SM

Solutions Manual
Mathematics for
Engineers
Second Edition
Anthony Croft
Robert Davison
ISBN 0 131 201921

c
Pearson
Education Limited 2004
Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to download the manual as required.
Pearson Education Limited

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First published 1999

Second edition published 2004
c
Pearson
Education Limited 1999, 2004
The rights of Anthony Croft and Robert Davison to be

identied as authors of this work have been asserted by
them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988.
ISBN: 0 131 2019216
All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this
publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts,
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ii
Croft & Davison: Mathematics for Engineers 2nd Edition, Solutions Manual
The answers to most of the Exercises in the textbook are provided within the book itself. This Solutions Manual
provides many more of the answers where these are not given in the text, or where the authors have thought it may be
helpful to provide additional information. In particular we provide the solutions to many questions requiring graphical
answers and for which there was insucient room in the book itself.
Contents
Chapters 1-5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
10
11
12
13
14
Chapters 15 & 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapters 20-23
Chapter 24
Solutions to
typical examination papers
No additional solutions are

Chapter 6 Block 2
Chapter 6 Block 4
Chapter 6 Block 5
Chapter 6 Block 6
Chapter 6 Block 8
End of Chapter Exercises
Chapter 7 Block 2
Chapter 7 Block 5
Chapter 9 Block 4
Chapter 11 Block 5
Chapter 13 Block 1
Chapter 14 Block 1
Chapter 14 Block 2
Chapter 14 Block 3
Chapter 14 Block 5
Chapter 17 Block 3
Chapter 19 Block 4
Chapter 24 Block 1
Paper 1
Paper 2
c
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provided
2
4
5
6
7
10
11
11
13
provided
13
14
provided
14
provided
15
16
17
18
18
19
provided
20
provided
24
provided
25
25
27
32
Chapter 6 Block 2: The graph of a function

Exercises p136
5a)
15
f(x)=3x+2
10
-2
5
-5
domain [2, 5], range [4, 17]

5b)
10
g(x)=x2+4
x
-2
domain [2, 3], range [4, 13]

5c)
30
p(t)=2t2+8
20
10
t
-2
domain [2, 4], range [8, 40]

5d)
f(t)=6-t2
-5
-10
-15
domain [1, 5], range [19, 5]
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End of Block Exercises p138

1.
16
y=x2
x
-4
y = x2 ; domain [4, 4], range [0, 16]

x
-4
y=-x2
-16
y = x2 ; domain [4, 4], range [16, 0]

2.
20
y=7x+2
y=7x+1
10
-3
3
-10
-20
Both graphs have the same slope.

3.
10
y=4x
-3
y=3x
3
-10
Both graphs pass through the origin.

4.
TF
200
100
32
TC
0
50
100
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TF = 95 TC + 32. Range [32, 212].
5.
f(x)=(x-2)(x+4)
10
x
-5
-4 -3
-2
-1
-10
Range: [9, ).
Chapter 6 Block 4: One-to-one functions and inverse functions
Exercises p146
1. A one-to-many rule cannot be a function. For a rule to be a function requires a single output
to be generated from a given input.
2. For example, when x = 2 the value of y is 16. When x is 2 the value of y is also 16. So this
is a many-to-one function.
3.
y=3x-1
5
x
-3
any horizontal
line cuts y=3x-1
only once. The graph
is one-to-one
-5

1. a)
f(x)=-x
this function is one-to-one
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b)
this function is one-to-one
f(x)=-3x+7
7
c)
f(x)=x4
a horizontal line drawn through the

graph cuts more than once this is a many-to-one function
x
d)
f(x)=1/x
this is a one-to-one function
Chapter 6 Block 5: Parametric representation of a function

Exercises p152
2.
y
10
arrow shows increasing t
10

1.
y
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2.
y
y=7-x
arrow shows t increasing
-1
4.
y
x
0
Chapter 6 Block 6: Describing functions

Exercises p155
4.
f(x)
7
6
5
1
-5
-4
-3 -2 -1
Exercises p160
2. The function shown below is neither odd nor even. (It is a graph of the exponential function
f (x) = ex , explained in Chapter 8.)
f(x)
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1.
f(x)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-3
-1
-2
Chapter 6 Block 8: Common engineering functions

