DP Report 1

Dhollera Speecial Invvestmen
nt Region
nal Devvelopmen
nt Auth
hority
FINA
AL DE
EVELO
OPMEN
NT PL
LAN DSIRD
D
DA
REPO
ORT - 1
SAN
NCTION
NED BY APE
EX AUT
THORIITY (G
GIDB) ON
O
TH
10
SEPTE
EMBER
R,
20122 AND
D
CAM
ME INT
TO FOR
RCE ON
N 10THH SEPT
TEMBE
ER, 2012
DraftDevelopmentPlan(DDP)
Contents
ABBREVIATIONSx
EXECUTIVESUMMARY.............................................................................................................................1
1.
ExecutiveSummary................................................................................................................................1
1.1.
TheProject.....................................................................................................................................1
1.2.
TheDraftDevelopmentplanReport1.........................................................................................1
1.3.
TheProjectSite..............................................................................................................................1
1.4.
OverallVisionandObjectives.........................................................................................................1
1.5.
PlanProvision.................................................................................................................................1
1.6.
TheLandUseAllocations...............................................................................................................2
1.7.
IndustrialandEconomicZones......................................................................................................3
1.8.
ResidentialAreas............................................................................................................................3
1.9.
Government,CivicandCulturalFacilities.......................................................................................3
1.10.
LeisureandTourism...................................................................................................................3
1.11.
GreenSpaces,RecreationandAgriculture.................................................................................3
1.12.
Phasing.......................................................................................................................................3
1.13.
Transport....................................................................................................................................4
1.14.
ProvisionofUtilities...................................................................................................................4
1.15.
EnvironmentandSocialStrategy...............................................................................................4
1.16.
CostofInfrastructure.................................................................................................................5
1.17.
ImplementationFramework......................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................6
2.
Introduction............................................................................................................................................6
2.1.
ProjectBrief....................................................................................................................................6
2.2. ConstitutionofAuthorityandCommitteeMembersoftheDholeraSpecialInvestment
RegionalDevelopmentAuthority(DSIRDA)undertheGujaratSpecialInvestmentRegionAct2009.......6
2.3.
PowersandFunctionsofDholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelopmentAuthorityU/S15.
........................................................................................................................................................7
2.4.
AreaunderJurisdictionofDholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelopmentAuthority...........9
2.5.
PurposeoftheDraftDevelopmentplan......................................................................................10
2.6.
TheApproachAdoptedinthePreparationoftheDraftDevelopmentPlan................................10
DholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelopmentAuthority,Gandhinagar
DSIRDA
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THEDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGY................................................................................................................13
3.
TheDevelopmentStrategy...................................................................................................................13
3.1.
PlanProvision...............................................................................................................................13
3.2.
PlanObjectives.............................................................................................................................13
3.3.
SpatialThemesandPlanningPrinciples.......................................................................................14
3.4.
OverallSpatialStrategy................................................................................................................18
3.5.
KeySpatialPlanElements............................................................................................................25
3.6.
IntegrationofExistingVillageSettlements..................................................................................28
3.7.
Sustainability................................................................................................................................30
THEPHASINGSTRATEGY.........................................................................................................................33
4.
ThePhasingStrategy............................................................................................................................33
4.1.
Introduction..................................................................................................................................33
4.2.
LandDemand...............................................................................................................................33
4.3.
TheSpatialPhasingStrategy........................................................................................................33
4.4.
Phase1.........................................................................................................................................34
4.5.
Phase2.........................................................................................................................................37
4.6.
Phase3.........................................................................................................................................39
4.7.
RetainingFlexibility......................................................................................................................39
4.8.
PhasingofMajorInfrastructureElements...................................................................................41
LANDUSEPROPOSALS............................................................................................................................44
5.
LandUseProposals...............................................................................................................................44
5.1.
HousingProvision.........................................................................................................................44
5.2.
CommunityFacilities....................................................................................................................46
5.3.
CommercialUsesandFormalTourism.........................................................................................51
5.4.
Industry.........................................................................................................................................58
5.5.
OpenspaceandRecreation.........................................................................................................61
5.6.
AgricultureZonesandReserveLand............................................................................................62
TRANSPORT............................................................................................................................................64
6.
Transport..............................................................................................................................................64
6.1.
Introduction..................................................................................................................................64
6.2.
EstimatedTrafficDemand............................................................................................................64
6.3.
DevelopmentStrategyExternallinks........................................................................................65
6.4.
AnIntegratedTransportStrategyfortheCity.............................................................................67
6.5.
DescriptionofRoadCategories....................................................................................................72
6.6.
RoadJunctions..............................................................................................................................82
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6.7.
ThePublicTransportStrategy......................................................................................................86
6.8.
ChoiceofMassTransportModeforDSIR....................................................................................87
6.9.
IntegratedMultimodalTransportSystem...................................................................................88
UTILITIES.................................................................................................................................................90
7.
Utilities.................................................................................................................................................90
7.1.
Introduction..................................................................................................................................90
7.2.
WaterSupply................................................................................................................................90
7.3.
WasteWaterManagementSystem.............................................................................................93
7.4.
StormwaterDrainageSystem.....................................................................................................99
7.5.
RiverManagementandStrategicFloodControl........................................................................102
7.6.
SolidWasteManagementSystem..............................................................................................104
7.7.
Power.........................................................................................................................................111
7.8.
InformationCommunicationTechnology(ICT)/TelecommunicationNetwork.........................119
7.9.
ProvisionforIntegratedUtilityNetworkalongRoads...............................................................121
7.10.
SmartMetering......................................................................................................................123
7.11.
UbiquitousUrbanInfrastructure............................................................................................123
ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT............................................................................................................127
8.
EnvironmentalAssessment................................................................................................................127
8.1.
Introduction................................................................................................................................127
8.2.
KeyEnvironmentalParameters..................................................................................................127
8.3.
RequirementsofEnvironmentalRelatedClearances................................................................129
8.4.
DevelopmentProposed..............................................................................................................131
8.5.
PotentialImpactandMitigationMeasures................................................................................131
8.6.
EnvironmentalManagementPlan(EMP)...................................................................................137
SOCIALASSESSMENT.............................................................................................................................146
9.
SocialAssessment..............................................................................................................................146
9.1.
Scope..........................................................................................................................................146
9.2.
ExistingSocioeconomicConditions...........................................................................................146
9.3.
SocialImpact..............................................................................................................................149
9.4.
MitigationStrategy.....................................................................................................................149
9.5.
LandBasedEconomicOpportunities.........................................................................................150
9.6.
NonlandbasedEconomicOpportunities..................................................................................150
9.7.
IntegrationofExistingVillageSettlements................................................................................151
9.8.
BenefitsoftheDevelopmentfortheVillageResidents.............................................................153
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IMPLEMENTATIONANDREGULATORYFRAMEWORK............................................................................154
10.
ImplementationandRegulatoryFramework.................................................................................154
10.1.
Introduction............................................................................................................................154
10.2.
LegislationandGovernance...................................................................................................156
10.3.
InstitutionalFrameworkoftheVillageSettlements..............................................................157
10.4.
LandManagementMechanisms............................................................................................157
10.5.
TheProposedStrategyforDSIR.............................................................................................160
10.6.
KeyFeaturesoftheProposedLandManagementStrategy...................................................162
10.7.
CommunityServiceCharge....................................................................................................163
10.8.
PlanMonitoringandReview..................................................................................................165
10.9.
SingleWindowClearance.......................................................................................................166
BROADCOSTESTIMATES.......................................................................................................................167
11.
BroadCostEstimates......................................................................................................................167
BENEFITSFROMDSIR............................................................................................................................184
12.
BenefitsfromDSIR.........................................................................................................................184
12.1.
DirectBenefits........................................................................................................................184
12.2.
IndirectBenefits.....................................................................................................................185
SPATIALPLANNINGINTHEPOSTKALPASARDAMSCENARIO..............................................................186
13.
SpatialPlanninginthePostKalpasarDamScenario....................................................................186
13.1.
IncreasedLandAvailabilityPostKalpasardam......................................................................186
13.2.
TheDemandforadditionalLand............................................................................................186
13.3.
ReducingUncertainty.............................................................................................................186
13.4.
