MDBELI SEGDIGK

1. KPESSG: can, could, be able to, manage to

ltalnos kpessg:

I can sing.
He cant sing so he wont come with us.
He could read when he was four.

Egyszeri, konkrt cselekvsnl:

I was able to (= I managed to) swim across the river.

(sikerlt megtenni valamit)
Fizikai kpessg hangslyozsnl:After the accident he was able to walk again.
I am able to read. (vesd ssze: I can read.)
Jelen idben:

can, (could), am/is/are able to

Can you drive?
Mlt idben:
could, was/were able to
There was a heavy storm but he was able to get the house.
Jv idben:
will (not) be able to
Im afraid we wont be able to solve this problem without help.
Befejezett jelenben: have/has (not) been able to
He has just been able to finish the test.
Feltteles mdban: could have V3
We could have done it if we had had more time. (volna)
2. ENGEDLY: may, might, can, could, to be allowed to, to be permitted to
Engedly krse, adsa:
Udvariasabb ill. bizonytalanabb:
Htkznapibb:

May I come in? Yes, you may/can. No, you cant.

May I borrow your pen?
Might/Could I borrow your pen for a moment?
Can I go out and play?

Jelen idben:

may, (might), can, (could), am/is/are allowed to, am/is/are

permitted to
You are not allowed to drive here.
Mlt idben:
might, was/were allowed to, was/were permitted to
We werent permitted to use our books on the exam.
Jv idben:
will (not) be allowed to, will (not) be permitted to
The guests wont be allowed to step in this room.
Fgg beszdben: He asked if he might leave the door open.
(eredeti: May I leave the door open?)
She said she could go to the cinema.
(eredeti: I can go to the cinema.)
Engedlykrs fokozatai:
Can I ?
Could I ?
May I ?
Might I ?
Would /Do you mind if I ?

Krs fokozatai:
Can I ?
Could I ?
Will you , please?
Would you , please?
Would you mind +V-ing?

3. TILTS: may not, cant/cannot, should not, ought not to (oughtnt to), must not
(mustnt)
be allowed to
Hivatalos feliratokon: You may not pick flowers int he park.
Nem szabadna, nem kellene: They shouldnt/oughtnt to come here.
Nem szabad, nem engedlyezett: You cant play football in my garden.
Ers tilts: You mustnt walk on the grass.
Mlt idben: should not have V3, ought not to have V3 (nem kellett volna, nem
lett volna szabad)
You shouldnt have laughed at her.
He oughtnt to have crossed the road when the lights were red.
Jv idben: will (not) be allowed to
You wont be allowed to ride the motorbike without a helmet.
Befejezett jelen: have/has not been allowed to
Look! Those people have been allowed to enter the palace.
4. KTELESSG, SZKSGSZERSG: must, have to, have got to, need, to be to
(am/is/are to), should, ought to
Szemly, hatsg ltal elrt ktelessg, szksgszersg: You must be here by twelve.
Szitucibl ered, krlmnyekbl fakad szksgszersg:
She has to do the homework every Sunday.
You have to stay here now. (You cant go back.)
Konkrt cselekmny esetn: He has got to be here by eight.
Szksges: - figvel: Do you need to get up early?
They dont need to go.
I dont need to clean my shoes.
- mdbeli segdigvel: Need you get up early?
They neednt go.
Terv, szervezs, utasts: We are to meet at five oclock. (tkor kell tallkoznunk.)
You are to knock before you enter my room.
Tancs, javaslat:
You should/ought to give up smoking. (kellene)
Jv idben: will have to, will need to
You will have to get up very early.
They wont need to be here.
Mlt idben: - had to, did not have to (kellett)
I had to buy a new suit.
When did you have to be at the station?
- need not have V3 (nem kellett volna, nem lett volna szksges)
You neednt have come here.
- ought to/should have V3 (nem kellett volna, nem lett volna szabad)
You shouldnt have talked like this.
- ought to/should have V3 (kellett volna)
We should have taken a taxi.
Befejezett jelenben: have/has had to
Jim has had to wait for his girlfriend for hours.

5. LEHETSG, VALSZNSG: can, could, may, might, should, ought to, must
Ers bizonytalansg: They might come by train.
Taln, lehet:
Take your raincoat, it may rain.
Tprengs:
What can/could it be?
Valszn, hogy : The bus arrived so he should be here soon.
Ers bizonyossg: He is absent from school. must be ill.
He cant be ill. I saw him playing football in the morning.
Mlt idben: - must have V3 (biztos, hogy + mlt id)
He must have been ill.
He must have got lost. He doesnt know the town.
- cant have V3 (biztos, hogy nem + mlt id)
He cant have been ill.
He cant have told this.
- may have V3 (lehet, hogy + mlt id)
Where is she? She should be here by now. She may have been
hurt. (we dont know yet what happened to her)
-might have V3 (lehet, hogy + mlt id; -hatott/-hetett volna)
She might have been hurt. (but we know that she didnt)
- could have V3 (lehetett, -hatott/-hetett)
He could not have done such a thing.
- should have/ought to have (meg kellett volna tenni valamit)
If he left at ten, he should have arrived by now. Its ten already.