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ASHRAE 62.1 90.1 Vav
ASHRAE 62.1 90.1 Vav
These days many designers want to comply with both Standard 62.1 and Standard 90.1.
Requirements from both standards have been incorporated into many building codes, and the
minimum requirements of both standards must be met as prerequisites to LEED certification. In
attempting to comply with the ventilation requirements of Standard 62.1 AND the energy-limiting
requirements of Standard 90.1, some designers have concluded that its next to impossible to do
so using traditional VAV systems. While in some specific cases these designers might be right, in
most cases they are not right. In this broadcast, the Chair of SSPC 62.1 (Dennis Stanke), the Chair
of SSPC 90.1 (Mick Schwedler), and the primary author of the HVAC sections in the User Manuals
for both standards (Steve Taylor), discuss the potentially conflicting requirements and design
choices.
By attending this event you will learn:
1. Key VAV system requirements found in both standards
2. How to avoid the potential conflict between the central reheat restrictions of Standard 90.1 and
dehumidification requirements of Standard 62.1
3. How to choose VAV box minimum airflow settings to avoid the potential conflict between the
local reheat restrictions of and the minimum ventilation at all loads
4. How implement zone-level demand controlled ventilation to save energy while maintaining
minimum ventilation
Agenda:
1) Overview Why are the standards important and why must you comply?
2) Demand-Controlled Ventilation
a) 62.1
b) 90.1
c) Conflicts?
d) How do you comply?
3) Dehumidification
a) 62.1
b) 90.1
c) Conflicts?
d) How do you comply?
4) Simultaneous heating and cooling
a) 90.1 (2004 and 2007)
b) 62.1 (2004 and 2007)
c) Conflicts?
d) How do you comply?
Presenters
ASHRAE Standards
62.1 and 90.1
and VAV Systems
an
Engineers Newsletter
Live program
2008 Trane
2008 Trane
Agenda
Demand-controlled ventilation
Dehumidification
Simultaneous heating and cooling
Questions
Summary
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Todays Presenters
Dennis Stanke
staff applications
engineer
ASHRAE Standards
62.1 and 90.1
and VAV Systems
Demand-controlled
ventilation
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90.1 requirements
Dynamic Reset
dynamic reset
Zone Calculations
1. Calculate breathing-zone outdoor airflow, using
(Table 6-2)
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dynamic reset
dynamic reset
Multiple-Zone Systems
Cant deliver OA with 100% efficiency
because some excess OA exhausts
VAV
air handler
OA
Some excess
(unused) OA
leaves building
EA
RA
VAV
PA
VAV
RA
zone 1
OVERVENTILATED
PA
VAV
RA
zone 2
PROPERLY
VENTILATED
PA
RA
zone 3
OVERVENTILATED
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System Calculations
6.2.5 Multiple-Zone Recirculating Systems
Ev = 1 + Xs Zd
2
Xs = Vou/Vps
Zd = Voz/Vdz
4
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system calculations
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(entry)
(entry)
Vbz/Ez
(measured)
Voz/Vdz
=
=
=
=
=
Vbz
Vou/Vdz
1 + Xs Zd
smallest (Evz)
Vou/Ev
=
=
=
=
=
uncorrected OA flow
average OA fraction
zone vent. efficiency
system vent. efficiency
outdoor air intake flow
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8, 810
8,810
w/VRC
w/o VRC
8,810
8,410
dynamic reset
part load
ventilation optimization
At part load:
140
140
260
260
Vot
Vot
w/vent w/vent
& DCV
reset
40
8,810
Pz
disc airflow Vdz
vent rate
Vbz
vent fraction Zdz
TOD
ASHRAE Standards
62.1 and 90.1 and
VAV Systems
90.1 Requirements
Demand-Controlled
ventilation
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ventilation optimization
lounge
rest
room
storage
mech
room
office
AHU
CO2
corridor
TOD
reception area
elevators
vestibule
OCC
OCC
office
CO2
conference rm
TOD
computer room
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10
c.
