Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MU 4080 English Version 1.0.0
MU 4080 English Version 1.0.0
MU 4080 English Version 1.0.0
NEUROMED 4080
Table of Contents
2
2
3
4
7
8
8
11
12
12
13
15
17
18
19
20
21
28
34
43
48
54
59
61
63
67
68
69
70
75
79
80
81
Presentation
Presentation
Accessories that come with the product
Symbols
Warnings / Attention
Installation / Connection to the power network
General information
Interferential Current
Russian Current
FES
TENS
Bernard's Diadynamic Currents
Monophase Currents
Microcurrents
Display Language
Controls & Control Functions
Operation
Operation Mode : Interferential
Operation Mode : Russian Current
Operation Mode : TENS
Operation Mode : FES
Operation Mode : Diadynamic Current
Operation Mode : Monophase Current
Operation Mode : Microcurrent
Protocols
Indications & Contraindications
Electrode Application
Preventive maintenance, preservation and cleaning
Corrective maintenance
Technical Characteristics
Manufacturer declaration and orientation
Considerations
European Representative
Bibliographical reference
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
2 polarized cables
4 Conductive rubber (Silicone) electrodes
4 Sponges pad
1 Gel Tube 200 ml
4 Cables for electrode
1 Three-pole cable
1 User manual
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
Symbols on the packaging
Symbols
Symbols on the equipment
Means equipment on
This symbol shows that the equipment
causes physiological effects and that the
user must check the instruction manual
before using it.
Applied part type BF
Class II Equipment
Manufacturer Identification
ATTENTION / WARNINGS
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
(032012)
NEUROMED 4080
treatment modality available, as well as the indications,
contraindications, warnings and precautions. Consult other
resources to obtain further information on the application of
electrotherapy.
5. Operating sequence
Connect
equipment to the
power network
WARNINGS:
1. Never turn on the ON/OFF key of Neuromed while one or more
cables of the electrodes are connected to the patient and to
Neuromed.
2. This equipment is intended for use by health professionals only.
3. This equipment can cause radiofrequency or interrupt operation
of nearby equipment.
4. The use of accessories not specified by the manufacturer can
result in increase in EMISSIONS or decrease in IMMUNITY of the
equipment.
5. The use of replacement parts not specified by the manufacturer,
in technical assistance, can result in increase in EMISSIONS or
decrease in IMMUNITY of the equipment.
6. We recommend not using this equipment piled or very close to
other equipment.
7. Short-distance operation (e.g. 1 m) from a shortwave or
microwave therapy EQUIPMENT can produce instability in the
STIMULATOR output;
8. Application of electrodes near the thorax can increase the risk of
cardiac fibrillation;
9. Simultaneous connections of a PATIENT to a high-frequency
surgical EQUIPMENT can result in burning where the
STIMULATOR electrodes are applied and possible damage to the
stimulator;
10. We recommend that the current densities for any electrode
2
exceeding 2 effective mA/cm may require special attention from
the user;
11. Do not place the equipment on soft base that can cover the lower
vents.
12. Keep this device out of reach of children.
13. This equipment is not suitable for use in the presence of mixture
of anesthetics inflammable with air, oxygen or nitrous oxide.
Turn on
equipment
through the
ON/OFF switch
Connect the
electrode cables
to the patient
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
NEUROMED 4080
Turn on the
equipment
through the
ON/OFF switch
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
NEUROMED 4080
On/Off Switch
NEUROMED 4080
General Information
The NEUROMED 4080 is a functional neuromuscular electrostimulator,
Microcontrolled with the functions :
Interferential Current
o
o
Russian Current
TENS
o
o
FES
Diadynamic Currents
Monophase
Microcurrents
Interferential Current
Power cable
connector
Remove the cover of the fuse box using a screw driver (insert the screw
driver in the groove of the fuse box, apply a little pressure and turn it
counterclockwise).
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
Figure 1
Vector Interferential
Isoplanar
In this method of therapy, four electrodes are used, and two modulated
currents are generated for each electrode pair (two channels). The
frequency of a channel is set in the carrier frequency, while the other
channel has a variable frequency, based on the beat frequency and
frequency modulation configurations. The Interference occurs when the
two currents cross in the tissue. The depth of modulation (which
determines the amplitude of the stimulation current) depends on the
direction of the currents, and can vary from 0 to 100%. The 100%
modulation occurs only in the diagonal (and therefore, in the intersection)
of both currents. It is obviously a theoretical situation, based on the
presupposition that the tissue is homogeneous. In reality, the tissue is
heterogeneous, such that the balance between both channels must be
used to obtain the 100-% modulation depth (Fig. 1).
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
10
NEUROMED 4080
Two-pole Interferential.
With the dipole vector technique, the currents of the two electrode pairs
are summed vectorially in the tissue. The effect is that stimulation
occurs only in direction of the resulting vector, which can be adjusted at
an interval of 360. Amplitude modulation occurs in the equipment and
the modulation depth is 100%.
Stimulation with 100% modulation occurs only in direction of the vector.
The advantage of this method is that the direction of stimulation can be
adjusted electronically after positioning the electrodes.
Automatic vector dipole
With the automatic vector dipole technique described above, it is turned
at an adjustable speed. If the increase in the current amplitude is
greater than the motor threshold, the tissue will contract and relax
rhythmically. The current automatic dipole vector is ideal for areas
where the mechanical pressure of massage is not desirable.
NEUROMED 4080
ratio of 1:1. Kots uses a Burst frequency of 50 Hz, approximately in the
middle of the frequency spectrum used to produce tetanic contraction (4080 Hz). In addition to the ratio of 1:1, Kots also describes a phase
duration / interval phase ratio of 1:5.
