Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Gender Mainstreaming Strategy
Gender Mainstreaming Strategy
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Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Contextual Background................................................................................................................................. 4
Part One: International Framework and Lebanese Political Will and Commitment .................................... 6
Lebanese Political Will and Commitment ................................................................................................. 9
Part Two: MOSA Gender Mainstreaming Strategy ..................................................................................... 11
What will Gender Mainstreaming Offer? ............................................................................................... 11
Goal of the Gender Mainstreaming Strategy .......................................................................................... 11
Outline of the GMS ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Findings of the Gender Audit .............................................................................................................. 12
Scope for the Gender Mainstreaming Strategy .................................................................................. 13
Outcomes ............................................................................................................................................ 13
Strategic Framework ........................................................................................................................... 14
Empowerment Framework ................................................................................................................. 15
Approach ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
Way Forward............................................................................................................................................... 17
Main steps .............................................................................................................................................. 17
The Action Plan for the Gender Mainstreaming Strategy ...................................................................... 21
Monitoring and Evaluation ..................................................................................................................... 23
Gender Mainstreaming Strategy - Monitoring Plan ................................................................................... 24
ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................................................... 27
References .................................................................................................................................................. 37
List of Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................... 39
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Introduction
This five-year strategy lays out a framework and sets an action plan to promote gender equality across the
Ministry of Social Affairs. The Gender Mainstreaming Strategy provides MOSA with a binding framework,
which nevertheless it offers some flexibility in the implementation phase. With the political will of the policy
makers and the commitment of the staff members inside MOSA, it is envisioned that this Gender
Mainstreaming Strategy will be implemented in a manner suited to the different sectors of MOSA.
Organization of the GMS: This working document of the Gender Mainstreaming Strategy starts by providing
an overview covering the contextual background subsequently after the introduction section of the report.
This working document consists of two parts along with four attachments in a separate annex:
The first part presents international framework along with the key national commitments reflecting the
State political will. This part presents an overview of the main documents that set out the commitment to
gender mainstreaming and gender equality. This part contains basic background knowledge necessary for
MOSA staff and others to get familiar with the framework of the GMS since it provides an overview of the
global and institutional context in which gender mainstreaming policies and strategies have evolved. The
second section of part one presents the main concepts of gender mainstreaming and main definition as set
out in the international documents.
The second part presents the developed Gender Mainstreaming Strategy. It first presents the outline and
main principles of the Gender Mainstreaming strategy. Then it walks the reader through a realistic plan of
action with appropriate steps to be taken as a guide for active use. The last section of this part presents the
robust monitoring plan with main definitions of Monitoring and Evaluation.
First attachment: provides the main Scope of Work of the proposed Gender committee to be
instituted in MOSA
Third attachment: presents the findings of the Gender Audit as extracted from the original
report conducted by CRTDA.
Background: The Ministry of Social Affairs (MOSA) commissioned the Collective for Research and Training
on Development Action (CRTD.A) to develop a gender equality strategy to address the findings and
recommendations emanated from a gender audit exercise conducted by CRTD.A (April 2011 April 2012).
The main aim of the gender audit exercise was to determine opportunities and challenges of mainstreaming
gender in national policies and programs, due to the impact of gender mainstreaming on womens economic
participation and empowerment. Additionally, the gender audit exercise aimed to explore possibilities for
supporting internal processes for gender mainstreaming and for identifying gaps in capacity building
required to support existing or potential efforts for gender mainstreaming. The gender audit exercise
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targeted MOSAs internal administrative processes regarding gender roles, organizational behavior, and
womens direct economic participation.. Subsequently a report was developed in May 2013 that serves as an
anchor and base of the scope of this strategy.
(elderly, children, etc) or specific sectors implemented through parallel projects or joint initiatives
with international organizations or CSOs.
CRTD.A
The Collective for Research and Training on Development Action (CRTD.A) is a Lebanese non-governmental
organization officially registered in 1999 and is located in Beirut. CRTD.As programs and scope of
interventions include working at grassroots, local, regional, and international levels on gender equality and
womens rights with development initiatives targeting women and community groups and on promoting
womens rights and gender equality in Lebanon and in the Middle East and North African region.
Contextual Background
Women in Lebanon
The conditions of Lebanese Women are also fairly unique: a gender analysis of Lebanons development
indicators reveals that Lebanese women experience relatively high levels of health and education, but are
lacking a commensurate presence in the public sphere. Such gains in health and education are not reflected
in womens economic empowerment, advancement in politics or full equality under the law2
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In the National Situation Analysis Womens Human Rights and Gender Equality produced by Europe, states
that the situation of Lebanese women has always been highly two-edged: on the one hand, a wide
emancipation of women, schooling on footing with men, active participation in the various fields of social,
economic and cultural life and on the other hand, a great discrimination in the family codes and a striking
backwardness in political participation. In the public sphere, over 60 years have passed since the law of
1953, which recognized equal rights for men and women in elections, voting and candidacy. However,
womens rate of participation in political life is still very low, including in candidacy. (Euromed 2010: p 8, 9).
This is echoed in CRTD-As report on gender profile of Lebanons equality and economic indicators stating
that:
While Lebanon boasts some of the best gender statistics in health and education in the Arab region,
not to mention the degree of social mobility for women that exist in the country, it is also home to
some of the worst regional rates of gender equality in areas of political representation and
leadership, and is among the countries in the region which have enacted the fewest changes to
discriminatory laws governing personal status and citizenship
The National Social Development Strategy of Lebanon in 2011, developed by MOSA, states that even though
Lebanese women are seen by the world to enjoy a better status than other Arab women due to the
countrys pluralism, many issues hinder their progress in the Lebanese society. A noticeable disparity
remains in womens participation in decision-making positions across various fields and sectors. While
women occupy high levels in the areas of economy and finance, education and social affairs, giving them
power and authority in those sectors, female participation in the political arena is yet to be visible. While
gender is already respected in many policies and rules, a dire need still remains for the government and
society to have a clear vision on how to improve the status of women in all realms.
