Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Theory and Practice - Corey Study Guide
Theory and Practice - Corey Study Guide
Theory and Practice - Corey Study Guide
B_
2. A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings is probably using which
ego defense?
b. reaction formation
A_
3. One of the most important Freudian concepts, which consists of pushing unacceptable life events and painful
feelings into the unconscious, is:
a. repression.
C__
4. The ego defense mechanism in which a person exhibits behavior that clearly shows signs of reverting to less
mature stages is ____?
c. regression
D__
5. Attributing to others the qualities or traits that are unacceptable to our own ego is best described as:
d. projection.
C__
B__
7. Feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the:
b. anal stage.
D_
_C__
_C_
_D___ 12. The technique whereby the analyst explains the meaning of certain behavior is known as:
d. interpretation.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
_C___ 14. A person who manages their anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledge painful events is most
likely using:
c. denial.
__D__ 15. Directing energy toward another object or a person (when anxiety is reduced by focusing on a "safer target")
is known as:
d. displacement.
_A___ 16. Manufacturing "good" reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to explain away failures or losses, is known
as:
a. rationalization.
__D__ 17. The young adult who adopts his parent's outdated political beliefs to avoid unpleasant feelings of anxiety is an
example of:
d. introjection.
__B__ 18. The ego defense mechanism that consists of masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive
traits to make up for limitations is known as:
b. compensation.
__D__ 19. The process of redirecting sexual energy into some form of socially acceptable behavior is known as:
d. Sublimation.
__D__ 20. The Electra complex and the Oedipus complex are associated with what psychosexual stage of development?
d. phallic stage
__C__ 21. In Freud's view, an individual experiencing neurotic anxiety feels:
c. he will not be able to control his instincts and will behave inappropriately.
D____ 22. The libido is best described as:
d. both (a source of motivation) and (a source of sexual energy) are true
_B___ 23. What is the correct sequence of the psychosexual stages?
b. oral/anal/phallic/latency/genital
C____ 24. In Erikson's view, the major developmental task in adolescence is:
c. identity vs. role confusion.
__E__ 25. A person experiencing persistent feelings of inadequacy has probably had difficulty attaining a sense of ____
during the____ stage.
e. industry; school age
__E__ 26. The important developmental task during the middle age years is:
e. both (to be involved in helping the next generation) and (to adjust to the discrepancy
between one's dreams and one's actual accomplishments)
_D___ 27. Self psychology and object-relations theory emphasize:
a.
b.
c.
d.
__D__ 28. Which of the following is not associated with the relational approach to psychoanalysis?
d. Therapist anonymity is used to foster the transference relationship.
__C_ 29. The primary aim of time limited dynamic psychotherapy is to:
c. change the client's repetitive patterns of relating to others.
_C___ 30. The main function of the ego is:
c. to mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment.
_E___ 31. All of the following are true about the superego except:
e. It governs, controls and regulates the personality.
__E__ 32. Which of the following is true about ego psychology (as compared with id Psychology)?
e. both (It emphasizes the striving of the ego for mastery and competence throughout life)
and (It deals with both early and later developmental stages)
__D__ 33. If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage of development, later personality problems may include:
d. all of these options
__A__ 34. According to Erickson, the basic struggle of early childhood involves:
a. autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
_C___ 35. The developmental crisis involving initiative vs. guilt occurs during the:
c. preschool age.
__D__ 36. A person who is suffering from feelings of alienation and isolation has probably failed to achieve a sense of
____ during the ____stage of development.
d. intimacy; young adulthood
__E__ 37. Developmentally, Freud's latency stage corresponds to Erickson's stage of:
e. industry versus inferiority.
_D__ 38. From a multicultural perspective, classical analysis may:
d. all of these options
__C__ 39. All of the following are a part of Jung's view of development except:
c. symbiosis.
__D__ 40. Who developed the object-relations view that focuses on separation and individuation?
d. Mahler
__B__ 41. Which of the following is not true of the "working-through" process in psychoanalytic therapy?
b. It is achieved by free association.
__E__ 42. Countertransference occurs when:
e. both (the therapist has reactions toward the client that interfere with his or her objectivity)
and (the therapist's needs and wants for the client disrupt the treatment) are true.
C____ 43. Which of the following is not a component of the brief psychodynamic approaches?
a. a sense of equality.
_E___ 87. The person-centered approach has been applied to:
a. personal-growth groups.
b. education
c. family therapy.
d. foreign relations.
e. all of these options
__D__ 88. One of the limitations of the person-centered approach is that:
d. there can be a tendency to give too much support and not enough challenge.