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11
Economizers
Climate zone
Economizer unnecessary
135,000 Btu/h
65,000 Btu/h
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12
Dry
Moist
Required for
Systems > 11T
Required for
Systems > 5T
Economizer
Not Required
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Equation to
VIot3 COA
Vpz , Cs
I
correlate CO2
setpoints to OA
rate derived from
basic principals
VIot3 CR
N, v, CR
VIot3 CR
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15
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CR
COA
Ez
Rp
Ra
Az
Pz
m
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
16
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(CO2max)
17
1000
Room
CO2
Voz
Vat
0
800
600
OA rate
w/DCV
400
62.1 min
OA rate
0
10
1200
20
30
40
zone population, Pz
50
60
200
0
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infrared
incandescent
infrared
source
interactive
sensor
element
reduction
oxidation
(voltage output)
light
resistance
emission
change
quenching
(color change)
custom designed
infrared filters
reference
diffusion
target gas
membranes
patented
waveguide
microprocessor
dual beam
micro-machined
thermopile
detector
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18
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sensor in
breathing
zone
zone
CO2
sensor
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19
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1) Increase zone
airflow and reheat?
CO2
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20
OA
Minimum
Setpoint
0%
CO2 Signal
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ASHRAE
Standards 62.1
and 90.1 and VAV
Systems
Dehumidification
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90.1 requirements
Dehumidification
Std 62.1-2007 limits space relative
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22
single-zone system
T
space
EA
constantspeed fan
OA
MA
SA
full load
basic CV system
OA 96F DB,
76F WB
85
80
colder
warmer
SA 55.7F DB
full load
70
(1,500 cfm)
OA
65
MA
50
30
30
35
40
SA
120
100
80
60
55
45
160
140
drier
75
MA 80.6F DB
180
60
RA
40
20
40
50
60
70
80
dry-bulb temperature, F
90
100
RA 74F DB,
52% RH
wetter
0
110
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23
part load
basic CV system
OA 76F DP,
84F DB
80
65% RH
SA 63F DB
65
RA'
60
55
50
40
160
140
full load
OA
70
(1,500 cfm)
35
part load
OA
75
MA 77F DB
30
180
120
100
MA
80
SA
60
RA
45
40
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
dry-bulb temperature, F
90
100
RA 74F DB,
52% RH
85
0
110
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part load
basic CV system
OA 76F DP,
84F DB
MA 77F DB
compared
to 52% at
full load
SA 63F DB
80
180
part load
OA
75
full load
OA
70
(1,500 cfm)
65
160
50
30
30
35
40
40
45
SA
80
RA
3.7 tons
50
120
100
MA
60
55
140
60
70
80
dry-bulb temperature, F
compared
to 4.8 tons
at full load
90
100
60
40
20
RA 74F DB,
67% RH
85
0
110
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24
OA
CA
CA
CA
SA
SA
RA
direct to
spaces
RA
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100% OA system
part load
OA 76F DP,
84F DB
CA 52F DB,
52F DP
(cold air)
85
60
30
40
CA
80
RA'
55
50
120
100
65
(1,050 cfm)
140
SA
RA
60
40
20
40
50
60
70
80
dry-bulb temperature, F
90
100
70
SA 68F DB
35
part load
OA
75
RA 74F DB,
50% RH
30
160
80
(450 cfm)
45
180
0
110
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25
Single-Path VAV
EA
RA
space
T
OA
MA
SA
variablespeed fan
space
T
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part load
OA
RA
DP,
DB
DB,
RH
MA
79F DB
SA
55F DB
compared to
67% with
80
basic CV system
85
180
160
part load
OA
75
70
(900 cfm)
65
50
30
30
35
40
SA
45
120
100
MA
80
60
55
140
60
RA
40
20
40
50
60
70
80
dry-bulb temperature, F
90
100
76F
84F
74F
57%
0
110
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26
67%
73%
watch out
65%
70%
not so good
+ mixed-air bypass
52%
65%
68%
not so good
+ 2-speed fan
52%
60%
68%
works OK
+ return-air bypass
52%
55%
60%
works well
+ reheat (direct)
52%
55%
55%
works well*
50%
53%
55%
works well*
52%
57%
60%
works well
basic CV system
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section 6: HVAC
Mandatory Provisions
prescriptive
requirements
mandatory
provisions
(6.4)
proposed
HVAC design
(6.5)
Energy Cost
Budget Method
(ECB, 11)
Simplified
Approach
Option (6.3)
90.1-compliant
HVAC system
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Reheating
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simultaneous heatingcooling
Dehumidification Exceptions
a) Reducing supply airflow to 50%, or minimum
ventilation rate specified by 62.1
