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Technical Guide For WCDMA LAC Planning (v1.1)
Technical Guide For WCDMA LAC Planning (v1.1)
Release 2007-11-6
Implementation 2007-11-6
Modification Record
File No.
Drafter /
Modifier
WANG Feng
Update
Date
Version
Reason for
modification
2007-3-6
V1.0
Guide
establishment
This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is not to be disclosed or
used except in accordance with applicable agreements.
Contents
1
OVERVIEW..............................................................................................................................1
2
PAGING PRINCIPLE, PAGING CHANNEL PARAMETER AND SYSTEM
PARAMETER...................................................................................................................................1
2.1
2.2
2.3
3
PAGING PRINCIPLE............................................................................................................1
PAGING CHANNEL PARAMETER......................................................................................1
SYSTEM PARAMETER.......................................................................................................2
1 Overview
The guide introduces WCDMA paging channel capacity calculation from which deduces the
maximum number of sectors that can be supported by each LAC with different traffic model, as
well as general suggestions for LAC division; the guide provides instructions for LAC planning on
the phase of WCDMA radio network planning.
The guide includes paging principle, paging capacity calculation and LAC division principle.
3 IMSI coding paging messages, or 5 TMSI coding paging messages can be put in 1X240
PCH FP transmission; therefore the maximum number of paging message that can be put in each
FP is defined as 5. Take the worst situation into account, we define sub-channel number of each
PCCH is 3, which can be adjusted dynamically.
3.1.2
GOS Confirmation
For improving paging success rate, RNC uses multi-retransmission; therefore the
corresponding relationship between call loss of multi-retransmission and call loss of single
retransmission needs to be calculated. Presently systems RNC retransmission times are 4.
Suppose that the call completion ratio first time is x1, call loss is s1, then x1=1-s1.
Suppose that the call completion ratio second time is x2, call loss is s2, then x1=1-s2.
Suppose that the call completion ratio third time is x3, call loss is s3, then x1=1-s3.
Suppose that the call completion ratio forth time is x4, call loss is s4, then x1=1-s4.
Then, the call incompletion probability in these 4 times is:
(1- x1)*(1-x2)*(1-x3)*(1-x4) = s1*s2*s3*s4
Suppose that call loss ratios each time are the same, then:
GoS single call lose = Power (actual call loss in RNC multi-retransmission, 1/RNC
retransmission times)
Here Power means multiplied by itself a certain number of times or extraction of a root.
It is given that the actual RNC multi-retransmission call loss rate is 0.2%, so GoS single call
lose = (0.002)1/40.211474
Notice: the proper actual RNC multi-retransmission call loss rate needs to be discussed.
3.1.3
Erlang B formula requires average call loss of GoS in multi-paging; because RNC repeat
multi-transmission and paging ratio is independent, here we can regard that the average call loss of
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used except in accordance with applicable agreements.
2
B pN
( / ) N / N !
N
( / ) / i!
i
i 0
Here, is average received call times in unit period of time; 1 / T , T is average call
duration; A / T , which is the traffic.
Actual Erlang B formula calculation is according to recursive algorithm.
B(0,rho)=1
B(Servers,rho)=(rho*B(Servers -1,rho)/ Servers)/(1+rho*B(Servers -1,rho)/ Servers)
Servers = Number of telephone lines
Intensity rho= Arrival rate of calls / Completion rate of calls
Arrival rate = the number of calls arriving per hour
Completion rate = the number of calls completed per hour
We already know paging congestion rate is 0.211474, when all uses IMSI paging, subchannel number is 3; when all uses TMSI paging, sub-channel number is 5. Input those into Erlang
B formula we can calculate paging traffic that PCH supports.
IMSI paging, paging traffic 2.00633(erl)
TMSI paging, paging traffic 4.13931(erl)
Area
Initial
phase
Developing
phase
Stable
phase
Dense
urban
Mean urban
Dense
urban
Mean urban
Dense
urban
Mean urban
3G UE
density
Activated
UE
proportion
on busy
hour
Activated
UE density
on busy
hour
Single UEs
trafficErl
Traffic density
Erl/km2
1200
100
1200
0.03
36
300
100
300
0.013
3.9
3600
100
3600
0.04
144
900
100
900
0.018
16.2
7500
100
7500
0.045
337.5
1950
100
1950
0.02
39
This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is not to be disclosed or
used except in accordance with applicable agreements.
