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374 376 PDF
374 376 PDF
374 376 PDF
UDC 620.184.4
Fig. 1. Microstructure of steel 35L at an internal boundary of a zone of columnar crystals of a casting (a) and in the surface layer of the casting (b), Nital
etching, x 100.
374
0026-0673/96/0910-0374515.00 1997 Plenum Publishing Corporatiol
Heat Treatment for Exhibiting the Dendritic Structure of Cast Hypoeutectoid Steel
~1 r
[ r~'r
\Mn
IwV
375
1" , t ,
both steels); KeSi= 0.93 (for the steel containing 0.15% C),
. !~
20
40
60
80
S, I.tm
form. Sincetac=[ta~z+RTlnNcl+[RTlunyc I
id
~tc
(where Nc is
x
P'c
the carbon concentration in atomic fractions, ~ is the chemical potential of carbon in its standard state, ~ is the chemical
potential in an ideal solution, ta~x is the excess chemical potential), the condition ~c = const corresponds to the condition
In N c + ln~, = const. Consequently, in the regions where 7c is
reduced (due to the presence of an elevated amount of components of type i), the concentration N should be above the
average value. For this reason austenite is inhomogeneous
with respect to carbon even when the latter is characterized
by an equilibrium distribution.
The amount of carbon is reduced along the axes of dendrites; at the temperature Ar 3 ferrite begins to segregate in
these regions. Subsequent portions ferrite are deposited on
crystals of it already formed, and therefore, at Ar t , pearlite
segregates mainly between dendrite branches, making the
dendritic pattern of the metal more pronounced. In steels
characterized by inverse segregation of silicon (for C > 0.35%)
this phenomenon can be observed metallographically due to
polarization of the primary structure with respect to manganese and silicon. For example, in the cross section of a dendrite branch in Fig. 3 we can see darker ferrite enriched in
silicon and depleted of manganese and coated by a thin border of lighter "deposited" ferrite that undergoes a y--~ ct
transformation at a lower temperature.
376
A . A . Zhukov et al.
cles" the steel "polarizes" with respect to manganese and silicon (in the simplest case o f unalloyed steels), i.e., manganese
and carbon concentrated between dendritic branches force
silicon into the dendrite axial zone [3], which becomes more
susceptible to ferrite segregation when austenite is cooled below Ar 3 .
Consequently, only true homogenizing o f east steel with
respect to all its components can eliminate completely the
possibility of formation o f a dendrite pattern in a ferrite-pearlite transformation that occurs in the range A r 3 - A r I. Conversely, selective homogenizing annealing can increase the
capacity of the steel to form such a pattern.
REFERENCES
Nc < N ~ "n.
34.
3. A. A. Zhukov, "On upward diffusion of components of carbon
and alloyed steel in homogenizing," Metalloved. Term. Obrab.
Met., No. 12, 56 (1976).