Exercises p179
5.
y
y
y=1 / x
y=1 / x2
Exercises p181
1.
a)
b)
c)
15
f(x)=7|x-3|
10
21
f(x)=3|x|
5
f(x)=|x+1|
x
-5
-1
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Exercises p182
1.
a)
b)
u(t)
t
1
-u(t)
-1
t
c)
d)
u(t+1)
u(t-1)
-1
f)
e)
3u(t)
2 3
-1
3
u(t-3) - u(t-2)
t
g)
t
-2u(t-3)
-2
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2.
25
This is the graph

of t 2 starting from t =1.
t2u(t-1)
1
1

2. y = x5 x2 + 2,
2 x 2.
y
20
10
-2
-1
-10
-20
3. y =
x1
.
x+2
y
1
-5
4. f (R) =
R
,
1+R
-4
-3 -2
R 0.
f(R)
1
5. u(t 6), u(t 5) and u(t 6) u(t 5). The nal graph is obtained by subtracting the
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10
second from the rst, term by term.

1
6
1
5
5 6
-1
6. 12 u(t + 1). Graph not provided.

7. t3 u(t 1). This is the same as the graph of t3 for t 1.
4
2
-2
-1
-2
-4
Chapter 6 End of Chapter Exercises p184

8. The signum function.
sgn (x)
-1
9.
u(t-1) -u(t-2)
-2
-1
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11
10. The ramp function is dened to be zero when x < 0, and takes the form of a straight line
when x 0.
f(x)
11. The graph of y = x + |x| is zero when x is negative and the same as y = 2x when x is
positive.
f(x)
-2
-1
12. The graph of f (x) = u(x 1)|x| switches on when x = 1 and thereafter is the same as
f (x) = x.
f(x)
-2
-1
Chapter 7 Block 2: Solving quadratic equations
Computer and Calculator Exercises p210

1. x = 2.876, x = 0.447, (3.dp)
2. x = 2.360, x = 2.270, (3.dp)
3. x = 0.324, x = 0.124, (3.dp)
Chapter 7 Block 5: Solution of inequalities

1. The graph shows f (x) = 6x3 + x2 4x + 1. Clearly f (x) is negative when x < 1 and when
0.33 < x < 0.5. This is the solution of the inequality.
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12
1.25
0.75 0.5 0.25
0.25 0.5 0.75 1
2. The graph shows f (x) = 4x4 + 9x3 3x2 10x. Clearly f (x) is positive when x < 2, when
1.2 < x < 0 and when x > 1. This is the solution of the inequality.
-5
3. The graph shows f (x) =

of the inequality.
x+2
.
x3
-4
-3 -2
Clearly f (x) is negative when 2 < x < 3. This is the solution
-10
-5
-2
-5
4. The graph shows f (x) = x+1

. Clearly f (x) is positive when x < 2 and when x > 1. This
x+2
is the solution of the inequality.
-10
-5
-2
-5
c
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13
5. The graph shows f (x) = (x1)(x+1)

. Clearly f (x) is negative when x < 1 and when
x3
1 < x < 3. This is the solution of the inequality.
-10
-5
10

7. The shaded region shows where x < 3 and y > 2.
y
x=3
y=-2
Chapter 9 Block 4: Trigonometrical functions and their graphs

13.
1
y = sin(x)
180
360o
-1
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14
14.
y = tan
x
2
180o
360o
15. Both y = A sin kx and y = A cos kx are periodic functions with the same period. Both have
amplitude A.
Chapter 9. End of Chapter Exercises p361
16.
The points of intersection give the solutions of sin x = cos(x 20 ).
y = sin x
y = cos(x 20 )
o
235
o
180o
55
360o
Chapter 11 Block 5: Computer graphics

14. This is a shear by a factor of 2 in the x direction.
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Chapter 13 Block 1: Basic concepts of vectors

Exercises p568
1.
r
1r
2
2r
-r
-3r
2.
4r
A
a
P
O
b
B
3.
A
a
m
O
P
b
c
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15
16
Chapter 13 Block 1: End of Block Exercises p568

