Calulo Ivan

Csc.
MTH 104-2069
Tribhuvan University
Institute of Science and Technology
2069
Bachelor Level / First Year / First Semester / Science
Computer Science and Information Technology Mth.104
(Calculus and Analytical Geometry)
Full Marks: 80
Pass Marks: 32
Time: 3 hours.
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Attempt all questions.
Group A
(10X2=20)
1. Verify the mean value theorem for the function ( )

[0,1].
) in the interval
Solution
The function ( ) (
Now,
( )
and ( )
We have,
( )
( (
( )
( )
) is continuous for [0, 1] and differentiable for (-1, 1).
(
( (
( (
))
))
( )
2. Find the length of the curve
for
Here, the given curve is
So,
And,
( )
Now, the length of the curve for

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is
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C
Source: www.csitnepal.com
e
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( )
)
(
[(
[(
units
3. Test the convergence of the given series
The series
by comparison test.
converges because all of its terms are
positive and less than or equal to the corresponding terms of
The geometric series on the left converges and we have
4. Obtain the semi-major axis, semi-minor axis, foci, vertices
Here, the given equation is,

(i)
Comparing (i) with the standard equation
, we get,
and
Distance from focus to centre,

) (
Foci: (
)
) (
)
Vertices: (
Centre: (0,0)
5. Find the angle between the vectors

Let,
Now,
and
and
| |
| |
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The angle between the vectors is given by

| || |
I
S
6. Obtain the area of the region R bounded by
and
in the first quadrant.
Here, the given equations are:

and
Now, from the figure, the area of the region R bounded by
and
is

[ ]
(
7. Show that the function
( )
is continuous at
every point in the plane except the origin.

Solution
) ( ) because its values
The function f is continuous at any point (
are then given by a rational function of x and y.
)
At (0, 0) the value of is defined, we claim, but has no limit as (
( ). The reason is that different paths of approach to the origin can lead to different
results as we see.
For any value of m, the function has a constant value on the punctured line
, because
(
)|
has thus number as its limit as (
Therefore,
) approaches (
) along
the line
(
) (
) (
)|
along
.
This limit changes with m. there is therefore no single number we may call
the limit of as (
) approaches the origin. The limit fails to exist, and the function
is not continuous.
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8. Using partial derivatives, find

Let (
if
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Now,
(
We know,
9. Verify that the partial differential equation

(
is satisfied by
).
Solution: We have,
(
)
(
)
(
)]
)
(
)
(
)
)]
)
)
So,
Hence,
) is a solution of the partial differential equation
.
(
10. Find the general solution of the equation
) .
Solution
The integral surfaces of this PDE is given by the equation
(
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Taking the first two ratios,
Integrating both sides,
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()
The ratios are equal to
(
)
( )
Then, the general solution is

(
Group B
(5X4=20)
11. State and prove mean value theorem for definite integral.
is continuous on [
Mean value theorem for definite integrals(Statement): If

then at some point c on [
( )
( )
],
Proof:
We know,
(
Dividing all sides by (
( )
),
( )
Since is continuous, the intermediate value theorem for continuous function says
that must assume every value between
and
. It must therefore, assume
the value
point in [
( )
at some point in [
], i.e., ( )
( )
].
12. Find the area of the region that lies in the plane enclosed by the cardioid
).
(
)
Now, we know that area of the region enclosed by the cardioids is
at some
( (
))
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)
)
)
]
(
13. What do you mean by principal unit normal vector? Find unit tangent vector and
principal unit normal vector for the circular motion ( ) (
)
(
) .
At a point where
plane is
, the principal unit normal vectors for a smooth curve in the
where
| | and
| |
is the unit tangent vector.
Here,
( )
( )
and,
(
| |
| |
Now,
| |
Hence,
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14. Define partial derivative of a function (

) with respect to x at the point (
)
State Eulers theorem, verify it for the function (
( )
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).
The partial derivative of (

|
) w.r.t.
(
at the point (
) is
provided the limit exists.

Eulers Theorem (Statement):
Here,
The given function is,
(
)
We know,
(
Hence, Eulers theorem is verified.

15. Find a particular integral of the equation

(
)
The auxiliary equation is,
Then the complementary equation is,

(
)
(
)
(
Now, the partial integration (P.I.)

