Load Control

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Load Control:
Module Objectives
At the end of the module you will be able to:
Describe the basic principles of Load Control

Describe the relationships of Load Control with AC and PS

Identify the parameters influencing BTS load measurements

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Load Control
Load Control Functions
Radio Interface Load
Power based Radio Resource Management
Throughput based Radio Resource Management
Planning thresholds for cell loading

BTS Measurements and Reporting

Common Measurements

Dedicated Measurements
Filtering of Measurements

Automatic Access Class Restriction

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RN31634EN40GLA0

Load Control Functional Overview

LC is a cell based RRM Function, utilising cell specific:

RNC

thresholds set by RNP,

LC

load measurements,
AC, PS & LC algorithms.

RM

PS
AC

LC performs the function of load control

in association with AC & PS
LC updates load status using resource measurements & estimations provided by AC & PS

Continuously feeds cell load information to the other RRM functions, e.g. PS & AC

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Load Control Functional Overview

RRM in RNC
when
changed

Load change info

parameters

Load status request

AC
Load change
estimations

WBTS NB/RS
parameters

NBAP-PRIVATE:
RRIndPeriod or

LC

3GPP NBAP :
COMMON MEASUREMENT
REPORT

measurements

measurements

NRT load

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RN31634EN40GLA0

Load status

Load change
estimations

estimations

PRACH load
measurement

Dedicated
measurement reporting

PS

Scheduling
period

Load Control
Load Control Functions
Radio Interface Load
Power based Radio Resource Management
Throughput based Radio Resource Management
Planning thresholds for cell loading

BTS Measurements and Reporting

Common Measurements

Dedicated Measurements
Filtering of Measurements

Automatic Access Class Restriction

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RN31634EN40GLA0

NSN RRM: Power & Throughput based

DL uses Power Measurements and calculations for RRM decisions

hDL

Ptx _ total
=
P _ BTS max
tx

UL uses Power & Throughput estimations and calculations for RRM decisions

hUL

Prx _ noise
1
=1= 1Prx _ total
NR
defining Load
h = 0% 100%

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h UL = (1 + i ) L j
j =1

Lj =

1+

1
W / Rj

Eb / N 0 j

defining Little i
Slide 9

Load Estimation Methods and other cell interference

2 Load estimation
methods:

Throughput
based
threshold

Wideband
Power based
threshold

i=0
i=0.5
i=1

Own cell load factor h

(capacity)

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UL power based load measurement

PRxTotal = PRx_Own + PRx_Other + PNoise
= PRx_NRT + PRx_RT + PRx_Other + Pnoise
= PRx_NRT + PRx_NC + PRx_SC
iUL = PRx_Other / PRx_Own

PRx_Other
PRx_Own

PRx_SC The semi-controllable interference power, consists of the powers of PS streaming users (DCH and E-DCH). Before RU10
semi-controllable traffic has not been separated from the non-controllable traffic, so for those releases it is equal to zero.

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DL power based load measurement

PTxTotal = PTx_Own
PTx_Common
= PTx_NRT + PTx_RT + PTx_Common
= PTx_NRT + PTx_NC+ PTx_SC
PTx_Own
PRx_Own_DL
PRx_Other_DL

iDL = PRx_Other_DL / PRx_Own_DL

PTx_SC the power caused by the semi-controllable traffic of real-time users (PS streaming). Before RU10 semi-controllable traffic
has not been separated from the non-controllable traffic, so for those releases it is equal to zero.
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Radio Interface Load

The BTS measures the total received power (PrxTotal) and the total transmitted power
(PtxTotal) on cell basis

The BTS reports PrxTotal & PtxTotal of each cell to the RNC
LC updates
Cell load status for each cell based on RADIO RESOURCE INDICATION
Non-controllable UL (PrxNC) & DL (PtxNC) load in cell
Semi-controllable UL (Prx_SC) & DL (Ptx_SC) load in the cell (related to PS Streaming)

AC and PS algorithms work on the current cell load status provided by LC

Denying call admission (AC) & throttling back NRT traffic (PS) are the overload actions

After scheduling PS provides LC with PrxNRT, PtxNRT & LNRT estimates

After admitting RT RAB, AC provides LC with NC load increase estimate

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System Noise & PrxNoise Auto-tuning Algorithm

