NEW RECORDS TO MARINE OSTRACODA (CRUSTACEA) FAUNA OF

SAROS GULF TURKEY

Nerdin KUBAN*

ABSTRACT
23 species collected from 23 stations from Saros Gulf in 1998 are new records for the
ostracoda fauna of Turkey. In this study, all of these species were evaluated and determined.
Key Words: Aegean Sea, Saros Gulf, Crustacea, Ostracoda.

INTRODUCTION
Being at a transition point between Europe, Asia and Africa, Anatolia has served
as a bridge over various animals faunas related with both land and water for thousands
of years. Anatolia, also, sheltered the animals immigrated from the north in the glacial
period so that many animals were able to survive and respread over the north in postglacial period. Consequently, Anatolian habitat contains Palaearctic, Tropic-Atlantic
and Gondwana relict species (Demirsoy, 1999). 1
As an intersection point between Aegean Sea and anakkale Passage, there are
many rivers, meeting with the sea at Saros Gulf, and this makes Saros Gulf a fertile area
for searching recent Ostracoda species. Findings of 23 new species in this area supports
this claim.

*University of Istanbul, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology 34459, Vezneciler,Istanbul-Turkey

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this study, the materials were collected twice from 23 stations in March and
October. The locations of the stations are shown in figure 1. Material was collected
from the coast with a plankton net of Muller fabric and the sampling in the deep areas
was done by the help of a bager (grap). Formaldehyde of 4% was used for fixation.
Collected materials were washed under pressurised water by using different mesh size
of sieves in the laboratory, then they were taken into 70% alcohol. Samples were
handpicked under binocular microscope by the help of a special needle and the species
identification was based on the morphological characters of their shells.
Photomicrographs were made using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The
carapaces of identified species were put into dry micropaleontological slides for further
examination.

RESULTS
Ostracoda classification, prepared by the committee in Naples Symposium in
1972 and agreed in Hamburg Symposium in 1974, was used for systematic
classification (Hartmann and Puri, 1974). The densely populated points of Ostrocoda
species are on figure-1 and the distribution ratio of species of Ostrocoda are on table 1,
2.
Neonesidea crasenticlavula Maddocks, 1969
(Fig. 2 a.)
Material: 16. st., 264305 N-403650 E, 23.10.1998.
Distribution: This species was encountered at 51 m. only from one station in this study.
Its known distribution areas in the world: Mozambique Channel (Maddocks, 1969).

Callistocythere adriatica Masoli, 1968.

(Fig. 2 b.)
Material: 1.st., 263818 N-403036 E, 11.3.1998; 10.st., 260300 N-404250
E, 14.3.1998; 12.st., 260330 N-404020 E, 14.3.1998; 22.st., 264112 N403041 E, 26.10.1998.
Distribution: Specimens of this species have been found at depths of between 0 to 1 m.
in our study but its depth distribution was 24-224 m. in the Adriatic study (Bonaduce,
Ciampo and Masoli, 1975).
Its known distribution areas in the world: Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli,
1975).
Callistocythere litoralis (Mller, 1894)
(Fig. 2 c.)
Material: 1.st., 263818 N-403036 E, 11.3.1998; 6.st., 262849 N-403642
E, 12.3.1998; 7.st., 262701 N-403658 E, 12.3.1998; 10.st., 260300 N404250 E, 14.3.1998; 11.st., 260310 N-404223 E, 14.3.1998; 12.st.,
260330 N-404020 E, 14.3.1998; 14.st., 262733 N-403418 E, 20.10.1998;
18.st., 260348 N-403915 E, 24.10.1998; 20.st., 264615 N-403250 E,
26.10.1998; 22.st., 264112 N-403041 E, 26.10.1998.
Distribution: This species was encountered between 0 and 65 m of depth from ten
stations and they were encountered between 27-135 m in the Adriatic study (Bonaduce,
Ciampo and Masoli, 1975).
Its known distribution area in the world: Faros and Naxos Islands- Greece, Aegean Sea
(Barbeito- Gonzales, 1971), Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli, 1975).