The amplitude must be increased until a strong concentration is produced
(from the level of motor stimulation up to the tolerance limit). Such as
occurs with all muscular stimulation applications, a program may be used,
allowing the muscles to rest between exercise cycles.
FES
Russian Current
Alternating current with a carrier frequency of about 2500 Hz. Russian
stimulation was used by the first time by Kots, professor of sports
medicine in the Moscow State Academy. Kots used it for muscular
strengthening in the training of Russian cosmonauts. With this technique,
electrostimulation is applied in the individual muscles as well as in muscle
groups (whether directly or through the nerve). In direct stimulation, it was
found that the frequency of 2500 Hz produced the highest contraction,
while the ideal frequency of indirect stimulation was 1000 Hz.)
A specific characteristic of this type of muscular stimulation is that the
alternating current is interrupted 50 times per second. This results in a
train of pulses, comparable to the TENS explosion. The total duration
of the train of pulses is 20 ms, giving a phase duration / interval phase
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
11
TENS
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
12
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
DF is usually experienced with a fast vibration. It is a pleasant waveform
that is often used as an introduction to SP or LP.
Diadynamic Currents
Diadynamic currents were introduced by Bernard (1) and won an
important position in the history of physiotherapy. They are currently
unfairly deemed as outdated compared to TENS or Interferential currents.
Diadynamic Currents are used mainly to reduce pain and improve
blood circulation.
Bernard uses the term Diadynamic currents, which refer to a monophase
(MF - Monophas fixe) or double phase (DF - Diphas fixe) rectified
alternating current. The frequency was derived directly from the power
source, resulting in sinusoidal pulses with a duration of 10 ms. This time,
10-ms phase will mainly depolarize thick fibers. Stimulation of the thin
fibers can only be obtained with greater current amplitude.
LP (Long Periods)
It is a slow alternance between six seconds of MF and six seconds of DF.
In the DF phase, the intervals between the MF pulses are filled with
additional pulses gradually with the increase and decrease in amplitude.
LP is suaver than SP.
DF (Diphas Fixe)
It is a dual sinusoidal phase rectified current with a frequency of 100 Hz.
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
13
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
14
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
Monophase ( Faradic )
Galvanic current
Trabert Ultra-Exciting.
The 2-5 or "Ultra-exciting current was introduced by Trbert.(2) . The 2-5
faradic current is a rectangular pulsated current with a phase duration of 2
ms and a phase interval of 5 ms. These configurations are the standard
configurations for the faradic current rectangular waveform and result in a
pulse frequency of approximately 143 Hz. Trabert did not provide any
explanation for the choice of these parameters. However, many workers
have adopted the treatment and it is still applied with success. A notable
effect is the absence of pain that can arise from just the first treatment
and that can last for several hours.
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
15
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
16
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
Display language
NEUROMED 4080 allows accessing three display languages:
Portuguese
English
Spanish
Tp = 2 mS / Tr = 5 mS
If you wish to change the current language, follow the steps below:
(2) Trabert, H.
Ultra-Reizstrom, neues ein therapeutisches Phnomen,
Elektromedizin 2, 1957 (7).
1.
2.
ATTENTION:
3.
Microcurrents
4.
6.
7.
8.
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
17
5.
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
18
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
Controls
Figure : 1
Figure : 2
E na b les t h e f u nc t io n c hos e n
E na b les t h e m a in m enu s c r ee n
Control functions
Moves to
next field
E na b les t h e N EU RO M ED o u tp uts
D is ab l es t he N E UR O M ED ou tp u ts
Decrease
Increase
Operation
Operation of the device:
Moves to
previous
field
Press the ON/OFF at the back of the device. (Figure 1 page 7).
ATTENTION: Never turn on the ON/OFF key of Neuromed
while one or more cables of the electrodes are connected to
the patient and to Neuromed.
(032012)
19
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
20
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
Press the
key to enable the Two-pole Interferential
mode. The Two-pole mode set screen will be displayed.
Interferential
Two-pole
THERAPY
Interferential
Russian Current
TENS
FES
Diadynamic
Monophase
Microcurrent
Protocols
Use the
Timer
Two-pole
Manual Vector
Autom. Vector
Isoplanar
05:00 s
Carrier Frequency
Frequency Modulation
Frequency Variation
Slope
:
:
:
2 KHz
100 Hz
100 Hz
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
Channel 1 Channel 2
1. Interferential :
Use the
a nd
keys to enable selection of the
interferential modes : Two-pole, Manual Vector, Automatic Vector or
Isoplanar Vector
Interferential
Russian Current
TENS
FES
Diadynamic
Monophase
Microcurrent
Protocols
Through the
and
Two-pole
Manual Vector
Autom. Vector
Isoplanar
o
Settings : 10 Hz to 100 Hz ( steps of 10 Hz )
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
21
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
22
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
Carrier Frequency
key
be enabled.
Frequency Modulation
Channel 2
Frequency Variation
o Press the
key to enable the Manual Vector
Interferential mode. The Manual Vector mode set screen will
be displayed.
Interferential
Timer
Carrier Frequency
Frequency Modulation
Frequency Variation
Two-pole
05:00 s
:
:
:
2 KHz
100 Hz
100 Hz
Slope
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
Channel 1 Channel 2
o Use the
keys to move the
to the desired position.
o
Through the
parameters:
and
(032012)
23
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
24
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
Sustaining/Rest : 1 s to 30 s (steps of 1 s)
o Press the
key to enable the Automatic Vector
Interferential mode. The Automatic Vector mode set screen
will be displayed.
