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Algebraic Expressions
Algebraic expressions are symbolic
forms of numbers.
h

Chapter 1.6
Equations and
Inequalities

r
2

r h

Algebraic Expressions

Algebraic Expressions

x : number of hours you need

to finish a job
1
: amount of work you can do
x
in an hour.

y : number of hours your friend

needs to finish the same job
1 1
: the amount of work you
x y
can do together in an hour

Example 1.6.1

Example 1.6.1

Express the following as algebraic

expressions.
1. The perimeter of a rectangle two

2. Three consecutive odd integers

if x is the smallest

sides of which are a and b.

b

2a 2b

x2

x 4

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Equations and Inequalities

Example 1.6.1
3. A number of two digits, if the
unit's digit is x and the ten's
digit is y.
25 2 10 5

73 7 10 3

Equation is a statement that two

algebraic expressions are equal.
Inequality is a statement that two
algebraic expressions are not equal.

10 y x

Example 1.6.2

Example 1.6.3

The volume of a right circular cylinder

whose height is 3 times the radius is

cubic units.

The distance of x from 3 is not

greater than 4.

radius: r

height: 3r

x 3 4

volume radius height

r 2 3r

Example 1.6.4

Example 1.6.4

Formulate the following problems.

1. The sum of 3 numbers is 34. The second

2. A man has Php 10,000 to invest. He can

invest a part of it at 6% and the remainder

is 3 less than the first, and the third is 5

at 10%. How much should he invest at each

more than twice the first. What are the

numbers?

rate in order to realize an outcome of Php 760

1st: x

2nd: x 3

x x 3 2 x 5 34

3rd: 2x 5

on the two investments?

amount invested at 6%: x
amount invested at 10%: 10,000 x
0.06x 0.10 10,000 x 760

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Example 1.6.4

Solution Set

3. One side of a rectangle exceeds 3 times the

other side by 2. Find the dimensions of the
smallest rectangle if the perimeter is at
least 36 m.

The solution set of an equation

or inequality is the set of all real

length of one side: x

length of the other side: 3x 2
perimeter of the rectangle: 2x 2 3x 2

or complex values of the variables

that satisfy the given equation
or inequality.

2x 2 3x 2 36

Solving Equations/Inequalities

Linear Equations

ax b 0
To solve an equation/inequality
means to find the solution set

b
a

of the equation/inequality.

b
SS
a

Example 1.6.5
Solve the following equations for
the indicated variable.
bh
1. V
,
for b
4
4V bh
4V
4V
b
b
h
h
4V
SS

Example 1.6.5
2. y b m x a
yb
xa
m
yb
ax
m

for x

y b
a
m

yb

SS
a
m

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Quadratic Equations

Quadratic Equations
ax 2 bx c 0

ax 2 bx c 0
x2 9

ax 2 bx c
b
c
x2 x
a
a

SS 3, 3

x 3, 3

completing the square:

2

x 12

x 2 3, 2 3 SS 2 3, 2 3

x 2 16

x 4i, 4i

2
b
a b
2 2a

b
b2
c b2
x x 2

a
4a
a 4a 2
2

SS 4i, 4i

b
b2 4ac

x 2a 4a 2

Quadratic Equations
2

ax 2 bx c 0

b
b2 4ac
x

2a
4a 2

b
b2 4ac

2a
2a

b b2 4ac
x
2a

Solving Quadratic Equations

1. Write the equation as ax 2 bx c 0

b2
4a 2

Quadratic Equations

b
b2 4 ac

2a
4 a2

b b2 4ac
2a

b b2 4ac b b2 4ac
SS
,

2a
2a

Example 1.6.6
Solve the following.
1. x 2 2x 8

2. a. Use the quadratic formula.

b. Factor ax 2 bx c and apply
the theorem:
If mn 0 then m 0 or n 0

x 2 2x 8 0

x 4 x 2 0
x 4 0

x2 0

x 4

x 2

SS 4,2

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Example 1.6.6

Example 1.6.6

2. 2x 2 5 4 x

2x 2 5 4 x

2x 2 4 x 5 0
a2
x

2x 2 4 x 5 0

b 4

4 16 4 2 5
4

c5
x

4 24
4

2 6i
2

2 6i 2 6i
SS
,

2
2

4 2 6i 2 2 6i
2 6i

4
4
2

Example 1.6.6

1
1
x 2 2x 3
3.

x 3 x 3
x2 9
1
1
x 2 2x 3

x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3
LCD : x 3 x 3

Example 1.6.6
1
1
x 2 2x 3

x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3
LCD :

x 3 x 3
x 2 2x 3

x 3 x 3

x 3 x 3 x 1 3 x 1 3 x 3 x 3

x 3 x 3

x 3 x 3

x 3
x3
x 3 x 3 x 2 2x 3,
2

x 3 x 3 x 2x 3,

x 2 2x 3
x 3, 3
x 3, 3

x 2 2x 3 0, x 3, 3

Example 1.6.6

Example 1.6.6

x 2 2x 3 0, x 3, 3

1
1
x 2 2x 3

x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3

x 3 x 1 0

x 1

x 3 0

x 1 0

x 3

x 1

x 3

Check:
x 1 :

3 is an extraneous solution.

1
1
1 1 3

1 3 1 3 4 2 4

SS 1

1 2 1 3 6 3
1 3 1 3 8 4