VOCIBOOK

AKADEMK KELME ve OKUMA TEKNKLER

EXPANDING READING VOCABULARY

FOR

PROFICIENCY & newYDS, TOEFL, IELTS

40 Akademik Metin
1000 + Anahtar Kelime ve Eanlamllar
rnek Cmleler ve Trke evirileri

DR. OKAN NALAN

ARF BULUT

 2013
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ISBN
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OIL

Okan NALAN / Arif BULUT

VOCABULARY
Definition
Synonym

Example Sentence

Turkish Translation

affordable (adj)
uygun fiyatl
bteye uygun

low-priced
cheap
economic
competitive

The government has recently

developed a new strategy to
provide affordable medical
insurance to 90 per cent of its
population.

Hkmet, ksa zaman nce,

nfusun %90na uygun fiyatl
tbbi sigorta salamak iin yeni bir
strateji gelitirdi.

blame (v)
sulamak

censure
criticize
accuse
charge

Both sides are equally to blame

for the crisis which could prove a
threat to world peace.

Dnya bar iin bir tehdit

olabilecek krizin olumasnda her
iki taraf da eit derecede
suludur.

consequence (n)
sonu

outcome
result
effect
upshot
aftermath

Given the disastrous

consequences of warfare today, a
reduction in conflict between states
is positive.

Bugn, savan ykc sonular

gz nnde bulundurulduunda,
lkeler aras anlamazlktaki
azalma olumludur.

consumption (n)
tketim

utilization
taking advantage
of
use

Europe and Japan rely principally

on high taxes to reduce gas
consumption.

Avrupa ve Japonya, benzin

tketimini azaltmak iin temelde
yksek vergileri kullanr.

corruption (n)
bozulma
yozlama
rme

degeneration
dishonesty
bribery

The government introduced

extremely austere economic
measures in order to improve
worsening conditions and get rid of
corruption.

Hkmet, ktleen artlar

iyiletirmek ve yozlamadan
kurtulmak amacyla ar sert
ekonomik tedbirleri devreye soktu.

diagnose (v)
tehis

identify
determine
recognize
distinguish

Having depression correctly

diagnosed and treated is the most
important step towards preventing
suicide.

Depresyonu doru ekilde tehis

ve tedavi etmi olmak, intihar
nlemede atlacak en nemli
admdr.

efficient (adj)
etkin
etkili

effective
useful
competent

Diesel engines are more efficient

than gasoline engines owing to the
fact that a larger proportion of the
fuel used is burned,

Kullanlan yaktn daha byk

blm yakldndan dolay, dizel
motorlar benzinli motorlara gre
daha etkindir.

soar (v)
artmak frlamak
aniden ykselmek
soaring (adj)
artan

rise
escalate
climb
rocket
surge

With fuel prices soaring and

temperatures dropping, many
people are turning to wood to heat
their homes.
Soaring health costs are one of the
big factors that have crippled the
economy.

Yakt fiyatlarnn frlamas ve

hava scaklklarnn dmesiyle,
birok insan evlerini stmak iin
oduna dnd.
Artan salk harcamalar,
ekonominin belini bken
etkenlerden biridir.

vital (adj)
ok nemli
hayati
hayati neme
sahip

crucial
important
key
paramount

The rebuilding of extended family

structures is vital to any
community.
Water for a community is of vital
importance.

Kalabalk aile yapsnn yeniden

kurulmas her toplum iin ok
nemlidir.
Bir toplum iin su, hayati neme
sahiptir.

volatile (adj)
deiken
istikrarsz
dengesiz

changeable
fickle
unstable
capricious

Despite volatile oil prices, there

will be noticeable increase in
current oil production

Deiken petrol fiyatlarna

ramen, mevcut petrol retiminde
gzle grlr bir art olacak.

Word

VOCIBOOK

READING
Directions: Read the following passage carefully.