Interferential
Timer
Carrier Frequency
Frequency Modulation
Frequency Variation
Two-pole
05:00 s
:
:
:
2 KHz
100 Hz
100 Hz
Slope
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
Channel 1 Channel 2
o
o
Through the
parameters:
and
The
selected.
o
o
Press the
key to enable the Isoplanar Interferential
mode. The Isoplanar mode set screen will be displayed.
Carrier Frequency
Frequency Modulation
Interferential
Timer
Carrier Frequency
Frequency Modulation
Frequency Variation
Frequency Variation
Two-pole
05:00 s
:
:
:
2 KHz
100 Hz
100 Hz
Slope
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
Channel 1 Channel 2
Speed
Set : 1 s to 15 s (steps of 1 s)
(032012)
25
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
26
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
2. Russian Current:
Through the
and
o
o
o
o
o
o
Carrier Frequency
Frequency Modulation
Interferential
Russian Current
TENS
FES
Diadynamic
Monophase
Microcurrent
Protocols
Synchronous
Sequential
Alternate
Reciprocal
Set : 1 s to 15 s (steps of 1 s)
Settings : Rise/fall : 0 s to 9 s (steps of 1 s)
Sustaining/Rest : 1 s to 30 s (steps of 1 s)
After setting the parameters, connect the electrode cables in
channels 1 and 2 to the electrodes in the patient. Press the key
enabled.
The
Use the
a nd
keys to enable selection of the
Russian Current modes (Synchronous, Sequential, Alternate and
Reciprocal )
Speed
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
27
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
28
NEUROMED 4080
Interferential
Timer
NEUROMED 4080
Use the keys of the channels to set the intensity.
( Figure : 1 page 20 )
Two-pole
2 KHz
100 Hz
100 Hz
05:00 s
Carrier Frequency
Frequency Modulation
Frequency Variation
Slope
:
:
:
Press the
key to enable the Sequential Russian mode.
The Sequential Russian parameter set screen will be displayed.
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4
Russian Current
o
o
Through the
and
Timer
Sequential
05:00 s
Carrier Frequency
Frequency Modulation
Frequency Variation
:
:
:
Slope
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
Carrier Frequency
2500 Hz
100 Hz
10%
Frequency is fixed.
Frequency Modulation
Work Cycle
Settings : 10 % to 50 % ( steps of 10 % )
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
29
Through the
and
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
30
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
Work Cycle
Settings : 10 % to 50 % ( steps of 10 % )
o
Through the
and
Settings : 10 % to 50 % ( steps of 10 % )
o
o
Frequency Modulation
Press the
key to enable the Alternate Russian mode.
The Alternate Russian parameter set screen will be displayed.
o
Russian Current
Timer
Alternate
05:00 s
Carrier Frequency
Frequency Modulation
Frequency Variation
Slope
:
:
:
2500 Hz
100 Hz
10%
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
31
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
32
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
Press the
key to enable the Reciprocal Russian
mode. The Reciprocal Russian parameter set screen will be
displayed.
Russian Current
Reciprocal
Timer
05:00 s
Carrier Frequency
Frequency Modulation
Frequency Variation
:
:
:
Slope
2500 Hz
100 Hz
10%
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
3.
TENS
o
Through the
and
Use the
a nd
keys to enable selection of the
TENS modes ( Normal, Burst, VIF, VLP, VF or Modulated Burst).
THERAPY
Interferential
Russian Current
TENS
FES
Diadynamic
Monophase
Microcurrent
Protocols
Carrier Frequency
Normal
Burst
VIF
VLP
VF
Modulated Burst
3.1
Work Cycle
Settings : 10 % to 50 % ( steps of 10 % )
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
33
Normal TENS
Select the Normal TENS mode.
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
34
NEUROMED 4080
Press the
key to enable the Normal TENS mode. The
Synchronous Russian parameter set screen will be displayed.
TENS
NEUROMED 4080
3.2
Burst TENS
Press the
key to enable the Burst TENS mode. The
Burst TENS parameter set screen will be displayed.
Normal
Timer
Frequency
Pulse Width
05:00 s
:
:
Slope
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
100 Hz
100 S
TENS
Through the
a nd
05:00 s
:
:
Slope
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
100 Hz
100 S
Frequency
Pulse Width
Timer
Frequency
Pulse Width
Burst
Through the
a nd
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
35
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
36
NEUROMED 4080
o
NEUROMED 4080
3.3
o
Pulse Width
Frequency Modulation
Settings : 10 % to 50 % ( steps of 10 % )
VIF TENS
Select the VIF TENS mode.
Pulse Modulation
o
Settings : 10 % to 50 % ( steps of 10 % )
o Press the
key to enable the VIF TENS mode. The VIF
TENS parameter set screen will be displayed.
o
TENS
VIF
Timer
Frequency
Pulse Width
Frequency Modulation
Pulse Modulation
Speed
:
05:00 s
:
:
:
:
1s
Settings : 1 s to 15 s (steps of 1 s)
100 Hz
100 S
10%
10%
3.4
Through the
a nd
Speed
VLP TENS
Press the
key to enable the VLP TENS mode. The VLP
TENS parameter set screen will be displayed.
Frequency
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
37
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
38
NEUROMED 4080
TENS
VLP
Timer
Frequency
Pulse Width
05:00 s
:
:
Pulse Modulation
Speed
:
:
1s
NEUROMED 4080
Use the keys of the channels to set the intensity.
( Figure : 1 page 20 )
100 Hz
100 S
3.5
10%
VF TENS
Press the
key to enable the VF TENS mode. The VF
TENS parameter set screen will be displayed.