_E___ 89. From a multicultural perspective, the core conditions of the person-centered approach:
e. both (may be difficult to adapt in a manner that is consistent with some cultural
frameworks) and (may be difficult to adapt in a manner that is consistent with some
cultural frameworks)
__A__ 90. In person-centered group therapy, the leader:
a. displays a sense of trust in the members.
__C__ 91. In the 1960s and 1970s Rogers did a great deal to spearhead the development of:
c. personal-growth groups and encounter groups.
_B___ 92. According to Carl Rogers, the three core conditions that create a growth-promoting climate are:
b. congruence, unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding.
_D___ 93. Concerning research on psychotherapy, it can be said that Carl Rogers:
a. stated his concepts as testable hypotheses and submitted them to research.
b. literally opened the field for psychotherapy research.
c. inspired others to conduct extensive research on counseling process and outcome.
d. all of these options
_E___ 94. Person-centered research has been conducted on:
a. treating specific behavioral problems.
b. the hypothesized necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change.
c. comparing the outcomes of person-centered therapy with other models.
d. treatment of personality disorders.
e. all of these options
E____ 95. Accurate empathic understanding helps clients to:
a. notice and value their experiences.
b. reconceptualize earlier experiences
c. modify their perceptions of themselves, others, and the world.
d. increase their confidence in making choices and in pursuing a course of action.
e. all of these options
_B___ 96. One of the limitations of the person-centered approach for counseling ethnic-minority clients is:
b. some clients may expect a more structured approach.
_A___ 97. Person-centered expressive arts therapy is founded all of the following notions except:
a. releasing creative energy is based on the principle of regression.
__D__ 98. According to Natalie Rogers, external conditions that nurture creativity include:
Gestalt
_A___101. Who among the following is not considered a relational Gestalt therapist?
a. Fritz Perls
_D___102. Gestalt therapy is a form of:
d. existential therapy.
__C__103. Field theory suggests that:
c. everything in human experience is relational and in constant flux.
_E___104. A healthy contact experience involves:
a. interacting with others while maintaining a sense of self.
b. creativity.
c. maintaining balance between the figure and the ground.
e. all but (projection)
_E___105. According to the Gestalt view, blocked energy is:
e. both (a defensive behavior) and (a form of resistance to contact)
__A__106. Which of the following is not considered one of the six methodological components of Gestalt therapy?
a. assessment
_B___107. A critical difference between early Gestalt therapy and relational Gestalt therapy is:
b. the approach to confrontation.
_B__ 108. The Gestalt therapist:
b. pays attention to the client's nonverbal language.
_B___109. In Gestalt theory, the experiment is considered:
b. a theoretical proposition crafted to fit the client's unique needs.
_C___110. When a person experiences an internal conflict (namely a conflict between top dog and underdog), which of
the following techniques would be most appropriate?
c. the internal dialogue exercise
_E___111. Gestalt-therapy techniques are designed to help the client:
e. both (expand awareness of the here-and-now) and (intensify feelings and experiences)
__B__112. A Gestalt technique that is most useful when a person attempts to deny an aspect of his or her personality
(such as tenderness) is:
__C__127. Which of the following Gestalt techniques involves asking one person in a group to speak to each of the other
group members?
c. making the rounds
__E__128. The empty chair technique:
a. assists clients in reowning parts of their personality.
b. balances internal polarities.
c. allows clients to externalize an introject.
d. helps to resolve unfinished business.
e. all of these options
_A___129. Which of the following is not one of Miriam Polster's three stages in her integration sequence?
a. reunification
__C__130. A teenage girl is angry with her parents and cuts on her arm. In Gestalt terms, she is most likely engaging in:
c. retroflection.
_D___131. Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone and minimize
interpersonal conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting?
d. confluence.
_B___132. Which of the following is not one of the Gestalt group leader's roles?
b. evoking group catharsis.
_E___133. Without proper training, Gestalt therapists may:
a. evoke catharsis without having the ability to work it through with their client.
b. design faulty experiments.
c. may use ready made techniques inappropriately.
d. may damage the therapeutic relationship with the client.
e. all of these options
__D__134. Contemporary Gestalt therapists view client resistance as:
d. an element of therapy that needs to be respected.
_E___135. Gestalt group work is:
a. action-oriented.
c. focused on the here and now.
d. creative.
e. all but (standardized)
Behavior Therapy
__C__136. Behavior therapy is associated with all but one of the following:
c. a philosophical view of human behavior.
_D___137. Behavior therapy assumes that:
d. behavior is learned.
b.
c.
d.
e.
e. both (It makes explicit the role of the therapist as a reinforcer) and (It blends behavior
modification techniques with meditation and acceptance)
__E__151. Which statement is untrue?
e. Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with behavioral control.
