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PekalonganWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Coordinates:653S10940E

Pekalongan
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

PekalonganisacityofCentralJava,Indonesia.It
wasformerlytheseatofPekalonganRegencyonthe
northerncoastoftheprovince,butisnowan
independentmunicipalitywithintheprovince.The
cityisCentralJava'smostimportantport,andis
knownforitsbatik.

Pekalongan

TheDutchnameofthecityis'Pacalongan'.
Seal

Contents
1Administrativedistricts
2History
3Business
4Natives
5Sources
6References
7Externallinks

Pekalongan

LocationinJava

Administrativedistricts

Pekalongan

Pekalongancityisdividedintofourdistricts,listed
belowwiththeirpopulationsatthe2010Census:[1]
PekalonganBarat
(WestPekalongan)(88,732)
PekalonganTimur
(EastPekalongan)ewc)(75,022)

History

LocationinIndonesia

Coordinates:653S10940E
Country
Province
Regency

Indonesia
CentralJava
PekalonganRegency

Area
Total

45km2(17sqmi)

Population(2014)
Total
284,886
Density
6,300/km2(16,000/sqmi)

ThecoastalareaaroundPekalonganwaspartofthe
ancientHoling(Kalingga)kingdom.The7thcentury
Sojomertoinscription,discoveredinneighboring
BatangRegency,CentralJava,islinkedwithKalinggaaswellastheancestoroftheSailendras.Theexact
locationoftheKalinggacapitalisunclearhowever,thatitwassuggestedliessomewherebetween
PekalonganandJepara.HoweveritismostlikelythatKalinggawaslocatedinPekalonganinsteadof
Jepara,sincethereissimilarityofnamesbetweenKalinggaandPekalongan.Thenameprobablyslightly
shiftedovercenturies,fromKalingga,Kaling,Kalong,andlateraddedwithpeancircumfixforming
"Pekalongan".
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ThehistoryofPekalongandatedbacktotheearly12thcentury.A
bookwrittenin1178byaSongdynastyofficialalreadyhadrecord
ofPekalongan,thenknowntoChinesemerchantsas"Pukalong",it
wasthenaseaportofJava(thenknownasDvapa)thekingofJava
livedatPukalong,knottedhishairatthebackofhishead,whilehis
peopleworeshorthairandwrappedtheirbodywithcolorfully
weavedcloth.[2]ChinesemerchantshipsetsailfromCantonduring
November,withtheaidoffairwindsailednonstopdayandnight,
arrivedatPukalonginaboutonemonth.Thepeoplemadewine
fromcoconuts,producedverydeliciousredandwhitecanesugar,
Pekalonganharbour(ca.193340)
thekingdommadecoinsoutofbronzeandcopper,60coppercoins
exchangedforonetaelofgold.Localproducesincludedpepper,
clove,sandalwood,eaglewoodandwhiteroundcardamom.[3]
PekalonganbecameapartoftheempireoftheSultanateofMataramthroughtreatyandmarriagealliances
bytheearly17thcentury.Theareawasonthegeographicperipheryoftheempire,whichwasbasedin
interiorcentralJava.However,itwasawealthyarea,andbytheendofthe17thcentury,thesubstantial
moneyandproduceitsenttothecentermadeitakeypartofMataram'srealm.Theareawentintoeconomic
declineduringthe18thcentury,andtheDutchEastIndiaCompanybegantogainsubstantialinfluenceover
thearea'spoliticalandeconomiclife.TheDutchbuiltafortinthecityin1753thisfortstillstands.
Fromthe1830s,thePekalonganareabecameamajorproducerofsugar.Sugarcanehadbeengrowninthe
areasinceearly12thcentury,asrecordedinChinesehistorybooks,butproductionexpandedsubstantially
duringthemid19thcenturyduetoDutchefforts.Initially,productionwasboostedthroughcompulsory
corvelabortheDutchcolonialgovernmenttookadvantageoflongstandingJavaneseexpectationsthatthe
peasantrycontributesapartoftheirlabortothestate.Betweenthe1860sandthe1890s,thissystemwas
phasedout,andworkerswerepaiddirectly.ThecolonialsugarindustrycollapsedduringtheGreat
Depressionofthe1930s,butsugarremainsakeyexportoftheareainindependentIndonesia.
OnOctober8,1945,ananti"Swapraja"/antifeudalismmovementcalledThreeRegions
Movement/"GerakanTigaDaerah"wasestablishedinTegal,Pekalongan,andBrebes.Thegoalofthis
movementwastoreplacethebluebloodregents(relatedtothekingsfromJogyakartaandSurakarta)with
ordinarypeople.Accordingtotheleadersofthismovement,theoldregentshadcooperatedwithJapanese
duringtheworldwarIIandsentpeopletotheJapaneseslavelaborcamps.
ThemainleaderofthismovementwasSarjiyowhobecamethenewregentofPekalongan.Otherleadersof
thismovementwereKutil,K.Mijaya,andIr.Sakirman.IrSakirmanwasthelocalleaderofIndonesian
CommunistParty(PKI).
Theoldregentswerearrested,strippednaked,anddraggedintotheprisons.Othergovernmentofficialsand
policeofficerswerekidnappedandmassacredatTalangbridge.Thismovementalsostartedaracialriot
againstethnicChineseinBrebes.
ThegovernmentofRepublicofIndonesia(RI)inJogyakartadisagreewiththismovementanddeclareditas
anillegalmovement.