3
Initial
phase
Developing
phase
Stable
phase
Dense
urban
Mean urban
Dense
urban
Mean urban
Dense
urban
Mean urban
3G UE
density
Activated
UE
proportion
on busy
hour
Activated
UE density
on busy
hour
Single UEs
traffic (mErl)
Traffic density
(mErl/km2)
1200
5%
60
0.75
45
300
2%
0.35
2.1
3600
8%
288
1.5
432
900
5%
45
0.7
31.5
7500
10%
750
3.4
2550
1950
8%
156
1.5
234
Paging traffic calculation on busy hour requires call times and call duration that converted by
traffic on busy hour in traditional traffic model. CS12.2K call duration is set as 72 seconds,
CS64K call duration is set as 60 seconds, and then converted traffic model is shown in the
following table.
Table 3-3 CS Traffic Model after Conversion
CS12.2K voice traffic
Area
BHCA
Call Duration(s)
BHCA
Call Duration(s)
Dense urban
1.5
72
0.045
60
Mean urban
0.65
72
0.021
60
Developing
phase
Dense urban
72
0.09
60
Mean urban
0.9
72
0.042
60
Stable
phase
Dense urban
2.25
72
0.204
60
Mean urban
72
0.09
60
Initial phase
Notice: BHCA and Call Duration need to be filled according to the actual situation of
countries and operators. As to each subscribers traffic on busy hour in traditional CS traffic
model, different BHCA will dramatically vary subscriber number that each LAC supports.
BHCA in traffic model is counted bilaterally, including MOC and MTC. Therefore when
counting paging BHCA, paging times shall be the half of call attempts, which is shown in the
following table.
Area
CS domain paging
BHCAtimes/hou
r
Initial
phase
Dense urban
0.75
0.0225
0.7725
Mean urban
0.325
0.0105
0.3355
Developing
phase
Dense urban
0.045
1.045
Mean urban
0.45
0.021
0.471
Stable
phase
Dense urban
1.125
0.102
1.227
Mean urban
0.5
0.045
0.545
Paging traffic in RNC once paging can be calculated through paging BHCA model, which is
equal to BHCA x paging duration (10ms, one frame of PCCH).
Now ZTE RNC radio paging retransmission times is set as 4, RNC retransmission times is
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used except in accordance with applicable agreements.
4
Each Subscribers
CS Paging Traffic
on Busy
HourErl
Initial
phase
Dense urban
2.14583E-06
5.36458E-07
9.11979E-06
Mean urban
9.31944E-07
2.32986E-07
3.96076E-06
Developing
phase
Dense urban
2.90278E-06
7.25694E-07
1.23368E-05
Mean urban
1.30833E-06
3.27083E-07
5.56042E-06
Stable
phase
Dense urban
3.40833E-06
8.52083E-07
1.44854E-05
Mean urban
1.51389E-06
3.78472E-07
6.43403E-06
3.3 Calculation of the Maximum Subscriber Number that Each LAC Supports
When network is configured with one PCH, which is the common configuration in most
actual networks, and RNC retransmission congestion rate is 0.2%, if we use IMSI paging, paging
traffic that PCH supports 2.00633(erl); if we use TMSI paging, paging traffic that PCH supports
4.13931(erl). Therefore, the subscriber number that each LAC supports = paging traffic that
PCH supports/each subscribers paging traffic on busy hour. As to IMSI paging and TMSI paging,
the subscriber number that each LAC supports is shown in the following table.
Table 3-6 Maximum Subscriber Number that Each LAC Supports
Initial
phase
Dense urban
CS domain paging
traffic of each
subscriber on busy
hour (Erl)
9.12E-06
Mean urban
3.96E-06
507000
1050000
Developing
phase
Dense urban
1.23E-05
163000
336000
Mean urban
5.56E-06
361000
744000
Stable
phase
Dense urban
1.45E-05
139000
286000
Mean urban
6.43E-06
312000
643000
Area
Subscriber number
that each LAC
supports in IMSI
paging
220000
Subscriber number
that each LAC
supports in TMSI
paging
454000
In LAC division, the upper limit of LAC is determined by paging capacity of each cell,
lower limit of LAC is determined by LAC update frequency. If LAC is too large, paging
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used except in accordance with applicable agreements.
