30

1:
1.3:

 , 30, 1.3:

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.
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

2.

3.

 , 30, 1.3:

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:

(
)

 , 30, 1.3:

.
1.
,,,,

.
f(n) g(n). :

f=o(g)

, f
g

f<g

f=O(g)

, f
g

fg

f=(g)

, f
g

f=g

f=(g)

, f
g

fg

f=(g)

, f
g

f>g

 , 30, 1.3:

.
1.
1.
, f=O(g), : fg.
:
f (n) = O ( g (n)) n0 > 0, c > 0 : 0 f ( n) c g (n) n n0

n0,
f(n) cg(n)
c.

H f(n)=O(g(n)) f g

 , 30, 1.3:

.
1.
1.
:
1
: 2n=O(n3)
:
f(n)=2n, g(n)=n3
n0=1, c=2.

f (n) cg (n)
2n 2n 3
1 n2
n1

 , 30, 1.3:

.
1.
2. o
, f=(g), : f<g.
:
f (n) = o( g (n)) c > 0 : n0 : 0 f ( n) < c g (n ) n n0

c f(n)
cg(n) n0
H f(n)=(g(n)) f
g
!!
n=O(n)
no(n)
n=o(n2)
n=o(n3)
...

c>0.

 , 30, 1.3:

.
1.
2. o
:
2
: 2n=(n2)
:
c>0:

f (n) < cg (n)

2n < cn 2
2 < cn
2/c < n
n0

2 / c

 , 30, 1.3:

.
1.
4.
, f=(g), : fg.
:
f (n) = ( g (n)) n0 > 0, c > 0 :

f (n) c g ( n) 0 n n0

n0,
f(n) cg(n)
c.

H f(n)=(g(n)) f
g

 , 30, 1.3:

.
1.
4.
:
3
: 4n=(logn)
:
f(n)=4n, g(n)=logn
n0=1, c=4.

f (n) cg (n)
4n 4 log n
n log n
n1

10

 , 30, 1.3:

11

.
1.
5.
, f=(g), : f>g.
:
f ( n) = ( g (n)) c > 0 : n0 :

f (n) > c g ( n) 0 n n0

c f(n)
cg(n) n0
H f(n)=(g(n)) f
g
!!
n=(n)
n(n)
n=(logn)
n=(loglogn)
...

c>0.

 , 30, 1.3:

.
1.
5.
:
4
: 0.5n2=(n)
:
c>0:

f (n) > cg (n)

0.5n 2 > cn
c
n>

0.5
n > 2c

n0 2c

12

 , 30, 1.3:

13

.
1.
5.
, f=(g), f=g.
:
f (n) = ( g (n)) n0 > 0, c1 , c2 > 0 : 0 < c1 g ( n) f ( n) c2 g ( n)
n n0

n0,
f(n) g(n),
:

H f(n)=(g(n)) f
g

 , 30, 1.3:

.
1.
5.
:
5
: 4n=(n)
:
f(n)=4n, g(n)=n
n0=1, c1=2.

f (n) c1 g (n)

4 n 2n
42
n1
n0=1, c2=6.

f (n) cg (n)
4n 6n
46
n1

14

 , 30, 1.3:

15

.
2.
2
:
,
:
c 0, f ( n) = ( g ( n))
f ( n)
= 0, f ( n) = o( g ( n))
lim
n+ g (n)
+ , f ( n) = ( g ( n))

( )
:

 , 30, 1.3:

.
2.
:
6
: 0.5n2=(n)
:

f ( n)
0.5n 2
lim
= lim
= lim (0.5n) = +
n + g ( n)
n +
n+
n
0.5n2=(n)
6
: 2n=o(3n)
:
n

f ( n)
2n
2
lim
= lim n = lim = lim (0.66) n = 0
n + g ( n)
n+ 3
n+ 3
n+
2n=o(3n)

16

 , 30, 1.3:

.
3.

:
1: f ( n) = ( g (n )) f (n) = O ( g (n)) f (n) = ( g (n))

: f=g fg fg

2: f (n) = ( g ( n)) f (n) = O ( g (n))

: f<g fg

( )
3: f ( n) = ( g (n)) f (n) = ( g (n))

: f>g fg

( )

17

 , 30, 1.3:

18

.
4.
O(n2):
:
1=O(n2)
n+2=O(n2)
logn=O(n2)
logn+5loglogn=O(n2)
3n2=O(n2)
O(n2)
n2.
O(n2)
:
1 O(n 2 )
n + 2 O(n 2 )

 , 30, 1.3:

19

.
1
f g
f
g.
f(n)

g(n)

n2

n3

n1.5

4logn

8logn

5n2

0.5n2

n3-5n

8logn

.. 1 , n2=o(n3)

 , 30, 1.3:

20

.
2
f g
3
f g
g(n)=5
f(n)=loglogn

g(n)=logn

g(n)=n2

g(n)=2n

g(n)=5n

f(n)=4logn
f(n)=n
f(n)=2n2
f(n)=6n5+n
f(n)=3n
f(n)=n!

.. 1 loglogn=(1)

g(n)=nn

 , 30, 1.3:

.
1
,
:
1. n = O(n log n)
2. 4n 2 + n = (n 2 )
3. log 2 n = (log n)
4. 6n + 4 = (n)
5. 2 n = o(3n )
6. n n = ( n 2 )

21

 , 30, 1.3:

.
2
, :
1. n = O(n log n)
2. 4n 2 + n = (n 2 )
3. log 2 n = (log n)
4. 6n + 4 = (n)
5. 2 n = o(3n )
6. n n = ( n 2 )

22