Pontocythere turbida (Mller, 1894)

(Fig. 2 d.)
Material: 13. st., 264908 N-403419 E, 15.3.1998.
Distribution: This species was encountered from 0 to 1 m in this study but the depths of
findings were between 13 and 166 m. in the Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and
Masoli, 1975).
Its known distribution areas in the world: Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli,
1975).
Neocytherideis fasciata (Brady & Robertson, 1874)
(Fig. 2 e.)
Material: 17.st., 264627 N-403738 E, 23.10.1998.
Distribution: This species was encountered in 29 m. from only one station and the
maximum depth of finding of this species was 119 m and its minimum corresponded to
a depth of 27 m. in the Adriatic Sea. (Densely 42-72 m.) (Bonaduce, Ciampo and
Masoli, 1975).
Its known distribution area in the world: Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli,
1975), Meri Delta, North Aegean Sea- Greece (Stambolidis, 1985), France (Oertli,
1985).
Echinocythereis laticarina (Brady, 1868)
(Fig. 2 f.)
Material: 8.st., 262448 N-403600 E, 13.3.1998; 14.st., 262733 N-403418
E, 20.10.1998.

Distribution: This species is present in a depth range of 1-65 m from two stations and it
was found previously in a depth range of 77-110 m. in the Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce,
Ciampo and Masoli, 1975).
Its known distribution areas in the world: Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli,
1975), France (Quaternary) (Oertli, 1985).
Echinocythereis keyseri Stambolidis 1982
(Fig. 2 g.)
Material: 10.st., 260300 N-404250 E, 14.3.1998.
Distribution: This species was encountered from a depth of 1 m.. It was encountered in
Meri Delta study but the depth wasnt reported. (Stambolidis, 1985)
Its known distribution areas in the world: Meri Delta, North of Aegean, Greece
(Stambolidis, 1985).
Aurila oblanga (Moyes,1965)
(Fig. 2 h.)
Material: 4.st., 263624 N-403810 E, 12.3.1998; 6.st., 262849 N-403642
E, 12.3.1998; 10.st., 260300 N-404250 E, 14.3.1998; 12.st., 260330 N404020 E, 14.3.1998; 16.st., 264305 N-403650 E, 23.10.1998; 17.st.,
264627 N-403738 E, 23.10.1998; 18.ist., 260348 N-403915 E,
24.10.1998; 23.st., 265024 N-403602 E, 27.10.1998.
Distribution: This species was encountered between a depth range of 1 and 51 m. from
eight stations in Saros Gulf. There wasnt any information of its depth distributions in
literatures, which we revised.
Its known distribution areas in the world: France (Neocene) (Oertli, 1985).

Aurilia aff. maculosa Uliczny, 1969

(Fig. 3 a.)
Material: 1.st., 263818 N-403036 E, 11.3.1998; 19.st., 261108 N-403518
E, 25.10.1998.
Distribution: This species was encountered between 0-1 m from two stations in Saros
Gulf. The species were seen to be present between a depth range from 11 to 60 m. in
Meri Delta (Stambolidis, 1985)
Its known distribution areas in the world: Meri Delta, Faros and North Aegean SeaGreece (Stambolidis, 1985).
Urocythereis distinguenda (Neviani, 1928)
(Fig. 3 b.)
Material: 1.st., 263818 N-403036 E, 11.3.1998; 21.st., 263451 N- 402933
E, 26.10.1998; 22. st., 264112 N-403041 E, 26.10.1998.
Distribution: This species is present in a depth range of 0-1 m. in three stations of Saros
Gulf. It was found previously in a depth range of 0-40 m. in the Naples Gulf
(Athersuch, 1977).
Its known distribution areas in the world: Naples Bay (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli,
1975)
Loxoconcha napoliana Puri, 1963
(Fig. 3 c.)
Material: 4.st., 263624 N-403810 E, 12.3.1998; 5.st., 263239 N-403615
E, 12.3.1998; 10.st., 260300 N-404250 E, 14.3.1998; 16.st., 264305 N403650 E, 23.10.1998.