PrxNoise

System noise PrxNoise is the sum of all stationary noises:

WCEL: -130..-50; 0.1; -105 dBm

thermal noise
interference caused by spurious emissions of other systems,
noise caused by additional equipment such as repeaters

PrxNoise can vary place to place & even time to time

PrxNoise setting affects the capacity of cell:
PrxNoise too low: overestimation of cell load and can lead to unnecessary call blocking
PrxNoise too high: underestimation of cell load and can lead to overload situation

PrxNoiseAutotuning
WCEL: 0 (Off) / 1 (On)

RNC provides Autotuning-Tool to measure unloaded system noise:

PrxUnloaded; it adjusts PrxNoise parameter based on these measurements

UnloadedRT

PrxTotal = PrxUnloaded when own cell considered unloaded / very low load;
LRT UnloadedRT & LNRT UnloadedNRT & no EDCH users in the cell

UnloadedNRT

UnloadedRT & UnloadedNRT are RNC parameters (default values for NRT: 1 %, RT: 2 %)
LRT & LNRT: UL load factor for own cell RT (AC estimates) & NRT users (PS estimates)

PrxNoise updated by the autotuning algorithm based on PrxUnloaded

PrxNoise autotuning step size limited by PrxNoiseMaxTuneAbsolute

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RNC: 0..0.1; 0.01; 0.02

RNC: 0..0.1; 0.01; 0.01

PrxNoiseMaxTuneAbsolute
WAC: 0..60; 0.5; 255 dB
255 dB: Autotuning is not limited

UL Preventive & Overload Thresholds

PrxTarget: WCEL; 0 .. 30; 0.1; 4dB

PrxOffset: WCEL; 0 .. 6; 0.1; 1dB

Noise Rise [dB]

Overloaded Area
PrxTarget [dB] + PrxOffset [dB]

Marginal Load Area

Prx Target [dB]

Feasible Load Area

PrxTarget = - 10 Log10 1 - h
load factor h
Range [0..1]
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dB

DL Preventive & Overload Thresholds

PtxTarget: WCEL; -10 .. 50; 0.1; 40 dBm

PtxOffset: WCEL; 0 .. 6; 0.1; 1dB

Cell Maximum

Total transmitted
power
Ptx Total [dBm]

PtxCellMax WCEL: 050; 0.1; 43dBm

Overloaded Area
Ptx Target [dBm] + PtxOffset [dB]

Marginal Load Area

Ptx Target [dBm]

Feasible Load Area

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load factor
h
Range [0..1]

Load Control
Load Control Functions
Radio Interface Load
Power based Radio Resource Management
Throughput based Radio Resource Management
Planning thresholds for cell loading

BTS Measurements and Reporting

Common Measurements

Dedicated Measurements
Filtering of Measurements

Automatic Access Class Restriction

15

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Common measurements taken & reported by WBTS

PtxTotal Transmitted Carrier Power
Nokia Private NBAP

PtxNonHSPATransmitted Code Power of all codes not used for HSDPA

Nokia Private NBAP

PrxTotal Received Total Wideband Power

Nokia Private NBAP

REPS Received E-DCH Power Share

Nokia Private NBAP

Acknowledged PRACH preambles

Nokia Private NBAP

Provided HSDPA Bitrate

Provided HSUPA Bitrate

RRM in RNC needs this information for Streaming mapped on HSPA

(NST Non Scheduled Transmission)

Required Power
Nokia Private part is protocol extension specified in 3GPP
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WBTS Common Measurements sent to CRNC

WBTS sends measurements periodically according setting of RRM parameter:

RRIndPeriod
Radio Resource Indication Period
WBTS; 200 .. 2000; 100; 400 ms

RADIO RESOURCE MEASUREMENT REPORT

(Nokia Private part)

RACHloadIndicationPeriod
WBTS; 0 (Off); 1 .. 20; 1; 1 RRI report

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Measurement filtering
The RNC can order BTSs to report cell-based & connection-based measurements only if internal
thresholds are exceeded.
However, a report is sent at least once per 10 reporting periods (RNP parameters).
The filtering functionality decreases the amount of measurement messages between the BTS and the
RNC and thus decreases the load of RNC computer units.
Internally RNC repeats the cell based measurements every WBTS: RRIndPeriod to provide RRM
functions a continuous flow of measurements