(
)
)
)
(
)(
(
[(
[(
Group C
16. Graph the function
)
)
)]
(
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(5X8=40)
Here,
and,
( )
Since the first derivative of is zero at

and undefined at
, so the
critical points are
and
. These critical points divide the X-axis into
), ( ) and (
). By using the first derivative test for monotonic
intervals (
), decreasing on
functions, we can assume that the function is increasing on (
( ) , and increasing on (
) because
( )
at each point
(
)
(
) and ( )
( ).
at each point
has a local maximum at
( changes from positive to negative) and
that has a local minimum at
( changes from negative to positive).
The local minimum value is
( )
(
)
( )
And the local maximum value is
( )
Since
( )
) is zero at
and undefined at
, so
the possible inflection points are

and
.
By using the second derivative test for concavity, we see that is concave
) and concave up on the intervals (
) and (
) because
down on (
( )
(
) and
( )
(
)
at each points
at each points
(
).
and
), increasing concave up on
Hence, is increasing concave down on (
(
), decreasing concave up on ( ) and increasing concave up on (
).
We see that there is an inflection point at
, but not at
because
the concavity does not change at
.
However,
The function
is continuous
as
and
as
The concavity does not change at
tells us that the graph has a
cusp at
.
Graph:
(
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17. What is meant by Maclaurin series? Obtain the Maclaurin series for the function
( )
.
I
S
Let be a function with derivatives of all orders throughout some interval

containing 0 as an interior point. Then the Maclaurin series generated by at
is
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
We have,
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
Similarly,
( )
( )
Then the Maclaurin series is
( )
( )
( )
( )
18. Evaluate the double integral
by applying the transformation
and integrating over an appropriate region in the uv-plane.

Solution
Here,
and
and,
We find the boundaries of G by substituting these expressions into the
equations for the boundaries of R.
boundaries
boundary of R
for
the Corresponding
- Simplified
equations for the boundary
of G
-equation
The Jacobian of the transformation is,

(
)
)
(
(
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)
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Now,
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C
| (
)|
[ ]
[ ]
19. Define maximum and minimum of a function at a point. Find the local maximum and
)
local minimum of the function (
.
Solution
Here, the given function is,
(
)
We know,
(
For local extreme values,
(i)
and,
(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii),
takes its extreme value at (
).
Now,
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So,
(
Since,
and
Now, the maximum value is,

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, there exists a maximum value at (
).
OR
Find the volume of the region D enclosed by the surface
.
and
Solution
The volume is given by,
)
The integral of (
over D. to find the limits of integration for evaluating
the integral, we first sketch the region the surfaces intersect on the elliptical cylinder
, the boundary of the region P, the
projection of D out of the -plane is an ellipse with the same equation
.
The upper boundary of R is the curve
The lower boundary of R is the curve
[ ]
[(
[ (
[ (
( ) (
)]
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)]
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)]
I
S
[After integrating with substitution
20. Find the solution of the equation
Solution
The given equation is,
(
)
Then, the C.F. is,

(
)
(
Now, the particular integral is,
(
(
(
)
)(
Hence, the general solution is

(
OR
Find the particular integral of the equation (
where
.
(
)
l
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p
Then the complementary equation is,

(
)
(
)
(
Now, the partial integration (P.I.)

(
)
)
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)(
(
[(
[(
)
)
)]
(
IOST, TU
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Calulo Ivan

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Csc.

1. Verify the mean value theorem for the function ( )

) is continuous for [0, 1] and differentiable for (-1, 1).

2. Find the length of the curve

Here, the given curve is

Now, the length of the curve for

positive and less than or equal to the corresponding terms of

The geometric series on the left converges and we have

4. Obtain the semi-major axis, semi-minor axis, foci, vertices

Here, the given equation is,

Distance from focus to centre,

5. Find the angle between the vectors

The angle between the vectors is given by

6. Obtain the area of the region R bounded by

in the first quadrant.

Here, the given equations are:

7. Show that the function

every point in the plane except the origin.

has thus number as its limit as (

8. Using partial derivatives, find

9. Verify that the partial differential equation

) is a solution of the partial differential equation

10. Find the general solution of the equation

Taking the first two ratios,

Integrating both sides,

Then, the general solution is

Mean value theorem for definite integrals(Statement): If

Dividing all sides by (

, the principal unit normal vectors for a smooth curve in the

is the unit tangent vector.

14. Define partial derivative of a function (

The partial derivative of (

provided the limit exists.

Hence, Eulers theorem is verified.

Here, the given equation is,

Then the complementary equation is,

Now, the partial integration (P.I.)

Since the first derivative of is zero at

the possible inflection points are

Let be a function with derivatives of all orders throughout some interval

18. Evaluate the double integral

by applying the transformation

and integrating over an appropriate region in the uv-plane.

The Jacobian of the transformation is,

For local extreme values,

Now, the maximum value is,

, there exists a maximum value at (

[After integrating with substitution

20. Find the solution of the equation

Then, the C.F. is,

Hence, the general solution is

Then the complementary equation is,

Now, the partial integration (P.I.)

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