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On Teaching Finite Element Method in Plasticity With Mathematica
On Teaching Finite Element Method in Plasticity With Mathematica
On Teaching Finite Element Method in Plasticity With Mathematica
ABSTRACT: To help students to understand how finite element methods (FEM) deal with
the plasticity, we have developed a FEM program by using Mathematica, a symbolic algebra
system. The program is compact and of very good readability. Its use in our teaching the theory
of plasticity has led to positive results. 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 16:
233242, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20135
Keywords:
INTRODUCTION
The theory of plasticity is probably the most
complicated and difficult course for civil and mechanical engineers. Complicated because it seeks to
describe the mechanical behavior of solids under
conditions as general as possible. Difficult because the
behavior of material in plasticity is nonlinear and its
description requires advanced mathematics involving
tensor and functional analysis. Besides, advances of
computational software in engineering application
make it necessary to include in the course the finite
element method dealing with the plasticity. However,
most modern finite element codes, no matter commercial or free ones, are of such huge size and such
degree of complexity that none of them is feasible for
234
1
c2 1 x1 h
4
1
c3 1 x1 h
4
1
c4 1 x1 h
4
Ge
Oe
7
Substituting the product sijnj with the surface
traction ti, that is,
sij nj ti
ck;j sij dO
Oe
ck fi dO
I
ck ti dG
KDU R F
@ck
Z
6 @x
6
4
0
Oe
@ck
@y
38 sx 9
>
@ck >
>
>
>
Z
=
<s >
7
ck
y
@y 7
dO
5
s >
0
@ck >
>
>
> z>
Oe
@x : t ;
xy
in which
0
C
c
~ 1
0 C1
C2
0
0
C2
I
fx
ck
dO
fy
ck
0
0
Ge
C3
0
0
C3
C4
0
@c1
6 @x
6
6
B6 0
6 0
4
@c1
@y
Cep
0
12
C4
0
@c1
@y
0
@c1
@x
@c2
@x
0
0
@c2
@y
tx
dG
ty
ck
0
10
Ge
Oe
14
Ge
Oe
235
n on oT
@f
@f
C
C
@s @s
C n oT n o
@f
@f
C
@s
@s
16
0
@c2
@y
0
@c2
@x
@c3
@x
0
0
@c3
@y
0
@c3
@y
0
@c3
@x
@c4
@x
0
0
@c4
@y
3
0
7
@c4 7
7
@y 7
0 7
5
@c4
@x
13
f J2
q
1
sx sy 2 sx sy 2 sx sy 2 4t2xy
6
17
Hookes law for the plane strain
2
1n
n
6 n
E
1
n
6
C
n
1 n1 2n 4 n
0
0
n
n
1n
0
3
0
0 7
7
0 5
12n
2
18
236
v1
u2
v2
...
. . . un
0
ck
vn 19
tx
dG
ty
Ge
Oe
20
the equivalent force of stress
Z
BT sdO
F
21
Oe
R m R DR
22
F 0 m F
23
U 0 m U
24
De BDU
25
Dse CDe
26
se s Dse
27
m1
m1
2 e
3 2 e
3
s se
texy
0
sm 0
0
k 4 x e m
5 4 0 se
txy
sey sem
0
0 5
s Ds
m
kTrial
e
e
0
0
sz sm
0
0 sem
|{z} |{z}
deviator of se
28
The mean of se
p
in which kTrial J2e for the case of Von Mises
material with perfect plasticity and sm is the mean
trial principle stress.
COMPUTATION OF STRESS
The computation of stress is the key point of any FEM
program of displacement type for plasticity. However,
many students ignored this. They used to think
vaguely that the solution of a plasticity problem
237
1 u
Elastic Module 6
6 u
mat C
1 u1 2u 4 u
0
mat C
df ds
Transpose df ds
mat C
Transpose df ds
mat C
df ds1; 1
u
u
1 u
u
u
1 u
0
0
3
0
0 7
7
0 5
12u
2
238
NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
CONCLUSIONS
29
A complete listing of the program together with
data generation for the current problem is given in
Appendix.
APPENDIX
(Continued)
239
240
APPENDIX (Continued)
241
APPENDIX (Continued)
REFERENCES
[1] D. R. J. Owen and E. Hinton, Finite elements in
plasticity: Theory and practice, Pineridge Press,
Swansea, United Kingdom, 1980.
[2] N. I. Ioakimids, Elementary application of MATHEMATICA to the solution of elasticity problems by the
finite element method, Comput Methods Appl Mech
Eng 102 (1993), 2940.
[3] C. K. Yew, J. T. Bole and D. MacKenzie, Closed form
integration of element stiffness matrices using a computer
algebra system, Comput Struct 56 (1995), 529539.
[4] C. K. Lee and R. E. Hobbs, Closed form stiffness
matrix solution for some commonly used hydrid
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
242
BIOGRAPHIES
Yansheng Jiang graduated from Wuhan
University of Technology in 1982. He
received the PhD degree in applied sciences
from State University of Lie`ge (Belgium) in
1987. He joined POLYFLOW in 1991 and
worked as software engineer in developing
finite element methods in fluid mechanics.
He is visiting professor at Universidade
Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio
Grande do Sul (Brazil). He has been
interested in developing various numerical methods in engineering
such as boundary element methods, parallel computing, and point
collocation methods. His current research topic is finite element
modeling of radio frequency ablation of tumor.