Brahma

This article is about the Hindu God of creation. For the concept of multiple universe as every Brahm creates
other uses, see Brahma (disambiguation).
his Bhramand (universe) for one Brahm year.
Brahm (/brm/; Brahm) is the Hindu god (deva)
of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva. According to the Brahma Purana, he is the father of Manu, and from Manu all human beings are descended. In the Ramayana and the
Mahabharata, he is often referred to as the progenitor
or great grandsire of all human beings. He is not to
be confused with the Supreme Cosmic Spirit in Hindu
Vednta philosophy known as Brahman, which is genderless. Brahm's wife is Saraswati. Saraswati is also known
by names such as Svitri and Gayatri, and has taken different forms throughout history. Brahm is often identied with Prajapati, a Vedic deity. Being the husband of
Saraswati or Vaac Devi (the Goddess of Speech), Brahma
is also known as Vaagish, meaning Lord of Speech and
Sound.

Etymology

In Sanskrit grammar, the noun stem brahman forms two

distinct nouns; one is a neuter noun brhman, whose
nominative singular form is brahma ; this noun has
a generalized and abstract meaning.[1]

Vishnu with Lakshmi, on the serpent Ananta Shesha, as Brahm

Contrasted to the neuter noun is the masculine noun brah- emerges from a lotus risen from Viu's navel
mn, whose nominative singular form is brahm .
This noun is used to refer to a person, and as the proper
name of a deity Brahm it is the subject matter of the
present article.
3 Creations

Origin

According to Shri Madha Bhagawata Mahapurana,

Brahm was born through Vishnus navel, Vishnu is the
main source of whatsoever exists in the world; what is
created is part of his own body.
According to the Puras, Brahm is self-born in the
lotus ower. Another legend says that Brahm was born
in water, or from a seed that later became the golden egg,
Hiranyagarbha. From this golden egg, Brahm, the creator was born. The remaining materials of this golden
egg expanded into the Brahmna or Universe. Being
born from a lotus, Brahm is also called as Kanjaja (born
from a lotus). There is a story for Sharsa brahma hence
1

ATTRIBUTES

Head of Brahma in sandstone from the Phnom Bok in

Bakheng style now in Guimet Museum in Paris.
At the beginning of the process of creation, Brahm creates the four Kumras or the Caturaa. However, they
refused his order to procreate and instead devote themselves, to Vishnu and celibacy.
He then proceeds to create from his mind ten sons or
Prajpatis (used in another sense), who are believed to
be the fathers of the human race. But since all these
sons were born out of his mind rather than body, they are
called Mnas Putras or mind-sons or spirits. The Manusmti and Bhgavat Pura enumerate them as:
Brahm had ten sons and one daughter (Named Shatrupaone who can take hundred forms) born from various parts
of his body:
1. Marichi
2. Atri
3. Angirasa

A handcoloured engraving of Brahma.

4. Pulaha
5. Pulasthya

of eyes), which He uses to keep track of the Universes

time. He is also shown holding the Vedas.

6. Krathu

There are many other stories in the Puras about the

gradual decrease in Brahm's importance. Followers
7. Vashista
of Hinduism believe that humans cannot aord to lose
the
blessings of Brahm and Sarasvati, without whom
8. Prachethasa
the populace would lack creativity, knowledge to solve
mankinds woes. There is a story of a fth head. This
9. Bhrigu
head came when Shatrupa started ying away from him
10. Narada
upwards and the head came on top of the four heads symbolizing lust and ego, the head was decapitated by
Within Vedic and Puric scripture Brahm is described Shiva returning Brahm to his four head avatar which
as only occasionally interfering in the aairs of the other gave birth to the Vedas. The fth head stayed with Shiva
devas (gods), and even more rarely in mortal aairs. hence Shiva got the name Kampala.
He did force Chandra to give Tara back to her husband, Bhaspati. Among the ospring from his body are
Dharma and Adharma, Krodha, Lobha, and others.
4.2 Symbols

Attributes

The Four Faces The four Vedas (Rig, Sma, Yajur and
Atharva).

