EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

1.1 General Start up Procedures

1. The study bench was placed on the hydraulic bench.
2. The inlet and outlet hose were set up.
3. The stand of the equipment was adjusted to reach the horizontal position.
1.2 General Shut-down Procedures
1. The valves were closed and the pump was switched off.
2. The orifices, paddle and other accessories were removed from the cylindrical vessel.
1.3 Experiment 1: Free Vortex
1. The general start-up procedures were performed.
2. An orifice with diameter 24mm was selected and placed on the base of cylinder tank.
3. The output valve was closed and the inlet 3-way valve was adjusted to let the water flow into the
tank from two pipes with 12.5 mm diameter. The water flowed out through the orifice.
4. The pump was switched on and the control valve on the hydraulic bench was open slowly until the
tank limit. The water level was maintained by adjusting the control valve.
5. When the water level was stable, the vortex profile was collected by measuring the vortex diameter
for several planes using the profile measuring gauge.
6. The profile measuring gauge was pushed down until the both of sharp point touched the water
surface.
7. The measured height, h (from the top of the profile measuring gauge to the bridge) was recorded.
The value of a (distance from the bridge to the surface of water levels (bottom level of the cutout))
was obtained.
8. The pitot tube was used to measure the velocity by sinking it into the water at the depth of 5 mm
from the water surface. The depth of the pitot tube in the water, H was measured.
9. Step 3-8 were repeated for another three orifice with diameter 12 mm, 16 mm and 8 mm.
10. The coordinates of vortex profile for all diameters of orifice were plotted in graphs and the
gradient of graph were calculated.
11. Graphs of velocity were plotted, calculated from the pitot tube reading versus the radius of the
profile.
1.4 Experiment 2: Forced Vortex
1. The general start-up procedures were performed.
2. A closed pump with two pedals was placed on the base of the cylinder tank.

3. The output valve was closed and the inlet 3-way valve was adjusted to let the water flow into the
tank from two pipes with 9.0 mm diameter. The water flowed out through another two pipes with 12.5
mm diameter.
4. The water flowed out from the tank with the siphon effect by raising the hose above the water level
in the tank.
5. The outlet hose was filled with water before letting water flow into the sump tank in the hydraulic
bench.
6. The angular speed of the pedals was measured by counting the number of circles in certain times.
7. The surface probe was pushed down until the sharp point touching the water surface.
8. The measured height, h0 (from top of the measuring gauge to bridge) was recorded.
9. Step 4-8 were repeated with different volumetric flow rate.
10. The coordinates of vortex profile were plotted for different angular velocity.
11. The calculated vortex profile was plotted in the same graph.