International Journal of Mechanical Civil and Control Engineering

Vol. 1, Issue. 2, April, 2015

ISSN (Online): 2394-8868

Impact Study of a check dam on Ground Water Recharge

1

1,2,3

P.Arun Raja, 2C. Dinesh, 3B.Jagadeesan

UG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Mamallan Institute of Technology, Kanchipuram, INDIA

Abstract:- The main source of water is rainfall

construction of Checkdam.

which runs through the river as surface water

objectives have been formulated through which the

source. Those rivers are connected to the oceans,

Checkdam are evaluated,

partial amount of water in the river collected in

1.

ocean and get wasted. To reduce that, we need to

To

evaluate

Following three

the

flooding

characteristics of urban river.

stagnate the running water in the river. Checkdams

2.

To determine the effectiveness of

are used for that purpose. The stagnated water can

check dam using the flooding

be used during the non monsoon periods.

characteristics and groundwater

characteristics of urban river.

Now as we all know the use of checkdam,

II.STUDY AREA

in our project we analysis the effect of checkdam

The Checkdam is constructed at the

on ground water recharge. We have chosen a

downstream of Tiruvannamalai to arrest floodwater

checkdam constructed in Tiruvannamalai district,

from Pambanar Sub-Basin flowing into the river

Melmuthanur village. Rainfall data and water level

during monsoons. The check dam is constructed at

in well data are collected from near by rain gauge

Melmuthanurvillage river to reap benefits in the

station and well data station for the analysis of the

form of groundwater recharge. Latitude

impact of checkdam on ground water recharge.

120402 N , Longitude - 744455 E .

We used Arc-gis software to find the

catchment area of the checkdam and HEC-HMS
software to find the effective runoff. Water table
fluctuation method is used to find the effectiveness
of checkdam on ground water recharge.
I.INTRODUCTION
Checkdam is constructed mainly to
provide direct irrigation when rain fails and for
recharging the surrounding wells through
percolation of water. The Checkdams are used in
minimising the velocity of floods and to conserve
soil and water.
The need for study is that how far it is
efficiently performing in terms of improving the
groundwater quantity and is there any change in
life style of people living there before and after

International Journal of Mechanical Civil and Control Engineering

Vol. 1, Issue. 2, April, 2015

ISSN (Online): 2394-8868

III.METHODOLOGY

including computing runoff volume (excess

rainfall), modeling direct runoff, flood routing,
calibration of the model, and model validation
Volume discharged (2010-2011)
HYDRO
LOGIC
ELEME
NT

DRAI
NAGE
AREA
km2

PEAK
DISCH
ARGE
m3/s

Sub
basin1

16.93

21.8

Subbasin
2

10.16

8.4

Sub basin
3

26.08

13.4

TIM
E OF
PEA
K
26Jul
2010,
00:00
26Jul
2010,
00:00
26Jul
2010,
00:00

VOL
UME
MM
1364.
89
1345.
09
1364.
89

Volume discharged (2011-2012)

HYDRO
LOGIC
ELEME
NT

DRAI
NAGE
AREA
km2

PEAK
DISCH
ARGE
m3/s

Sub basin
1

16.93

20.9

Sub basin
2

10.16

8.1

Sub basin
3

26.08

12.8

IV.TERRAIN PREPROCESSING
Terrain pre-processing marks the first step in
developing an HEC-Geo HMS project. In this step, a
terrain model is used as an input to derive eight

TIME
OF
PEAK
02Dec
2011,
00:00
02Dec
2011,
00:00
02Dec
2011,
00:00

VOL
UME
MM
869.4
5
851.2
2
869.4
5

additional datasets that collectively describe the

drainage pattern of the watershed and allows for
stream and sub basin delineation.