The Gender Audit Report of May 2013 developed by CRTDA mentioned that according to the Euromed
Gender Equality Program (EGEP) findings, women in Lebanon are still challenged by many legal, social, and
cultural issues. Meanwhile, non-governmental organizations suffer from lack of a system wide government
actions, as well as organizational challenges. These limitations lead to a lack of coordination between actors
regarding their various programs.
The national priorities highlighted subsequent to the Euromed Gender Equality Program (EGEP) findings
included the need to:
Develop the institutional capacities of the Lebanese parties concerned in both public and associative
sectors.
Develop strategic considerations to which the public institutions concerned and the Lebanese nongovernmental organizations and associations should adhere, with the technical support of bilateral
and multilateral agencies. This mainly involves promoting the creation of mechanisms to constantly
renew the national strategy for Lebanese Women through a participatory approach.
Develop a network of actions promoting active participation of women in decision-making in public
life and a network of pressure groups combating violence against women.
As a result, Lebanese women face critical situations because of beliefs and norms of their local communities.
Government and civil society have started to recognize and understand the importance of gender relations,
as well as the essential role of women achieving sustainable development.
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Part One: International Framework and Lebanese Political Will and Commitment
International Framework
The CEDAW Convention the Beijing Platform for Action and the UN
Millennium Declaration
The most important agreement binding governments to promote womens rights is the UN Convention on
the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) that was established in 1979. The
Convention was ratified by Lebanon in 19963and by 2002 it had been ratified by 170 countries. The UN
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women monitors the implementation of the
Convention by means of the periodic reports that every state that has ratified it is obliged to make to the
UN.
CEDAW is the most comprehensive agreement on basic human rights for women, and a critical step in
developing a standard for such rights. The Convention contains 30 articles and is based on three main
principles, as follows:
The Principle of Equality, stating that:
women are entitled to equal opportunities and treatment;
women should have equal access to resources;
women should not just receive formal equality, but laws may need to be changed and enforced so
that results can be seen.
The Principle of Non-discrimination, stating that:
discrimination is socially constructed, exclusionary and not essential to human interaction. It prevents
women from enjoying their rights and fulfilling their potential;
both direct discrimination (where intent exists) and indirect discrimination (the effect of unintentional
actions) need to be actively redressed;
temporary measures (specific actions) can be put in place to correct past discrimination;
discrimination that occurs in the private sphere needs to be addressed, as much as discrimination in
the public sphere.
The Principle of State Obligation, stating that
once a State ratifies CEDAW it becomes party to legally binding obligations
to eliminate discrimination against women. The State will abide by and be
held accountable to the norms and standards mentioned in CEDAW;
the State is responsible for the welfare of its women and therefore must
take measures to protect their rights and redress any inequalities.
Source: Toolkit on Mainstreaming Gender Equality in EC Development Cooperation p.26
http://www.iiav.nl/epublications/2004/toolkit_on_mainstreaming_gender_equality.PDF
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Initial reports of States parties Lebanon - 2004
http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N04/502/59/PDF/N0450259.pdf?OpenElement
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Another important intergovernmental agreement is the Declaration and Platform for Action for improving
the status of women approved at the UNs Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995. The
Beijing Platform for Action includes goals and steps to be taken in twelve critical areas of life to improve the
position and influence of women and girls. All member countries of the UN are bound by the Platform for
Action, including of course Lebanon.
Critical areas of concern identified at the Beijing World Conference on Women 1995:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
The UN Beijing + 5 Follow-up Conference in 2000 approved a Political Declaration and Outcome Document
committing governments to take effective steps to enhance the implementation of the Beijing Platform for
Action. Governments also affirmed their commitment to new measures during the next five year period to
meet new types of challenges.
From this point onward, gender mainstreaming was established as a major global strategy for the promotion
of gender equality in the Beijing Platform for Action from the Fourth United Nations World Conference on
Women in Beijing in 1995. Hence, the ECOSOC agreed conclusions (1997/2) established some important
overall principles for gender mainstreaming4. In July 1997, the United Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
defined the concept of gender mainstreaming as follows:
"Mainstreaming a gender perspective is the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any
planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes, in all areas and at all levels. It is a strategy for making
women's as well as men's concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that
women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender
equality.5
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/pdf/ECOSOCAC1997.2.PDF
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The report of the Economic and Social Council for 1997 (A/52/3. 18 September 1997) on Gender
mainstreaming outlines the main principles for mainstreaming a gender perspective in the United Nations
system. These principles are primarily used as guidelines in most of the gender mainstreaming strategies and
policies.
Issues across all areas of activity should be defined in such a manner that gender differences can be
diagnosed that is, an assumption of gender- should not be made
Responsibility for translating gender mainstreaming into practice is system-wide and rests at the highest
levels. Accountability for outcomes needs to be monitored constantly.
Gender mainstreaming also requires that every effort be made to broaden womens participation at all
level of decision-making.
Gender mainstreaming must be institutionalized through concrete steps, mechanisms and process in all
parts of the United Nations system.
Gender mainstreaming does not replace the need for targeted, women-specific policies and
programmes or positive legislation, nor does it substitute for gender of focal points.
Clear political will and allocation of adequate and, if need be, additional human and financial resources
for gender mainstreaming from all available funding sources are important for the successful translation
of the concept into practice.