Through the
a nd
TENS
VF
Timer
Frequency
Pulse Width
Frequency Modulation
Speed
05:00 s
:
:
:
100 Hz
100 S
10%
1s
Pulse Width
Settings : 10 % to 50 % ( steps of 10 % )
Speed
Settings : 1 s to 15 s (steps of 1 s)
o
o
o
, the output settings of channels 1 to 4 will be enabled.
Through the
a nd
o
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
39
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
40
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
Settings : 10 % to 50 % ( steps of 10 % )
Speed
Through the
a nd
Settings : 1 s to 15 s (steps of 1 s)
Press the
key to enable the Modulated Burst TENS
mode. The Modulated Burst TENS parameter set screen will be
displayed.
o
o
Burst Modulada
Timer
Frequency
Pulse Width
Frequency Modulation
Speed
TENS
Frequency
Pulse Width
o
3.6
05:00 s
:
:
:
Settings : 10 % to 50 % ( steps of 10 % )
Speed
Settings : 1 s to 15 s (steps of 1 s)
After setting the parameters, connect the electrode cables in the
outputs of 1 to 4 to the electrodes in the patient. Press the key
, the output settings of channels 1 to 4 will be enabled.
The time selected will start the count (decreasing).
100 Hz
100 S
10%
1s
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
41
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
42
NEUROMED 4080
4.
NEUROMED 4080
FES
o
o
Use the
a nd
keys to enable selection of the
FES modes (Synchronous, Sequential, Alternate or Reciprocal ).
Through the
and
THERAPY
Interferential
Russian Current
TENS
FES
Diadynamic
Monophase
Microcurrent
Protocols
4.1
o
Synchronous
Sequential
Alternate
Reciprocal
Synchronous FES
Pulse Width
Press the
key to enable the Synchronous FES mode.
The Synchronous FES parameter set screen will be displayed.
FES
Timer
Frequency
Pulse Width
Slope
Synchronous
05:00 s
:
:
4.2
100 Hz
100 S
Sequential FES
Press the
key to enable the Sequential FES mode.
The Sequential FES parameter set screen will be displayed.
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
43
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
44
NEUROMED 4080
FES
4.3
Synchronous
Timer
Frequency
Pulse Width
05:00 s
:
:
Slope
NEUROMED 4080
100 Hz
100 S
Alternate FES
Press the
key to enable the Alternate FES mode. The
Alternate FES parameter set screen will be displayed.
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4
FES
Through the
and
Alternate
Timer
Frequency
Pulse Width
05:00 s
:
:
Slope
100 Hz
100 S
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4
o
o
o
Through the
and
Pulse Width
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
45
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
46
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
o
o
4.4
Press the
key to enable the Synchronous Russian
mode. The Synchronous Russian parameter set screen will be
displayed.
FES
Reciprocal
05:00 s
:
:
Slope
Reciprocal FES
Timer
Frequency
Pulse Width
Pulse Width
5.
Diadynamic
o
Use the
a nd
keys to enable selection of the
DIADYNAMIC modes (DF, MF, LP, SP or CP Id ).
100 Hz
100 S
0 s: 1 s : 0 s : 2 s
Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4
THERAPY
o
o
Through the
and
Interferential
Russian Current
TENS
FES
Diadynamic
Monophase
Microcurrent
Protocols
DF
MF
LP
SP
CP Id
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
47
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
48
NEUROMED 4080
5.1
NEUROMED 4080
DF
5.2
Press the
key to enable the Diadynamic DF mode.
The Diadynamic DF parameter set screen will be displayed.
Interferential
Timer
Polarity
Press the
key to enable the Diadynamic MF mode.
The parameter set screen will be displayed.
DF
05:00 s
:
Diadinamicas
Timer
MF
+V
Channel 4
Polarity
MF
05:00 s
:
:
+V
Channel 4
Through the
and
o
o
Through the
and
, the
(032012)
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
Polarity
49
, the
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
50
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
5.4
5.3
CP
Press the
key to enable the Diadynamic SP mode. The
parameter set screen will be displayed.
LP
Press the
key to enable the Diadynamic LP mode. The
parameter set screen will be displayed.
Diadinamicas
Timer
Polarity
Diadinamicas
Timer
LP
Polarity
05:00 s
:
CPID
05:00 s
:
:
+V
Channel 4
+V
Channel 4
o
o
o
o
o
Through the
and
and
Through the
(032012)
51
, the
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
Polarity
, the
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
52
NEUROMED 4080
5.5
CP iD
6.
Press the
key to enable the Diadynamic CP iD mode.
The parameter set screen will be displayed.
Diadinamicas
Timer
Polarity
NEUROMED 4080
Monophase
o
Use the
a nd
keys to enable selection of the
MONOPHASE modes (Square, Exponential, UE, Direct and
Interrupted ).
CPID
05:00 s
:
:
+V
Channel 4
6.1.
o
o
o
Through the
and
Square
Press the
key to enable the Square Monophase mode.
The parameter set screen will be displayed.
Monofasica
Timer
Polarity
Pulse Widht
Rest
Polarity
Square
05:00 s
:
:
:
200S
5 mS
+V
Channel 4
, the
Through the
and
o
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
53
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
54
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
o
o
o
o
and
, the
o
o
6.2.
Through the
Exponential
o
Press the
key to enable the Exponential Monophase
mode. The parameter set screen will be displayed.
Monofasica
Timer
Polarity
Exponential
6.3.
05:00 s
Pulse Widht
Rest
Polarity
:
:
:
2000
Press the
key to enable the Ultra Exciting Monophase
mode. The parameter set screen will be displayed.
+V
Channel 4
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
, the
(032012)
55
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
56
NEUROMED 4080
Monofasica
Timer
Polarity
NEUROMED 4080
Monofasica
UE
05:00 s
:
:
Timer
Polarity
+V
Direct
05:00 s
:
:
Channel 4
o
o
Through the
and
6.4.