1.
a
b
c
The result of finding a+b

(a+b)+c
a
c
b
a+b
a+b
The result of finding b+c

b+c
a+(b+c)
b+c
c
a
b
Note that the result of finding a+(b+c) is the same as

finding (a+b)+c.
Chapter 14 Block 1: Arithmetic of complex numbers

1.
a) 117 44j.
595
b) 28561
+
600
j
28561
= 0.0208 + 0.0210j (4dp).
2.
a) x = 7, x = 3j, x = 3j.
b) x = 1.5489 + 0.9308j, x = 1.5489 0.9308j, x = 0.7989 + 1.0228j, x = 0.7989 1.0228j
(4dp).
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17
3. s = 0.0880, 1.9471, 0.0350 (4dp). All the poles are real.

Chapter 14 Block 2: The Argand diagram and polar form of a complex number
Exercises p641
3.
a) & b)
j z = 5j
z=5
z = 2 + 3j
j z = 3 + 2j
In general multiplication by j rotates a complex number anticlockwise through 90 about the

origin.
1.
5
4j
5
3 3j
-5
4 7j
2. If z = 3 + 8j then |z| =
arg z = tan1 83 = 69.4 .
32 + 82 =
73. The complex number lies in the rst quadrant and
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18
Chapter 14 Block 3: The exponential form of a complex number

1.
5
4
3
2
1
4ej
5ej /3
7e2j
ej /4
-5
Chapter 14 Block 5: Solving equations and nding roots of complex numbers

5.
z=
z=
5 3/4
z=
5 3/4
z=
5 /4
5 /4
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19
Chapter 14 End of Chapter Exercises p 677

2.
10
8
6
4
4 + 2j
+ j
2
-4
13
12
j 2 = 1 -2
-4
6.
The poles occur at s = 1, s = 1 3j and s = 1 + 3j.
-1+3j
-1
-1-3j
c
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20
18.
Re(z) 2
Re(z) > 0
This is the right half plane
This corresponds to points

where the x coordinate is
less than or equal to -2.
Im(z) < 3
this corresponds to all points
below this dotted line
Im(z) 3
this corresponds to all points on and
above this dotted line
Chapter 17 Block 3: The area bounded by a curve

Exercises p787
1.
y
y=x3
area
-1
-5
area
= 2
1
x3 dx
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21
1
x4
= 2
4 0

1
= 2
4
1
=
2
2.
y
area
0.5
y=cos 2t
/4
0.5
area
cos 2tdt

sin 2t
2
0.5
=
0
sin 1
= 0.4207
2
3.
y
4
-4
-3
-2
-1
y=4-x2
2
area from x = 0 to x = 2, =
0
4 x2 dx
x3
= 4x
3
8
= 8
3
16
=
3
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2
0
22
4.
y
y=x3
area
5
y=x
-1
-5
area
= 2
1
0
x x3 dx
x2 x4
= 2
2
4

1 1
= 2
2 4
1
=
2
1
0
5.
y
y=ex
area
2
area
ex dx
0
[ex ]20
2
=
= e 1
= 6.389
c
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23
6.
y
area
Calculate the two separate areas a) between x = 0 and x = 1, and b) between x = 1 and x = 2.
Both of these equal 14 .
7. A graph of y =
1
94t2
is shown below. We require the area between t = 0 and t = 1. This is

1
0
which equals
1
dt
9 4t2

1
1 1 2t
1 1

dt =
sin
9
2
2 0
2
3
t
4
1
which simplies to 0.365.

y
area

1.
y
1 2 3 4
c
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24
2.
The graphs intersect when x2 2x = 4x2 , that is when x2 x 2 = 0. That is when x = 2 and
x 1. The area under y = 4 x2 between x = 1 and x = 2 is 9. The area above y = x2 2x
between x = 0 and x = 2 is 43 . The area under y = x2 2x between x = 1 and x = 0 is also
4
. The area required is thus 9.
3
y
y=x2-2x
-1
x
y=4-x2
3.
The graph cuts the x axis at x = 1 and x = 5.
y
y=-x2+6x-5
4.
The graph cuts the x axis at x = 2, x = 0 and x = 2. Each bounded segment has area 4.
y=x3-4x
-2
Chapter 19 Block 4: Taylor series and Maclaurin series

1. a) p2 (x) = 0.
2. a) p2 (x) = x.
3. a) 0.938988 0.302867x + 0.032979x2 .
4. a) p2 (x) = e
ex2
2
2.718 1.359x2 .
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5. p4 (x) = 1.667 1.111x + 0.370x2 0.062x3 + 0.004x4 .