b) Systems < 6.67 tons that can unload at least 50%
c) Systems smaller than 3.3 tons
d) Systems with specific humidity requirements for
process needs (e.g. museums, surgical suites,
supermarkets)
e) 75% of reheat/recool energy is site-recovered or
site-solar
f)
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possible
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Compliance Techniques
VAV Systems
30
Compliance Techniques
Single zone systems
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maximum speed
supply air
temperature
setpoint
minimum speed
minimum setpoint
heating loop signal
31
ASHRAE
Standards 62.1
and 90.1 and VAV
Systems
Simultaneous Heating
and Cooling
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No reheating
No recooling
No mixing or simultaneously
supplying mechanically (or
economizer) cooled and
mechanically heated air
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32
simultaneous heatingcooling
Zone-Control Exceptions
a) Reduce zone airflow to
prescribed limit
pressurization requirements
or code-required minimum
circulation rates
c) Site-recovered or site-solar
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simultaneous heatingcooling
Zone-Control Exceptions
Zone airflow does not exceed whichever
is largest:
a) ASHRAE Standard 62s zone
requirements for outdoor air
b) 0.4 cfm/ft
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Reheat Minimum
0.5
1.5
2.5
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simultaneous heatingcooling
Zone-Control Exceptions
Zone airflow does not exceed whichever is
largest:
a) ASHRAE Standard 62s zone
requirements for outdoor air
b) 0.4 cfm/ft
c) 30% of supply air
d) 300 cfm
e) ASHRAE Standard 62s
multiple-space requirements,
if approved by AHJ
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34
90.1 requirements
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RA
space
T
OA
MA
SA
variablespeed fan
space
T
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35
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Zone Calculations
1. Calculate breathing-zone outdoor airflow, using
(6-1)
(Table 6-2)
(6-2)
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36
Multiple-Zone Systems
4.
5.
(6-6)
6.
7.
(6-8)
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Multiple-Zone Systems
Step 4 (find Zd = Voz/Vdz), use minimum
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37
If Vdz-exp = Voz
Questionableairflow
design:
100% OA
discharge
airflow
Vdz-exp
Vdz-rht
Vdz-clg
Voz
local reheat
design heating
deadband
zone load
If Vdz-exp = Vdz-rm
Conservativeairflow
design:
< 100% OA
discharge
airflow
Vdz-exp
Vdz-rht
Vdz-clg
Voz
local reheat
design heating
deadband
zone load
design cooling
38
Less
airflow
conservative
design:
<< 100% OA
discharge
airflow
Vdz-exp
Vdz-rht
Vdz-clg
Voz
local reheat
design heating
deadband
zone load
discharge
airflow
Vdz-exp
Vdz-rht
Vdz-clg
Voz
local reheat
design heating
deadband
zone load
design cooling
39
possible
62MZCalc
compared to DOAS
40
62MZCalc Spreadsheet
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62MZCalc Spreadsheet
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62MZCalc Spreadsheet
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62MZCalc Spreadsheet
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62MZCalc Spreadsheet
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Answers to
Your Questions
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62.1 allows
No conflict
CO2 sensing is often used
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No conflict
Use VAV or two-speed fans
Consider recovering energy, even if not
required
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No conflict, but
Challenges must be met through proper system
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www.trane.com/engineersnewsletter
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49
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50
ASHRAE Standards
62.1 and 90.1
and VAV Systems
an
Engineers Newsletter
Live telecast
2008 Trane
Presenters
Dennis Stanke
Mick Schwedler
Steve Taylor
Jeanne Harshaw
Director
Rob Ramseier
51
Audio
Brett Huus
Camera
Troy Buddenhagen
Heather Stipetich
Graphics
Jeanne Harshaw
Dawn Johnson
Liz Brungraber
Technician
Joe De Poole
Teleprompter
Sarah Arendt
A Special Thanks to
52
ASHRAE Standards
62.1 and 90.1
and VAV Systems
an
Engineers Newsletter
Live telecast
2008 Trane
Goodnite
Satellite
53
54
Please Stand By
ASHRAE Standards
62.1 and 90.1
and VAV Systems
55
Jeanne Harshaw
Dennis Stanke
56
Mick Schwedler
Steve Taylor
57
Fax in Questions
1-800-853-3302
58