MORE REVIEWS

LIGHTING
A.
SAFETY MARKS
PROTECTION CLASSES WITH REGARD TO INSULATION
*CLASS 1: Luminaries with a terminal for protective conductor to which all metal parts
that could carry current in the event of a fault must be connected.
*CLASS 2: In luminaries with this symbol, there must be no exposed metal parts that
could carry current in the event of a fault (total insulation or double insulation). This
doesnt have to have a conductor terminal or be connected to a protective earth conductor.
*CLASS 3: Luminaries to be operated with safety extra-low voltage (SELV); i.e. voltages
under 42V generated with a safety transformer to VDE 0551 or supplied by batteries
(standard or rechargeable.)
IP TYPES OF PROTECTION
1 S T DIGIT : Protection against foreign bodies in addition to shock-hazard protection
*#2 protection against ingress of solid foreign bodies with a diameter greater than 12mm
*#4 protection against ingress of solid foreign bodies with a diameter greater than 1mm
*#5 [dust-protected] protection against harmful dust deposits. The ingress of dust is not
completely prevented but the dust must not enter in such large amounts that the operation
of the luminaire is impaired.
*#6 [dust-tight] protection against ingress of dust
2 n d DIGIT :

Protection against foreign bodies in addition to shock-hazard protection

*#0 No special protection
*#3 [rainproof] Protection against water falling at any angle up to 60 degrees
*#4 [splash-proof] Protection against water sprayed at any angle at the luminaire (for
showers with massage shower heads)
*#5 [jet proof] Protection against a jet of water from a nozzle directed at the luminaire at
any angle
*#7 [water-proof] Protection against water if the luminaire is submerged in water under
defined time and pressure conditions
*#8 [pressure-water-tight] the luminaire is suitable for permanent submerging in water
under conditions defined by the manufacturer.
PROTECTION CLASSES WITH REGARD TO INSULATION
*F luminaries are suitable for direct mounting on normally flammable materials.
Maximum temperature of 180 degree C on the mounting surface
*M luminaries are suitable for direct mounting on materials that have normal or reduced
flammability. Maximum temperature is 130 degree C on the mounting surface
*MM luminaries are suitable for direct mounting on materials for which the flammability
properties are not known.
B.

RATED ILLUMINANCE FOR COMMERCIAL PREMISES

1000 lux
Open-plan office, average reflection
Color matching, color inspection, goods inspection
Assembly of precision equipment (electrical)
Production of jewelry, retouching, etc

750 lux
Open-plan office, high reflection
Technical drawing (on drawing boards)
Metal marking and inspection
Inspection areas (foundries: metal casting)
Flaw inspections (wood, leather, etc.)
500 lux
Offices for data processing , telex desks
Grinding, polishing of glass, precision assembly
Assembly of telephone sets, small motors
Selection of veneers
Work on woodworking machines
300 lux
Offices with desks exclusively near windows, meeting rooms, conference rooms
Enameling, glass-blowing, turning, drilling, milling, semi-precision assembly
Trade fair stands, control desks, control rooms (<300lx as operational requirements
dictate)
Sales Areas
200 lux
Storerooms where reading is necessary , dispatch
Permanently staffed areas in production facilities, at furnaces
Non-precision assembly, cast cleaning, casting rooms
Gang saws, steel construction
Rooms with public access in offices
100 lux (not good for reading)
Storerooms where only searching is necessary
Personnel and goods access routes in buildings
Changing rooms, washrooms & toilets
Stairwells, escalators
Loading ramps
Production facilities with occasional manual intervention
Boiler houses
Construction sites
Food Chains
Supermarkets
Libraries
National Bookstore
C.
COMPUTATIONS
Determining the number of luminaries required based on a given illuminance value:
n = 1.25 x E x a x b - - - - - - - the room
x (lb) x (a) - - - - - - the lamp (multiply by # of lamps / luminaire))
(1.25) Status of the lighting system

The planning factor takes into account the reduction in luminous flux and soiling
of the fittings. Planning factor is 1.25
(E) Rated illuminance
This is the required lux depending on the type of activity
(k) the room factor
The room factor makes allowance for the shape of the room
To be used in solving a

k = a x b
h(a+b)
a = room length
b = room width
H = room height
H = H-0.85m

() Luminous flux [unit=lm]

Taken from the lamp catalogue, depending on the lamp to be used in the luminaire
(lb) Luminaire efficiency
Taken from the luminaire catalogue, depending of the luminaire selected
(a) Room utilization factor
The effect of light distribution in the room is covered by this table
(p) Reflectance
The reflective properties of the room surfaces are measured in terms of the
reflectances of the ceilings, walls and work surfaces (or floors). Reflectances can
be determined with the aid of reflectance tables.
To be used in solving a
D.
BRANDS ENCOUNTERED
LAMPS
1.
PHILLIPS
2.
OSRAM
LUMINAIRES
1. PHILLIPS
2. THORN