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On The Magnetic Behavior and Steady-State
On The Magnetic Behavior and Steady-State
1. INTRODUCTION
wherethe fluxlinkage
Ai
a 1iI
0o
()1,2
(l
0)di
canbe expressedby:
Z/IO(2)
AN2i.
(2
i
In which "i" is the number of flux path. Here linearized flux
linkage expression is used to approximate the total
force/torque. This global energy method could give fairly
accurate value for the torque, however, when field
components and local force density is of special interest,
global energy method could not reveal any of information.
Field based force calculation methods adopt the same idea
of force generation mechanism as the global energy method
and present the stress tensor with local electromagnetic field
quantities. Maxwell Stress Tensor (MST) method is one of the
simple and effective methods to calculate local force densities.
In a 2D electromagnetic field, considering the continuity
theorem, the tangential and normal stress tensor on the surface
of an object is given as:
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f
f=
Bn
_H23
iron.
2puo
2
Bn is the normal magnetic flux density while H, represents
the tangential magnetic field intensity. By proper finite
element modeling [3] [4], detailed local stresses can be
calculated accurately using MST method and the steady-state
performance of the SRM under bipolar excitation can be
precisely predicted.
<E
__________3_y___
a) uni-polar switching
b) bipolar switching
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rotor back iron and stator yoke, larger flux linkage as well as
force densities are expected. Fig. 10 (c) (d) indicates higher
force density peak value in SFP than in LFP. However, the
majority of the system reluctance comes from the airgaps of
the machine; therefore, the increment in torque production will
not be significant.
The total motional force is calculated in single phase
excitation, unipolar excitation, and bipolar excitation
respectively. It is obvious that multiphase excitation gains
more motional force than single phase excitation. And one
needs to notice that the first peak value of torque is the same
in unipolar and bipolar excitation because phase A and D are
both excited, SFP exists in both case. When the rotor moves
three consecutive LFP is formed in unipolar excitation, lower
peak tangential force is observed at same rotor position than in
bipolar excitation in Figure. 11. This confirms the force
density plot in Fig. 10, SFP renders higher system reluctance
value, hence generates 400 more peak torque. Furthermore,
bipolar excitation tends to present a more balanced and torque
enhanced system than unipolar excitation. In unipolar
excitation, the maximum value of torque depends on the
direction of winding(phase A and D are excited
simultaneously), the other three LFP produce lower peak
torque value, shown in Fig. 11, therefore introducing
additional torque pulsation as well as tangential vibration.
V. CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
[1] J. R. Melcher, Continuum Electromechanics, MIT Press,
1981.
C. S., Krishnamurthy, M. and Fahimi, B.,
[2]
.
Edrington,
. < < . e t
ce
"Bipolar Switched Reluctance Machines: A Novel
Solution for Automotive Applications," IEEE Trans. on
Vehicular Technology, Vol 54, Issue 3, May. 2005
2gF i i i 10 i jif #
gHAZ Si'm' 1R 1
M.
Moallem and C.M. Ong, "Predicting the torque of a
LW5L :4 t ! & S ^ ''[3] switched
reluctance machine from its finite element field
silution." IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, Vol 5, No.4,
___
H.Dec 1990
Bipo ar exitation
[4] W. Jiang, M. Moallem, B, Fahimi, "Qualitative
0.T;mpolar
;.t..............
e
investigation of force density components in
7
8
electromechanical energy conversion process", IEEE
r1 =< 1Single ph-ase
Jxcltehon
1
2
3
6
7
4
5
8
IECON06, 2006
lE`ime irstant (ms)
[5] T.J.E. Miller, Electronics control of switched reluctance
Fig. I 1. Torque output comparison among single phase and
machines. Reed Educational and Professional Publication,
multiphase excitation
2001
zwow A
r
_F , E.[6] W. Jiang, "Analysis of electromagnetic field in a switched
reluctance machine from an energy conversion
perspective", M.S. Thesis, The University of Texas at
1
<4 ~if I i:
/Arlington, 2006
Torque output, I 2A
N.
o*'1iI-FFt4.w3.'F
bF F
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IF
Mt
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