Channel 4
o
o
, the
Through the
and
, the
Direct
6.5.
+V
Interrupted
Press the
key to enable the Interrupted Monophase
mode. The parameter set screen will be displayed.
Monofasica
Timer
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
57
MU_4080_English_Version:
Polarity
Interrupted
05:00 s
:
1.0.0:
:
(032012)
+V
58
NEUROMED 4080
o
o
Through the
and
o
Settings : 1 minute to 60 minutes, in steps of 1 minute.
o
o
Microcurrents
Press the
key to enable the Microcurrents mode. The
parameter set screen will be displayed.
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
and
7.
Through the
Frequency
Polarity
NEUROMED 4080
(032012)
59
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
60
NEUROMED 4080
8.
Protocols
NEUROMED 4080
,
Attention
Select
Delete
Delete All
Liability Limitations
Under no circumstance will Carci Ind. e Com., or its suppliers and/or
dealers, be held liable for any indirect, special, incidental damage caused
by use or inability to use the product, including, without being limited to
damages due to loss, or every and any other damage or commercial loss,
and regardless of the legal or equal theory (contract, complaint or other
mode) on which the claim is based.
Carci shall not be held liable for any consequence resulting from
inaccurate information provided by its personnel, or errors included in this
manual and/or other adjunct documentation (including commercial
documentation).
o
Use the
Use the
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
61
to confirm.
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
62
NEUROMED 4080
Indications & Contraindications
Indications
Contraindications
FES
NEUROMED 4080
Contraindications
Interferential Current
Indications :
TENS
Acute or chronic painful processes (suppressing the picture of pain until
its cause is safely identified) :
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
63
Joint Sprain
Ligament lesion
Muscular contusion
Muscular distension
Traumatic Synovitis
Tendinitis
Myalgias
Radiculopathies ( lumbosciatalgias and cervicobrachialgias )
Post-operatory of Meniscectomy.
Contraindications:
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
64
NEUROMED 4080
Unconsolidated fibers;
Forms of spasticity;
NEUROMED 4080
Electroporation.
Micro Currents
Indications:
Indications
Contraindications
Contraindications:
Polarized currents
Indications:
Contraindications:
Absence of sensitivity;
Presence of metal plates in the patient;
Pacemaker;
Spastic excitation in cerebral spastic paresis;
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
65
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
66
NEUROMED 4080
Electrode Application
Attention:
The connection of accessories not specified by the manufacturer can
affect the patient and correct operation of the equipment, which is not
allowed.
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED has null DC component for alternating currents.
In the electrolytic effect, due to the high concentration of electrolytes
caused by the migration of ions occurring under the electrodes, we
recommend that the silicone electrodes have sufficient gel, the sponges
be duly wet or that the self-adherent electrodes be new in order to have
minimal electrolytic effect.
Current Density
According to Brazilian Standard NBR IEC 60601-2-10, the maximum
2
current density allowed is 2 mA RMS per cm .
The NEUROMED output is limited to 50 mA RMS, with charge of 500
Ohms.
To check if the current density did not exceed the maximum allowed,
divide the output current in mA by the effective area of the electrode in
2
cm
Self-Adhesive Electrode
The use of self-adhesive electrodes is characterized by the ease of
contact with the skin, due to their malleability. The thin layer of adherent
gel allows low impedance between the skin and the Fesmed stimulator.
If peradventure during the application the patient informs that the stimulus
is too weak, it is a sign that the electrodes must be changed. They must
be changed if the display shows the letter M on the right side of the
intensity indicator, and the intensity marks zero.
Preventive
cleaning
maintenance,
preservation
and
Electrolysis occurs under the electrodes, when the types of currents with
DC component are applied.
Use a cloth wet with water and soap to clean the cabinet of your
device
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
Electrolytic Effect
(032012)
67
(032012)
68
NEUROMED 4080
Corrective maintenance
Solutions
Check if the power cable is
connected to the power network
Check if the fuse(s) is(are) not
burnt
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
Problems
NEUROMED 4080
69
Important notes:
Corrective maintenance of this equipment, in addition to the prescriptions
above, must be conducted by the CARCI authorized technical assistance
only.
Electric diagrams, circuits and parts lists are not supplied to end
consumers. If needed, contact the Carci Authorized Technical Assistance.