PostKalpasarStrategy............................................................................................................186
APPENDICES..........................................................................................................................................190
AppendixA:StrategicContext................................................................................................................190
AppendixB:ExistingConditionsinDSIR..................................................................................................198
AppendixC:DemographicProfileExistingVillageSettlements...............................................................207
AppendixD:PopulationBaseEstimates..................................................................................................209
AppendixE:GovernmentLandOwnershipbyPhase...............................................................................214
AppendixF:TrafficStudy........................................................................................................................217
AppendixG:EvaluationofFreshWaterSourcesforDSIR.........................................................................223
AppendixH:GroundImprovementStrategy...........................................................................................229
AppendixI:ForestAreaDetails...............................................................................................................236
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ListofFigures
Figure11:OverallLandUseAllocationPercentShare....................................................................................2
Figure21:DMICCorridorandtheNational......................................................................................................6
Figure22:TheVisionfortheDSIRDA................................................................................................................6
Figure23:TheStrategicPlanningDeterminants............................................................................................11
Figure24:ReportsreferredtopreparedbyHalcrow...................................................................................12
Figure31:ForestLandwithinDSIR(onlyindicative)......................................................................................17
Figure32:BroadUrbanStructureStreetGrid..............................................................................................18
Figure33:SpatialDevelopmentplan..............................................................................................................20
Figure34:CharacterofCityCentres...............................................................................................................26
Figure35:PolycentricDevelopmentMainCityCentresandDistrictCentres.............................................27
Figure36:HighAccessCorridorsasTransitOrientedDevelopments............................................................28
Figure37:VillageBufferzonesaroundExistingVillageSettlements..............................................................29
Figure41:Phase1DevelopmentLandUses................................................................................................36
Figure42:Phase2DevelopmentLandUses.................................................................................................38
Figure43:Phase3DevelopmentLandUses.................................................................................................40
Figure51:LandUseswithHousingAllocation................................................................................................47
Figure52:LandUseswithCommercialAllocations........................................................................................57
Figure53:Industrial.LogisticsandKnowledgeZones....................................................................................60
Figure54:OpenSpaces...................................................................................................................................63
Figure61:ProposedRailNetwork..................................................................................................................67
Figure62:OverallRoadHierarchyintheDSIR................................................................................................69
Figure63:InternalRoadswithinSectorsandtheConnectivitywiththeStrategicRoads..............................71
Figure64:IllustrativeViewCentralTransportCorridor................................................................................72
Figure65:RoadCrossSectionCentralTransportCorridor...........................................................................73
Figure66:IllustrativeViewIndustrialPriorityArterialRoad........................................................................74
Figure67:RoadCrossSectionIndustrialPriorityArterialRoad....................................................................75
Figure68:IllustrativeViewArterialRoad.....................................................................................................76
Figure69:RoadCrossSectionArterialRoad.................................................................................................77
Figure610:IllustrativeViewCollectorRoad.................................................................................................78
Figure611:RoadCrossSectionCollectorRoads..........................................................................................79
Figure612:IllustrativeViewInternalCollectorRoad...................................................................................80
Figure613:CrossSectionInternalCollectorRoad........................................................................................80
Figure614:IllustrativeViewLocalRoad.......................................................................................................81
Figure615:RoadCrossSectionLocalRoad..................................................................................................81
Figure616:MajorJunctionsonRoads............................................................................................................83
Figure617:Junctionon30mWideCollectorRoad.........................................................................................84
Figure618:Junctionon55mWideArterialRoad...........................................................................................84
Figure619:GradeSeparatedJunctiononthe250mWideCentralTransportCorridor(ExpresswayCorridor)
..........................................................................................................................................................................85
Figure620:ProposedPublicTransitNetwork.................................................................................................88
Figure621:PedestrianandBicycleNetworkwithTransitStops....................................................................89
Figure71:WaterSupplyNetwork...................................................................................................................92
Figure72:SewerageCatchmentArea.............................................................................................................95
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Figure73:SewageSystemFlowNetwork.......................................................................................................96
Figure74:DrainageNetwork........................................................................................................................101
Figure75:ProposedFloodProtectionBunds...............................................................................................103
Figure76:HierarchyofWasteManagement................................................................................................107
Figure77:IntegratedWasteManagementProcessFlowchart....................................................................109
Figure78:PowerSupplyInitialPhase...........................................................................................................114
Figure79:PowerSupplyinLaterPhases......................................................................................................114
Figure710:PowerSupplyNetwork...............................................................................................................116
Figure711:ProposedOfftakePointsandLocationsofGasStations...........................................................122
Figure712:UbiquitousInfrastructureConcept............................................................................................125
Figure713:CitieswithUbiquitousInfrastructure.........................................................................................126
Figure81:NaturalHabitatsinProximityoftheDSIRDA...............................................................................129
Figure101:ImplementationFramework......................................................................................................155
Figure102:TownPlanningSchemesinDSIR................................................................................................161
Figure103:LandManagementStrategyforDSIRDA....................................................................................162
Figure104:IllustrativeCompositionoftheCommunityServiceCharge(CSC).............................................165
Figure131:SpatialLandUsePlaninthePostKalpasarScenario...............................................................188
FigureA1:TheDSIR,DFCAlignmentandtheDMICInfluenceRegioninGujarat........................................190
FigureA2:StrategicPlanningDeterminants................................................................................................192
FigureA3:TransportConnectivity................................................................................................................193
FigureA4:SubRegionalContext................................................................................................................194
FigureA5:MajorSchemesandProposalsInfluencingtheProject..............................................................195
FigureB1:TheDSIR......................................................................................................................................200
FigureB2:WindRoseDiagramforBhavnagar.............................................................................................202
FigureB3:RegionalGeology FigureB4:SeismicZonesinGujarat.....................................................203
FigureB5:SeismicZonesinGujarat.............................................................................................................204
FigureB6:CrosssectionthroughSoil...........................................................................................................205
FigureB7:ExistingLandUsePlan.................................................................................................................206
FigureD1:DerivationofTotalPopulationfromIndustrialDemandEstimate.............................................210
FigureD2:UrbanRuralDivideinGujarat...................................................................................................211
FigureD3:CurrentandProjectedgrowthinUrbanAgglomerationsinGujarat..........................................212
FigureE1:LandunderPhase1DevelopmentOwnedbytheGovernment................................................214
FigureG1:VallabhipurSubbranchandChannelAlignmentneartheDSIR.................................................225
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ListofTables
Table31:KeyProvisionsintheDSIR...............................................................................................................13
Table32:LandUseBudget..............................................................................................................................21
Table33:BreakupoftheUrbanisableArea...................................................................................................23
Table34:SummaryofLandDemand..............................................................................................................25
Table35:SummaryofLandProvision.............................................................................................................25
Table41:KeyDemandandProvisionbyPhase..............................................................................................33
Table42:SummaryofLandProvision.............................................................................................................34
Table43:SummaryofAreaunderPhasing.....................................................................................................39
Table44:IndicativePhasingoftheMajorInfrastructureElements...............................................................41
Table51:TargetNumberofDwellings............................................................................................................45
Table52:LandforHousingProvisioninVariousLandUseZones..................................................................45
Table53:ProvisionforEWSHousing..............................................................................................................45
Table54:SummaryProvisionofCommunityFacilities...................................................................................46
Table55:CommunityFacilities.......................................................................................................................48
Table56:DemandforCommercialRetailRealEstate....................................................................................51
Table57:DemandforCommercialOfficeRealEstate....................................................................................52
Table58:DemandAssessmentforHospitalityLeisure.................................................................................53
Table59:TourismDestinationsintheDSIR....................................................................................................54
Table510:DemandAssessmentforHospitalityBusiness.............................................................................54
Table511:TotalBusinessandTouristHotelRoomsDemandSummary........................................................55
Table512:SummaryofProvisionCommercialRetail,OfficeandHospitality..............................................56
Table513:LandAllocationforIndustry,KnowledgeandIT...........................................................................59
Table514:SummaryofLocalOpenSpaceProvision......................................................................................61
Table61:PublicPrivatePatronageandModeShareforExternalInternalTrips...........................................64
Table62:PublicPrivatePatronageandModeShareforInternalTrips.........................................................64
Table63:PreliminaryPerdayTrafficEstimates.............................................................................................65
Table64:RecommendedStrengtheningoftheRegionalRoadNetwork.......................................................66
Table65:ProposedRoadCategoriesandKeyDesignFeatures......................................................................70
Table66:TripForecast....................................................................................................................................86
Table71:EstimatedTotalWaterDemandforDSIR........................................................................................91
Table72:WasteWatergenerationinSIR.......................................................................................................93
Table73:CapacityofTreatmentPlantsandLandRequirement....................................................................94