6. x +
x3
3
2x5
.
15
7. p3 (x) = 11
+ 3x
6
3x2
2
p4 (x) = 25
+ 4x 3x2 +
12
x3
.
3
4x3
3
p5 (x) = 137
+ 5x 5x2 +
60
10x3
3
x4
.
4
5x4
4
x5
.
5
Chapter 24 Block 1: Periodic waveforms and their Fourier representation

Exercises p1132
1. a)
f(t)
b) This is an even function and so bn = 0. a0 is easily shown to be 4.
an =
=
=
=
2 /2
4 cos nt dt
2 /2

4 sin nt /2
n /2

4
n
n
sin
sin( )
n
2
2
8
n
n
n
sin
since sin( ) = sin
n
2
2
2

1. a)
f (t) = e|t|
-3
-2
-1
c
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25
26
2.
f (t) = e|3t|
-3
-2
-1
3. a)
1
f (t) = e 2t
t
f (t) = e2t
4. a)
u(t)
b)
f (t) = 7e2t u(t)
5 a).
f (t) = 1
|t|
c
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27
Solutions to Typical Examination Papers

Paper 1
1.
2x2
x8
x8
=
+ 3x 2
(2x 1)(x + 2)
B
A
+
=
2x 1 x + 2
So
x 8 = A(x + 2) + B(2x 1)
Let x = 2 to obtain
10 = B(5) from which B = 2
Let x =
1
2
to obtain
15
5
= A from which A = 3
2
2
So
x8
3
2
=
+
2x2 + 3x 2
2x 1 x + 2
b) Using the formula for solving quadratic equations we have
v =
=
1
1
1 4(2)(6)
2(2)
47
1
47 1
47
=
+
j,
j
4
4
4
4
(c)

sin A cos A
sin 2A(tan A + cot A) = 2 sin A cos A
+
cos A sin A
sin2 A + cos2 A
= 2 sin A cos A
sin A cos A
= 2
c
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28
2.
(a)
(i) Poles at x = 2 and x = 1 because at these values of x the denominator of the rational
function is zero.
(ii)
(iii) There are vertical asymptotes x = 2 and x = 1, and a horizontal asymptote y = 0.
(b)
(i) The domain is given as t 0.
(ii) The range is given by 5 g < 15.
(iii) There is no maximum value of g although g can never be greater than 15.
(iv) Solve 10 = 5(3 2et ):
10 = 5(3 2et )
2 = 3 2et
2et = 1
1
et =
2
1
t = ln
2
1
t = ln = ln 2
2
3.
(i) AB =
6 0
9 22
(ii) CB is not dened.

(iii) |B| = 12.
(iv) B 1 =
1
12
2 4
3 0
2 1
(v) C T = 3 0
1 4
(b)
(i)
4 3
1 6
x
y
7
32
c
Pearson
(ii) D1 =
1
27
1
(iii) X =
27
6 3
1 4
6 3
1 4
29
7
32
1
=
27
54
135
Hence x = 2 and y = 5.
4.
(a)
(i)
a b = (4)(2) + (2)(3) + (1)(1) = 1.
(ii) |a| = 21. |b| = 14

(iii) = cos1
1
21 14
= 86.7 .
(b)
(i) Let the vector (a, b, c) be perpendicular to (5, 3, 2). Then the scalar product of the two
vectors must be zero. Hence any vector which satises 5a + 3b 2c = 0 will be perpendicular
to (5, 3, 2). Take (1, 1, 4) for example. A unit vector is then 118 (1, 1, 4).
(ii) Let the vector (a, b, c) be perpendicular to (1, 4, 1). Then the scalar product of the two
vectors must be zero. Hence any vector which satises a + 4b + c = 0 will be perpendicular to
(1, 4, 1). Take (1, 0, 1) for example. A unit vector is then 12 (1, 0, 1).
(iii) The vector c d will be perpendicular to both c and d.