Technical characteristics
Origin
Models
Function and Application
Power supply
: CARCI Brazil
: NEUROMED 4080
: Equipment for Electrotherapy
: 100230 V~ automatic ( 10%)
: 50 / 60 Hz
Maximum Consumption
: 100 VA
ANVISA [National Health Surveillance Agency]
Registration
: 10314290035
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
70
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
Frequency Spectrum :
Ramp rise/descent time :
Ramp sustaining time :
Ramp rest time :
Vector Speed :
Amplitude :
Two-pole Interferential
Frequency :
Frequency Modulation (AMF) :
Frequency Spectrum :
Ramp rise/descent time :
Ramp sustaining time :
Ramp rest time :
Amplitude :
2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kHz
10 to 150 Hz (steps of 10 Hz)
10 to 100 Hz (steps of 10 Hz)
0 to 9 (steps of 1s)
1 to 30 s (steps of 1s)
1 to 30 s (steps of 1s)
0 - 140 mA
Output channels :
Output characteristics :
Current Amplitude Range :
Current Amplitude Resolution :
Maximum Amplitude ( Ipp) :
Timer :
4 channels
Constant Current
Depends on the waveform
1 mA
140 mA (charge of 500 Ohms)
0 - 60 minutes
0 to 9 (steps of 1s)
1 to 30 s (steps of 1s)
1 to 30 s (steps of 1s)
2500 Hz
10 Hz to 150 Hz ( steps of 10 Hz )
10% to 50% ( steps of 10% )
140 mA
FES
Interferential
Automatic Vector Interferential
Frequency :
Frequency Modulation (AMF) :
Frequency Spectrum :
Ramp rise/descent time:
Ramp sustaining time:
Ramp rest time :
Vector Speed :
Amplitude:
2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kHz
10 to 150 Hz (steps of 10 Hz)
10 to 100 Hz (steps of 10 Hz)
0 to 9 (steps of 1s)
1 to 30 s (steps of 1s)
1 to 30 s (steps of 1s)
1 to 9 S
0 - 140 mA
Isoplanar Interferential
Frequency :
Frequency Modulation (AMF) :
2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kHz
10 to 150 Hz (steps of 10 Hz)
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
Russian Stimulation
(032012)
71
0 to 9 (steps of 1s)
1 to 30 s (steps of 1s)
1 to 30 s (steps of 1s)
50 to 600 uS (steps of 10 uS)
1 to 200 Hz (steps of 1 Hz)
140 mA
TENS
Pulse duration:
Pulse frequency:
Amplitude :
Modes of operation :
Continuous
Burst
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
72
NEUROMED 4080
VIF
VF
VLP
.
Diadynamic Currents
Modes
Amplitude
Polarity
NEUROMED 4080
Amplitude
: 0 to 40 mA
Microcurrents
Frequency
Polarity
Amplitude
: 1 Hz to 200 Hz ( steps of 1 Hz )
: Positive, Negative or Automatic.
: 0 to 40 mA
Monophase
: +10C to +40C
: 0% to 80%
: 700 hPa to 1060hPa
Interrupted Galvanic :
Frequency
Work Cycle
Polarity
Amplitude
: 8000 Hz
: 95%
: Positive, Negative or Automatic.
: 0 to 40 mA
Direct Galvanic
Polarity
Amplitude
Square Monophase
Phase Duration
Phase Interval
Polarity
Amplitude
Exponential Monophase
Phase Duration
Phase Interval
Polarity
Amplitude
: 2 mS
: 5 mS
: Positive, Negative or Automatic.
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
Room temperature
Relative humidity
Atmospheric pressure
(032012)
73
Room temperature
Relative humidity
Atmospheric pressure
: -10C to 60 C
: 20% to 90%
: 500hPa to 1060hPa
Optional Accessories:
Code 04033
Code 21305G
Code 21306G
Code 20307G
Code 21308G
Code 14747G
Code 10395G
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
74
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
MANUFACTURER DECLARATION AND ORIENTATION ELECTROMAGNETIC IMMUNITY
Immunity tests
Compliance
RF Emission
CISPR 11
Group 1
RF Emission
CISPR 11
Class B
Harmonics emission
IEC 61000-3-2
Class A
Voltage fluctuation /
Flicker emission
IEC 61000-3-3
Compliant
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
Electrostatic
discharge
IEC 61000-4-2
Immunity tests
6 kV contact
8 kV air
Fast transients /
Bursts
IEC 61000-4-4
2 kV power
supply line
1 kV signal
input and output
line
Surge
IEC 61000-4-5
1 kV
differential mode
2 kV ordinary
mode
Level of
compliance
Electromagnetic
environment - orientation
6 kV contact
8 kV air
Level of
compliance
Electromagnetic
environment - orientation
2 kV power
supply line
Not applicable
1 kV
differential
mode
2 kV ordinary
mode
(032012)
75
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
76
NEUROMED 4080
Voltage dips,
short
interruptions and
voltage
variations in the
power supply.
IEC 61000-4-11
Magnetic fields
of the network
frequencies
(50/60 Hz)
IEC 61000-4-8
<5% Ut
(>95% dip in Ut)
For 0.5 cycle
<5% Ut
(>95% dip in
Ut)
For 0.5 cycle
40% Ut
(60% dip in Ut)
For 5 cycles
40% Ut
(60% dip in Ut)
For 5 cycles
70% Ut
(30% dip in Ut)
For 25 cycles
70% Ut
(30% dip in Ut)
For 25 cycles
<5% Ut
(>95% dip in Ut)
For 5 s
<5% Ut
(>95% dip in
Ut)
For 5 s
3 A/m
d = 2. 3. P
Note: Ut is the voltage of the AC network before applying the test level.
MANUFACTURER DECLARATION AND ORIENTATION ELECTROMAGNETIC IMMUNITY
NEUROMED is intended to be used in the electromagnetic environment specified below.
The buyer and operator of NEUROMED would assure that it is being used in such
environment.
Immunity
Test level of
Level of
Electromagnetic environment tests
IEC 60601
compliance
orientation
Conducted
RF
IEC 610004-6
3 Vrms
150 kHz to 80
MHz
Radiated RF
IEC 610004-3
3 V/m
80 MHz to 2.5
GHz
3V
3 A/m
NEUROMED 4080
NOTE 1: in the range of 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the highest frequency of the range is
applied.
