HART

Hart is an acronym for Highway addressable remote transducers.

HART is a bidirectional master-slave field communications protocol developed in the late 1980's
to facilitate communication between intelligent field instruments and host systems by Rosemount
Inc. Later it was developed into an open protocol
It makes use of the Bell 202 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) standard to superimpose digital
communication signals at a low level on top of the 4-20mA.
It communicates without interrupting the 4-20mA signal and allows a host application (master)
to get two or more digital updates per second from a field device
HART PROCESS TRANSMITTER:-.

HART COMMUNICATIONS
The transmitting device begins by turning ON its carrier and loading the first byte to be
transmitted into its UART.
The UART converts each transmitted byte into a 11 bit serial character.

PROTOCOL
Only one HART device can talk at a time.
A Master typically sends a command and then expects a reply. A Slave waits for a
command and then sends a reply. A Slave accesses the network as quickly as possible in
response to a Master. The command and associated reply are called a transaction.
There are typically periods of silence (nobody talking) between transactions.
Network access by Masters requires arbitration which is based on monitoring of network
traffic and implementation of timers.
If two Masters are present and both are synchronized, then they will use the network
alternately .
A Slave (normally) has a unique address to distinguish it from other Slaves.
Addresses are either 4 bits or 38 bits.

 The long address consists of the lower (least significant) 38 bits of a 40-bit unique
identifier.
Each command or reply is a message, varying in length from 10 or 12 bytes to typically

20 or 30 bytes
Hart Communications contd.

The preamble is allowed to vary in length, depending on the Slave's requirements.

The status field (2 bytes) occurs only in replies by HART Slave devices. If a Slave does not
execute a command, the status shows this and usually indicates why. Several possible reasons
are:

1. The Slave received the message in error. (This can also result in no reply.)
2. The Slave doesn't implement this command.
3. The Slave is busy.
4. The Slave was told to do something outside of its capability
(range number too large or small, for example).
5. The Slave is write-protected and was told to change a protected parameter.
Commands are one of 3 types: Universal, Common Practice, and Device Specific
(Proprietary).
SLAVE REPLY ALGORITHM

COMMANDS FROM HOST TO DEVICE

Set Primary Variable Units
Set Upper Range
Set Lower Range
Set Damping Value
Set Message
Set Tag
Set Date
Set Descriptor
Perform Loop Test - Force loop current to specific value
Initiate Self Test - Start device self test
Get More Status Available Information
Codes vary by manufacturer/device

HART DATA OVERVIEW CONTD

DEVICE IDENTIFICATION: Instrument Tag - User defined, up to 8 characters
Descriptor - User defined, up to 16 characters
Manufacturer Name (Code) - Code established by HCF and set by manufacturer
Device Type and Revision - Set by manufacturer
Device Serial Number - Set by manufacturer
Sensor Serial Number - Set by manufacturer

CALIBRATION INFORMATION FOR 4-20MA TRANSMISSION OF PRIMARY

PROCESS VARIABLE
Date - Date of last calibration, set by user
Upper Range Value - Primary Variable Value in engineering units for 20mA point, set by user
Lower Range Value - Primary Variable Value in engineering units for 4mA point, set by user
Upper Sensor Limit - Set by manufacturer
Lower Sensor Limit - Set by manufacturer
Sensor Minimum Span - Set by manufacturer
PV Damping - Primary Process Variable Damping Factor, set by user
Message - Scratch pad message area (32 characters), set by user
Loop Current Transfer Function - Relationship between Primary Variable digital value and 420mA current signal
Loop Current Alarm Action - Loop current action on device failure (upscale/downscale)
Write Protect Status - Device write-protect indicator

HART ADVANTAGES

TRANSDUCER BLOCK:- Generates the actual digital signal representation of the process
parameter.
ZERO & SPANNING BLOCK:- T he upper and lower range values are used to produce the
transducer value from above to correspond to a 4mA signal for the lower range and a 20mA
signal for the upper range in the % form. In addition an appropriate transfer function (e.g., linear,
square root, quadratic, cubic spline, etc.) may be applied .
DAQ BLOCK:- Produces the 4-20ma signal, insuring that 0% equals exactly 4 ma and 100%
equals 20ma.

WIRELESS HART
Wireless HART Networks consists of Wireless HART field devices, at least one Wireless HART
gateway, and a Wireless HART network manager.
These components are connected into a wireless mesh network supporting bi-directional
communication from HART host to field device and back.

Network Manager
The Network Manager is an application that manages the mesh network and Network Devices.
The Network Manager performs the following functions:

- Forms the mesh network

- Allows new devices to connect to the network
- Sets the communication schedule of the devices
- Establishes the redundant data paths for all communications
- Monitors the network
Gateway
The Gateway Device connects the mesh network with a plant automation network, allowing data
to flow between the two. The Gateway Device provides access to the WirelessHART devices by
a system or other host application.
Field Devices
The Field Device may be a process connected instrument, a router or Hand Held device. The
WirelessHART network connects these devices together.
-Router Device:A device to improve network coverage (to extend a network) capable of
forwarding messages from other Network Devices.
- Process Connected Instrument:Typically a measuring or positioning device used for process
monitoring and control. It is also capable of forwarding messages from other Network Devices.
- WirelessHART Adapter:A device that allows a HART instrument without wireless capability
to be connected to a WirelessHART network.