The Jungle Book

Hathi An Indian Elephant

Ikki An Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine (mentioned only)
Kaa Indian Python
Karait Common Krait
Kotick A White Seal
Mang A Bat
Mor An Indian Peafowl
Mowgli Main character, the young jungle boy
Nag A male Black cobra
Nagaina A female King cobra, Nag's mate
Raksha The Mother wolf who raised Mowgli as her own cub
Rikki-Tikki-Tavi An Indian Mongoose
Sea Catch A Northern fur seal and Kotick's father
Sea Cow A Steller's Sea Cow
Sea Vitch A Walrus
Shere Khan A Royal Bengal Tiger
Tabaqui An Indian Jackal

Adaptations
The book's text has often been abridged or adapted for younger readers, and there have also been several comic book
adaptations.

Comics
A comic book series Petit d'homme ("Man Cub") was published in Belgium between 1996 and 2003. Written by
Crisse and drawn by Marc N'Guessan and Guy Michel, it resets the stories in a post-apocalyptic world in which
Mowgli's friends are humans rather than animals: Baloo is an elderly doctor, Bagheera is a fierce African woman
warrior and Kaa is a former army sniper.
Marvel Comics published several Jungle Book adaptations by Mary Jo Duffy and Gil Kane in the pages of Marvel
Fanfare (vol. 1). These strips were collected in the 2007 one-shot Marvel Illustrated: The Jungle Book.
The DC Comics Elseworlds' story, "Superman: The Feral Man of Steel", is based loosely on the Jungle Book
stories, as well as the Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan stories. The infant Superman, like Mowgli, is raised by
wolves, and takes the name K'l'l. Bagheera, Akela, and Shere Khan all make appearances. The character is later
given the civilized name of 'Clark' by Lois Lane, and is captured along with his friends, and used for profit by Lex
Luthor, who is also eventually slain.[4]
Bill Willingham's Eisner Award-winning comic book series Fables, published by Vertigo Comics, features the
Jungle Book's Mowgli, Bagheera and Shere Khan; though their characterisation remains true to Kipling's stories,
Willingham and artist Mark Buckingham also make oblique references to the 1967 Disney animation in dialogue
and artwork. The series amalgamates characters from fairy tales and folklore, as well as children's literature;
Shere Kahn, for instance, is shot dead by Snow White, whilst Mowgli is employed as a spy by Big Bad Wolf.

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Books
Neil Gaiman's The Graveyard Book is inspired by The Jungle Book. It follows a baby boy who is found and brought
up by the dead in a cemetery. It has many scenes that can be directly linked back to Kipling, but with Gaiman's dark
twist. Mr. Gaiman has spoken in some detail about this on his website.[5]

Live-action film
"Toomai of the Elephants" was filmed as Elephant Boy (1937), starring Sabu Dastagir. In the 1960s there was a
television series of the same name, loosely based on the story and film.
Jungle Book (1942) directed by Zoltn Korda, starring Sabu Dastagir as Mowgli.
Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book (1994) starring Jason Scott Lee as Mowgli.
The Second Jungle Book: Mowgli and Baloo (1997) starring Jamie Williams as Mowgli.
The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story (1998) starring Brandon Baker as Mowgli.
The Jungle Book, an upcoming adaptation that will begin production in September 2007 and continue for two
years.[6]