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OnNovember4,1945,themovementattackedIndonesianarmyHQandtheregentofficeinPekalongan.
TherebelsweredefeatedbyIndonesianarmyinafiercebattleonDecember21,1945.Mostleadersofthis
movementwerearrestedandthrownintotheprisons.ThisrebellioniscalledThreeRegionsAffair.

Business
Thecityisknownforitsbatik.Thedyedfabricisproducedbothbyhandinsmallscaleshops,andprinted
inlargerfactories.Amainstayoftheeconomy,theindustrycollapsedduringIndonesia'seconomiccrisisin
1998,butithaspartiallyrecoveredsince.

Natives
GeorgeJunusAditjondro
BebBakhuys
MariaDermot
HartonoReksoDharsono
AbdulRahmanSaleh
AzizSattar

Sources
Knight,G.R.(1995)GullyCoolies,WeedWomenandSnijvolk:TheSugarIndustryWorkersof
NorthJavaintheEarlyTwentiethCentury.ModernAsianStudies28(1):5176.
Ricklefs,M.C.(1986)SomeStatisticalEvidenceonJavaneseSocial,EconomicandDemographic
HistoryintheLaterSeventeenthandEighteenthCenturies.ModernAsianStudies20(1):132.

References
1. BiroPusatStatistik,Jakarta,2011
2. thismeansthatthepeopleofPugalonghadalreadybatikin12thcentury
3. SongdynastyZhouQufei:LingWaiDaiDa(ReportsfromBeyongtheSouthernMountains)inChineseISBN7
101016650.UnfortunatelynoEnglishtranslationavailable,theaboveparagraphismyGFDLtranslation

Externallinks
(Indonesian)MilitaryHistoryCentre/Threeregionsaffair(http://www.sejarahtni.mil.id/index.php?

cid=2002)
(Indonesian)MilitaryHistoryCentre/BattleonDecember21,1945
(http://www.sejarahtni.mil.id/index.php?cid=2008&page=4)
Pekalonganofficialgovernmentwebsite(http://kotapekalongan.go.id/)
BosoKalonganDictionary(http://bahasapekalongan.blogspot.com/)
WisataPekalongan(http://www.travelmatekamu.com/2014/11/29/7tempatwisatadipekalongan
yangwajibdikunjungi/)
RequestsforWikipediaBosoKalongan
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pekalongan&oldid=662622695"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekalongan

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Categories: PopulatedplacesinCentralJava CitiesinCentralJava CitiesinIndonesia

RegencycapitalsofIndonesia
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