The United Nations Millennium Declaration was approved at the 55th session of the General Assembly in
September 2000. The Millennium Declaration is a comprehensive political statement of international
commitment in which the leaders of countries pledge to work to ensure peace, development, protection of
the environment and human rights. The Declaration also includes concrete development
goals to be attained by 2015.
First: A document by Ministry of Social Affairs, Department of Family Affairs Womens Affairs Division on
19 September 2005 stated that Lebanon has signed most of the international treaties which call for the
elimination of violence, including, in particular, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Violence
against Women. However, it has made some reservations to these treaties regarding the issues of nationality
and personal status. Additionally, in 1995 the State of Lebanon ratified the Convention on the political rights
of women of 1953.
Second: The National ten-year strategy for Womens Affairs 2011 -2021constitutes a public document of a
consultative nature for all parties concerned with the improvement of the status of women in Lebanon, and
with the advancement of human rights in general in the country. It is also a facilitating tool for the formation
of a modern democratic state which seeks to apply good governance. Furthermore, The National Strategy
for Women in Lebanon (2011 2021) developed by National Commission for Lebanese Women and UNFPA
highlights gender equality in all fields and stressing the importance of gender mainstreaming as the right
approach to achieve full equality between men and women.. The National ten- year strategy endorsed
twelve strategic objectives which serve as the main framework of the strategy as follows:
1. Achieving citizenship to its full potential on the basis of equality between men and women in
defacto (fields of practice) rights and duties and dejure (legal texts).
2. Promoting opportunities for girls and women in the areas of education and training.
3. Achieving full equality between men and women in health care through the provision of health
services and care for girls and women, including reproductive-health care.
4. Combating poverty among women, and giving special attention to the eradication of poverty in
general
5. Promoting the participation of women in the economic sector.
6. Achieving equality between men and women in all fields and sectors and in decision-making
positions.
7. Combating all forms of violence affecting girls and women in all areas.
8. Eradicating stereotyping of women in local culture and in such media forms as ratio, television and
advertising.
9. Enhancing the contribution of women to environment protection
10. Strengthening the capacity of institutions concerned with womens issues at the national level,
and reinforcing the partnership NCLW and public-sector departments and institutions, and with
civil society
11. Protecting girls and women in situations of emergency, armed conflict, war and natural disaster
12. Introducing gender mainstreaming in all fields.
Source: The National ten-year strategy for Womens Affairs 2011 -2011
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Third: MOSA developed The National Social Development Strategy of Lebanon in 2011with a clear mission
statement along with a set of five main objectives as follows:
Mission Statement
The National Social Development Strategy leads the way to integrated development and an enhanced
quality of life through better and more equitable provision of social services, and expansion of socioeconomic opportunities.
Main Objectives:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The National Social Development Strategy of Lebanons a document contains a section on gender
mainstreaming (section 4.4 page 23). The section describes the tasks of the Womens Affairs division at the
Ministry of Social Affairs Department of Family Affairs and calls on the Lebanese government to implement
the following tasks:
Put in place a strategy which would include time-bound targets for a systematic review and revision
of all legislation that is against womens rights.
Strengthen the existing national womens machinery, namely the National Commission for Lebanese
Women and the MOSA Womens division, by providing them with the adequate authority and
resources, both human and financial, to make them more effective in the fulfilment of their
mandates based on an all-encompassing gender equality perspective.
Mainstream a gender perspective in all policies and programs in all sectors including through training
and capacity building measures on gender issues.
Hold consultations among the main actors in this domain, especially NGOs concerned by gender
mainstreaming, for planning and implementing the gender mainstreaming process.
In the same vein, it is worth mentioning that by virtue of conducting the Gender Audit and the development
of this strategy, MOSA has expressed its political will and commitment to gender equality goals and values
that have to be realized through significant organizational change. The fact that a time and effort were
allocated to support the Gender Audit was implemented is a translation of the commitment of MOSA since it
is consistent with the international commitment as articulated by MOSA regarding gender equality.
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GMS lays out a focused plan to help MOSA in carrying out its mandate and commitment to meet the
demands and aspirations of the Lebanese citizens.
Source: http://www.blog.learningpartnership.org/2013/05/lebanon-gender-audit-ministry-social-affairs/
The findings of the Gender Audit are attached in the Annex part so that the reader relate to the rationale behind the strategy and
its background.
8
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Organizational Level: Addressing MOSAs gender infrastructure requires putting in place gender
policies and establishing a gender balance in the leadership hierarchy. This involves not only
increasing resources for womens programs but also implies that staff are well equipped technically
and have the right knowledge on gender concepts including gender equality and gender justice. This
level encompasses setting out policies, measures, ministerial decrees and enactment of certain
measures aiming at gender equality at the organizational level.
Cultural and Social Level: In order to better show impact on development on the ground, it is
important to address the rigid cultural social gender norms and imbalance of power dynamics. This
entails working on two levels;
o First level is to work on developing the learning capacity of women and men at the
community level on gender and social/cultural norms
o Second level is to hone the skills and knowledge of MOSA service providers and staff on
gender and development issues and scholarships
Outcomes
In order to achieve this goal, this strategy is aiming at five overarching outcomes. The shaded box shows the
outcomes with the GE (Gender Equality) results:
Reduce the gender-gap in perceptions of concepts related to gender roles and gender based division
of labour among MOSA employees
Socially and economically empower women and girls and influence decision-making in households,
communities, and societies.
Develop gender responsive/specific processes in all MOSA services and projects targeting all
citizens.
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Strengthen and consolidate partnerships with other government departments, academia, research
and study centers at universities, with civil society and external agencies
Institute a gender mainstreaming committee at the A gender Committee acting as a gender expert is institutionalized. Such an
organizational body would reflect the stated commitment of the ministry to
policy level within MOSA
gender equality.