Animation
Disney's 1967 animated film version, inspired by the Mowgli stories, was extremely popular, though it took great
liberties with the plot, characters and the pronunciation of the characters' names. These characterizations were further
used in the 1990 animated series TaleSpin, which featured several anthropomorphic characters loosely based on
those from the film in a comic aviation-industry setting.
In 1967, another animated adaptation was released in the Soviet Union called Mowgli (Russian: ;
published as Adventures of Mowgli in the USA), also known as the 'heroic' version of the story. Five animated
shorts of about 20 minutes each were released between 1967 and 1971, and combined into a single 96-minute
feature film in 1973. It's also very close to the book's storyline, and one of the few adaptations which has
Bagheera as a female panther. It also features stories from The Second Jungle Book, such as Red Dog and a
simplified version of The King's Ankus. "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" has also been released in 1965 as a cartoon ([7]) and
in 1976 as a feature film. The former made its way into the hearts of viewers and is even now sometimes aired by
TV stations of the Former Soviet Union countries as a classic of Soviet animation. Interestingly, in keeping with
Soviet ideology, the Colonial English family in Rikki-Tikki-Tavi has been replaced with an Indian family.
Chuck Jones's made for-TV cartoons Mowgli's Brothers, Rikki-Tikki-Tavi and The White Seal stick to the original
storylines more closely than most adaptations.
There was a Japanese anime television series called Jungle Book Shonen Mowgli broadcast in 1989. Its adaptation
represents a compromise between the original stories and the Walt Disney version. Many of Kipling's stories are
adapted into the series, but many elements are combined and changed to suit more modern sensibilities. For
instance, Akela, the wolf pack alpha eventually steps aside, but instead of being threatened with death, he stays on
as the new leader's advisor. Also, there is an Indian family in the series which includes Rikki-Tikki-Tavi as a pet
mongoose. Finally at the series' conclusion, Mowgli leaves the jungle for human civilization, but still keeps strong
ties with his animal friends.
The Japanese anime was dubbed in Hindi and telecast as Jungle Book by Doordarshan in India during the early
1990s. The Indian version featured original music by Vishal Bharadwaj (with words by noted lyricist Gulzar
and Nana Patekar doing the voice over for Sher Khan), which made it quite popular among television viewers
of that time.
The anime was also dubbed in Arabic under the title "( " Fat al Adghl: Boy Of The Jungle) and
became a hit with Arab viewers in the 1990s.

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Stage
A Hungarian musical was composed by Lszl Ds, lyrics by Pter Geszti and Pl Bks. The musical was first
performed in 1996 in Budapest and is still running today in many Hungarian theatres. It won the prize of the
Hungarian Theatre Critics as the musical of the year in 1996.
Stuart Paterson wrote a stage adaptation in 2004, first produced by the Birmingham Old Rep in 2004 and
published in 2007 by Nick Hern Books.[8]
In 2006 the Orlando Shakespeare Theater commissioned a unique adaptation for their Theater For Young
Audiences series. With Book and Lyrics by April-Dawn Gladu and Music and Lyrics by Daniel Levy, this version
explores the joy and pain felt by his two mothers, the human Messua and Raksha the wolf, and stresses the
benefits of community and compassion. The music is distinctly Indian in nature with two of the seven songs sung
in Hindi. It has since been produced by Imagination Stage in MD, Pennsylvania Shakespeare Festival, Brigham
Young University, and dozens of community and collegiate theaters. It is published by www.TYAscripts.com
A dance adaptation by the Boom Kat Dance Company premiered on 2 May 2008 at Miles Playhouse in Santa
Monica, California. It was choreographed by the company with artistic direction by Lili Fuller, Marissa Goodhill,
Emily Iscoff-Daigian and Adam North.
A new adaptation written by Leonard Joseph Dunham was premiered by the Hunger Artists Theatre Company in
Fullerton, California, on 12 September 2008.[9]
Art rock adaptation The Third Jungle Book from Progres 2. The Jungle story is extended about the jungle of
civilization. English version 1981.
The Castle Theatre, Wellingborough is performing a brand new musical version of the much loved story for the
2009 Christmas season.

Music
Australian composer Percy Grainger, an avid Kipling reader wrote a Jungle Book cycle, which was published in
1958.

References
[1] Rao, K. Bhaskara (1967) Rudyard Kipling's India. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press
[2] The Long Recessional: the Imperial Life of Rudyard Kipling, David Gilmour, Pimlico, 2003 ISBN 0-7126-6518-8
[3] Hjejle, Benedicte 1983 'Kipling, Britisk Indien og Mowglihistorieine', Feitskrifi til Kristof Glamann, edited by Ole Fddbek and Niels
Thomson. Odense, Denmark: Odense Universitetsforlag. pp. 87114.
[4] Superman Annual No.6 (1994)
[5] Neil Gaiman's Journal, February 13, 2008 (http:/ / journal. neilgaiman. com/ search/ label/ The Graveyard
Book?updated-max=2008-02-14T15:32:00-06:00& max-results=1)
[6] BBC, Pathe team for 'Jungle Book' Entertainment News, Film News, Media Variety (http:/ / www. variety. com/ article/ VR1117970122.
html?categoryid=13& cs=1)
[7] http:/ / animator. ru/ db/ ?ver=eng& p=show_film& fid=2178
[8] Stuart Paterson complete guide to the Playwright and Plays (http:/ / www. doollee. com/ PlaywrightsP/ paterson-stuart. html#62440)
[9] Hunger Artists Show Archives (http:/ / www. hungerartists. com/ )

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