Table74:AssumedPretreatedCommonEffluentCharacteristics................................................................97
Table75:StandardsofRecycledWater..........................................................................................................97
Table76:WaterDemandforIrrigation...........................................................................................................97
Table77:AssumedCharacteristicsofUltimateEffluenttobedischarged.....................................................98
Table78:SummaryofWasteWaterRecyclingandReuse.............................................................................98
Table79:ProposedFreeboardforDrains.......................................................................................................99
Table710:SurfaceRunoffAssumptions.......................................................................................................100
Table711:PhysicalCharacteristicsofMunicipalSolidWasteinIndianCities.............................................105
Table712:QuantityofSolidWasteGenerationinIndianUrbanCentres....................................................105
Table713:GenerationRate..........................................................................................................................105
Table714:MunicipalSolidWasteGenerationintheDSIR...........................................................................106
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Table715:EstimatedPhaseWisePowerDemand.......................................................................................112
Table716:PowerGenerationPotentialfromRenewableEnergySourcesinDSIR......................................117
Table717:PossibleOffTakepointsforGasSupply.....................................................................................120
Table718:MinimumServiceCoverforUtilities...........................................................................................121
Table81:AmbientAirQualityMonitoring....................................................................................................127
Table82:SurfaceandGroundWaterQuality...............................................................................................128
Table83:ApplicableEnvironmentalActsandRules.....................................................................................130
Table84:EnvironmentalClearancesRequiredfortheDSIR.........................................................................130
Table85:ResponsibleAgencies,PoliciesandRegulations...........................................................................131
Table86:InstitutionalFrameworkforEnvironmentalMonitoring..............................................................139
Table87:RecurringCost...............................................................................................................................140
Table88:EnvironmentalManagementPlan.................................................................................................141
Table91:DemographicCharacteristicsoftheVillageSettlements..............................................................146
Table92:OccupationalPatternbyVillage....................................................................................................148
Table111:SummaryofCAPEXEstimates.....................................................................................................168
Table112:AnnualOPEXEstimate.................................................................................................................169
Table113:ComponentsoftheBroadCostEstimates..................................................................................170
Table114:BroadCostEstimates(CAPEX).....................................................................................................175
Table115:BroadCostEstimates(OPEX)......................................................................................................179
Table121:KeyJobsandLandUseProvisions...............................................................................................184
Table122:IndustrialInvestmentandBaseEmploymentbySector.............................................................184
Table131:IndicativeLandUseallocationpostKalapsarScenario...............................................................189
TableB1:MaximumandMinimumTemperatures......................................................................................198
TableB2:MonthlyAverageVariationinDryBulbTemperatureatBhavnagarandAhmedabad................198
TableB3:TotalMonthlyRainfall..................................................................................................................201
TableB4:SurfaceandGroundWaterQuality..............................................................................................201
TableB5:MonthlyAverageWindSpeed.....................................................................................................202
TableB6:PropertiesofTopSoilinDSIR.......................................................................................................205
TableB7:ExistingLandUseMix...................................................................................................................206
TableC1:DistributionofPopulationbyVillage...........................................................................................207
TableC2:SexRatiobyVillage.......................................................................................................................208
TableC3:LiteracyRatebyVillage................................................................................................................208
TableD1:DemographicIndicators...............................................................................................................209
TableD2:AverageAnnualHousingConstructionRate................................................................................213
TableF1:ResultsoftheTrafficSurvey.........................................................................................................217
TableF2:AverageDailyTraffic(ADT)atSurveylocationsTrafficCensusData(2008).............................218
TableF3:AverageDailyTrafficCount..........................................................................................................219
TableF4:AverageDailyTrafficCount(Cont.)..............................................................................................220
TableF5:ExternalLinkData.........................................................................................................................220
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TableF6:EstimatedCapacitiesofStrategicRoadConnections...................................................................222
TableF7:OccupancyforEstimationofTrips................................................................................................222
TableF8:FreightTrafficTrip........................................................................................................................222
TableG1:SalientFeaturesoftheSardarSarovarDam................................................................................224
TableG2:AllocationofNarmadaWaterfordifferentStates......................................................................224
TableG3:NarmadaWaterUtilizationShareinGujarat...............................................................................224
TableG4:DetailsofDistributariesofftakingfromVallabhipurBranchCanalandMinors.........................226
TableH1:DepthofConstructionMaterialavailableinDSIR.......................................................................233
TableH2:GroundImprovementMethodsforDifferentTypesofStructures.............................................234
TableI1:ForestAreaDetails........................................................................................................................236
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Abbreviations
DFC
DedicatedFreightCorridor
DMIC
DelhiMumbaiIndustrialCorridor
DSIRDA
DholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionDevelopmentAuthority
DSIR
DholeraSpecialInvestmentRegion
CRZ
CoastalRegulationZone
MoU
MemorandumofUnderstanding
StateandCentralGovernmentOrganisations
CPHEEO
CentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation
CPCB
CentralPollutionControlBoard
GEB
GujaratElectricityBoard
GETCO
GujaratEnergyTransmissionCompany
GERC
GujaratElectricityRegulatoryCommission
GIDB
GujaratInfrastructureDevelopmentBoard
GPCB
GujaratPollutionControlBoard
GSRDC
GujaratStateRoadDevelopmentCorporation
IRC
IndianRoadsCongress
MoEF
MinistryofEnvironmentandForests
MNES
MinistryofNonconventionalEnergySources
NEERI
NationalEnvironmentalEngineeringResearchInstitute
PCCF
PrincipalChiefConservatorofForest
UtilityInfrastructureTerms
CETP
CommonEffluentTreatmentPlant
DCS
DistributionControlSystem
ICT
InformationCommunicationTechnology
IWMF
IntegratedWasteManagementFacility
SCADA
SupervisoryControlandDataAcquisitionSystem
STP
SewageTreatmentPlant
SWM
SolidWasteManagement
TSE
TreatedSewageEffluent
FinancialandEconomicTerms
CAPEX
CapitalExpenditure
ERR
EconomicRateofReturn
ENPV
EconomicNetPresentValue
OPEX
OperatingExpenditure
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TermsrelatedtoEnvironment,SustainabilityandGreenBuildings
EIA
EnvironmentalImpactAssessment
EMP
EnvironmentalManagementPlan
BREEAM
BREEnvironmentalAssessmentMethod
GRIHA
GreenRatingforIntegratedHabitatAssessment
LCC
LowCarbonCity
LEED
LeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign
IGBC
IndianGreenBuildingCouncil
TermsRelatedtoTransportation
LRT
LightRailTransit
PHF
PeakHourFactor
PCTR
PerCapitaTripRate
TOD
TransitOrientedDevelopment
MeasurementRelatedTerms
BUA
BuiltUpArea
FSI
FloorSpaceIndex
ha
Hectare
mn
million
Rs/sq.ft.
RupeesperSquareFeet
sq.ft.
SquareFeet
sq.km.
SquareKilometre
lpcd
LitresperCapitaperDay
MLD
MillionLitresperDay
MMSCMD
MillionMetricStandardCubicMeterperDay
MW
MegaWatt
MU
MegaUnit
Measurements
1ha=2.471acres
1acre=43,560sq.ft.
1mn=10lakhs
1sq.km.=100ha
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CHAPTER1
EXECUTIVESUMMARY
1.ExecutiveSummary
1.1.TheProject
1.2.TheDraftDevelopmentplanReport1
1.3.TheProjectSite
1.4.OverallVisionandObjectives
1.5.PlanProvision
1.6.TheLandUseAllocations
1.7.IndustrialandEconomicZones
1.8.ResidentialAreas
1.9.Government,CivicandCulturalFacilities
1.10.LeisureandTourism
1.11.GreenSpaces,RecreationandAgriculture
1.12.Phasing
1.13.Transport
1.14.ProvisionofUtilities
1.15.EnvironmentandSocialStrategy
1.16.CostofInfrastructure
1.17.ImplementationFramework
1. ExecutiveSummary
1.1. TheProject
TheDholeraSpecialInvestmentRegion(DSIR)willbeamajornewindustrialhublocatedonaGreenfield
site about 100 km south of Ahmedabad and about 130 km from Gandhinagar. The project is the first
investmentregiontobedesignatedundertheproposedDelhiMumbaiIndustrialCorridorproject(DMIC),
ajointIndianandJapaneseGovernmentinitiativetocreatealinearzoneofindustrialdevelopmentnodes
alongaDedicatedFreightCorridor(DFC)railway.
1.2. TheDraftDevelopmentplanReport1
The purpose of the Draft Development Plan for the DSIR is to set out the framework for the long term
growthoftheareaoftheDSIRforaperiodof30yearsstartingfrom2010.Itisintendedtoprovideabroad
development guide to all people with an interest in the future of the DSIR including Central and State
Governments,publicandprivatebodiesandcorporationsandtheexistinglocalinhabitantsandlandowners
livingwithinandadjoiningtheboundariesofthedesignatedarea.
Report1,TheDraftDevelopmentPlan;presentsthebackground,overallvisionandelementsfortheDSIR
and is complemented by Report 2, which contains the General Development Control Guidelines (GDCR).
ThePlanprovidestheoverallspatialallocationsforthenewCityandsetsouta30year,phasingstrategy
includinglanduses,transportandmajorinfrastructuresandutilitiesandservices.
1.3. TheProjectSite
The DSIR covers a substantial area of land totalling to approximately 920 sq km and encompasses 19
villages of Dhandhuka Taluka and 3 villages of Barwala Taluka; total 22 villages of Ahmedabad District,
making it the largest of the investment nodes proposed so far in the DMIC influence region. The site is
strategically situated between the main industrial centres of Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat, Rajkot and
Bhavnagar. It is linked to the major ports of Gujarat by State Highways but as yet has no direct rail
connection. The nearest international airport is at Ahmedabad, although there is a current proposal to
developanewinternationalairporttothenortheastoftheDSIRatNavagamVillage.
The existing population within the study area is only about 37,000 (census 2001), inhabiting small
settlements.Agricultureistheprincipallanduseandactivitywithinthearea,althoughthelandisgenerally
ofpoorqualityandsaline,especiallyclosetothesea,andfarmoutputisnothigh.Landvaluesaretherefore
relativelylow.
1.4. OverallVisionandObjectives
TheDraftDevelopmentPlanaimsatthecreationofaneconomicallyandsociallybalanced,newageCity
with world class infrastructure and high quality of life. Adoption of a sustainable approach across key
componentssuchastransportation,wasterecycling,overallurbanformandresourceefficiencyformthe
cornerstonesofthisPlan.
1.5. PlanProvision
A comprehensive assessment of the industrial and commercial potential was undertaken in order to
determinetheeconomicviabilityoftheDSIR.Thestudy,whichincludeddiscussionswithkeystakeholders
and detailed economic studies, concluded that the DSIR has the potential to attract a wide range of
industrial uses, with particular strengths in the electronics and high tech industries, pharmaceuticals and
biotechnology, heavy engineering and auto and general manufacturing sectors. Industrial employment,
together with tourism and higher education will provide the economic foundations of the DSIR and
generate about 343,000 base jobs, which in turn would generate a further 483,630 jobs in support
services.Thisisexpectedtocreateabout826,630jobsintotalovera30yeartimeframe.
ItisforecastedthatthejobscreatedintheDSIRwillsupportatotalpopulationofabout2.5million.Thereis
expected to be some commuting to the DSIR from neighbouring urban centres like Ahmedabad and
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DraftDe
evelopmentPlan(D
DDP)
hamajority oftheworkfforcewould prefertolivveinthenew
wCity.Itisaanticipatedtthat
Bhavnaggar,although
housingwillberequiredforatarrgetresidenttpopulationofabout2m
million.
out4,inlinewithnationaltrendsinurbanareas,,so
TheaverragefamilyssizeintheDSSIRisexpecttedtobeabo
itisneceessarytoplanforthecon
nstructionoffabout500,0
000dwellinggs.
1.6. Th
heLandUse
eAllocation
ns
Theland
duseisallocaatedbasedu
upontwelvespatialplann
ningprinciples:
Creationofaacompactcity;
C
Integrationo
oflanduses;
A
Accessibility
ofindustrialzones;
Focusofthecityinternallyawayfrom
mthecentraalexpresswayy,whichwillonlyhavelimitedaccesss;
S
Separationo
ofindustrialaandcitytrafffic;
Provisionforrahighqualitypublictraansportsyste
em;
Developmen
ntofapolyccentricstructturethathassanumbero
ofcommerciaalandcomm
munitynodess;
Integrationo
ofexistingvillagesintoth
henewcity;
C
Conservation
nofthebettteragriculturralland;
Protectiono
oftheCRZ;
Developmen
ntofastrongglandscapesstrategy;and
d
A
Aphasedde
evelopmentp
programmetthatallowso
optimisedinvvestment.
Asummaryofthelanduseallocaationspropo
osedintheD
DSIRisgiveniinFig.No.11
1
Figure11:O
OverallLandU
UseAllocation
nPercentSh
hare
DholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelop
pmentAutho
ority,Gandhinagar
DSIRDA
2|P a g e
1.7. IndustrialandEconomicZones
Atotalofabout11,661halandareaisallocatedforindustrialandlogisticsuseinanumberoflinkedmega
parks,allofwhichhaveexcellentaccesstotheroadandrailnetworks.