OIL
Oil has provided humanity with many benefits, including affordable energy to lessen
our workloads and improve our mobility. Oil often receives an enormous amount of
attention because it is such an important and visible part of our daily lives, and
because it is exceptionally open to political manipulations. This is especially true
whenever its price increases sharply, and experts immediately get to work to
diagnose the cause and consequences of the price increase. In fact, the future of
oil is not that much different from its past: undoubtedly, oil production and
consumption will become cleaner and more efficient, but prices will continue to be
volatile, and the oil industry will continue to be blamed for conflicts, corruption, and
pollution. And for all the current talk about the end of the oil age, it will remain a vital
source of energy as it is now, nearly a century after the first warnings about soaring
consumption and limited resources.

Okan NALAN / Arif BULUT

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

Fill in the Blanks

Directions: Use the word bank to identify the word that best completes the sentence.

soaring

consumption

corruption

efficient

volatile

consequence

vital

blame

affordable

diagnose

1.

Air is _______________ for human life.

2.

The hospital has launched an inquiry to find out who was to _______________
for the mistake.

3.

A vets job is to _______________ and treat disease in animals.

4.

Jobless claims are _______________ and they are putting the blame on
Hurricane Sandy.

5.

Small cars are more _______________ than big cars.

6.

Police _______________ is a problem in some cities.

7.

That restaurant is too expensive but this is _______________.

8.

Egypt's water _______________ is limited by international agreement with its

upstream neighbors.

9.

She looks sweet but she has a _______________ temper.

10. The _______________ of such policies will inevitably be higher taxes.

VOCIBOOK
Matching
Directions: Write the letter of word that matches the definition on the line. If it helps,
feel free to also draw a line between the definition and the matching word.
A. soar

1.

_______ censure, criticize, accuse, charge, indict

B. consumption

2.

_______ degeneration, dishonesty, bribery

C. corruption

3.

_______ crucial, important, key, paramount

D. efficient

4.

_______ low-priced, cheap, economic, competitive

E. volatile

5.

_______ identify, determine, recognize, distinguish

F. consequence

6.

_______ utilization, taking advantage of, use

G. vital

7.

_______ changeable, fickle, unstable, capricious

H. blame

8.

_______ effective, useful, competent

I. affordable

9.

_______ outcome, result, effect, upshot, aftermath

J. diagnose

10.

_______ rise, escalate, climb, rocket, surge, spring

FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Words that describe actions are called adverbs. In the sentence "Bob eats quickly",
the adverb quickly describes how Bob eats.
What are the adverbs in the sentence(s) below?
Directions: Identify how adverbs are used in the sentence(s) below
1.

Oil often receives an enormous amount of attention because it is such an

important and visible part of our daily lives, and because it is exceptionally open
to political manipulations.

2.

This is especially true whenever its price increases sharply, and experts
immediately get to work to diagnose the cause and consequences of the price
increase.

3.

For all the current talk about the end of the oil age, it will remain a vital source of
energy as it is now, nearly a century after the first warnings about soaring
consumption and limited resources.

4.

The first inkjet printers were slow, messy machines, but they gradually got
better and better

5.

The economic conditions were unexpectedly favorable.

5

Okan NALAN / Arif BULUT

ANSWERS
Fill in the blanks
1

vital

corruption

blame

affordable

diagnose

consumption

soaring

volatile

efficient

10

consequence

Matching
1

10

Focus on Grammar

Oil often receives an enormous amount of attention because it is such an

important and visible part of our daily lives, and because it is exceptionally
open to political manipulations.

This is especially true whenever its price increases sharply, and experts
immediately get to work to diagnose the cause and consequences of the price
increase.

For all (Despite) the current talk about the end of the oil age, it will remain a
vital source of energy as it is now, nearly a century after the first warnings
about soaring consumption and limited resources.

The first inkjet printers were slow, messy machines, but they gradually got
better and better

The economic conditions were unexpectedly favorable.