Distribution: This species was encountered between 1 and 51 m. from four stations in
Saros Gulf while the depth range was 42-85 m. in the Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo
and Masoli, 1975).
Its known distribution areas in the world: Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli,
1975).
Loxoconcha ovulata (Costa, 1853)
(Fig. 3 d.)
Material: 1.st., 263818 N-403036 E, 11.3.1998; 3.st., 264052 N-403820
E, 11.3.1998; 7.st., 262701 N-403658 E, 12.3.1998; 8.st., 262448 N403600 E, 13.3.1998; 17.st., 264627 N-403738 E, 23.10.1998; 19.st.,
261108 N-403518 E, 25.10.1998; 21.st., 263451 N-402933 E, 26.10.1998;
22.st., 264112 N-403041 E, 26.10.1998.
Distribution: Specimens of this species have been found at depths of between 1 to 29 m.
from eight stations in our study but the depth distribution of it was 0-33 m. in Meri
Delta (Stambolidis, 1985)
Its known distribution areas in the world: Faros and Naxos Islands- Greece, Aegean Sea
(Barbeito Gonzales, 1971), Meri Delta, North Aegean Sea-Greece (Stambolidis,
1985).
Loxoconcha punctatella (Reuss, 1850)
(Fig. 3 e.)
Material: 2.st., 264857 N-403856 E, 11.3.1998; 3.st., 264052 N-403820
E, 11.3.1998; 4.st., 263624 N-403810 E, 12.3.1998; 9.st., 261617 N403531 E, 13.3.1998; 15.st., 263121 N-403409 E, 21.10.1998; 22.st.,
264112 N-403041 E, 26.10.1998.

Distribution: This species was encountered in a depth range of 1-62 m from six stations
in this study. We couldnt find any evidence related with its depth.
Its known distribution areas in the world: France (Neocene) (Oertli, 1985).
Semicytherura diafora Barbeito-Gonzales, 1971
(Fig. 3 f.)
Material: 9.st., 261617 N-403531 E, 13.3.1998.
Distribution: This species was encountered from 0-1 m depth in Saros Gulf. But it was
encountered at depths from 1 to 194 m. in the Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and
Masoli, 1975) ( high population density between 70-80 m.).
Its known distribution areas in the world: Faros and Naxos Islands-Greece, Aegean Sea
(Barbeito-Gonzales, 1971), Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli, 1975).
Semicytherura ruggieri (Pucci, 1956)
(Fig. 3 g.)
Material: 7.st., 262701 N-403658 E, 12.3.1998.
Distribution: In our study,this species was encountered from1 m from one station only.
Its depth distribution was represented from shore to 224 m. (The maximum number of
species were found at depth between 7-170 m.) in the Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo
and Masoli, 1975). It was reported in between 6 and 34 m. depth near Faros and Naxos
Islands (Barbeito-Gonzales, 1971) and it was found at depths between 0 to 3.5 m. in
Meri Delta (Stambolidis, 1985)
Its known distribution areas in the world: Faros and Naxos Islands-Greece, Aegean Sea
(Barbeito-Gonzales, 1971), Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli, 1975), Meri
Delta North of Aegean-Greece (Stambolidis, 1985).

Semicytherura mediterranea (Mller, 1894)

(Fig. 3 h.)
Material: 14.st., 262733 N-403418 E, 20.10.1998; 15.st., 263121 N403409 E, 21.10.1998.
Distribution: This species was encountered in a depth range of 62-65m. at two stations
in this study. The depths of findings were 70-121 m. in Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce,
Ciampo and Masoli, 1975). But it was present in a depth of 3.5 m. in Meri Delta
(Stambolidis, 1985)
Its known distribution areas in the world: Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli,
1975), Meri Delta North of Aegean-Greece (Stambolidis, 1985).
Semicytherura rara (Mller, 1894)
(Fig. 4 a.)
Material: 16.st., 264305 N-403650 E, 23.10.1998.
Distribution: This species was encountered at a depth of 51 m., in our study, it is
reported from 0-190 m. depth in Adriatic Sea (densely 0-170 m.) (Bonaduce, Ciampo
and Masoli, 1975).
Its known distribution areas in the world: Faros and Naxos Islands- Greece, Aegean Sea
(Barbeito-Gonzales, 1971), Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli, 1975).
Cytheropteron latum Mller, 1894
(Fig. 4 b.)
Material: 15.st., 263121 N-403409 E, 21.10.1998.
Distribution: This species was present at 62 m. from one station in this study. Its depths
of finding were between 0-140 m. in Adriatic Sea (densely 80 m.) (Bonaduce, Ciampo
and Masoli, 1975).