Inadditiontothetraditionalindustrialsectors,substantialadditionallandisallocatedforknowledgebased
activitiessuchasuniversitiesandresearchcentres,bringingthetotallandareaallocatedfortheeconomic
sectors to over 12,891 ha. Additionally, about 12,000ha of agriculture land is allocated for future
development.
1.8. ResidentialAreas
AwiderangeofhousingtypeswillbedevelopedintheDSIRtomeettheanticipatedpopulationof2million
by2030.Atotalofabout6,785halandareaisallocatedforhousing,inadditiontothe1,772haoccupied
byexistingvillagesandtheirdesignatedbufferzones.Thisprovisionismetthroughallocationforhousingin
various land use zones besides the Residential zone such as High Access Corridors, City Centre and
Knowledge&IT.
About20percentoftheresidentiallandwillbeallocatedforthedevelopmentofhousingforlowincome
groups, another 57 percent is allocated for medium income groups and the remaining 13 percent of the
housinglandisplannedforhighincomegroups.
Allresidentialareaswillbemixedincomesandhousingwillbedevelopedwithacomprehensiverangeof
communityfacilities,includingschools,medicalfacilities,neighbourhoodretailandopenspace.
1.9. Government,CivicandCulturalFacilities
The DSIR will become a sizable city by 2030 and will therefore need to develop Government, civic and
cultural services to match the requirements and expectations of the inhabitants and visitors. Major
hospitals, colleges, Government offices and facilities such as post offices, fire stations, libraries, theatres
andmeetinghalls,parksandsportsvenuesandarangeofreligiousbuildingswillbelocatedinthecentral
businessdistrictandthekeycommercialcentreslocatedinthedifferentpartsofthecity.
1.10. LeisureandTourism
TourismisexpectedtoplayanimportantroleintheeconomyofDSIRthroughtraditionalattractionssuch
as religious sites and the Black Buck Sanctuary, as well as new ventures such as the proposed Film City,
locatedintheRecreationSportsandEntertainmentzone.Arangeofhotelswillalsoberequiredtosupport
the needs of business and industry, and these will be located within various zones such as City Centre,
Knowledge&IT,HighAccessCorridors.Lowdevelopmentimpact,Ecoresortswillbegivenspecialapproval
tobelocatedintheTourism&Resortszone.
1.11. GreenSpaces,RecreationandAgriculture
Spacesforrecreation,openandgreenareaswillmakeupmorethan21percentofthetotalDSIRandwill
ensurethatthenewcityisanattractiveandpleasantplacetoliveandworkwithahighqualityoflife.A
significant area of land will be allocated for agriculture in order to supply the new city with fresh farm
produce.Itwillalsoactasastrategiclandallotmentsshouldtherebeanadditionaldemandforindustrial
land.
1.12. Phasing
For development in the DSIR to be efficient and cost effective, the distribution of land uses and
infrastructuremustbeplannedandprovidedinaphasedandcoordinatedmanner.Theplanninghorizonof
30yearshasbeendividedinto3equalparts.Thephasingstrategyhasbeendesignedsoastooptimisethe
use of available Government land in the initial phases and to build upon existing facilities and
infrastructure.Developmentisthenconcentratedinoneortwolocationsonlysoastoensurethatutility
servicescanbeprovidedeconomically.
DSIRDA
3|P a g e
ThePhase1developmentwillcompriseabout34percent,Phase2about36percentandPhase3about30
percentofthelandunderurbanisablezones.DevelopmentoftheDSIRisrecommendedtostartfromAmbli
Villageinthenorthside,closetotheexistingStateHighway(SH6)andthenproceedgenerallysouthward
eithersideoftheexpresswaytoBavariyariVillage.
1.13. Transport
The DSIR will be integrated into the regional transportation network by greatly improved road
infrastructureandtheprovisionofanewrailconnectionwithfreightandpassengerservices.Thiswilllink
DholerawithAhmedabad,BhavnagarandthekeyportsofPipavav,MundraandKandla.
TheproposedlocationofthenewInternationalAirportjusttothenorthofDholeraatNavagamvillagewill
provideamajorattractionforbusinessesintheDSIR.
The Central Expressway corridor (SH6) will give direct access to the city through five grade separated
interchanges.Buttoavoidcongestionandthegrowthoftheinformalsectoronthisroad,serviceroadsare
not provided along the expressway. Properties abutting the SH6 will only access their plots through the
internalroadnetwork.
Ahierarchyofroadswilldistributetrafficinthecityandtherewillbeahighdegreeofseparationbetween
industrialandothertraffic.Theneedsofpedestriansandcyclistswillreceiveequalweighttothatofmotor
trafficandtherewillbeprovisionforahighqualitypublictransportsystem,includingstreetrunningtrams.
1.14. ProvisionofUtilities
Worldclass facilities like power, water, telecommunications, gas and waste management facilities are
proposedfortheDSIR.
Anestimated947MLDfreshwaterwillberequiredtomeetdemandby2030.Initiallythiswillbeprovided
bytheNarmadaCanalthroughtheVallabhipurand DholkaBranchorthePariyejandKanewalReservoirs
but other potential sources of water, such as the Kalpasar Dam and desalination may be required in the
future.
A waste water management strategy will be formulated to manage, recycle and reuse industrial and
domesticwastewaterandsewagetreatmentplantsbaseduponaerationtechnologywillbedeveloped.
TherewillbeasubstantialpowerdemandfromtheDSIRtotalling1,700MW,ofwhichanestimated1,000
MWwillservetheindustrialsector.Intheinitialphaseofdevelopment,demandwillbemetbytappinginto
thenearbyelectricalsupplynetwork.InadditiontorelyingonStategeneratedenergy,theindustrialparks
offerasuitablelocationfortheconstructionofagasfiredpowerplant.About1346haoflandhasbeen
allocatedforthedevelopmentofasolarenergypark.
Gas and telecommunication networks have also been planned, as well as a strategy for solid waste
management,includingwasterecycling.
1.15. EnvironmentandSocialStrategy
The environment strategy is based upon minimising potential impacts on important environmental areas
and restricting development in the CRZ in order to protect future residents from flood hazards and to
protect the local flora and fauna. Existing natural and manmade water bodies will be preserved and
enhanced.Newlakesandcanalswillbecreatedthroughthewideninganddesiltingofexistingriversand
watercoursesandrecreationalareasandgreenspacesareestablishedalongtheirbanks.
ThedevelopmentoftheDSIRwillnotinvolvethedisplacementorresettlementofanylocalinhabitants.A
comprehensivestrategyforintegrationofvillagesrecommendsthecreationofbufferzonesaroundexisting
villagesettlements.Thestrategyissupportedwithamodelvillageplanillustratingtheidealmixofactivities
and uses within a sample village buffer zone. It is recommended that the Dholera Welfare Society be
created to function as a village assistance cell in order to ensure that the benefits of the development
trickledownatthevillagelevel.
DSIRDA
4|P a g e
Villages will be provided with improved infrastructure and services, and their inhabitants provided with
trainingprogrammesandsupporttoenablethemtoparticipatefullyintheemploymentopportunitiesthat
newdevelopmentwillbringabout.
1.16. CostofInfrastructure
The capital cost for infrastructure provisions to bring about the development of the DSIR is broadly
estimatedtobeover38,476croresINRoverthe30yearplanperiod.Thecostofoperatinginfrastructure
elementsisestimatedtobeover304.60croresINRinPhase528.66croresINRinPhase2and251.04crores
INRinPhase3.
1.17. ImplementationFramework
UndertheprovisionsoftheGujaratSpecialInvestmentRegionAct,2009;theDSIRwillbegovernedbythe
DholeraSpecialInvestmentDevelopmentAuthority(DSIRDA),withtheGujaratInfrastructureDevelopment
Board(GIDB)asitsapexauthority.
The Plan recommends adoption of a phased land management strategy in order to achieve speedy
implementation at relatively low cost. This will involve, in the first instance, limited compulsory land
acquisition for critical infrastructure elements in order to kick start the development. Thereafter the
applicationofTownPlanningSchemecanbeapplied,oncethemarketfortheresaleoflandisestablished
andfarmersareabletoreselltheirlandataprofit.
TheframeworksetsthetimelineforreviewoftheDraftDevelopmentplanonaregularbasis.Areviewof
provisionsisrecommendedeveryfiveyearsandamorethoroughreviewandrevisedatleastonceinevery
tenyears.
DSIRDA
5|P a g e
CHAPTER2
INTRODUCTION
2.1.
ProjectBrief
2.2.
ConstitutionofAuthorityandCommitteeMembersoftheDholeraSpecial
InvestmentRegionalDevelopmentAuthority(DSIRDA)undertheGujaratSpecial
InvestmentRegionAct2009
2.3.
PowersandFunctionsofDholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelopmentAuthority
U/S15
2.4.
AreaunderJurisdictionofDholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelopmentAuthority
2.5.
PurposeoftheDraftDevelopmentplan
10
2.6.
TheApproachAdoptedinthePreparationoftheDraftDevelopmentPlan
10
2. Introduction
2.1. ProjectBrief
The Dholera Special Investment Region (DSIR) is proposed as a major new industrial hub to be located
about 100 kilometres (km) south of Ahmedabad and 130 km from Gandhinagar within the Saurashtra
peninsula.Thesitecoversanareaofabout920sqkmoflandborderingtheGulfofKhambhat.
The DSIR is the first investment region to be designated under the proposed Delhi Mumbai Industrial
Corridorproject(DMIC),ajointIndianandJapaneseinitiativetocreatealinearzoneofdevelopmentalong
aDedicatedFreightCorridor(DFC)railwayline.(SeeFigure2.1)
Figure21:DMICCorridorandtheNationalFigure22:TheVisionfortheDSIRDA
The Plan provides for the development of an integrated and largely self contained new city with the
potentialtogrowuptoandbeyondatargetpopulationof2million(20lakh).Figure2.2givesthevision
adoptedforthisDraftDevelopmentPlandocument.
2.2. Constitution of Authority and Committee Members of the Dholera Special Investment
Regional Development Authority (DSIRDA) under the Gujarat Special Investment Region
Act2009
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 3 read with section 4 of the Gujarat Special Investment
RegionAct,2009(Guj.2of2009),theIndustriesandMinesDept.ofGujaratandtheGovernmentofGujarat
declaredDholeraSpecialInvestmentRegion(DSIR)videNotificationNo.GHU14/SIR/112009/253/(I)/(I)on
22ndMay,2009publishedinGovernmentGazzetepartIVBonpagenumber40and41on4thJune,2009.