Reduce the gender-gap in perceptions of concepts MOSA staff are fully aware of gender concepts and are capable to address GE in their
related to gender roles and gender based division of daily work and conferences/workshops . . . etc
labor among MOSA staff
Socially and economically empower women and
girls and influence decision-making in households,
communities, and societies
Develop gender-responsive/specific processes in all
MOSA services and projects targeting all citizens
Increase in the capability of women and girls to realize their rights, determine, their life
outcomes, and influence decision-making in household, communities, and societies.
Increase in the availability of sex disaggregated data
MOSA officials are well aware of the importance of gender equality in their own
fields/projects/directorates/
GE and women empowerment intiatives are coordinated with civil society and womens
Strategic Framework
Engendering MOSAs structure, system and programs that serves people, is the crux of the gender
mainstreaming. This is not a mission impossible; however, it does require time, commitment and will; along
with resources, investment, and leadership. In order to mainstream gender in the above mentioned levels
(institutional, operational and cultural) the following five complementary strategic areas must be developed:
Figure 4: Strategic Areas for Gender Mainstreaming
Strategic Area
Meaning
Political
Will
and This reflects the commitment and the deep belief of the leadership to mainstream
gender in the structure and system of MOSA. A continuous support for the gender
Accountability
equality and a follow up on its implementation are needed.
Organizational Culture
This reflects how policies and systems are set to promote gender equality, which
is ultimately reflected in patterns of behaviors, attitudes and codes of conduct to
create a gender friendly organizational culture. Gender equality starts at the
institutional level in that sense leadership and top management must set an
example and live the values as this will be an important factor in the
implementation of new policies on gender equality.
Gender Equality within This reflects equal opportunity policies and ensures gender balance across all of
MOSA
MOSAs hierarchical levels and field of responsibilities. Equal opportunities are an
integral aspect for gender equality. The ultimate aim is to ensure that
opportunities and capabilities are met with no discrimination based on sex,
religion, ethnicity, sect, etc. This entails designing and adjusting measures and
procedures to enable women and men alike to find balance between work and
family life.
Gender Competencies
This refers to gender knowledge. How well MOSA staff, including directors,
managers, and officers, are aware of the gender term and its implications as well.
Gender competency goes beyond the knowing what gender means to a deeper
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Process Adjustment
understanding of knowing why power dynamics and relations between men and
women exist. Competency in gender is not satisfied with gender-sensitive staff
and leadership but it aims at training gender-responsive and transformative staff9
to be able to influence change.
This entails rethinking and revisiting all processes to ensure that all existing
processes and instruments are gender-sensitive. This might require mere
adjustment, total transformative processes and/or designing new tools and
instruments. This would also include process adopted in services and projects of
MOSA so that services are more gender responsive i.e. all services should meet
needs and interests of women and men.
Empowerment Framework
The Gender Audit reveals that in terms of empowerment, the general sentiment was that there is still room
for women in Lebanon to be empowered, though many participants also raised the idea that Lebanese
society as a whole, including both men and women, needed empowerment. The most popular suggestion for
empowering women was to educate and raise awareness of both women and men about gender issues. It
was also suggested that women would be able to attain financial empowerment through the provision of
more jobs.
Departing from this vantage, this GMS adopts the empowerment framework as the overarching component
encompassing the institutional capacity building alongside with empowering communities. The
empowerment framework is focused on empowering the relationship between institutions, actors in order
to improve development outcomes, particularly to serve citizens. Institutional and State reform that
supports investments in people, men and women alike, and their organizations leads to improved
development outcomes, including improved governance, better-functioning and more inclusive services,
more equitable access to markets, strengthened civil society. Institutional reform to support the
empowerment of people means changing the relationship between the state and people and their
organizations. It focuses on investing in peoples assets and capabilities, both individual capabilities and the
collective capacity to organize, to enable them to participate effectively in society and to interact with their
government.
Approach
Gender mainstreaming is a complex process of learning as it requires a transformation of both programming
and organizational practice. Gender mainstreaming is the strategy while gender equality is the goal and the
result. This strategys approach for MOSA recommends focusing on three inter-related strategies:
Technical Capacity Development
Organizational Shift/Change
Forging partnerships with Civil Societies, and External Agencies
Concepts of gender-sensitive and gender-transformative are mentioned in details in the annex to provide the exact definitions.
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Organizational Shift/Change
It is important to influence and change the current values and views on gender that prevail within MOSA.
These changes can be realized through approaches such as ensuring gender balance on technical and
administrative teams. In another facet, it is essential to involve men as partners not as a cumbersome
participants and obstacles in the process of gender mainstreaming. Changes may take the form of altering
MOSAs structure and personnel policies to create an enabling environment for an egalitarian work place
and culture. These steps should include but not be limited to the development and implementation of
gender policies, planning frameworks and developing technical resources as tools and guidelines.
Forging Partnership
Establish and strengthen partnerships that effectively support the development and implementation of
programs that address gender inequalities and reduce womens and girls vulnerabilities, provide
quality technical assistance, and build capacity of groups
Partnership with civil society is another way to enhance gender mainstreaming. In many instances, civil
society groups are well positioned to understand the critical gender issues in Lebanon and to work
effectively with the government to influence the political agenda and identify gender-responsive
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Way Forward
This section translates the above GMS into an action plan with a coherent monitoring plan. Good models and
best practices show that systematic change work is essential when an organization seeks to build up longterm gender mainstreaming in its core activities, system and operation. Most importantly, a budget should
be allocated to carry out the plan of action. The objective of gender mainstreaming work is to make
operations gender-equal, i.e. to provide services that are equally accessible, of equally high quality and
equally well adapted to all citizens, irrespective of sex. To achieve this, we draw up a plan for how to
improve gender equality. Therefore, this section is divided into three parts:
First part: walks you through the main implementation steps of GMS. It offers a step-by-step guide on the
essential steps on GM. It also provides some checklists to serve as a tracking model.