i j k

c d = 5 3 2 = 11i 3j + 23k
1 4 1
A unit vector is then
1
(11i 3j + 23k).
659
(c) Let u = u1 i + u2 j + u3 k, v = v1 i + v2 j + v3 k, w = w1 i + w2 j + w3 k. Then

i
j k
v w = v1 v2 v3 = (v2 w3 v3 w2 )i (v1 w3 v3 w1 )j + (v1 w2 v2 w1 )k

w1 w2 w3
Then
u (v w) = u1 (v2 w3 v3 w2 ) u2 (v1 w3 v3 w1 ) + u3 (v1 w2 v2 w1 )
c
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(1)
30
Similarly,

i j k

u v = u1 u2 u3 = (u2 v3 u3 v2 )i (u1 v3 u3 v1 )j + (u1 v2 u2 v1 )k
v1 v2 v3
and
(u v) w = (u2 v3 u3 v2 )w1 (u1 v3 u3 v1 )w2 + (u1 v2 u2 v1 )w3
(2)
Comparing (1) and (2) the desired result follows.

5.
(a) y = 6x2 + 6x 36.
(b) y = 12x + 6.
(c) Set y = 0. This gives x2 + x 6 = 0 from which x = 3, and x = 2. When x = 3,
y = 90. Furthermore y is negative so the point is a maximum. When x = 2, y = 35. Here y
is positive so we have a minimum.
(d) We look rst for points where y = 0: i.e. x = 0.5. To the left of this point y < 0. To
the right, y > 0. So the concavity changes and x = 0.5 is a point of inexion. At this point
y = 27.5.
6.
(a)
2
(i)
0
sin 3x
(cos 3x 1)dx =
x
3
3
(ii)
1
2x
2
sin 6
2 = 2.093 (3dp).
3
=
0
2x
3
e
2
+ 2 ln |x|
+
dx =
x
2
(b) Let u = x3 + 9; then
du
dx
1
= (e2 e6 ) + 2 ln 3 = 2.264 (3 d.p.)
2
= 3x2 . The integral becomes

1 2u3/2
1 17
u du =
3 9
3
3
17
=
9

2 3/2
17 93/2 = 9.576
9
(c) Use integration by parts:

2

2x
3xe dx =
1
3xe2x
2
2
2
1
3e2x
dx
2
c
Pearson
(3 d.p.)
2
3xe2x
2 1
3
3e4 e2
2
9 4 3 2
e e
4
4
117.304
=
=
=
=
31
2
3e2x
4 1
3 4 3 2
e + e
4
4
7.
(a)
(i) |z2 | =
10.
(ii) z1 z2 = 9 7j.
(iii)
1 3j
z2
=
z3
2 + j
(1 3j)(2 j)
=
(2 + j)(2 j)
2 j + 6j + 3j2
=
5
5 + 5j
=
5
= 1 + j
(iv) |z1 | =
32 + 22 =
13 and = tan1
z1 =

2
3
= 33.69 . So
13[cos 33.69 + j sin 33.69 ]
(b) The required equation is

[z (3 + 2j)][z (3 2j)] = 0
that is
(z + 3 2j)(z + 3 + 2j)
(z + 3)2 4j 2
z 2 + 6z + 9 + 4
z 2 + 6z + 13
=
=
=
=
c
Pearson
0
0
0
0
32
Solutions to Typical Examination Papers

Paper 2
1.
(a) Rewrite equation as tan = 34 . The solution in the rst quadrant is 36.87 . The second
solution is 216.87 . There are no more solutions.
(b)
4 sin 2t 3 cos 2t = R cos(2t + )
= R[cos 2t cos sin 2t sin ]
Equating coecients of sin 2t gives
4 = R sin
(1)
3 = R cos
(2)
Equating coecients of cos 2t gives
Solving (1) and (2) gives R = 5 and = tan1 ( 43 ) = 233.1 . Note from (1) and (2) that is in
the third quadrant.
Solving
4 sin 2t 3 cos 2t = 4
is equivalent to solving
5 cos(2t + 233.1 ) = 4
from which
cos(2t + 233.1 )
2t + 233.1
2t
t
=
=
=
=
0.8
cos1 (0.8) = 36.9 (reject), 323.1
90
45
(c) Horizontally, the net force is 5 cos 40 + 9 cos 30 7 cos 50 = 7.125.