DholeraSpecialInvestmentRegioncomprisedof19villagesofDhandhukaTalukaand3villagesofBarwala
Taluka;total22villagesofAhmedabadDistrictmeasuringabout879.3377sqkm.
In exercise of the powers conferred by subsection (1) of sections 8, 9, 10 and 15 of the Gujarat Special
Investment Region Act, 2009 (Guj. 2 of 2009), the Industries and Mines Dept. of Gujarat and the
GovernmentofGujaratconstitutedDholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelopmentAuthority(DSIRDA)
vide Notification No. HU/10/07/SIR/112010/81450/I on 16th February, 2010, published in Government
GazetteExtraordinarypartIVBonpagenumber91on16thFebruary,2010.
DSIRDA
6|P a g e
DSIRDAshallconsistofthefollowingmembers,namely:
(1)
PrincipalSecretary
Industries&MinesDepartment,
Chairperson
(2)
ChiefExecutiveOfficer,
GujaratInfrastructureDevelopmentBoard,
Member
(3)
IndustriesCommissioner,
Member
(4)
Collector,Ahmedabad,
Member
(5)
DistrictDevelopmentOfficer,Ahmedabad
Member
(6)
Director,SchoolofPlanning,
CentreofEnvironmentalPlanningandTechnology(CEPT),
Ahmedabad,
Member
(7)
ShriU.S.Mehta(RetiredTownPlanner),
Member
(8)
President,GujaratChamberofCommerceandIndustries
Member
(9)
ChiefExecutiveOfficer,DholeraSpecial
InvestmentRegionalDevelopmentAuthority
MemberSecretary
DSIRDAshallexerciseallthepowersandperformallthefunctionsasspecifiedinsection15oftheGujarat
SpecialInvestmentRegionAct,2009
DSIRDAwillhaveitsHeadQuarterinGandhinagar.
2.3. PowersandFunctionsofDholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelopmentAuthorityU/S
15
The powers and functions of the Dholera Special Investment Regional Development Authority will be
accordingtosection15ofTheGujaratSpecialInvestmentRegionAct,2009.Itisthuslistedasbelow:
1) The Regional Development Authority shall secure planned development of the Special Investment
Region and shall take steps for its effective regulation and efficient management so as to bring and
enhancegeneralwelfare,convenience,productivityandexcellence.
2) Withoutprejudicetothegeneralityofforegoingprovisions,theRegionalDevelopmentAuthorityshall
undertakethemanagementoftheSpecialInvestmentRegion(SIR)
3) TheRegionalDevelopmentAuthorityshall,inparticular,exercisethefollowingpowersandperformthe
followingfunctionsnamely:
i.
To classify and earmark the area of the Special Investment Region for various purposes and
usagesincludingeconomicactivities,amenitiesandcommunityservicesasitdeemsfit;
ii.
TopreparetheDraftDevelopmentplanforwholeorpartoftheareaoftheSpecialInvestment
Region;
iii.
To undertake preparation and executing of town planning scheme for whole or part of the
SpecialInvestmentRegion;
iv.
ToregulatethedevelopmentoftheperipheryareaoftheSpecialInvestmentRegion,
v.
To acquire, hold and manage moveable or immoveable property as it may deem necessary
subjecttogeneralorspecificdirectionsoftheStateGovernmentinthisregard;
DSIRDA
7|P a g e
vi.
ToacquirelandintheSpecialInvestmentRegion,bysale,lease,grant,allocation,donation,Town
Planning Scheme, consent agreement or through proceedings under the Land Acquisition Act,
1894forthepurposesofthisAct,
vii.
Tosale,lease,transferordisposeofanylandorbuildingbelongingtoitsubjecttotheregulations
madebytheApexAuthority;
viii.
To carry out surveys in the Dholera Special Investment Region for the preparation of Draft
DevelopmentPlansandTownPlanningSchemes;
ix.
To prepare, issue and implement the directions, the standards and the norms for building
structures,infrastructuredevelopmentandotherconstructionactivitiesintheSpecialInvestment
Region;
x.
Toenterintocontracts,agreementsorconcessionagreementwithanyperson,entity,developer
ororganizationasitmaydeemnecessaryforperformingitsfunctions;
xi.
To execute, coordinate and supervise works in connection with infrastructure or provision of

otherservicesandamenitiesintheSpecialInvestmentRegion;
xii.
ToprovidefordisastermanagementandmitigationintheSpecialInvestmentRegion;
xiii.
Tolevyandcollectsuchfees,developmentcharges,oruserchargesasmaybeascertainedand
fixedbytheApexAuthorityunderclause(vii)ofsubsection(2)ofsection6;
xiv.
To remove encroachments and constructions not duly authorized or made in violation of the
regulations,directionsandnormslaiddownbytheRegionalDevelopmentAuthority;
xv.
Tomakearrangementsforobservanceandpromotionofsafety,order,healthandenvironmental
safeguardswithintheSpecialInvestmentRegion;
xvi.
To guide, assist and coordinate with other authorities functioning in the Special Investment
Region in matters pertaining to planning and use of land and development of the Special
InvestmentRegion;
xvii. To control the development activities in accordance with the Draft Development plan and to
bringaesthetics,efficiencyandeconomyintheprocessofdevelopment;
xviii. Toensureandmakeprovisionsforsufficientcivicamenitiesandservicesincludinghospitalsand
medicalservices,schools,fireservices,publicparks,marketsandshoppingplaces,playgrounds,
entertainmentareasanddisposalofwasteandprovisionsofdrainage;
xix.
Themakesustainablearrangementsforprovidingandmaintainingthehigheststandardsincivic
amenitiesandservicesparticularlyforcleanliness,aesthetics,healthandhygiene;
xx.
Tomakeenquiry,inspection,examinationormeasurementofanylandandbuildinginanypartof
theSpecialInvestmentRegion;
xxi.
Toexercisesuchotherpowersanddischargesuchotherfunctionsasmaybeprescribedbythe
rulesorregulations.
xxii. (a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the relevant State Acts, rules or any existing
instructions of the State Government, the Regional Development Authority my frame its own
GeneralDevelopmentControlRegulations(GDCR)andthesameshallprevailfordevelopmentsin
theSpecialInvestmentRegion.
DSIRDA
8|P a g e
b) Everyperson,unitordeveloperoranyotherstakeholderinSpecialInvestmentRegionshall
be required to get the plans of the building approved by the Regional Development Authority
beforecommencinganyconstructionandshallobtaintheapprovaloftheRegionalDevelopment
Authority necessary and incidental thereto, after the completion and before the use of such
premises.
c) For the purpose of this section and with any other requirement for proper planning,
management and development of the Special Investment Region, the Regional Development
Authoritymayissuesuchdirectionorinstructionasitmayconsidernecessarytoanyperson,unit,
entity,developeroranyotherstakeholderintheSpecialInvestmentRegionandtheperson,unit,
entity,developeror,asthecasemaybe,thestakeholdershallbeboundbysuchdirections
2.4. AreaunderJurisdictionofDholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelopmentAuthority
In exercise of the powers conferred by section 3 read with section 4 of the Gujarat Special Investment
RegionAct,2009(Guj.2of2009),theIndustriesandMinesDept.ofGujaratandtheGovernmentofGujarat
declaredDholeraSpecialInvestmentRegion(DSIR)videNotificationNo.GHU14/SIR/112009/253/(I)/(I)on
22ndMay,2009publishedinGovernmentGazettepartIVBonpagenumber40and41on4thJune,2009.
DholeraSpecialInvestmentRegioncomprisedof19villagesofDhandhukaTalukaand3villagesofBarwala
Taluka;total22villagesofAhmedabadDistrictmeasuringabout879.3377sqkm.
DSIRDA in exercise of the powers conferred by section 3 read with section 4 of the Gujarat Special
InvestmentRegionAct,2009(Guj.2of2009),theGovernmentofGujarathereby:
i.
Declares the areas specified in column 4 of the Schedule appended hereto to be the Special
InvesmentRegionwhichshallbeknownasDholeraSpecialInvestmentRegion;and
ii. Determines the areas within the boundaries of revenue villages specified in column 4 ofthe said
Schedule to be the geographical area of the said Special Investment Region, measuring 879.3377
sq.kmsintotal.
SR.
NO.
NAMEOF
DISTRICT
NAMEOF
TALUKA
NAMEOFREVENUEVILLAGES
Sr.
No.
Ahmedabad
1.Dhandhuka
NameofVillage
Totalsurveynos.
TotalAreaoflandin
sq.km.
Bavaliyari
1204
111.2724
Bhadiyad
1908
49.7331
Bhangadh
620
83.0777
Bhimtalav
223
7.4042
Dholera
969
45.8145
Gorasu
1219
31.1763
Kadipur
648
27.3509
Khun
227
38.2968
Mahadevpura
179
22.5431
10
Mingalpur
261
33.0813
11
Mundi
316
17.8054
12
Otariya
801
18.0975
13
Panchi
360
13.9638
14
Rahatalav
336
63.4464
DSIRDA
9|P a g e
SR.
NO.
NAMEOF
DISTRICT
NAMEOF
TALUKA
2.Barwala
Total
NAMEOFREVENUEVILLAGES
15
Sandhida
517
18.6401
16
Zankhi
389
22.0941
17
Ambli
1084
55.2044
18
Cher
464
16.2436
19
Gogla
385
55.4426
Hebatpur
1086
72.6594
Sangasar
790
35.4928
Sodhi
588
40.4975
14574
879.3377
2.5. PurposeoftheDraftDevelopmentplan
ThepurposeoftheDraftDevelopmentplanistosetouttheframeworkforthelongtermgrowthofthe
DSIR over a period of 30 years. It intends to provide a broad development guide to all people with an
interestinthefutureoftheDSIRincludingCentralandStateGovernments,districtsandtalukas,public
and private bodies and corporations and the existing local inhabitants and landowners living within and
adjoiningtheboundariesofthedesignatedarea.