Second part: presents the plan of action outlining the main goal, main outcomes/objectives, activities and GE
(Gender Equality) results
Third Part: outlines the monitoring and evaluation aspect of the GMS. The monitoring plan is defined for
implementation
Main steps
Step One:
Plan and Organize
Management takes the responsibility for planning and setting targets for gender mainstreaming. The Gender
committee will have to play a vital role in this step too. Directives are to be developed and provided from
the top on how the work is to be organized. This step translates the political will into concrete action and
benchmarks.
A list of guiding questions is developed with a special focus on how the organization can ensure that
development work is improved and has a lasting impact. Also it helps to achieve the National ten- year
strategy endorsed twelve strategic objectives as mentioned in page 5. This guiding checklist also can be used
in a gender equality audit. The questions also provide guidance and inspiration in the initial phase of the GM
work.
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Aspect of analysis
1
In what way does the management make clear its commitment to developing and introducing gender
mainstreaming?
What are the explicit actions do senior staff take to communicate the work of gender mainstreaming
and ensure that it is understood by MOSA staff?
Identify who is the senior staff responsible for following up and developing the work?
What are the necessary financial conditions for gender mainstreaming? Is there a budget allocation?
Is there a time allocated for this?
What is the current level of competence and gender knowledge of the staff? Does this need to be
improved?
Is there a plan for what skills and knowledge staff need to carry out their assignment/work?
How will the staff be guided and mentored to apply their acquired knowledge and skills?
8
9
Is there a long-term plan for how the organization can supply the knowledge and skills needed for
further development?
Is there a scope of work/TOR (Terms of Reference) for the gender focal points?
10
Is the work of the gender committee defined and visible to all staff?
11
What are the methods and other procedures that MOSA adopt to achieve the expected goals and
results?
12
In what way are the sex-disaggregated data and statistics used in the operational work of the GM
work?
13
Step Two:
Building knowledge - Basic Awareness
Before gender mainstreaming work begins, all MOSA staff must acquire a basic understanding of the
National Strategy of Social Development of 2011 and the gender mainstreaming strategy. This form of
capacity building should encompass concepts of gender equality and gender theory. They will then know
more on how to link gender equality into their existing work, tasks and activities. This will lead a heightened
awareness of gender issues and to greater interest in them. Senior management, too, need to be included in
this form of capacity building in order to reach decisions to move the GM work forward.
Training is fundamental to success of the GM work. Both management and staff must be aware of the power
relations and gender concepts. This will motivate MOSA staff to realize the importance of the gender
mainstreaming to ensure equitable access to services and benefits i.e. to provide services that are equally
accessible, of equally high quality and equally well adapted to all citizens, irrespective of gender. Building
peoples knowledge is the bedrock of the success of gender equality in order to understand and use
information and analyses effectively.
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As such, MOSA has started a training program on gender concepts and gender mainstreaming for its staff
since 2013, around 011 employees have already trained.
Example of questions to be included in such trainings :
What needs to change in your work ( in the Ministry) and operation to make it more
gender equal?
How must I change my own behavior and thinking in order to be part of this process?
Step Three:
Implementation Phase
MOSA implements activities and undertake certain measures to achieve gender equality. Here are some
guiding questions to walk through the implementation process:
What financial conditions are necessary for gender mainstreaming? How much time is needed?
What is the current level of competence for MOSA staff ? Does this need to be improved? What is
the plan for staff performance development?
What are the proposed measures to ensure implementation of the work plan of the GM? Here is a
suggested table to track changes
For example one concrete measure is the development of the Gender committee. Such an organizational
body would reflect the stated commitment of the ministry to gender equality. MOSA should set up a
Gender committee to plan and support the Gender Mainstreaming strategy. It acts as a consultative
body that can make recommendations and proposals to the Leadership body of the Ministry. The
Gender committee also monitors the implementation of the agreed upon work plan. Additionally the
Gender committee coordinates all relevant gender work and activities with other partners including
academia, civil society, and womens organizations, among others. A detailed proposed SOW of the
gender committee is included in attachment two.
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Proposed measures
Starting Point
is Completed
Responsible?
Step Four:
Evaluate the outcome
This step enables management to evaluate progress from a gender equality point of view. Senior staff makes
sure that the results are followed up, and evaluate the outcome by answering questions such as the
following:
Monitoring and follow-up: What are the results/outcomes? What are the main adopted processes? How far
were these processes successful? How do we assess the quality of the implementation plan?
Evaluation: Have we achieved our main goals/objectives? What are the lessons learned? How do we make
positive change last? What are the next steps?
Disseminate results: how do MOSA disseminate the outcome and the lessons learned throughout the course
of the action plan? How does MOSA make the outcome sustainable? How does MOSA celebrate the success?
An Action Plan
The plan of action: This plan and its implementation strategy are premised on the political will and
commitment of MOSA to take the efforts forward to achieve its ultimate result of the gender equality.
Additionally, its underlying assumption is that a process of change and improvement should happen by
adopting several actions. To be effective, such a process of the gender mainstreaming should be organized
along the lines of widely accepted stages. Realistic goals, objectives and means for implementation and
action need to be established and coordinated in accordance with a countrys context, priorities and capacity
and based on efforts and willingness of the staff of MOSA as well as the policy makers.