__D__152. Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of behavior therapy?
d. The therapist is manipulative and controlling.
_E___153. Who has done most of the work in the area of modeling?
e. Albert Bandura
B____154. B. F. Skinner is associated with which of the following trends in the behavioral approach?
b. operant conditioning
__E__155. Which of the following is not true about how behavior therapists function in the therapeutic setting?
a. They use techniques such as summarizing, reflection, clarification, and open-ended
questioning.
b. They focus on specific aspects of problems.
c. They systematically assess for information about all aspects of the problem.
d. They serve as a model for the client.
e. All of these options are true.
__A__156. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an effective self-management program?
a. External reinforcement is essential in maintaining behavioral changes.
__A__157. What is not a part of the steps in a self-directed change program?
a. exploration of one's family constellation
_D___158. Which of the following is not one of the seven major areas of personality functioning described by the
acronym "BASIC ID"?
d. aspirations
__B__159. Which of the following is true about "technical eclecticism" in multimodal therapy?
b. It is encouraged.
_B___160. In terms of ethical accountability, behavior therapy:
b. provides a basis for responsible practice.
_A___161. Which of the following behavior therapists is credited with developing the social cognitive learning model,
doing much work on observational learning and modeling, and writing about self-efficacy?
a. Bandura
_C___162. Which of the following distinguishes the cognitive trend in behavior therapy from the trends of classical and
operant conditioning?
c. the integration of thoughts and feelings in the process of behavior change
_B___163. Multimodal therapy is a therapeutic approach that is grounded on:
b. social learning theory.
_D__ 164. According to Bandura, which of the following are characteristic of effective models (whether they be live,
symbolic, or multiple)?
a. similar to the observer with regard to age, sex, race, and attitudes
b. possessing a degree of prestige and status
c. exhibiting warmth
d. all of these options
_E___165. Which of the following clinical strategies is not necessarily employed during assertion training?
e. relaxation
_B___166. Which of the following would not be considered a feature of a good self-contract?
b. It is a verbal agreement between client and therapist.
__E__167. A limitation of behavior therapy is:
a. the overemphasis on feeling and the neglect of cognition.
b. the overemphasis upon insight.
c. the lack of empirical research validating its techniques.
d. the need for long-term treatment to effect change.
e. none of these options
__E__168. During the second wave of behavior therapy, therapists:
a. continued to emphasize empirically supported treatments.
b. increased their focus on the role of emotion in behavior change.
c. adopted a stronger biological perspective.
d. applied behavior therapy principles to prevention of disease and illness.
e. all of these options
_C___169. Behavior therapy emerged as a major force in psychotherapy and experienced a significant growth spurt
during the:
c. 1970s.
_A___170. Wolpe's systematic desensitization is based on the principles of:
a. classical conditioning.
__B__171. The situation in which behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them is:
b. operant conditioning.
__B__172. Skinner's view of shaping behavior is based on the principle of:
b. operant conditioning.
_A___173. ____involves the removal of unpleasant stimuli from a situation once a certain behavior has occurred.
a. Negative reinforcement
_C___174. Cognitive-behavioral therapy:
c. stands alone as a unique approach to psychotherapy.
_D___175. ____ is a key pioneer of clinical behavior therapy because of his broadening of its conceptual bases and
development of multimodal therapy.
d. Arnold Lazarus.
_D___176. All of the following are characteristics of the behavioral approaches except:
d. Behavior therapy employs the same procedures to every client with a particular
dysfunctional behavior.
E____177. In conducting a behavioral assessment, the client's functioning is taken into account in which area(s)?
a. emotional dimensions
b. cognitive dimensions
c. behavioral dimensions
d. interpersonal dimensions
e. all of these options
_E___178. The goal of acceptance in ACT is:
e. both (encouraging clients to engage in nonjudgmental observation of cognitions and
feelings) and (creating psychological flexibility)
__D__179. Behavior therapists tend to:
a. be active and directive.
b. function as consultants.
c. function as problem solvers.
d. all of these options
__A__180. All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitization except for:
a. hypnosis.
__B__181. Techniques used in mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy include all but:
b. flooding.
_E___182. In working with diverse clients, strengths of the behavioral approach include:
a. specificity.
b. action orientation.
c. careful consideration of environmental conditions in the client's life.
d. both (specificity) and (action orientation)
e. all of these options
__E__183. Self-management strategies include:
a. self-monitoring.
b. self-award.
c. self-contracting.
d. stimulus control.
e. all of these options
___B_184. If your client wanted to change a behavior, for instance, learning to control smoking, drinking, or eating,
which behavioral technique would be most appropriate to employ?
b. self-management
_C___185. Techniques that differentiate behavioral group therapy from other models of group work include all but:
c. a time-limited intervention.