TheDraftDevelopmentplancomprisesaspatialplan,showinglanduseandinfrastructureproposalsforthe
whole of the DSIR, together with regulations, guidance and recommendations for the implementation of
thePlanandthepropercontrolofdevelopment.
ThePlanisessentiallyastrategicdocument,settingoutabroadstructureplanfortheDSIR.Moredetailed
physicalplanswillneedtobepreparedforeachpartoftheDSIRintheformofTownPlanningSchemes,
conservationplans,andindividualzoneandvillageplans.
Subject plans for individual elements and components of the DSIR will also need to be prepared, for
example, for public transport provision, housing provision, and open space and recreation sports and
entertainment.
AlthoughtheDraftDevelopmentplansetsoutthebroadlanduseallocationsfor30years,itwillneedtobe
monitored,updated,andamendedonaregularbasisascircumstanceschange,ifitistoremainvalid.The
review process will need to be continuous and it would be expected that the first revision for the Draft
Developmentplanwouldbedonein5yearsafterthepublicationofthefirstPlanaspertheprovisionsof
theAct1976.
2.6. TheApproachAdoptedinthePreparationoftheDraftDevelopmentPlan
ThePlanhasbeenpreparedafterextensiveresearchintothelikelymarketdemandforindustrialandother
employment generating land uses and a thorough appraisal of physical and socioeconomic constraints.
Researchhasbeenconductedthroughsurveys,interviews,sitevisitsandliteraturereviews.
ResearchintotheeconomicbaseoftheDSIRhasbeenconductedatinternational,NationalandStatelevel,
withparticularfocusontheplannedroleoftheDMICinfosteringofIndoJapaneseeconomiccooperation,
includingforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)andimprovingIndiastransportinfrastructure.Atamoreregional
scalethePlanrecognisestheobjectivesandaspirationsforDSIRDAasstatedbytheGovernmentofGujarat
and also takes into consideration the outline plans and objectives of a number of developers who have
signedMemorandumofUnderstanding(MoUs)withtheStateGovernment.
DSIRDA
10|P a g e
ThePlantakesfullaccountofexistingphysicalandsocioeconomicconditionsandfacilitiesfoundwithin
theregionandtheimmediatehinterlandoftheDSIR,notablytransportandutilityinfrastructure,andalso
takes into account committed and programmed improvements in infrastructure and major development
projects,includingtheproposalforthedevelopmentofanewinternationalairportnorthoftheDSIR.
Figure23:TheStrategicPlanningDeterminants
TheconstructionoftheKalpasardamprojectwouldreleaseasubstantialareaoflandwithintheboundary
of the DSIR for potential development. However the project has yet to receive funding or the necessary
environmental clearances and there is no firm start or completion date. In view of this uncertainty, the
Draft Development plan has been prepared on the basis of the current situation whereby the Coastal
RegulationZone(CRZ)precludesdevelopmenttotheeastoftheDSIR.ShouldtheKalpasardameventually
becomeafullyfundedandapprovedproject,andthentheDraftDevelopmentplanwillneedtoberevised.
AnillustrativeplanshowingapossibilityofhowtheDraftDevelopmentplanmightberevisedinthepost
KalpasardamscenarioisgiveninChapter13.
TheDevelopmentPlanreporthasbeenbasedonthefollowingbackgroundstudiesandresearchdatabase
preparedbyHalcrow
Report1:ConceptMasterPlan;
Report2:IndustrialMarketPotentialandCriticalGapAssessment;
Report3:TechnoeconomicFeasibilityStudyoftheIndustrialMegaPark;
Report4:MasterPlanfortheGreenfieldIntegratedTownship;
Report5:PreFeasibilityStudies;
Report6:DraftDevelopmentplan
DSIRDA
11|P a g e
PARTA:PREPARATIONOFDEVELOPMENTPLAN
FORTHEREGION
PARTB:PREPARATIONOFTECHNO ECONOMIC
FEASIBILITYREPORTFORMEGA INDUSTRIAL
PARK
REPORT1
OVERALLCONCEPTPLAN
REPORT2
REPORT4
REPORT5
MASTERPLANFORTHE
GREENFIELDINTEGRATED
TOWNSHIP
INDUSTRIALMARKETPOTENTIAL
ANDCRITICALGAPASSESSMENT
VOLUME1
AssessmentofStrengths,
Weaknessesand
AttractivenessoftheDSIR
VOLUME2
EconomicActivityMix,
LandAllocation,
Employmentand
InvestmentPotential
andCluster
Developmentinthe
DSIR
PRE FEASIBILTIYSTUDIES
Volume1:DRAFT
DEVELOPMENTPLAN
REPORT6
Volume2:GENERAL
DEVELOPMENTCONTROL
REGULATIONS
REPORT3
TECHNOECONOMICFEASIBILITY
REPORTFORMEGAINDUSTRIAL
PARKREPORT
Figure24:ReportsreferredtopreparedbyHalcrow
DSIRDA
12|P a g e
CHAPTER3
THEDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGY
3.1.
PlanProvision
13
3.2.
PlanObjectives
13
3.3.
SpatialThemesandPlanningPrinciples
14
3.4.
OverallSpatialStrategy
18
3.5.
KeySpatialPlanElements
25
3.6.
IntegrationofExistingVillageSettlements
28
3.7.
Sustainability
30
3. TheDevelopmentStrategy
3.1. PlanProvision
ThesiteforthedevelopmentoftheDSIRisaruralareaofapproximately920sqkm,comprising22villages,
which in 2001 had a combined population of about 37,000 people. The development of industries and
other economic activities in the region will create about 0.8 million new jobs and support a very large
population.ItisanticipatedthatahighproportionofthoseemployedintheDSIRwillliveinthenewcity
and the Draft Development plan has been designed to house a target population of 2 million. Trends in
householdformationinGujaratoverthenext30yearssuggestthattheaveragehouseholdsizeintheDSIR
willbe4persons,sothatanestimatedtotalof500,000newdwellingswillberequiredtohousethisfuture
population.
ThekeyemploymentanddemographicprovisionsofthePlanaresummarizedinTable3.1.
Table31:KeyProvisionsintheDSIR
PARAMETER
PROVISION
BaseJobs
343,000
SupportJobs
483,630
TotalJobs
826,700
TotalPopulationsupportedbyDSIR
2,500,000
PopulationresidingintheDSIR
2,000,000
Numberofhousingunits
500,000
3.2. PlanObjectives
TheoverallobjectivesfortheDraftDevelopmentplanarethe:
Developmentofaneconomicallyandsociallybalancednewcity;
Creation of a number of large scale, world class industrial parks capable of attracting a range of
expandingindustrialsectors;
Allocationofanumberofprimesitesforthedevelopmentofothereconomicsectors,inparticular
inknowledge,educationandresearch,tourismandrecreationsports&entertainment;
Creation of an urban environment that will provide housing for all income groups, including
community,commercialandotherfacilitiesthatwillencouragethegrowthofasociallyintegrated,
attractive,sustainableandaffordablecityinwhichtoliveandwork;
Construction of good quality infrastructure in order to ensure that transport, energy, water and
otherutilityservicesmeettheneedsoftheindustries,businessesandinhabitants;
Protection of the environmentally sensitive areas within and adjoining the DSIR by the means of
exclusion and buffer zones and the creation of new areas of parkland and areas of nature
conservation;
Adoption of a sustainable approach to development that forms the ground work to aid the
evolution of a Low Carbon City (LCC), including planning for public transit and transit oriented
development(TOD),encouragingtheuseofrenewableenergy,minimisingtheuseofconventional
energy buildings, optimizing the conservation and recycling of water, and the recovery and
recyclingofsolidwastematerials.
DSIRDA
13|P a g e
3.3. SpatialThemesandPlanningPrinciples
The Draft Development plan is based upon the application of twelve spatial planning principles that will
ensure a consistent and coherent urban structure and a plan that is robust, flexible and economical to
develop.
Thespatialplanningprinciplesare:
Creationofacompactcity;
Integrationoflanduses;
Accessibilityofindustrialzones;
Focusofthecityinternallyawayfromthecentralexpressway,whichwillonlyhavelimitedaccess;
Separationofindustrialandcitytraffic;
Provisionforahighqualitypublictransportsystem;
Developmentofapolycentricstructurethathasanumberofcommercialandcommunitynodes;
Integrationofexistingvillagesintothenewcity;
Conservationofthebetteragriculturalland;
ProtectionoftheCRZ;
Developmentofastronglandscapestrategy;and
Aphaseddevelopmentprogrammethatallowsincrementalgrowth.
3.3.1.
A Compact city that makes

efficientuseofland
In order to minimise the use of scarce

resources, the city is kept compact, so that
travel distances are minimized and the
lengths of utility networks are kept as short
as possible, thus reducing capital and
running costs. Overall housing densities are
designed to be high enough to support
frequent, good quality public transport and
movementandcirculationbycycleandfoot.
3.3.2.
Integrationbetweendifferentland
uses
The Plan proposes that all industrial and

employment areas are located relatively
closeto,andaccessiblefrom,housingareas,
to minimise the home to work daily
commute. The Plan generally provides that
the average maximum distance of an
industrial area is not more than 3 km from
thenearestresidentialarea.
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3.3.3.
Accessibleindustrialzones
Themainindustrialandlogisticszonesarealllocatedcentrallyoneithersideoftheexpresswayandrailway
linetoprovidegoodroadandrailaccess.Thisallowstransporttoandfromtheindustrialsitestobypassthe
main housing and commercial areas, speeding up the delivery of goods in step with the just in time
philosophyoflogisticsandminimisinganyadverseimpactsonresidentialareas.
3.3.4.
Centraltransportcorridorwithalimitedaccessexpressway
Thecentraltransportcorridorwillcontainahighcapacity,limitedaccessexpressway,withgradeseparated
interchangesatkeylocationsandaparallelrightofwayforatwintrackbroadgauge(BG)railline.Access
from the expressway to the city will be through grade separated junctions that allow full turning
movementsorthroughsliproadsthatallowleftinleftouttrafficmovement.
