2\n',D2./lambda);
Ytline1=(Zo+(j*Zin2.*tan(Beta2.*D1)))./(Zo.*(Zin2+j*Zo.*tan(Beta2.*D1)));
Ytline2=(Zo+(j*Zin2.*tan(Beta2.*D2)))./(Zo.*(Zin2+j*Zo.*tan(Beta2.*D2)));
switch singlestub
case 1 %%%Open
Ystub1=(j*tan(Beta2.*L1))./Zo;
Ystub2=(j*tan(Beta2.*L2))./Zo;
case 0 %%%short
Ystub1=1./(j*tan(Beta2.*L1)*Zo);
Ystub2=1./(j*tan(Beta2.*L2)*Zo);
end;
Z1=Ytline1+Ystub1;
Z2=Ytline2+Ystub2;
Y1=1./Z1;
Y2=1./Z2;
reflection1=(Y1-Zo)./(Y1+Zo);
reflection2=(Y2-Zo)./(Y2+Zo);
xlabel('f*1e9');
ylabel('|\Gamma|');
%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
smithc;
for n=1:length(Y1)
33
end;
a=nearest((Y1(fstart))/Zo);
num2str(a)]);
num2str(fstart)]);
b=nearest((Y1(n))/Zo);
smithc;
for n=1:length(Y2)
end;
t=nearest((Y2(fstart))/Zo);
num2str(t)]);
num2str(fstart)]);
b=nearest((Y2(n))/Zo);
end
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%
% % % %%%%Double STUB%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%% %
case 0
dstub=get(rbh20,'value'); %%%Double Stub %SERIES
switch dstub
case 1 %SERIES
zL = Zin1/Zo;
yL = 1/zL;
rL = real(zL);
xL = imag(zL);
t = tan(2*pi*d);
b = sqrt(rL*(1+t^2)-rL^2*t^2);
X1 = -xL + ((1 + b)/t);
X11 = -xL + ((1-b)/t);
X2 = (b + rL)/(rL*t);
34
X22 = (-b + rL)/(rL*t);

open=get(rbh43,'value'); %%%Double Stub
switch open
case 1 %D1 OPEN
d1 = atan(1./X1)/(2*pi) ;
d2 = atan(1./X11)/(2*pi) ;
if (d2 < 0),
d2 = d2 + 1/2;
end;
if (d1 < 0),
d1 = d1 + 1/2;
end;
Zstub1=j*tan(Beta1*d1*lambda);
Zstub11=j*tan(Beta1*d2*lambda);
Z1=zL+Zstub1;
Z11=zL+Zstub11;
open2=get(rbh11,'value'); %%%Double Stub
switch open2
case 1
%D2 OPEN
d11 = atan(1./X2)/(2*pi) ;
d22= atan(1./X22)/(2*pi) ;
if (d22 < 0),
d22= d22 + 1/2;
end;
if (d11 < 0),
d11= d11+ 1/2;
end;
Z2=(Z1+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Z1*tan(Beta1*d*lambda));
ZA1 = Z2+j*tan(Beta2.*d11*lambda);
case 0 % D2 SHORT
d11 =atan(X2)./(2*pi) ;
d22 =atan(X22)./(2*pi) ;
if (d22 < 0),
d22= d22 + 1/2;
end
if (d11< 0),
d11= d11 + 1/2;
end
ZA1 = Z2-j*cot(Beta2.*d11*lambda);
ZA11 = Z22 -j*cot(Beta2.*d22*lambda);
end
case 0 % D1 SHORT
d1 = atan(X1)/(2*pi) ;
d2=atan(X11)/(2*pi) ;
35
if (d2 < 0),