Its known distribution areas in the world: Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli,
1975).
Xestoleberis plana Mller 1894
(Fig. 4 c.)
Material: 3.st., 264052 N-403820 E, 11.3.1998; 14.st., 262733 N-403418
E, 20.10.1998; 21.st., 263451 N-402933 E, 26.10.1998.
Distribution: This species was encountered between a depth range of 1-65 m from three
stations in this study and it was encountered in 117 m. in the Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce,
Ciampo and Masoli, 1975).
Its known distribution areas in the world: Faros and Naxos Islands- Greece, Aegean Sea
(Barbeito- Gonzales, 1971), Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli, 1975).
Xestoleberis margaritopsis Rome, 1942
(Fig. 4 d.)
Material: 17. st. , 264627 N-403738 E, 23.10.1998.
Distribution: This species is present in 29 m. only from one station in this study. It was
reported at 50 m. depth near Faros and Naxos Islands (Barbeito-Gonzales, 1971) it was
found in a depth of 0-23 m. in Meri Delta. (Stambolidis, 1985).
Its known distribution areas in the world: Faros and Naxos Islands- Greece, Aegean Sea
(Barbeito-Gonzales, 1971), Meri Delta, North of Aegean-Greece (Stambolidis, 1985).
Paradoxostoma rarum Mller, 1894
(Fig. 4 e.)
Material: 1.st., 263818 N-403036 E, 11.3.1998.
Distribution: This species was encountered between a depth range of 0-1 m. There was
no information about its depth range in other literatures.

Its known distribution areas in the world: Faros and Naxos Islands- Greece, Aegean Sea
(Barbeito- Gonzales, 1971).
Sclerochilus contortus (Norman, 1862)
(Fig. 4 f.)
Material: 15.st., 263121 N-403409 E, 21.10.1998.
Distribution: This species was encontered from 62 m. in Saros Gulf. The depths of
finding of this species were 75-79 m. in the Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and
Masoli, 1975)
Its known distribution areas in the world: Faros and Naxos Islands- Greece, Aegean
Sea (Barbeito-Gonzales, 1971), Adriatic Sea (Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli, 1975).
Propontocypris prifera (Mller, 1894)
(Fig. 4 g.)
Material: 15.st., 263121 N-403409 E, 21.10.1998.
Distribution: It was found at a depth of 62 m. in our study. There was no information
related with depths of this species in other studies.
Its known distribution areas in the world: France (Quaternary) (Oertli, 1985).

Figure 1 :Species distribution to the stations

Table 1.:Distribution of the species to the 1st-12th stations.

STATION NUMBERS
SPECIES
Neonesidea crasenticlavula
Calistocythere adriatica
Calistocythere litoralis
Pontocythere turbida
Neocytherideis fasciata
Echinocythereis laticarina
Echinocythereis keyseri
Aurila oblanga
Aurila aff. Maculosa
Urocythereis distinguende
Loxoconcha napoliana
Loxoconcha ovulata
Loxoconcha punctatella
Semicytherura diafora
Semicytherura Ruggieri
Semicytherura mediterranea
Semicytherura rara
Cytherepteron latum
Xestoleberis plana
Xestoleberis margaritopsis
Paradoxostoma rarum
Sclerechilus contortus
Propontocypris prifera

10

11

12

Table 2: Distribution of the species to the 13rd-23rd stations.