The Four Hands Brahm's four arms represent the four

cardinal directions: east, south, west, and north. The back
4.1 Appearance
right hand represents mind, the back left hand represents
He is clad in red clothes. Brahm is traditionally depicted intellect, the front right hand is ego, and the front left hand
with four heads, four faces, and four arms. With each is self-condence.
head, He continually recites one of the four Vedas. He The Prayer beads Symbolize the substances used in
is often depicted with a white beard (especially in North the process of creation.
India), indicating the nearly eternal nature of his existence. Unlike most other Hindu gods, Brahm holds no The Book The book symbolizes knowledge.
weapons. One of his hands holds a scepter. Another The Gold Gold symbolizes activity; the golden face of
of his hands holds a book. Brahm also holds a string Brahm indicates that He is actively involved in the proof prayer beads called the 'akaml' (literally garland cess of creating the Universe.

4.3

Vehicle

The Swan The swan is the symbol of grace and discern- to show that he was superior, Brahma told a lie that he
ment. Brahm uses the swan as his vhana, or his carrier had touched the top of the Linga. A ower called Ketaki
or vehicle.
stood as a witness to the statement of Lord Brahma. LisThe Crown Brahm's crown indicates His supreme au- tening to these words Shiva became very angry and cursed
Brahma that he would never be worshiped by any human
thority.
being. He cursed the false witness, the Ketaki ower also,
The Lotus The lotus symbolizes nature and the living saying that the ower will not be used in the worship of
essence of all things and beings in the Universe.
any God or Goddess or in any holy activity.That is why
The Beard Brahm's black or white beard denotes wis- they say that there are not more than 14 or 15 temples of
Brahma, where as there are lakhs of temples for Shiva or
dom and the eternal process of creation.
Vishnu

4.3

Vehicle

Brahma,Meenakshi Amman Temple Tower,Tamil Nadu,India

swan Vehicle of Lord Bramma

Brahm's vehicle or vhana is the hansa, a swan or a

goose.
Brahma fails to measure the height of Shiva Linga- It is
believed that once Lord Shiva stood in the form of a great
Linga with deep roots into the womb of the mother earth
and with the top far above the skies. Brahma and Vishnu
threw each other a challenge that whoever nds the top
or bottom of the Linga, will be considered as supreme.
Accordingly Brahma took the form of a swan and ew
into the sky. Vishnu took the form of a boar and began
digging deep into the earth. They spent a lot of time but
could not reach the top or bottom of the Linga. However

Lord Brahma is reverentially addressed as Pitamaha (father of fathers) by devas, demons, and humans. Since
Brahma is also a Prajapati all these people used to visit
him . According to the Upanishads the Lord used to teach
the Vedas and the importance of virtue to these people.
They all used to spend considerable time with him to acquire knowledge of the Atman. He also taught three important virtues to his three types of students. Once He
uttered a single syllable da and asked them to grasp its
meaning. The gods interpreted the sound as the word as
'datta' meaning to give away all pleasure seeking activities. The humans interpreted the syllable as 'dayadhwam'
which means to show mercy by leaving out their greedy
and selsh activities. The demons interpreted the sound
as 'damyata' meaning control or suppression of cruel attitudes and passions. This episode has been beautifully
described by the poet T.S.Eliot in his poem The Waste
Land, part 5, What the Thunder Said.[2]
Lord Brahma the God of Destiny or Fate: Lord Brahma
is also called as Vidhi, DhAtA, and VidhAtA. Vidhi
means the Ordainer. Vidhata means disposer,ordainer,
Arranger,or Law-maker. He is also called as Twasta,
Viswadeva. According to the Veda- Yo Vidhata cha
Dhata cha- ( Vidhata is also called as Dhata). He is
also called as Vedhasa- ( Vidhata Vedhasamapi). Vidhata means the governor of Natures Laws relating to the
journey of the Soul. Lord Brahma is not only the creator
as mentioned in the Purusha Sukta, but also the decider
of the destiny or Fate of the beings that are going to be
born . Brahma is the God who writes the fortunes of everybody based on the KARMA or deeds in the previous
births. Fate, or luck or destiny ordained by Lord Brahma
and written by him in a coded language on the forehead of
every individual cannot be altered by anybody. Because
one has to reap what one has sown. It is believed that
Brahma examines the Karma of every being in his previous births and accordingly decides what should be the fate
of the individual in the present birth. Brahmas writings
on the forehead can be understood only by great Yogis
or Rishis when they look at the forehead of any person.
That is why they look at the face of a person carefully before they bless a person with long life, good health, wealth
and progeny etc. The Fate in reality is a product of the
Karma of ones previous lives. The unnished Karma
is carried forward to the next birth. Sanchita-Karma
into which God Brahma looks carefully, Lord Brahma

