22 April 2015

NSTP II BLS Training

CPR
2010 American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines for CPR & Emergency
Cardiovascular Care
Why the Change of Sequence?

C-A-B sequence takes into account that some amount of O2 remains in the lung and blood
in the first few minutes of cardiac arrest compressing chest keeps oxygen-rich blood
circulating

A-B-C sequence delays start of chest compressions, by opening airway and delivering
rescue breaths

Giving compressions at once, blood is pump to brain and heart sooner cutting 30 critical
seconds in rescue time

This simplified sequence aims to encourage bystander CPR, by removing impediments like
opening airway and delivering breaths; and hesitation on lay rescuers in doing mouth-tomouth breathing

C-A-B sequence removes delays in instituting early chest compressions which is a critical
element in improving patient survival
Sudden Cardiac Arrest

< 8% of people who suffer cardiac arrest outside the hospital survive to be discharged
home

SCA can happen to anyone at any time even to those who appear healthy with no known
risk factor

SCA is NOT the same as heart attack

But heart attack may however cause SCA
SCA happens when electrical impulses in the heart become rapid or chaotic, which causes
heart to suddenly stop

Sudden death can be reversed

Can be done by anyone, anywhere
No additional equipment needed
Brain
Hands
Lungs

22 April 2015

NSTP II BLS Training

How Does CPR Work?

All living cells of our body need a steady supply of oxygen to keep us alive
Breathe air into the victims lungs to provide oxygen into the blood
Press on the chest to move oxygen-carrying blood through the body
Chain of Survival

Early Recognition & EMS Activation

Early CPR
Early Defibrillation
Early Advanced Care
Integrated Post Cardiac Arrest Care yung bago

Our Goal Return to prior quality of life and functional state of health
High-Quality CPR Factors with greatest potential impact on SURVIVAL

PUSH HARD, PUSH FAST adequate rate and depth of chest compression
At least 100 compressions per minute
1/3 ng side ng patient
Allowing complete chest recoil
To avoid rupturing ribs
Minimizing interruptions in chest compressions
Continuous CPR
Avoiding excessive ventilation
To avoid rupturing lungs
Para hindi pumunta sa stomach yung hangin
Chest Compression place the heel of the palm at the center of the chest between the 2
nipples. Put the other hand on the top of the other

Center of the chest imaginary line between two nipples and sternum
Position shoulders over hands with elbows lock and arms straight
Arms should be perpendicular to the victims body

22 April 2015

NSTP II BLS Training

Fulcrum hip joints

Depth at least 2 inches
Rate at least 100 per minute
Airway

Head-tilt / Chin-lift Method

Place one hand on victims forehead
Place fingers of other hand under bony part of lower jaw near chin
Tilt head and lift jaw
Breathing

Give 2 rescue breaths after Chest Compressions

Mouth-to-mask
Mouth-to-nose-and-mouth
Mouth-to-face-shield
Mouth-to-stoma
Continue cycles of 30 compressions followed by 2 slow breaths
Until:
AED arrives
Sequence

Scene Survey: the scene is safe!

Im ______________, trained CPR provider, can I help?
Check Responsiveness
hey, hey, are you OKAY? (3x)
tap shoulder gently
HELP! Call EMS and get an AED
Check Pulse and Breathing
CPR (30 compressions : 2 ventilations)
Recovery position

22 April 2015

NSTP II BLS Training

What Stops People from Doing CPR?

Harming the Person

Mouth-to-Mouth
Legal Consequences
Wont Perform Properly
Physically Unable

Hands-Only CPR // Chest-Compression-Only CPR

It saves more lives

Better than doing nothing
Easier to Do
Better than Dead

Sequence

Scene Survey the scene is safe!

Im ___, trained CPR provider, can I help?
Check Responsiveness
hey, hey, are you OKAY? (3x)
tap shoulder
UNRESPONSIVE
Call for Help. Activate EMS and get an AED (Automatic External Defibrillator)
AED for sudden cardiac arrest (ventricular fibrillation)
Start CPR
Recovery Position
When to Stop CPR? STOPS

Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC)

Turn Over to Medical Personnel
Operator is Exhausted/Tired
Physician Assumes Responsibility
Scene Becomes Unsafe