d2 = d2 + 1/2;
end;
if (d1 < 0),
d1 = d1 + 1/2;
end;
if (d2 < 0),
d2 = d2 + 1/2;
end;
Zstub1=-j*cot(Beta1*d1*lambda);
Zstub11=-j*cot(Beta1*d2*lambda);
Z1=zL+Zstub1;
Z11=zL+Zstub11;
switch open2
case 1
%D2 OPEN
d11 = atan(1./X2)/(2*pi) ;
d22=atan(1./X22)/(2*pi) ;
if (d22 < 0),
d22= d22 + 1/2;
end;
if (d11 < 0),
d11= d11 + 1/2;
end;
case 0 % D2 Short
d11 =atan(X2)./(2*pi) ;
d22 =atan(X22)./(2*pi) ;
if (d22 < 0),
d22= d22 + 1/2;
end;
if (d11 < 0),
d11= d11 + 1/2;
end;
end
end
fprintf('%d d1Solution 1 \n',d1);
fprintf('%dd11 Solution 1 \n',d11);
fprintf('%d d2 Solution 2\n',d2);
fprintf('%d d22 Solution 2 \n',d22);
YA1=1./ZA1;
36
YA11=1./ZA11;
reflection1=(YA1-Zo)./(YA1+Zo);
reflection2=(YA11-Zo)./(YA11+Zo);
xlabel('f*1e9');
ylabel('|\Gamma|');
%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
smithc;
for n=1:length(YA1)
end;
a=nearest((YA1(fstart))/Zo);
num2str(a)]);
num2str(fstart)]);
b=nearest((YA1(n))/Zo);
zoom;
smithc;
for n=1:length(YA11)
end;
t=nearest((YA11(fstart))/Zo);
num2str(t)]);
num2str(fstart)]);
b=nearest((YA11(n))/Zo);
zoom;
%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%
37
% % % % % % % PARALLEL %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
case 0
zL = Zin1/Zo;
yL = 1/zL;
gL = real(yL);
bL = imag(yL);
t = tan(2*pi*d);
b = sqrt(gL*(1+t^2)-gL^2*t^2);
B1 = -bL + ((1 + b)/t);
B11 = -bL + ((1-b)/t);
B2 = (b + gL)/(gL*t);
B22 = (-b + gL)/(gL*t);
open=get(rbh43,'value'); %%%Double Stub
switch open
case 1 %D1 OPEN
d1 = atan(B1)/(2*pi) ;
d2 = atan(B11)/(2*pi) ;
if (d2 < 0),
d2 = d2 + 1/2;
end;
if (d1 < 0),
d1 = d1 + 1/2;
end;
Ystub1=j*tan(Beta1*d1*lambda);
Ystub11=j*tan(Beta1*d2*lambda);
Y1=yL+Ystub1;
Y11=yL+Ystub11;
switch open2
case 1
%D2 OPEN
d11 = atan(B2)/(2*pi) ;
d22= atan(B22)/(2*pi) ;
if (d22 < 0),
d22= d22 + 1/2;
end;
if (d11 < 0),
d11= d11 + 1/2;
end
Y2=(Y1+j*tan(Beta1*d*lambda))/(1+j*Y1*tan(Beta1*d*lambda));
YA1 = Y2+j*tan(Beta2.*d11*lambda);
case 0 % D2 SHORT
d11 =-atan(1./B2)./(2*pi) ;
d22 =-atan(1./B22)./(2*pi) ;
if (d22 < 0),
d22= d22 + 1/2;
38
end
if (d11 < 0),
d11= d11 + 1/2;
end
YA1 = Y2-j*cot(Beta2.*d11*lambda);
YA11 = Y22 -j*cot(Beta2.*d22*lambda);
end
case 0 % D1 SHORT
d1 = -atan(1./B1)./(2*pi) ;
d2 =-atan(1./B11)./(2*pi) ;
if (d2 < 0),
d2 = d2 + 1/2;
end;
if (d1 < 0),
d1 = d1 + 1/2;
end;
Ystub1=-j*cot(Beta1*d1*lambda);
Ystub2=-j*cot(Beta1*d2*lambda);
Y1=yL+Ystub1;
Y11=yL+Ystub2;
switch open2
case 1
%D2 OPEN
d11 = atan(B2)./(2*pi) ;
d22= atan(B22)./(2*pi) ;
if (d22 < 0),
d22= d22 + 1/2;
end;
if (d11 < 0),
d11= d11 + 1/2;
end;
case 0 % D2 Short
d11 =-atan(1./B2)./(2*pi) ;
d22 =-atan(1./B22)./(2*pi) ;
if (d22 < 0),
d22= d22 + 1/2;
end;
if (d11 < 0),
d11= d11 + 1/2;
end;
39
end
end
fprintf('%d d1Solution 1 \n',d1);
fprintf('%dd11 Solution 1 \n',d11);
fprintf('%d d2 Solution 2\n',d2);
fprintf('%d d22 Solution 2 \n',d22);
ZA1=1./YA1;
ZA11=1./YA11;
reflection1=(ZA1-Zo)./(ZA1+Zo);
reflection2=(ZA11-Zo)./(ZA11+Zo);
xlabel('f*1e9');
ylabel('|\Gamma|');
%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % % % % % % PARALLELin SONU
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
smithc;
for n=1:length(ZA1)
end;
a=nearest((ZA1(fstart))/Zo);
num2str(a)]);
num2str(fstart)]);
b=nearest((ZA1(n))/Zo);
zoom;
smithc;
for n=1:length(ZA11)
end;
t=nearest((ZA11(fstart))/Zo);
num2str(t)]);
40