20 | P a g e
Strategic
Activities
Direction
Outcome One:
Institute a gender
mainstreaming
advisory unit at the
policy level within
MOSA
(Gender
Equality)
Results
Political
will
and
accountability
Organizational
culture
shift/change
Process
Adjustment
Outcome Two:
Gender
Reduce the genderCompetencies
gap in perceptions of
concepts related to
gender roles and
gender based division
of labour among
employees
GE
21 | P a g e
mechanisms of implementing
gender
mainstreaming
in
programs within the Ministry.
Outcome Three:
Women
Socially
and
Empowerment
economically
empower women and
girls and influence
decision-making
in
households,
communities,
and
societies.
Outcome Four
Advocacy and
Develop gender Policy Change
responsive/specific
processes in all MOSA
services and projects
targeting all citizens.
Outcome Five:
Forging
Strengthen
and
Partnership
consolidate
partnerships
with
other
government
departments,
research and study
centers
at
universities, with civil
society and external
agencies
Consultations on GE and
women empowerment are
coordinated with civil society
and
womens
advocacy
organizations.
MOSA success stories and
good practices are shared and
disseminated through civil
society
and
womens
advocacy groups . . . etc.
22 | P a g e
23 | P a g e
Illustrative
Means of
Indicators
Verification
Frequency
and
schedule of
data
collection
Strengthen gender equality both in the programs and services that MOSA is mandated to deliver and
within MOSA itself
Outcome One:
Institute a gender
mainstreaming
advisory unit at the
policy level within
MOSA
Outcome Two:
Reduce the gender-
gap in perceptions of
concepts related to
gender roles and
gender
based
division of labour
among employees
A Ministerial decree is
issued and approved
indicating
the
establishment of the
Gender committee
A periodic report
reflecting
the
technical activities of
the ministerial decree
is issued and approved
Number
workshops/meetings
with MOSA staff
introduce GMS
of
to
Workshops
reports
24 | P a g e
Outcomes
Illustrative
Means of
Indicators
Verification
Frequency
and
schedule of
data
collection
mainstreaming in programs
within the Ministry.
Outcome Three:
Socially
and
economically
empower
women
and
girls
and
influence decisionmaking
in
households,
communities,
and
societies.
Number of financial
grants
provided
to
women to start new
business.
Number of sessions on
gender
concepts
targeting men
MOSA reports
Training reports
Pre and post tests
measuring the level of
comprehension
of
content
Documentation
of
number
of
success
stories (anecdotes) on
women entrepreneurs
who
managed
to
establish
their
own
business
and
demonstrating
their
successful
path
of
managing the financial
grants.
Number of partners
trained
Outcome Four
Develop gender
responsive/specific
processes in all
MOSA services and
projects targeting all
citizens.
Outcome Five:
Strengthen
and
consolidate
partnerships
with
Number
of
joint
reports and documents
produced by MOSA and
other partners
MOSA reports
Training reports
Pre and post test
measuring the change
in comprehension
Documentation
of
reports and events
Number of
consulted
experts
25 | P a g e
Outcomes
other government
departments,
research and study
centers
at
universities,
with
civil society and
external agencies
Illustrative
Means of
Indicators
Verification
Number
supporting
Frequency
and
schedule of
data
collection
of NGOs
MOSA
in
Number
of
conferences
and
seminars developed by
civil
societies
and
womens
organizations
Partnership with active womens
sponsored by MOSA
advocacy groups or womens and
gender studies units in research,
will help in developing necessary
researches and issuing policy briefs
when appropriate. Also, this
includes
developing
sexdisaggregated data in different
areas.
26 | P a g e
ANNEXES
Advice and support of staff in applying gender-sensitive activities, services, programmes, including follow
up to MOSA conferences or workshops
Plans and monitors gender mainstreaming in key areas of MOSA e.g. budgets, performance management,
projects, strategies, etc)
Reports and makes recommendations to the leadership and management body of MOSA
Participate in Coordinating and liaising all related gender work and activities with other stakeholders and
partners
28 | P a g e
Attachment Two:
The following section suggests recommendations at two levels, at the level of Project and at the level of
Effectiveness of the Gender Committee.
Level of Management:
Based on the above findings, this section suggests
recommendations for the Gender Committee to
mainstream gender across the management cycle:
Planning
Planning
Evaluation
Management
Review existing projects plans and activities and
mainstream gender across results, outcomes,
outputs and activities.
Review all learning material developed by the
different projects and include gender
Implementation
components in all of them adapted to the
different target beneficiaries
Produce a set of creative tools and modules that are flexible to be included in different activities
and shared by the different projects to their targeted beneficiaries and stakeholders (the game
produced by ABAAD promoting gender equity with kids can be a good example for such
products)
Organize planning retreats per project to plan for next year inviting to it staff members from
projects and SDCs, allowing them to voice their concerns, ideas and suggestions to mainstream
gender.
Management
Develop, in a participatory process, an internal gender policy to be adopted by the staff that can
eventually create a gender sensitive management.
Revisit the practice of recruiting contractual employees who do not have enough benefits to
become equally attractive irrespective of gender in areas such as: working hours, career
advancement options, benefits, etc
Design, develop and conduct a capacity building program targeting all staff levels, senior, junior
and field staff, including a coaching and follow up mechanism to ensure that they have the tools
to mainstream gender in their work. Different training modules should target people with
different responsibilities:
a. A gender sensitization project to target all project staff
b. A more advanced training on how to integrate gender sensitivity into the everyday
work of each staff member for selected staff members
c. An executive training for program managers and heads of SDCs and heads of units and
divisions at MOSA to help integrate gender into policy making.
Staff capacity building component and budget needs to be added; this allows integrating a
gender component in all programs.