NOTE 2: this procedure cannot be applied in all situations. The electromagnetic
propagation is affected by absorption and reflection of structures, objects and people.
a. The intensity of the fields generated by fixed transmitters, such as cell sites for
telephones (mobile/wireless) and land mobile radios, amateur radios, AM, FM and
TV radio broadcasting stations cannot be theoretically prognosed with precision. To
evaluate the electromagnetic environment due to the fixed RF transmitters, a study of
the electromagnetic field in the site would be considered. If the field intensity
measured in the site where NEUROMED is used exceeds the level of compliance
above, the NEUROMED would be observed to verify if it is operating normally. If
abnormal performance is observed, additional measures may be required,, such as
reorientation or reallocation of the NEUROMED;
b. Above the frequency scale of 150 kHz to 80 MHz, the field intensity should be less
than 3 V/m.
d = 1.17. P
3 V/m
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
d = 1.17. P
(032012)
77
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
78
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
Manufacturer Data
d = 1.17 P
d = 1.17 P
d = 2.3 P
0,01
11.70 cm
11.7 0cm
23.00 cm
0,1
37.00 cm
37.00 cm
72.70 cm
1
1.17 m
1.17 m
2.30 m
10
3.70 m
3.70 m
7.27 m
100
11.70 m
11.70 m
23.00 m
For transmitters with declared maximum output power not listed above, the recommended
separation distance (d in meters) may be determined using the equation applicable to the
transmitter frequency; where P is the maximum output power of the transmitter in watts
(W) according to its manufacturer.
NOTE 1: at 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the separation distance for the highest frequency is
applied.
NOTE 2: this procedure may be applied in all situations. The electromagnetic propagation
is affected by absorption and reflection of structures, objects and people.
European Representative
OBELIS SA
34, Av. de Tervuren, bte 44
B 1040 Brussels , BELGIUM
Phone: (32) 2.732.59.54
Fax: (32) 2.732.60.03
Final considerations
It has been Carci's policy to continuously improve the quality of its
products. Carci reserves the right to make changes in the design and
specifications, as well as to add and improve its products, without being
obliged to install them in already manufactured products.
The text, illustrations and specifications contained in this manual are
based on information available during the printing.
All rights reserved.
Email: mail@obelis.net
WARRANTY CERTIFICATE IN ANNEX
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
79
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
80
NEUROMED 4080
Bibliographical references
Low, Medium and Polarized Currents
1. Frampton, VM (1994) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
and Chronic Pain, in Wells, PE, Frampton, VM, Bowsher, D (eds)
Pain Management by Physiotherapy. Butterworth Heinemann,
London.
2. Johnson, MI, Ashton, CH, Thompson, JW (1991a) An indepth
study of long term users of transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation (TENS). Implications for clinical use of TENS Pain
44: 221- 229.
3. Johnson, MI, Ashton, CH, Thompson, JW (1991b) The
consistency of pulse frequencies and pulse patterns of
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) used by
chronic pain patients. Pain 44: 231- 234.
4. Tulgar, M, McGlone, F, Bowsher, D, Miles, JB (1991)
Comparative effectiveness of different stimulation modes in
relieving pain. Part I A Pilot Study. Pain 47: 151 155.
5. Alberts, P.D., Bakker, M., Spierversterking door Middel van
Middenfrequente Wisselstromen. Nederlands Tijdschrift foor
Fysiotherapie 10:318 et seq. 1977.
6. Bernards, J.A., Bouman, L.N., Fysiologie van de Mens. Bohn,
Scheltema en Holkema, Utrecht, 5e herziene druk, 1988.
7. Bernard, Pierre D., La therapie Diadynamique Paris, Editions
"PHYSIO", 1962.
8. Besson, J.M., Chaouch, A., Peripheral and Spinal Mechanisms of
Nociception. Physiological Reviews 67, 1. January 1987.
9. Carley, P., Wainapel, S., Electrotherapy for Acceleration of
Wound Healing; Low Intensity Direct Current. Arch. Phys. Med.
Rehab., 66, pp 443-446. 1985.
10. Hogenkamp, M., Mittelmeijer, E., Smits, I., Stralen, C. Van,
Interferential Therapy. B.V. Enraf-Nonius Delft, Holland, May
1990.
11. Hoogland, R., Strengthening and Stretching of Muscles using
Electrical Current. B.V. Enraf-Nonius Delft, Holland, December
1988.
12. Howson, D.C., Peripheral Nerve Excitability, Implications for
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. Physical Therapy,
Vol. 58, 12, December 1978.
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
81
NEUROMED 4080
13. Janda, V., Muskelfunktionsdiagnostik, Muskeltest Untersuchung
Verkrzter Muskeln, Untersuchung der Hypermobilitt. Verlag
Acco, Leuven, Belgi, 1979.
14. Johnson, M.A., a.o., Data on Distribution of Fibre Types in thirtysix Human Muscles. An Autopsy Study. Journal of Neurological
Science, 18, pp. 111-129.
15. Kaada, B., Vasodilation induced by Transcutaneous Nerve
Stimulation in Peripheral Ischemia. European Heart Journal, 3, pp
303-314, 1982.
16. Khan, J., Use of Iontophoresis in Peyronies Disease. Physical
Therapy, 7, July 1982.
17. Kloth, L.C., Feedar, J.A., Acceleration of Wound Healing with
High Voltage, Monophasic, Pulsed Current. Physical Therapy, 68,
pp 503-508, 1988.
18. Kots, Y.M., Lectures and Laboratory Periods. Symposium on
Electrostimulation of Skeletal Muscles. Concordia University,
Montreal/Quebec, Canada, December 6th-15th, 1977.
19. Kovanen, V., Suominen, H., Heillinen, E., Collagen of Slow Twitch
and Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres in Different Types of Rat Skeletal
Muscle. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 52, pp 235-242, 1984.
20. Kuo, K.H.M., Clamann, H., Coactivation of Synergistic Muscles of
Different Fibre types in Fast and Slow Contractions. American
Journal of Physical Medicine, vol.60, 5, pp 219-238, 1981.
21. Kousemaeker, E.A.M., Aarts, N.J.M., Duy, A. Van der, De
Behandeling van Slecht Genezende Wonden met Behulp
Xanthinolnicotinaat. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Fysiotherapie, 6,
pp 174-178, 1974.