ThenorthernendoftheexpresswaywillfeatureagrandentryintoDSIR.
3.3.5.
Provision of a road system that

minimises
conflict
between
industrial,residentialandcitytraffic
Trafficfromtheexpresswaywillbedirectedto
usespecificentryandexitpointssothattrucks
onlyenterindustrialzonesandcitytrafficuses
other access and egress points. This system is
continued within the city, with a network of
roadsservingprimarilytrucktrafficandanother
serving other traffic, including the main public
transportroutes.
3.3.6.
Provisionofdedicatedpublictransportrightsofwaywithinkeyroutes
Thecrosssectionofkeyroadsinthecityincludesareservationforbusonlylanes,whichwillbeupgradedin
stagestoahighercapacitysystemsuchasatramortrolleybussystem.
3.3.7.
APolycentricspatialmodel
The Draft Development plan provides for a polycentric spatial

model,with6citycentresdispersedaroundthecity.Thelargest,
main central business district is located close to the existing
Dholera town. The 5 district centres will act as local nodes that
servethesurroundingresidentialandindustrialuses.Eachofthe
district centres will achieve a degree of self sufficiency and
viabilityontheirownandalsoofferchoiceandflexibilitytothe
industrialandrealestatemarkets.
Movementpatternsinapolycentriccity
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3.3.8.
Integrationofexistingcommunitiesandvillagesintothecitystructure
DSIR includes 22 village

settlements within its boundary
and a buffer zone is drawn
aroundeach settlementinorder
to allow each village to expand
naturally at its own pace. Those
villagesinthemiddleofthenew
city will inevitably lose their
farmland and grazing lands to
urban development over a
period of time. Alternative
sources of livelihood will need to be generated for the populations of these villages and appropriate job
andskilltrainingprogrammesfortheexistinglocalcommunitieswillhavetobeestablished.Somevillages
in the DSIR will not lose their farmland and can continue as primarily agricultural communities. The
inhabitantsofthesevillageswillhoweveralsobenefitfromtrainingprogrammestobemadeavailablein
theDSIRsothattheycanalsoaccessalternativeemploymentintheDSIR.Itisproposedthatthesevillages
willalsoreceiveincreasedsupportintheformofadditionalphysicalandsocialinfrastructureandtheywill
alsobenefitfromtheirproximitytoagrowingmarkettoselllocallygrownfreshgardenproduce.
3.3.9.
Conservation
of
agriculturalland
the
better
TheareaswithbetterfarmlandontheWestern
andSouthernedgeofthecityareallocatedfor
continued agricultural use, both as a source of
livelihoodformanyofthelocalvillagesandalso
as a potential source of fresh garden produce
forthenewcity.Onlyifthesupplyofindustrial
land is genuinely exhausted should
consideration be given to the release of these
farmlandsforalternativeuse.
3.3.10. ConservationofthenaturalfloodplainsandtheCoastalRegulationZone(CRZ)
TheCoastalRegulationZone(CRZ)isdesignedtoprotectcoastalareasfromtheriskoffloodingandnatural
hazards.TheCRZthatfallswithinDSIRwillnotbedevelopedbutrecreationwillbepermittedandthearea
enhanced through forest planting and landscaping. The continuing use of the area for agriculture or
aquaculturewillbeencouraged.
3.3.11. ConservationofForestLand
DSIRhasabout9500hectareofforest(asperdataavailablefromForestDepartment)insideitsboundary.
One of the fundamentals of planning of the city is to preserve the existing natural elements and
settlements,pertainingtothisthecitywillbesensitivetotheexistingforestland.Theforestareaunder
the urbanizable city limits shall be conserved under the Development Plan and any development will be
regulatedthroughForestDepartmentandDSIRDA(asperdataavailablefromForestDepartment).Please
referAppendixIonpage235
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Figure31:ForestLandwithinDSIR(onlyindicative)
3.3.12. Astronglandscapestrategy
The new city will be an attractive and well landscaped city. A strong urban design theme will be the
developmentoftheexistingrivercoursesintoaseriesofattractivelakesandcanalsinordertocreatethe
potential for waterfront development along with parks and recreation facilities. This will be particularly
attractive for hotel and hospitality uses, knowledge based & high end IT related developments and
residentialuses.Thelakeswouldalsoserveadualpurposeasasourceoffreshwaterforthecityandbe
partofthecitysfloodmanagementsystem.Theextensivenetworkoflakesandcanalswillbelinkedbya
numberofattractiveurbanparksandtreelinedroadsandsmallparks,sothattheoverallambienceofthe
newcityisoneofspaceandgreenery.
3.3.13. APhasingPlanthatallowsoptimisedinvestmentandincrementalgrowth
Developmentinthecitywillbeprogrammedinaseriesofphasesandeachphasewillcontainamixofuses
necessarytoensurethatatanypointintimethenewurbanareacitycanfunctioneffectivelyasastand
alonedevelopment,beingselfcontainedintermsofinfrastructureintheshorttermbutplannedsothatit
canbeeasilyandcosteffectivelyexpandedasdemandforlandincreases.
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3.4. OverallSpatialStrategy
3.4.1.
TheUrbanStructure
Transportation network is a key component of an

urban structure. In case of the DSIR, it derives
heavily from principles of mobility friendly
circulation patterns, with priority to public
transportation, pedestrians and cyclists. A basic
grid that forms super blocks of size 4km x 4km is
adoptedasbroadlevelstreetpatternfortheDSIR.
Street grids are generally preferred as transport
patterns the world over as they enhance
connectivity and route flexibility, are efficient for
publictransitandcreateeasynavigableandlegible
urbanenvirons.
ConnectivityandWalkability
Figure32:BroadUrbanStructure StreetGrid
Theprimarygridformedbythemainstreets(arterialsandcollectors)enableaccessathigherlevelswithin
the city. This primary grid allows for local streets interspersed at a distance between 250m to 750m,
providingforahierarchyofintersectionsandinterconnectednetworkthatfacilitatestrafficmovementand
routechoice.Adegreeofflexibilityisallowedfordistancesbetweenlocalstreetswithintheprimarygrid,in
ordertoimpartvariationinthecharacterofdifferentareas,whilemaintaininguniformity atthe broader
level.
Theidealdistancebetween2majorstreetsisconsideredtobetwicethecomfortablewalkingdistanceof
about400to500m.Thegridadopted,allowseveryonetobewithinwalkingdistanceofoneeastwestand
onenorthsouthconnection.Thisnetworkprovidesforcloselyspacedintersectionsthatenableaccessand
visibility,thusencouragingpedestriantripsandfacilitatingawalkableurbanenvironment.
EfficiencyforPublicTransitSystems
Gridpatternofmainstreetsalsoextendsastructuraladvantageofallowingthecitytoevolveintoatransit
metropolis.Straight,continuousarterialsmeanmasstransitsystemssuchasthelightrailarenotsubjected
tofrequentturns.
DevelopmentFlexibility
Thewiderprimarygridalsoallowsforgreaterdevelopmentflexibilityforneedbasedlargeorsmallblocks.
Each larger block can breakdown into the standard 750m/500m /250m urban blocks with a distinct road
hierarchy.
3.4.2.
ACaseforDensities
Densitydescribesthenumberofdwellings(households)orpeoplethatoccupyanareaofland.Oneofthe
governing principles for the DSIR that arises out of its goal to achieve sustainability is the adoption of a
compactplan.
A primary indicator of compactness is an average housing density that is high enough to support public
transportation.Higherresidentialdensitiesprovideadensecatchmentofuserstherebyencouragingamix
ofcompatiblelanduses,inparticularretailandcommunityactivities.Furthermore,variationinlanduses
withinaneighbourhoodentailsshortercommutingdistancesthatenableuseofnonmotorisedtransport,
whichisacriticalaspectofsustainableurbandevelopmentinthecurrentage.
InDSIR,thegrosscityleveldensity(includingallroadsandopenspacesandexcludingtheCRZzone)would
beabout37personsperhectare(pph),whereasthegrossaverageurbandensity(includingallroadsand
openspacesonlyintheurbanisablearea)wouldbeabout65pph.
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Intermsofnetaveragehousingdensity,(includinglandforpurelyresidentialpurposes,excludingallroads,
local open spaces and common amenities) would be about 393 pph or 98 dwellings per hectare (dph).
Further discussion on net housing densities across various housing categories is presented in Chapter 5,
LandUseProposals.
3.4.3.
PlanProvision
Theplanisdesignedtomeettheforecastlanddemandforbaseindustrialemployment,andsupportjobs,
togetherwithresidential,community,commercialandotherlandusesnecessarytosustainamoderncity.
Adequatelandisprovidedtohouseapopulationofover2millioninhabitantsovera30yearperiod.
3.4.4.
LandUseAllocations
DSIR covers an area of about 920 (sq km). A large portion of this area is being covered by Coastal Zone
Regulation(CRZ)restrictions.LandareaoutsidetheCRZ(readareathatcanbedeveloped)isabout581sq
km, of which urban land uses cover about 339 sq km. The remainder of the land outside the CRZ is
allocatedforagricultural,forestry,naturereserves,recreationandthesolarenergyparks.
ThelanduseplanisillustratedonFigure3.3andthelandusebudgetisgiveninTable3.2(seepage21).
Themainfeaturesoftheselanduseallocationsare:
Theareasoflandsetasideforindustrialpurposesareinaccordwithdemandstudies.Anareaof
landisdemarcatedasareserve,shouldadditionalindustriallandberequired;
Land has also been designated for nonindustrial employment uses such as education, IT and
knowledgebasedactivities;
Thebalancebetweentheallocationofindustriallandandtheareasallocatedforresidentialusesis
such that approximately 80% of the forecast demand for housing arising from employment
opportunitiesinDSIRcanbeaccommodatedwithinthecity.Thiswillallowthenewcitytobecome
aselfcontainedsettlementprovidingbothjobsandhomesinanintegratedmanner;
Generousallocationshavebeenmadeforcommercialandcommunitylanduses;
The city centre, district centres and high access corridor zones will provide lively and successful
mixeduseurbancentrestypicalofhistoricIndiancities;
Adequate but not overgenerous provision has been made for road rights of way, with the
emphasisonpublictransportprovisionandlandscapedboulevardsandpedestrianareas,
A high proportion of the site is given over to open space and waterways so as to create an
attractiveanddesirablelivingenvironment;and
Surpluslandnotimmediatelyrequiredforurbandevelopmentpurposesissetasideforagricultural
use.Itisproposedthattreatedsewageeffluentbedirectedtotheseareasforirrigationpurposes,
withtheaimofraisingtheoutputofthefarmlandwithinDSIR.