29 | P a g e
Design a tool to measure gender awareness of potential recruits and develop an orientation
program for new ones that allows them to better grasp the project they are working on and
adopt a gender sensitive attitude.
Design and develop easy to use gender related training modules, and train selected staff to train
on them targeting their beneficiaries and stakeholders.
Implementation
Develop a follow up mechanism to regularly monitor gender indicators and suggest to the staff
corrective measures.
Organize awareness sessions for stakeholders interacting with various projects to raise their
gender sensitivities irrespective of the projects objectives.
Based on the main criteria adopted for the assessment framework and the expected role and
set of functions suggested for the gender committee, the following generic Monitoring and
Evaluation framework is suggested:
The indicators can be divided into process indicators which can be used to plan, measure and assess
the work of the committee (number of tools produced, policies revisited, etc) and output indicators
which can be used to assess the outputs achieved from the committee work and set plans and
objectives (% of gender sensitive services, number of reports including gender specific data, etc)
Indicators on Gender Perception
30 | P a g e
Number of beneficiary recruitment policies which mention gender equity as a criteria for selection
% of programs which purposefully include men and women as a target
% of male versus female beneficiaries among MoSA programs
Number of measures taken to cater for gender specific needs at work environment
Number of family friendly measures incorporated within programs
% of program managers perceived by staff as creating a gender sensitive environment
31 | P a g e
Attachment Three:
Findings of the Gender Audit
Social Context Perceptions of Gender inequality in Lebanon
In general most respondents among MoSAs employees conceded that there is no justice and
equality among men and women in Lebanon. A higher proportion of women compared to men indicated
that there is no justice or equality among women and men in Lebanon (86.4 percent and 63.6 percent
respectively). (See Table 1)
Table 1 Distribution of survey participants among MOSA employees by their attitude towards gender
equality and justice by gender
Q16 - In your opinion, is
Men
Women
Total
there justice and equality
Num
Per
Numb
Per
Numb
Per
between men and women in
ber
cent
er
cent
er
cent
Lebanon?
Yes
26
18.
67
11.
93
13.
6
7
1
No
89
63.
494
86.
583
81.
6
4
9
No Answer
25
17.
11
1.9
36
5.1
9
Total
140
100
572
10
712
10
.0
0.0
0.0
A higher proportion of women than men answered yes to the questions on norms affecting gender
equality. The difference between women and men narrowed for the question on the influence of the
system of division of labor on controlling women and limiting their freedom. The latter indicates a lack
of awareness among women on the gender perspective as it relates to the division of labor among
women and men in the public and private spheres on the lives of women controlling them and limiting
their freedom. (See table 2)
Table 2 Distribution of survey participants among MOSA employees according to gender perceptions/
attitudes by gender
Number and Percent responding with
Yes
Men
Women
Total
What is your opinion regarding the
following statements?
#
%
#
%
#
%
Q
Does the traditional social system play
9
6
5
9
6
8
7.1
0.0
5.5
20
a role in causing defects in equality 4
15
09
between men and women in Lebanon?
Q
Does the mechanism of division of
6
4
3
6
4
6
7.9
7.5
3.6
21
labor in the public and the private spheres 7
86
53
Q
23
9
7
6
9.3
90
8
5.7
87
8
2.4
32 | P a g e
A consensus in focus groups was on the existence of gender inequality in Lebanon primarily
related to social traditions. One respondent summarized the situation as follows Women are
prisoners of our traditions and our customs; the services dedicated to women have changed
but the mindsets have not.10 Women have progressed but there are still preconceived ideas
regarding womens roles and characteristics.11
One interviewee indicated that women are prisoners of our traditions and our customs; the
services dedicated to women have changed but the mindsets have not.12
An overwhelmingly larger proportion of women study participants (93 percent) agreed that women
need empowerment in contrast to 63.6 percent of men respondents; also 17.1 percent of men
respondents did not give an answer in contrast to only 1.9 percent among women respondents. (See
table 3)
Table 3 Distribution of survey participants among MOSA employees by their attitude towards the need for
women to be empowered in Lebanon by gender
Men
Women
Total
Q15 - In your opinion, do
women in Lebanon need
Num
Per
Numb
Per
Numb
Per
empowerment?
ber
cent
er
cent
er
cent
Yes
89
63.
532
93.
621
87.
6
0
2
No
27
19.
29
5.1
56
7.9
3
No Answer
24
17.
11
1.9
35
4.9
1
Total
140
100
572
10
712
10
.0
0.0
0.0
The vast majority of women (83 percent) indicated that womens empowerment is considered a
development priority in Lebanon in contrast with 50 percent among men. In addition almost a quarter of
all men (21.4 percent) did not give an answer to that question. (Refer to table 4).
10
33 | P a g e
Table 4 Distribution of survey participants among MOSA employees by their attitude towards the statement
womens empowerment as a development priority in Lebanon by gender
Q18 - In your opinion, is
Men
Women
Total
womens
empowerment
Num
Per
Numb
Per
Numb
Per
considered a development
ber
cent
er
cent
er
cent
priority in Lebanon?
Yes
70
50.
475
83.
545
76.
0
0
5
No
40
28.
81
14.
121
17.
6
2
0
No Answer
30
21.
16
2.8
46
6.5
4
Total
140
100
572
10
712
10
.0
0.0
0.0
The discussion on gender equality in Lebanon sparked lively debates in the focus groups. Although
several participants asserted that there is equality between men and women in Lebanon, many felt
some jobs were more suitable for men and others for women due to biology and physical anatomy.