Vertically, the net force is 7 sin 50 + 5 sin 40 9 sin 30 = 4.076.
The net force has magnitude 8.208N and is directed at 29.77 above the positive x axis.
c
Pearson
33
2.
(a) Taking the inverse of both sides gives
0 0 1
7A = 0 1 1
1 0 1
from which
0 0 1
1
A = 0 1 1
7 1 0 1
(b)
Characteristic equation is 2 12 + 35 = 0. Eigenvalues are then 7 and 5.
For = 7 the corresponding eigenvector is
For = 5 the corresponding eigenvector is
2
1
1
1
3.

3
(a) In polar form the equation becomes r 3 =

Then r = 1 and =
+ 2k where k = 0, 1, 2.
2
2k
+
.
6
3
Explicitly we have z = 1
(b) Z = R + jL
1
5
3
, z = 1
, z = 1
.
6
6
2
j
. Here = 2f = 2 103 . Then
C
Z = 6 + j(2 103 )(3 103 )
j
10
= 6 + j 6
3
4
(2 10 )(1.5 10 )
3
(c)
This is a complex number for which r is xed at 2, and varies from 0 to . Thus the path of
z is the upper half of a circle centred at the origin and having radius 2.
4.
(a) sketch
c
Pearson
34
2
(b) volume =
y 2 dx =
2
(2x2 + 1)2 dx = 110.37.
(c)
2
I=
(2x2 + 1)x2 dx =
221
15
where is the mass per unit area.

2
Now the area is
17
. Hence
3
(2x2 + 1)dx =
17
I=
= M from which =
3M
.
17
Finally
13M
5
5.
(a)
9
.
13
2
(ii) .
3
(i)
(iii) g[k] =
2k + 5
, k = 0, 1, 2, . . ..
3k + 7
(b)
1
2
p3 (x) = 3 2x + x2 + x3
2
3
p3 (0.5) = 2.2083
4 d.p.
(c) Expand (1 + x2 )1/2 to obtain 1 + 12 x2 18 x4 + . . .. Valid for x2 < 1 i.e. 1 < x < 1.
6.
(a)
(i)
1
dy
y = 1.
dx x
1
(ii) = exp( dx) = e ln x = x1 .
x
(iii) y = x ln x + cx.
(iv) c = 2 and so y = x ln x + 2x.
c
Pearson
35
(b) The c.f. is y = Aex + Be2x . Note that one of the terms in the c.f. also appears on the
right-hand side. This aects the form of the trial function used in nding the p.i.
For the p.i. try y = ax + b + xe2x .
This gives a = 12 , b =
1
4
and = 13 .
So the general solution is

1
1 1
y = Aex + Be2x x + + xe2x
2
4 3
Imposing the given conditions shows that A = 2/9 and B = 1/36.
7.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(s2
6s
.
+ 9)2
6(s + 2)
6(s + 2)
= 2
.
2
2
((s + 2) + 9)
(s + 4s + 13)2
(b)
(i) f (t) = e2t sin t.
(ii) f (t) = e2t cos t 2e2t sin t
(c)
t 2
2
x(t) = e3t + +
9
3 9
8.
(a) Using L for lifetime (hrs) and f for frequency we have
L
f
Lf
L x (L x)2
f (L x)2
40
13
520
16.4
268.96
3496.48
50
12
600
6.4
40.96
491.52
60
9
540
3.6
12.96
113.40
70
13
910
13.6
184.96
2404.48
80
2
160
23.6
556.96
1113.92
90
1
90
33.6 1128.96
1128.96
- f = 50 Lf = 2820
- = 8748.76
c
Pearson
36
(i) Mean = x =
2820
50
= 56.4
(iii) Variance =
8748.76
50
50+60
2
= 55
= 174.98, standard deviation = 174.98 = 13.23
(ii) Median = Mean of 25th and 26th value =
(b)
(i) Out of 650 bars, 57 are rejected. So for 100 bars selected at random, expected number of
57
100 = 8.77.
rejections is 650
(ii) Of the 57 bars that are rejected, 20 had undergone process A. So
P (undergone process A | rejected) =
20
= 0.35
57
(iii) Standardising 440 and 455 gives