num2str(fstart)]);
b=nearest((ZA11(n))/Zo);
zoom;
end %Double Stub n endi
end %%Matching end i
%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % % % % % % Smith Chart %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% % % % % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
end
end
function pbh2_Callback(Object, eventdata, handle_list)
close(fh);
clc;
clear all;
close all;
end
end
41
42
REFERENCES
1. Introduction to wave propagation, transmission lines and antennas, NAVAL
EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND
TECHNOLOGY CENTER CONTENTS, 1998
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflection_coefficient(27.05.2011)
3. Fundamentals of Engineering Electromagnetics, Rajeev Bansal , 2006
4. Microwave Engineering ,David M. Pozar, third edition,2005
5. Graphics and GUIs with MATLAB, Patrick Marchand and O. Thomas,third
edition,2003
43

RF Transmission Line Simulation and Design Tool

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

RF Transmission Line Simulation and Design Tool

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

T.C.

RF TRANSMISSION LINE SIMULATION

Advisor: Ph.D.Babur Hadimioglu

RF TRANSMISSIN LINE SIMULATION

Advisor:Ph.D. Babur Hadimioglu

ACADEMIC HONESTY PLEDGE

RF TRANSMISSION LINE SIMLUATION AND DESIGN TOOLS

JUNE, 2011, 43pages

transmission line, simulation, matching network, single stub, double

stub, matlab GUI, design tool, Smith Chart

RADYO FREKANS ARALIINDAK LETM HATLARININ SMULASYONU VE

Bu raporda, radyo frekans iletim hatlarnn simlasyonu ve ara kutusu yapmaktan

iletim hatt, simlasyon, Smith Chart, empedans uydurma,

tek yan,ift yan,matlab GUI

electromagnetic field theory. Transmission line is used to serve different purposes. I

1. Modeling Transmission Lines

2.1 Transmission Line

Figure1: Transmission Line

, and the characteristic

Table1: Transmission Line Characteristics

Figure 2: Load Impedance Formulas

Figure 3: Input impedance due to a line terminated by a load

The input impedance (Zin), at distance

from the load then. Its formulas are for

2.2 Matching Network

Figure 4: Matching Network

2.2.1 Single Stub

connected in parallel with the main line at some distance d

from the load as figure 5.

The value of susceptance or reactance provided by shunt or series stub

2.2.1 Double Stub

locate the corresponding admittance, yL ;

easier to implement in practice than series stubs.

3. Simulation & Design Tool

Figure 7: No matching network case

Figure 8: Solution for no matching network case

Figure 9: No matching network case solution

Single Shunt Stub Analytic Solution

Where t=tand. The admittance at this point is

If RL=Zo, then t=-XL/2Zo.Thus,the two principal solutions for d are

If the length given lo or ls is negative, /2 can be added to give a positive result.

Another Program Example

Figure 10: Single Shunt Stub Matlab GUI

Figure 11: Solution 1 for Single Shunt Stub

Figure 12:Solution2 for Single Shunt Stub

Figure 13: Solution for Single Shunt Stub

Single Series Stub Analytic Solution

Where t=tand. The admittance at this point is

If RL=Zo, then t=-XL/2Zo.Thus,the two principal solutions for d are

If the length given lo or ls is negative, /2 can be added to give a positive result.

Another Program Example

Figure 14: Single Series Stub Matlab GUI

Figure 15: Solution 1 for single series stub

Figure 16: Solution 2 for single series stub

Figure 17: Solution for single series stub

Double Shunt Stub Analytic Solution

While the short circuited stub length is found as

Another Program Example

Figure 18: Double Shunt Stub Matlab GUI

Figure 19: Solution1 & Solution 2 for double shunt stub

Figure 20: Solution for double shunt stub

of the programs for

implementation. The end of project design a GUI-based tool to simulate in frequency

sth69=uicontrol(fh,'Style','text',...C GUI yzeyine static text kutusu