Participants who perceived an inequality between men and women felt it existed on many levels due
to the influence of education, religion, social customs, finances and cultural traditions. One person
stated that, Women are prisoners of our traditions and our customs; the services dedicated to
women have changed but the mindsets have not.13 Another common theme participants brought up
was the responsibility a woman has towards her family, though people sensed that this was changing.
As one participant explained, Women have progressed but there are still preconceived ideas
regarding womens roles and characteristics.14
Respondents in focus groups indicated that social attitudes remain an obstacle to womens
economic empowerment as well. Some cited instances of husbands who did not want their wives to
work.
The belief that women were not able to carry out certain types of jobs for physical and mental
reasons was also prevalent among respondents. For example, a participant from the Department of
Equipping and Workers Affairs said, Some posts do not fit women because they are emotional, like
judges. It is true that women are strong but they are also too emotional and subjective.15
Social attitudes such as these form a major obstacle to further economic empowerment. A lack of
political resolve to tackle the problem was also cited as a barrier to change, as were laws that continue
to restrict women. Many respondents added that lack of funds limited MOSAs abilities to do more to
empower women.
Reflections of the in-depth interviews on issues of gender in Lebanese society
Based on the interview responses, gender inequalities clearly still exist in Lebanon, though several
people praised Lebanon for making progress in this area, and said they felt on a day-to-day level, men
and women were largely equal. "We believe differences in beliefs are eventually changing, due to the
13
14
34 | P a g e
evolution of ways of thinking and the increase of peoples awareness," said a participant from the
Authority of Family Affairs.16
Some people believe women are contributing more, and are often better educated and better paid
than men. Others, however, said social and religious customs still held women back. Many referred to
Lebanons patriarchal society, where men are the decision makers, and women lack economic and
political participation. "I believe that Lebanon is a male-dominated society and no one can change this
hypothesis of mine. I also feel that even in our culture and in our way of raising our children, we still
have this mentality of differentiating between a girl and a boy, said an interviewee from the Social
Training Center.17
Lebanese laws such as the nationality laws, which do not allow a Lebanese woman to pass on her
nationality to her children, were singled out as particularly unfavorable to women, as were divorce
laws. Retirement wages were also mentioned several times, whereby a woman's retirement wage does
not pass to her husband if she dies. Several respondents also mentioned the rules banning women from
opening bank accounts for their children. Almost all participants said laws needed to change to make
them equal for women.
16
17
35 | P a g e
Often leads to one sex enjoying more rights or opportunities than the other
Level 2: Gender-blind
Ignores differences in opportunities and resource allocation for women and men
Often constructed based on the principle of being fair by treating everyone the same
Level 3: Gender-sensitive
Level 4: Gender-specific
Considers gender norms, roles and relations for women and men and how they affect access to and
control over control over resources
Intentionally targets and benefits a specific group of women or men to achieve certain policy or
program goals to meet certain needs
Makes it easier for women and men to fulfill duties that are ascribed to them based on their gender
roles
Level 5: Gender-transformative
Considers gender norms, roles and relations for women and men and how they affect access to and
control over resources
Has the objective of promoting gender equality - Includes strategies to foster progressive changes in
power relationships between women and men
18
WHO Gender-Responsive Assessment Scale Guiding Questions (WHO, 2011, Gender Mainstreaming for Health
Managers: A practical approach
36 | P a g e
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Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women Initial reports of States parties
Lebanon - 2004
http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N04/502/59/PDF/N0450259.pdft
CRTD-A, Caught in Contradiction: A Profile of Gender Equality and Economy in Lebanon, Beirut:
CTRD-A. 2006 p.7 cited in Lebanon: An Overview Context, evolving demographics for women,
sexual and reproductive health, poverty and women, gender and rights, Dejong Jocelyn MeyersonKnox,
AUB,
Funded
by
UNFPA
file:///D:/LEBANON/GENDeR%20MAINSTREAMING/MOSA/unfpa.case_study.lebanon.pdf
Euromed (July 2101), National Situation Analysis Report, Womens Human Rights and Gender
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Euromed Gender Equality, (2010). Enhancing equality between men and women in the Euromed
region
(2008-2010).
Brussels.
http://www.euromedgenderequality.org/image/file/Analyse%20de%20la%20situation/SitAn%20Re
port_LB_EN_.pdf
Europe Aid (2004) Tools for mainstreaming gender equality in EC development Cooperation Ch.6 of
Handbook for concepts and methods for mainstreaming gender equality-Section 1 in Tool kit on
mainstreaming gender equality in EC development cooperation, Brussels: European Communities
Gender in Local Governments A source book for Trainers (2008), UN-Habitat United Nations
Human Settlements Programme.
Gender Mainstreaming Manual, (2007), A book of practical methods from the Swedish Gender
Mainstreaming Support Committee, Swedish Government Official Report.
Gender Equality Strategy, 2008 2011, (2005), United Nations Development Programme.
Gender Glasses in Use, A handbook to support gender equality work, Ministry of Sweden
IRC Guide to Design, Monitoring and Evaluation, November 2005. IRC (International Rescue
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UNFPA
p.1
file:///D:/LEBANON/GENDeR%20MAINSTREAMING/MOSA/unfpa.case_study.lebanon.pdf
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The National Social Development Strategy of Lebanon 2011, Ministry of Social Affairs, Lebanon.
United
Nation,
(2011)
Gender
http://www.un.org/womenwatch/osagi/gendermainstreaming.htm
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http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4652c9fc2.html [accessed 17 May
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for
Health
Managers:
A
practical
approach
http://www.who.int/gender/documents/health_managers_guide/en/
38 | P a g e
List of Acronyms
CEDAW
CRTD.A
EGEP
MOSA
REEW
REEWP
UNFPA
GMS
GE
Gender Equality
GM
Gender Mainstreaming
39 | P a g e