BTS Measurements

Reporting period

RRIndPeriod
WBTS; 200 .. 2000;
100; 400 ms

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10 * Reporting period

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WBTS Measurements sent to CRNC

WBTS can filter a measurement report (not sent to RNC)
only inform RNC about important load changes

non-configurable:
PtxTotalLoadThreshold: 20%
PtxTotalChangeThreshold: 0.5dB

reduce common NBAP signaling on IuB interface

PrxTotalChangeThreshold: 0.2dB

RNC provides load threshold and value change threshold to WBTS

Parameter settings for
PtxTotal Measurement

Measured
entity
Max amount of
consecutive filtered
reports

Change threshold
Reporting period
Load Threshold

Report

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Report

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Report

Report

Report

Report

Time

0,5 dB
20 % of Ptx max

Dedicated Measurements in BTS

Transmitted Code Power
WBTS send periodic measurement reports with code power measurement results from all Radio
Links (UEs in Cell_DCH)

Depending on allocated service type WBTS applies different reporting frequency:

20

CS Services & SRB:

DedicatedMeasReportPeriod

CS Data Services:

DediMeasRepPeriodCSdata

PS Data Services:

DediMeasRepPeriodPSdata

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WBTS; 0.5..5; 0.5; 2.5 s

WBTS; 0.5..5; 0.5; 1.5 s

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WBTS; 0.5..5; 0.5; 0.5 s

Load Control
Load Control Functions
Radio Interface Load
Power based Radio Resource Management
Throughput based Radio Resource Management
Planning thresholds for cell loading

BTS Measurements and Reporting

Common Measurements

Dedicated Measurements
Filtering of Measurements

Automatic Access Class Restriction

21

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AutoACResEnabled
NEW
Automatic
Access Class Restriction
SLIDE

Automatic Access Class Restriction allows limiting access to the network in

overload conditions for a number of UE to reduce control plane and user plane
traffic

RNFC; Bit 0: Received total wideband power ,

Bit 1: NRT scheduling queue length , Bit 2:
CN overload , Bit 3: RNC overload; 0

Barred AC

The access class for every UE is a randomly allocated digit from 0 to 9, stored
in the SIM/USIM

The feature sets automatically and dynamically a number of the access classes
to a barring state (by default all the UE access classes 0,...,9 are allowed for
accessing the network) if severe overload conditions occur

The number of access classes is automatically increased or decreased as the

overload condition continues or respectively relaxes

Barred Access Classes can be cycled to avoid specific subscribers from being
barred for long periods of time

Individual Access Classes can be barred by listing them within SIB3

- Emergency Calls

It returns the system to normal state once the overload conditions are over

- PLMN Use

Access Class 10 is reserved to indicates whether or not network access for

Emergency Calls is allowed for UEs with access classes 0 to 9 or an without
IMSI

- Security Services

22

The feature can be activated by turning on the Long Term ON/OFF license key
Automatic Access Class Restriction and RNC level radio network planning
parameter AutoACResEnabled
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Public
Subscribers

- Public Utilities
- Emergency Services
- PLMN Staff

Automatic Access Class Restriction

Parameterization

The feature introduces following new parameters:

o

RNFC: AutoACResEnabled

RNAC: AutoACMaxRestLevel

WCEL: AutoACResULOLThr

RNAC: AutoACIncRestHysRTWP

WCEL: AutoACDSACRestriction

RNAC: AutoACDecRestHysRTWP

RNAC: AutoACRLevelUpdInt

RNAC: AutoACIncRestHysNRTQ

RNAC: AutoACRestForCellPCH

RNAC: AutoACDecRestHysNRTQ

RNAC: AutoACRTrigRNCLoad

Benefits

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A smooth, automatic overload control in UTRAN

Avoidance of dramatic overload toggling at the core network
Increasing the successful traffic share in case of core network overload
Management parameters are replaced by an automatic functionality (OPEX savings)
Limitation to minimum of the amount of subscribers affected in case overload condition occurrence

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NEW
SLIDE