22. Levine, J.D., Codere, T.J., Basbaum, A.I., Proceedings of the Vth
World Congress on Pain. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
(Biomedical Division), 1988.
23. Lullies, H., Trincker, D., Taschenbuch der Physiologie II, Gustv
Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 2e druk, 1973.
24. Lullies, H., Elektrophysiologische voraussetzungen der
Elektrodiagnostik and Elektrotherapie. Elektromedizin. Band 6, 2,
1961.
25. Lundeberg, T., Kjartansson, J., Samuelsson, J., Effect of
Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Healing of Ischaemic Skin Flaps.
The lancet, pp 712-714, September 1988.
26. Melzack, R., Wall, P.D., Pain Mechanisms: A New Theory.
Science 150, pp 971-979, November 1965.
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
82
NEUROMED 4080
27. Niele, R., Treatment Protocol for the Endomed CV 405. B.V.
Enraf-Nonius Delft, Holland, November 1988.
28. Ottoson, D., Lundeberg, T., Pain Treatment: A Practical Manual
by Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. Springer Verlag.
Berlin, 1988.
29. Pouliart, C., De Elektrische Weerstand van de Huid. Belgisch
Tijdschrift voor Reumatologie en Fysische Geneeskunde, Vol 29,
Fasc. 2, pp 64-79, 1974.
30. Pronk, N., Het Twee (Vier) Cellenbad by de Behandeling van
Hyperhydrosis Palmoplantaris. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor
Fysiotherapie, Vol 96, 6, pp 120-121, 1986.
31. Sato, A., Schmidt, R.F., Somatosympathetic Reflexes: Afferent
Fibres, Central Pathways, Discharge Characteristics.
Physiological Reviews, Vol, 53, 4, pp 916-947, October 1973.
32. Sjlund, B.H., Eriksson, M.B.E., Endorphins and Analgesia
Produced by Peripheral Conditioning Stimulation. Advances in
Pain Research and Therapy, vol 3, 1979.
33. Steuernagel, O., Skripten zur Elektrotherapie, Band II.
Heidelberger Reprographie A. Grosch KG, Eppelheim b.
Heidelberg, 1978.
34. Stralen, C.J.C. van, Transcutane elektrische prikkeling bij
Claudicatio Intermittens. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor
Fysiotherapie, Vol. 94, nr. 11, blz. 226, 1984.
35. Wheeler, P.C., Wolcott, L.E., Morris, J.L, Spangler, M.R., Neural
Considerations in the Healing of Ulcerated Tissue by Clinical
Electrotherapeutic Application of Weak Direct Current. Findings
and Theory. Neuro-Electric Reasearch, 1970.
36. Wolcot, L.E., Gault, W.R., Gatens, P., Acceleration of Healing
Rate in Ischaemic Skin Ulcers with Low Intensity Direct Current
(LIDC). Lecture on June 14th, Las Vegas, 1972.
37. Wolf, S.L., Perspectives on Central Nervous System
Responsiveness to Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation.
Physical Therapy, Vol, 58, 12, December 1978.
38. Yaksh, T.L. Substance-P Release from Knee Joint Afferent
Terminals: Modulation by Opiods. Brain Research, 458, 319-324,
1988.
39. Zimmermann, M., Pain Mechanisms and Mediators in
Osteoarthritis. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol 18m 4,
suppl. 2, pp 22-29, 1989.
40. Zutphen, H.C.F. van, Stralen, C.J.C. van, Pls, P., Bernards, J.A.,
Kolle, L.F.J.Th.M., Rens, P.P.Th.G. van, Nederlands Leerboek
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
83
NEUROMED 4080
der Fysische Therape in Engere Zin, Wetenschappelijke
Uitgeverij bunge, 3e druk, 1986.
Microcurrents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
FES
1. Bowman, BR, Barker, (1985) Effects of waveform parameters on
comfort during transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical
stimulation. Annais of Biomedical Engineering, 13: 59 74.
2. Davies, HL (1983) Is electrostimulation beneficial to denervated
nerve? A review of results from basic research. Physiotherapy
(Canada), 35: 306-310.
3. Delitto, A, Robinson, AJ (1989) Comparative comfort of three
wave forms used in electrically elicited quadriceps fermorls
contractions. Physical Therapy, 66: 1704-1707.
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
84
NEUROMED 4080
NEUROMED 4080
TENS
1. Bertrand Sr. Method of determining optimal stimulation sites for
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Physical Therapy
64:924-928, 1984.
2. Bohm E. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in chronic
pain after peripheral nerve injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 40:277283, 1978.
3. Fried T, Johnson R, McCracken W: Transcutaneous electrical
nerve stimulation: Its role in the control of Chronic pain. Arch
Phys Med Rehab 65:228-231, 1984.
4. Goldner Jl, Nashold Bs Jr, Hendrix PC: Peripheral nerve electrical
stimulation. Clin Orthopedic 163:33-41,1982.
5. Hanson P, Ekblon A: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
(TENS) as compared to placebo TENS for the Relief of acute orofacial pain. Pain 15:157-165, 1983.
6. Harvie KW: A major Advantage in the control postoperative Knee
pain. Orthopedics 2:1-2, 1979.
7. Mannheimer C, Lun S, Carisson C-A The effect of transcutaneous
electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on joint pain in patients with
rheumatoid arthritis, Scand J Rheumatol 7:13-16, 1978.
8. Miler Jones CHM: Forum: Transcutaneous nerve stimulation in
labor. Anesthesia 35:372-375, 1980.
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
85
MU_4080_English_Version: 1.0.0
(032012)
86