Volume discharged (2012-MAY 2012)

The first five

datasets are grid layers that represent the flow

direction, flow accumulation, stream network, stream
segmentation, and watershed delineation

Model setup and Simulation

In this study, the distributed modeling
approach is adopted in flood hydrograph
computation. The methodology involved in
computing the flood hydrograph of the basin at the
outlet can be broadly divided into five stages,

HYDRO
LOGIC
ELEME
NT

DRAI
NAGE
AREA
km2

PEAK
DISCH
ARGE
m3/s

Sub basin
1

16.93

4.2

Sub basin
2

10.16

1.5

Sub basin
3

26.08

2.6

TIME
OF
PEAK
18May
2012,
00:00
18May
2012,
00:00
18May
2012,
00:00

VOL
UME
MM
38.73

36.05

38.73

International Journal of Mechanical Civil and Control Engineering

Vol. 1, Issue. 2, April, 2015

ISSN (Online): 2394-8868

V.HYDROGRAPH (obtained from HEC-HMS)

A hydrograph is a graph showing
discharge (i.e., Stream flow at the concentration
point) verses time. At the beginning, there is only
base flow (i.e., the ground water contribution to the
stream) gradually depleting in the exponential
form. After the strom commences, the initial losses
like interception and infiltration are met and then
the surface flow begins. The hydrograph gradually
Hydrograph for sub-basin 1 (2012)

rises and reaches its peak value after a lag time.

The below hydrographs are obtained from the

VI.

HEC-HMS software.

METHOD

WATER

TABLE

FLUCTUATION

The water level fluctuation method is applied

for the monsoon season to estimate the recharge.
The ground water balance equation for the
monsoon season in non-command areas is given by
(GEC, 1997).

Where, h = Ground water level difference in

monsoon (m)
Hydrograph for sub-basin 1 (2010)
Sy= Specific yield (.65)
For clayey soil it is 5 to 12%
A= Area (m2)

YEAR

AREA
2

km

2010-2011

4074.87

53.17

12

2011-2012

2590.12

53.17

113.03

53.17

0.3

MAY2012

VII. GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

HEIGHT

Mm

2012-

Hydrograph for sub-basin 1 (2011)

RUNOFF

International Journal of Mechanical Civil and Control Engineering

Vol. 1, Issue. 2, April, 2015

ISSN (Online): 2394-8868

The graphs are plotted using the observed

Check dam are generally constructed

rainfall data and well data. The Precipitation is

as rain water harvesting structures to reduce the

maximum during the North-East monsoon .

velocity of flood and to increase in the groundwater

Observing the well data graph, the water recharge

quantity.

has increased after the construction of the check

Catchment area for Melmuthanur check dam is find

dam in year 2011. The rain fall in year 2012 is

out using the software ARC-Gis and the catchment

quite less than the average and the water recharge

area is divided in three Sub basins.

for the respective year is more than the average

Flooding

characteristics

in

the

recharge. This graphical representation itself proves

Pambanar sub-basin is simulated using the

that the check dam constructed in melmuthanur

modeling software HEC-HMS. The quantity of

village is effective.

water discharged through the check dam from

2010- 2012 is determined using the model.
The collected data of precipitation
and water level in well are plotted in graph and
discussions are done to find out the effectiveness of
check dam.
Water table fluctuation method is
used to calculate the recharge near the check dam
with the water level in well points available.
Conclusion
After the construction of Check dam
the volume of water discharged is increased.
Although the loss of precipitation is high during
some seasons, the recharge of ground water is high
after the completion of check dam in year 2011.
The performance of check dam in my study area
located

in

Melmuthanur

is

MODERATLY

S.

D.,

EFFECTIVE.
Reference

1.

Babak

MohdehMoradi.andBorujerdi.

A.

M.,Flood Forecasting using HEC-HMS

(Case

Study:

Upstream

Maroon

Catchment-

OfBehbahan).

ICID

21st

International Congress on Irrigation and

Drainage, October 2011.
Summary

2.

Christian
MODFLOW

10

Michl.
and

Using
MODPATH

GIS,
for

International Journal of Mechanical Civil and Control Engineering

Vol. 1, Issue. 2, April, 2015

ISSN (Online): 2394-8868

groundwater management of an aquifer of

flood control structures, January 2003,

the River Sieg, Germany.HydroGIS 96:

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check dams on flood peaks to optimise the

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