5
LACs of areas with different traffic characteristics vary. Generally, LAC of dense urban <
LAC of mean urban < LAC of suburb < LAC of rural.
3)
Geographic characteristic and UE distribution shall be taken into account in LAC boundary
selection for decreasing LAC update frequency. Generally LAC boundary is located in
areas that have lesser subscribers or lower handover probability.
4)
Try to avoid LAC boundary locating in areas that have group subscriber or VIP clients.
5)
6)
7)
8)
In principle, LAC setting methods of 2G and 3G system are generally the same, therefore
3G LAC planning can refer to 2G LAC planning. Firstly, calculate paging capacity in radio
interfaces according to paging process and channel characteristic; secondly, figure out
traffic that one LAC can support according to traffic model; and finally set LAC according
to actual or estimated traffic in the network.
9)
RNC capacity in 3G network is generally larger than BSC capacity in 2G network, thus the
number of RNC is smaller than that of BSC and one LAC will not step across BSC,
therefore existing network LAC configuration and BSC traffic situation shall be taken into
account while planning 3G network LAC. 3G LAC can be the combination of the existing
network LACs according to traffic balance principle; 3G LAC boundary shall be better the
same with the boundary of the outer layer of combined 2G LACs.
GSM(Combined BCCH/
SDCCH cell)
GSM(Non-Combined BCCH/
SDCCH cell)
IMSI
300
25
76
TMSI
500
51
153
From the upper table we can see that in the situation of general parameter configuration,
WCDMA paging capacity is obviously stronger than that of GSM, therefore, traffic that WCDMA
each LAC supports is much higher than that of GSM.
5.3 Advantage and Disadvantage of WCDMA and GSM co-use LAC, as well as
Suggestions
1Advantage of GSM900, GSM1800 and WCDMA co-use LAC
When WCDMA and GSM are co-constructed, especially when most WCDMA sites co-site
with GSM sites, WCDMA uses the same LAC planning with that of GSM for speeding up data
configuration in network commissioning that facilitates fast commissioning of commercialized
WCDMA network.
This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is not to be disclosed or
used except in accordance with applicable agreements.
7
This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is not to be disclosed or
used except in accordance with applicable agreements.
8
We use concentric circles mode to re-plan LAC. LAC1080 and LAC1090 of RNC10 are
combined as one LAC; LAC1010, LAC1020 and LAC1030 of RNC1 are combined as one LAC;
LAC1050 and LAC1070 are combined as one LAC.
In order to validate whether the maximum paging times of combined LAC exceeds
equipment capacity, in OMCR LMT, choose a cell randomly in each LAC to test and calculate
each LACs maximum paging times on busy hour after combination, so as to observe each LACs
paging load. The maximum paging times of RNC10 after combination on busy hour is 18+16=34
per second, average paging times is 5.75+3.98=9.73. RNC1 has 2 LACs after combination, the
total maximum paging times of LAC1010, LAC1020 and LAC1030 on busy hour is
16.5+21+19=56.5 per second, average paging times is 5.14+5.17+5.84=16.15; the total maximum
paging times of LAC1050 and LAC1070 after combination on busy hour is 16.5+14=30.5 per
second while average paging times is 5.04+3.79=8.83. System maximally supports 100 times
paging per second, therefore after combination, peak value of each LACs paging channel
utilization ratio are separately 34, 56.5% and 30.5%; While average paging channel utilization
ratio are separately 9.73%, 16.15% and 8.83%.
Notice Here is a problem. The sum of the maximum paging times of each LAC is larger
than the actual maximum paging times, because it is impossible that all LACs paging times reach
their peak values at the same time, the total maximum paging times is just estimation.
Now the number of active subscriber in VLR in Libya is only around 30,000, after RNC1
combination, one of its LACs paging utilization ratio is over 50%, paging load is obviously too
large. The R&D Dept. has not provided a reasonable explanation or solution for the situation,
This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is not to be disclosed or
used except in accordance with applicable agreements.
9
This document contains proprietary information of ZTE Corporation and is not to be disclosed or
used except in accordance with applicable agreements.
10