__D__186. From a multimodal therapy perspective, enduring change is seen as a function of:
d. combined techniques, strategies, and modalities.
_A___187. Lazarus argues in favor of:
a. technical eclecticism.
__D__188. Who is the developer of multimodal therapy?
d. Arnold Lazarus
_C___189. The premise of the exposure-based therapies is that anxiety is reduced through:
c. pairing a feared stimulus with a competing, calming response.
__E__190. In group settings, behavior therapists provide:
a. modeling.
b. polarized thinking.
E__41. Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT in that
Beck's approach emphasizes:
a. more of a Socratic dialogue.
b. helping clients to discover their misconceptions by themselves.
c. working with the client in collaborative ways.
d. more structure in the therapy process.
e. all of the above
D__42. Beck's cognitive therapy has been most widely applied to
the treatment of:
d. depression.
E__43. In Meichenbaum's self-instructional therapy, focus is on:
a. detecting and debating irrational thoughts.
b. learning the power of reexperiencing childhood events.
c. learning the A-B-C theory of emotional disturbances.
d. carrying out shame-attacking exercises in daily life.
e. none of the above
C__44. The cognitive distortion of making conclusions without
supporting and relevant evidence is:
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. selective abstraction.
e. personalization.
D__45. The cognitive distortion that consists of forming conclusions
based on an isolated detail of an event is:
c. arbitrary inferences.
B_46. The process of holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a
single incident and applying them inappropriately to dissimilar events
or settings is known as:
b. overgeneralization.
E_47. The tendency for individuals to relate external events to
themselves, even when there is no basis for making this connection, is
known as:
e. personalization.
A__48. The cognitive distortion that involves portraying one's
identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past
and allowing them to define one's true identity is:
a. labeling and mislabeling.
B__49. To a large degree, cognitive therapy is:
b. a psychoeducational model.
b. clients are helped to get connected or reconnected with the people they have
A__63. The function of the reality therapist is:
a. to assist clients in dealing with the present.
B__64. Concerning the role and place of evaluation in therapy:
b. it is the client's place to make his or her own evaluation concerning his or her
behavior.
B__65. Which statement is not true of reality therapy?
b. It focuses on attitude change as a prerequisite for behavior change.
E__66. Which method(s) is (are) often used in reality therapy?
a. behavior-oriented methods
b. the contract method
c. use of role playing
d. confronting clients
e. all of the above
E__67. Which of the following would not be used by a reality
therapist?
a. the use of drugs and medication
b. the use of hypnosis
c. the analysis of dreams
d. the search for causes of current problems
e. none of the above would be used
E_68. Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist
be least likely to employ?
e. reliving an early childhood event
A_69. Which of the following is not a function of the reality
therapist?
a. focusing on areas in the client's life that need improvement so that they can achieve
a "success identity"
C_ 70. All of the following are true about planning and commitment in
reality therapy, except:
c. A great deal of time is spent on this step of reality therapy.
C__71. Reality therapy is based on which of the following
orientations to understanding human behavior?
c. existential-phenomenological
A_72. According to reality therapy, which of the following is not
true as it relates to mental illness and mental health?
a. Psychosis can be directly related to distorted thinking patterns.
E_73. Reality therapists are likely to deal with all of the following
except for:
e. asking clients to recall, report, and share dreams.
B__74. A reality therapist will primarily focus on:
b. present behavior.
D__75. When reality therapists explore a client's past, they tend to
focus on:
d. past successes.
C_76. In reality therapy, the purpose of developing an action plan
is:
c. to arrange for successful experience.
E_77. In reality therapy, when a client fails to carry out their plans,
the therapist will:
e. challenge the client to accept the reasonable consequence of their behavior.
C_78. Which of the following is (are) a contribution of reality
therapy?
c. It provides a structure for both clients and therapist to evaluate the degree and the
nature of changes.
B_79. Reality therapy rests on the central idea that:
b. we choose our behavior and are responsible for what we do, think, and feel.
A__80. Glasser would agree with all of the following conclusions
except:
a. We are most likely to change if we are threatened by punishment.
D__81. The core of reality therapy consists of:
d. teaching clients to take effective control of their own lives.
A__ 82. Glasser identifies four psychological needs, which are the forces
that drive us. Which of the following is not one of the needs that he
focuses on?
a. self-actualization
B__83. All of the following are procedures that are commonly used
in reality therapy except:
b. exploring early recollections.
D__84. Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist
be least likely to employ?
d. asking a client to emotionally reexperience a childhood experience
D__85. Which of the following statements is true as it applies to
control theory?
d. We are motivated completely by internal forces, and our behavior is our best
attempt to get what we want.