TEMPLES

is the sum-total of the accumulated Karma of previous

births. It is in ones account and needs to be cleared at
some stage in ones spiritual journey. Prarabdha karma
is that part of the Sanchita Karma which is posted to
the present birth by Lord Brahma and hence it has to be
cleared in this birth only. This concept has sometimes
led to the philosophy of Fatalism and some scholars began to argue that since everything is pre-ordained why
should we run here and there to alter our future. In the
Upaishads Lord Brahma is also depicted as the immortal
Lord of Heaven who receives the liberated souls at the
end of their journey along the Northern path. Reference:
WWW.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/brahma.ap.

Sangam literature

Sangam literature of Tamil(300BC-300CE) describes

more times about lord Brahma by various authors.for example in Silapathikaram,lord Brahma mentioned as mamudu muralvanvaaimaiyin vazaa naanmurai marabin(
),literally means four infallible scriptures ordained
by the venerable old brahma.[3]

6
6.1

Temples
India

Though almost all Hindu religious rites involve prayer

to Brahm, very few temples are dedicated to His worship. Among the most prominent is the Brahm temple
at Pushkar. Once a year, on Kartik Poornima, the full
moon night of the Hindu lunar month of Kartik (October November), a religious festival is held in Brahm's
honour. Thousands of pilgrims come to bathe in the holy
Pushkar Lake adjacent to the temple.There is a temple
in Asotra village in Balotra taluka of Rajasthans Barmer
district, which is known as Kheteshwar Brahmadham
Tirtha.

The 9th century Javan statue of Brahm inside the Brahm

shrine in Trimurti Prambanan temple, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

temple at Bengaluru (Karnataka, India).

In the coastal state of Goa, a shrine belonging to the
5th century AD, in the small and remote village of
Carambolim in the Sattari Taluka in the northeast region
of the state is found.

Famous murti of Brahm exists at Mangalwedha, 52 km

from the Solapur district of Maharashtra and in Sopara
Temples to Brahm also exist in Thirunavaya in Kerala. near Mumbai.
The Trimurti temple and the temple dedicated to Brahma
Statues of Brahm may be found in Khedbrahma,
accompanied by Ganesh, located outside Sri PadmanabGujarat.
haswamy temple, in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, is also
famous. Regular pujas are held for Brahm at the temple
in Thirunavaya, and during Navrathris, this temple comes
6.2 Asia
to life with multi-varied festivities.
In the temple town of Kumbakonam in the Thanjavur The largest and most famous shrine to Brahm may be
District of Tamil Nadu; in Kodumudi in Tamil found in Cambodias Angkor Wat.
Nadu. There is also a shrine for Brahm within the
In Java, Indonesia, the 9th century Prambanan Trimurti
Brahmapureeswarar Temple in Tiruchirappalli.
temple mainly is dedicated to iva, however Brahm
There is a temple dedicated to Brahm in the temple town and Viu also venerated in separate large shrines inside
of Sri Kalahasti near Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh.
the temple compound, a single large shrine dedicated to
7 feet height of Chatrumukha (Four Faces) BRAHMA Brahm on southern side of iva temple. There is a statue

7.2

Recently built temples

5
Kumbakonam, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu
Khedbrahma, Gujarat
The Brahma Temple near Panajiin the village of
Brahma-Carambolim in the Satari taluka, Goa
Brahma (accompanied by Ganesh) Temple, near the Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple,
Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala
Bramhapureeswarar temple in Tirupattur, near
Trichy, Tamil Nadu
BrahmaKuti Temple at Brahmaavart (Bithoor),
Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh)
Bahma Temple at village Chhinch, Tehsil Bagidoa,
District Banswara, Rajasthan

7.2 Recently built temples

The four-faced Brahma (Phra Phrom) statue, Thailand.

of Brahm at the Erawan Shrine in Bangkok. The golden

dome of the Government House of Thailand also contains
a statue of Phra Phrom (Thai representation of Brahm).