440 450
= 0.83
12
455 450
455
= 0.42
12
440
P (0.83 < x < 0.42) =

=
=
=
P (x < 0.42) P (x < 0.83)

P (x < 0.42) [1 P (x < 0.83)]
0.6628 [1 0.7967]
0.46(2d.p)
Thus the number of bars with a hardening time between 440 minutes and 455 minutes is
650 0.46 = 299
9.

1
1 t2
tdt =
= .
(a) a0 =
0
2 0
2

t sin nt sin nt
1
1
t cos nt dt =
dt
an =
0
n
n
0
0
c
Pearson

1 cos nt
=
n2 0
1
=
[cos n 1]
n2

1
1
t cos nt cos nt
bn =
t sin ntdt =
dt
0
n
n
0
0
cos n
=
n
from which the Fourier series is

f (t) =
2
1
2
1
cos t + sin t sin 2t

cos 3t + sin 3t + . . .
4
2
9
3
(question only asked for the rst four non-zero terms).

(b)
1
0
tejt dt +
2
1
(2 t)ejt dt =
e2j + 2ej 1
2
c
Pearson
37

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Solutions Manual

ISBN 0 131 201921

Pearson Education Limited

Visit us on the World Wide Web at:

First published 1999

The rights of Anthony Croft and Robert Davison to be

ISBN: 0 131 2019216

No additional solutions are

Chapter 6 Block 2: The graph of a function

domain [2, 5], range [4, 17]

domain [2, 3], range [4, 13]

domain [2, 4], range [8, 40]

domain [1, 5], range [19, 5]

End of Block Exercises p138

y = x2 ; domain [4, 4], range [0, 16]

y = x2 ; domain [4, 4], range [16, 0]

Both graphs have the same slope.

Both graphs pass through the origin.

TF = 95 TC + 32. Range [32, 212].

End of Block Exercises p148

a horizontal line drawn through the

this is a one-to-one function

Chapter 6 Block 5: Parametric representation of a function

arrow shows increasing t

End of Block Exercises p152

arrow shows t increasing

arrow shows increasing t

Chapter 6 Block 6: Describing functions

End of Block Exercises p161

Chapter 6 Block 8: Common engineering functions

This is the graph

End of Block Exercises p183

second from the rst, term by term.

6. 12 u(t + 1). Graph not provided.

Chapter 6 End of Chapter Exercises p184

Chapter 7 Block 2: Solving quadratic equations

Computer and Calculator Exercises p210

Computer and Calculator Exercises p238

0.75 0.5 0.25

0.25 0.5 0.75 1

3. The graph shows f (x) =

Clearly f (x) is negative when 2 < x < 3. This is the solution

4. The graph shows f (x) = x+1

5. The graph shows f (x) = (x1)(x+1)

Chapter 7 End of Chapter Exercises p251

Chapter 9 Block 4: Trigonometrical functions and their graphs

Chapter 11 Block 5: Computer graphics

Chapter 13 Block 1: Basic concepts of vectors

Chapter 13 Block 1: End of Block Exercises p568

The result of finding a+b

The result of finding b+c

Note that the result of finding a+(b+c) is the same as

Chapter 14 Block 1: Arithmetic of complex numbers

= 0.0208 + 0.0210j (4dp).

3. s = 0.0880, 1.9471, 0.0350 (4dp). All the poles are real.

In general multiplication by j rotates a complex number anticlockwise through 90 about the

73. The complex number lies in the rst quadrant and

Chapter 14 Block 3: The exponential form of a complex number

Chapter 14 Block 5: Solving equations and nding roots of complex numbers

Chapter 14 End of Chapter Exercises p 677

This corresponds to points

Chapter 17 Block 3: The area bounded by a curve