STATION NUMBERS
SPECIES
Neonesidea crasenticlavula
Calistocythere adriatica
Calistocythere litoralis
Pontocythere turbida
Neocytherideis fasciata
Echinocythereis laticarina
Echinocythereis keyseri
Aurila oblanga
Aurila aff. Maculosa
Urocythereis distinguende
Loxoconcha napoliana
Loxoconcha ovulata
Loxoconcha punctatella
Semicytherura diafora
Semicytherura Ruggieri
Semicytherura mediterranea
Semicytherura rara
Cytherepteron latum
Xestoleberis plana
Xestoleberis margaritopsis
Paradoxostoma rarum
Sclerechilus contortus
Propontocypris prifera

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

DISCUSSION
The recent geography of Saros Gulf was reformed with forming of the Meri
Delta and other rivers in this region.This point of view can be supported by Cemal
Tunolus pre-study in 1998 (Tunolu, 1998)
Various species, 70 of which belong to 32 genera were encountered in that area,
during the doctorate study in 1999. 23 new species were recorded from Saros Gulf and
were classified.
N. crasenticlavula, A. oblanga, L. punctatella, P. rarum, P. prifera . We
couldnt find any studies related with depth distributions of these species.
C. adriatica, C. littoralis, N. fasciata, U. distinguende, L. ovulata, S. diafora, S.
ruggieri, S. mediterranea, S. rara, C. latum, X. margaritopsis . These species above
were encountered between known depth ranges.
P. turbida, E. laticarina, E. keyseri, A. aff. maculosa, L. napoliana, X. plana. In
this study, depth range of those species above were 0-1 m.
S. contortus. This species is reported from 62 m. And only from one station in
Saros Gulf.
Zoogeographical distributions of the following 17 species were expanded
towards the Aegean Sea with this study: N. crasenticlavula, C. adriatica, C. littoralis,
P. turbida, N. fasciata, E. laticarina, A. oblanga, U. distinguende, L. napoliana, L.
punctatella, S. diafora , S. rara , C. latum , X. plana , P. rarum , S. contortus , P. prifera
.

Those following 6 species were encountered in their known distribution areas: E.

keyseri , A. aff. maculosa , L. ovulata , S. ruggieri , S. mediterranea , X. margaritopsis.

We could conclude that, all the species from findings in this study are marine
Ostrocoda. Some brackish-water species like C. litoralis, C. adriatica have also been

found in Saros Gulf. This probably means that bottom and surface currents have carried
these species to Saros Gulf. The same result has been given in the Bay of Naples
(Bonaduce, Ciampo and Masoli, 1975).

REFERENCES
Athersuch, J. (1977). Urocythereis (Crustacea: ostracoda) in Europe, with Particular
reference to recent Mediterranean species. Bu11. Br. Mus. Nat. Nist. (Zoo.) 32 (7): 247283.
Barbeito-Gonzales, J. P. (1971). Die Ostracoden des Knstenbereiches von Naxos
(Griechenland) und ihre Lebensbereiche. Mitt. Aus dem Hamburg. Zool. Mus. Inst. 67:
255-326.
Bonaduce, G., Ciampo, G. & Masoli (1975). M., Distribution of Ostracoda in the
Adriatic Sea. Publicazioni Della Stazione Zoolgica di Napoli Volm. 40. Suppl. 1. 1-154.
Demirsoy, A. (1999). Genel ve Trkiye Zoocorafyas, 2. Bask, Ankara, Meteksan
Ltd.ti., 1999, pp. 965.
Hartmann, G. and Puri, S. H. (1974). Summary of Neontological and Paleontotogical
Classification of Ostracoda. Mitt. Hamburg Zool. Mus. Inst., 67: 255-326.
Maddocks, R. F. (1969). Revision of Recent Bairdiidae (Ostracoda). Smithsonian
Institution United States National Museum, Bulletin 295, pp.126.
Oertli, H. J. (1985). Atlas des Ostracodes de France. Elf-Aquitaine, Mem. 9, pp. 387.
Stambolidis, A. E. (1985). Zur Kenntnis Der ostracodes Des Evros- Delta (NordAgaisches Meer) Griechland. Mitt. Hmb. Zool. Mus. nst. 82: 155-254.

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