Temples devoted to Brahm

Today, India has very few temples dedicated to Brahm.

7.1

Chaturmukha Brahma temple in Chebrolu, Andhra

Pradesh
Chaturmukha (Four Faces) Brahma temple at
Bengaluru, Karnataka,
Brahma Kapaalam: Even though Brahma is
shown typically as having four heads looking
in four directions the legend holds it that in the
beginning he had only one head and then developed ve heads subsequently.

Ancient temples

Brahma Temple at Khokhan, in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh

8 Satyaloka abode of Brahm

Brahma Temple at Asotra, District Barmer, Rajasthan

Satyaloka is by 120,000,000 yojanas above Tapoloka.

Thus the distance from the Sun to Satyaloka is
233,800,000 yojanas, or 1,870,400,000 miles.
The Vaikuha planets begin 26,200,000 yojanas
(209,600,000 miles) above Satyaloka. In the Padma
Puram it has been denitely stated that on the four
sides of the spiritual sky there are four dierent transcendental abodes occupied by Vsudeva, Sankaraa,
Pradyumna and Aniruddha respectively. So also in the
material sky also they are similarly placed on all the four
sides. The Vaikuha sphere which is covered with spiritual water is inhabited by Vsudeva and this Vaikuha
is known as Devavatipur. Above the Satyaloka there is
Viuloka where Sankaraa resides. In the middle of
the Ocean of Milk there is an island called vetadvipa
which is resided in by Aniruddha lying on the bed
of Ananta."(Caitanya-caritamrta, Adi-lila, Chapter 5
[Handwritten])[4]

Brahma Temple at Oachira in Kollam district, Kerala

Brahma temple at village aleo shrishty narayan, in
Kullu, Himachal Pradesh
Brahma temple at Annamputhur village srinidheeswarar in Tindivanam,Tamil Nadu
Brahma Temple at Pushkar , Rajasthan
Thirunavaya, Thiruvallam , Kerala
Brahma Temple at Royakotta road in Hosur , Tamil
Nadu
Uttamar Kovil in Srirangam, Tamil Nadu

13

Duration of Brahm's day

With regard to Brahm's day and night, each consists of

14 of his hours or 4.32 billion human years. Brahma has
four heads (rmad Bhgavatam 12.8.25).[5]

10

Brahm sampradya

Main article: Brahma sampradaya

Brahm has his own sampradya. Brahm appeared on
a lotus ower which sprouted from the navel of Garbhodakyi Viu. After meditation Brahm created 14
planetary systems and many living beings came there
in 8400000 kinds of material bodies according to their
past desires. Brahm received Vedas from Vishnu, and
this Brahm-sampradya is transmitting knowledge from
Vishnu Himself to Earth. As our Brahm is devotee of
Krishna just like other Brahms in other material universes, we have this Brahm sampradya.

11

See also

Brahma (Buddhism)
Brahma Samhita
Brahma sampradaya
Brahmapureeswarar
Brahmastra
Creator deity
Phra Phrom
Brahma from Mirpur-Khas

12

Notes and references

[1] Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through

the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information
and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 79.
[2] http://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/brahma.ap/ article by Jayaram V
[3] Silappadikaram By S. Krishnamoorthy. p. 35.
[4] Srila Prabhupadas Original pre-1978 Books Online.
PrabhupadaBooks.com. Retrieved 2012-08-02.
[5] Srimad Bhagavatam Canto 12 Chapter 8 Verses 2-5.
Vedabase.net. Retrieved 2012-08-02.

13

External links

EXTERNAL LINKS

14
14.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Brahma Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahma?oldid=664069386 Contributors: AxelBoldt, Bryan Derksen, Arvindn, William Avery, Ant, Stevertigo, DopeshJustin, Yann, CesarB, Karthik, Rossami, Kaysov, Imc, Topbanana, Wetman, Owen, Twice25, Kizor, RedWolf, Moncrief, Goethean, Romanm, Sam Spade, Thesilverbail, Humus sapiens, Caknuck, Wereon, Dave6, Gtrmp, Nat Krause, Zigger, Curps, Eequor, Utcursch, LordSimonofShropshire, Ran, Fatalvenom, Togo~enwiki, Heliocentric, Discospinster, 4pq1injbok, Rich
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