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Figure33:SpatialDevelopmentplan
DSIRDA
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Table32:LandUseBudget
Sr.
No.
BROADLANDUSEZONES
AREA(HA)
PERCENTOF
DEVELOPABLE
AREA
PERCENTOF
TOTALAREA
Residential
9780.26
17%
10.6%
HighAccessCorridor
2465.11
4%
2.7%
CityCentre
679.08
1%
0.7%
Industrial
11457.36
20%
12.5%
Logistics
203.64
0%
0.2%
KnowledgeandIT
1229.97
2%
1.3%
RecreationSportsandEntertainment
4500.29
8%
4.9%
Roads
2644.51
5%
2.9%
StrategicInfrastructure
323.33
1%
0.4%
10
PublicFacilityZone
562.11
1%
0.6%
SubtotalUrban(1to10)
33,846
60%
37%
11
TourismResorts(CRZIII)
3888.83
7%
4.2%
12
Greenspaces
1960.12
3%
2.1%
13
VillageBuffer
1325.37
2%
1.4%
14
ExistingVillageSettlements
446.92
1%
0.5%
15
Agriculture
12804.15
23%
13.9%
16
Rivers,CanalsandOtherWaterbodies
2467.71
4%
2.7%
SubtotalNonurban(11to16)
22,893
40%
24.9%
DevelopableArea(A+B)
56,739
100%
61.7%
17
SolarEnergyPark
1345.92
1.5%
18
LandunderCRZI
33885.23
36.8%
SubtotalLandunderCRZI(17to18)
35,231
38%
TotalSiteArea(C+D)
91,970
100%
Notes:
1.ThetotalprojectareaasperthesiteinformationprovidedbyGIDBwasabout878sqkm.However,aspertheHalcrowGISand
CADdatabasepreparedaftervalidationwithNRSSdata,itisunderstoodtobeabout920sqkm.
2. Public Amenities is an overlay zone, which is subject to regulations applicable to the base Broad Land Use Zone. The area
covered under Public Amenities is therefore included within the Broad Land Use Zones. Refer Table 3.3 for areas under
communityfacilitiesineachzone,andTable5.5fortypeoffacilityanditsarea.
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With a view to create vibrant, activity oriented, walkable and sustainable communities, each of broad
urbanlandusecategoriescompriseamixofuses.
The Table 3.3 presents this breakup of the 10 urbanisable broad land use zones into 12 development
categoriesnamely:residentialhigh,mediumandlowdensity,commercialoffice/retail,leisure/hospitality,
education, industry, light industry, community facilities, public open space, recreation sports &
entertainment,utilitiesandlocalroads.
Thisbreakupofthebroadlandusezonesintofurthercategoriesisacriticalcomponentofthespatialplan.
It illustrates that any zone is not a monolithic swath of land allowing only a singular use, but a mix of
characterareas.Italsosetsoutthedesireddevelopmenttypeinazonethatfitsintothebroadercitylevel
strategy. For example, breakup for the High Access Corridor zone reflects absence of residential low
density,higherpercentagesofcommercialandcommunityfacilitiestocatertotheinducedhigherdensities
andlightserviceindustryasanexclusivecategory.Thepercentshareoflandunderlocalroadswithinthe
Industrial,Recreation&SportsandEntertainmentzonesisabout12percent,ascomparedtoa22percent
shareintheotherzones.
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Table33:BreakupoftheUrbanisableArea
BROADLANDUSE
Area(ha)
RESIDENTIAL
HIGHACCESS
CORRIDOR
9,780
CITY
CENTRE
2,465
679
INDUSTRIAL
LOGISTICS
11,457
204
KNOWLE
DGE
RECREATION
SPORTS&
ENTERTAIN
MENT
1,230
4,500
STRATEGIC
INFRASTRUCT
URE
323
ROADS
2,645
PUBLIC
FACILITY
562
TOTAL
33,846
1,236
Housing*
COMPONENTSOFTHEBROADLANDUSEZONES(AREAINHA)
ResidentialHigh
Density
Area
782
345
109
8%
14%
16%
0%
0%
0%
0.0%
Residential
MediumDensity
Area
3,032
592
102
184
31%
24%
15%
0%
0%
15%
0.0%
ResidentialLow
Density
Area
1,467
172
15%
0%
0%
0%
0%
14%
0.0%
Commercial
Offices/Retail
Area
196
148
95
135
2%
6%
14%
0%
0%
11%
0.0%
Leisure/Hospitality
Area
98
74
20
49
1350
1%
3%
3%
0%
0%
4%
30.0%
LightService
Industry
Area
123
0%
5%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0.0%
Industry
Area
9051
163
0%
0%
0%
79%
80%
0%
0.0%
Area
184
562
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
15%
0.0%
100%
Community
Facilities
Area
978
370
75
344
135
10%
15%
11%
3%
2%
11%
0.0%
LocalPublicOpen
Space
Area
978
247
122
115
209
641
10.00%
10.00%
18.00%
1.00%
1.00%
17.00%
14.3%
RecreationSports
&Entertainment
Area
1946
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
43.3%
Education
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3,910
1639
574
Commercial*
1591
123
Industrial*
9214
747
1906
2314
1946
Public&
Institutional*
BROADLANDUSE
LocalRoads
Utilities
TotalUrbanArea
RESIDENTIAL
HIGHACCESS
CORRIDOR
CITY
CENTRE
INDUSTRIAL
LOGISTICS
KNOWLE
DGE
RECREATION
SPORTS&
ENTERTAIN
MENT
Area
2152
542
149
1375
24
148
540
2645
22%
22%
22%
12%
12%
12%
12.0%
100%
Area
98
25
573
10
12
23
323
1%
1%
1%
5%
5%
1%
0.5%
100%
Area
9780
2465
679
11457
204
1230
4500
323
2645
562
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
DSIRDA
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STRATEGIC
INFRASTRUCT
URE
ROADS
PUBLIC
FACILITY
TOTAL
7575
Infrastructure*
1070
33846
Foreaseofunderstanding,theTables3.4and3.5presentasummaryofthedemandforkeyactivitiesanda
consolidated land use provision respectively. The quantification of development demand is discussed in
detailinChapter5,LandUseProposals.
Table34:SummaryofLandDemand
DEVELOPMENTDEMAND
AREA(ha)
SOURCE
Industriallanddemand(excludinglogistics)
8,000
SynovateResearch
Commerciallanddemand(includingformaltourism)
1,608
KnightFrankandSynovateResearch
Housinglanddemand
5,087
KnightFrankandHalcrowResearch
Table35:SummaryofLandProvision
Sr.
No.
USECATEGORY
Housing
Commercial
SPECIFICACTIVITY/USE
AREA
(ha)
PERCENTOF
DEVELOPABLE
AREA
PERCENTOF
TOTALAREA
Residentialhigh,mediumandlow
density
6,785
12%
7%
Commercialoffice,retail,light
serviceindustry,leisure,formal
tourism,hospitality
2,165
4%
2%
Industrial
Industrialandlogistics
9,337
16%
10%
Publicand
Institutional
Education,communityfacilities,
localpublicopenspace,recreation
sports&entertainment
6,912
12%
8%
Infrastructure
Strategicroadsandinfrastructure,
localroads,utilities
8,645
15%
9%
SubtotalUrbanisableZones
33,846
60%
36.8%
OpenandGreen
40%
25%
25%
Agriculture,Greenspaces,Reserve
forfutureindustriesand
entertainment,Rivers/Streams,
ExistingVillageSettlementsand
VillageBuffers,andTourism
Resorts(CRZIII)
SubtotalDevelopableArea
56,754
100%
61.7%
No
Development
Zone
35,231
38%
91,970
100%
SolarParkwithinCRZI,and
remaininglandunderCRZI
TotalSiteArea
3.5. KeySpatialPlanElements
InordertoensurethattheurbanstructureofDSIRiscompactandefficient,theDraftDevelopmentplan
emphasisesamixoflanduseswherethisiscompatiblewithgoodenvironmentalpracticeandsafeguards.
Therewillbeanelementofmixeduseinallpartsofthecitybutitwillbeapronouncedfeatureofthecity
and district centres and the high access corridors. The concept behind the planning of these areas is
summarisedinthissection.
AnotherkeyfeatureofthePlanistheapproachforintegrationoftheexisting22villagesintotheeconomic
lifeandurbanfabricofthenewcity.Thevillageshavebeenallocatedbufferzonesandwithinthesezones,
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specialregulationsandpoliciesapplyasdiscussedlater.Theconceptofthevillagebufferzones,andtheir
function is briefly discussed in this section, while a more detailed description and a model village plan is
presentedinChapter9,SocialAssessment.
3.5.1.
MainCityCentre
Thecitycentreisconceivedasavibrant,mixeduseareaandfocalpointforthewholeofDSIR.Itwillhavea
widerangeofuses,withanemphasisonthosethatrequireacentral,easilyaccessiblelocationtofunction
efficiently.Therangeoffacilitiesproposedisasfollows:
Retailuses,thatconcentrateonservingregionaldemandandthehighestlevelshoppingfacilities
suchasmalls,andstoresofferingmostlycomparisongoodsandalsoentertainmentfacilities;
Commercial and Government offices which are frequented by members of the public or which
requireacentrallocationsothatworkerscanaccessthemeasilybypublictransport;
Major community facilities that require good accessibility for the public, such as speciality
hospitals,centrallibrary,concerthalls,sportsstadia,majorreligiousbuildings;
Amajorcentralparkormaidantoactasthelungsanddefiningfeatureofthenewcity;
A wide range of residential accommodation, including high quality apartments in prime locations
overlooking the central park, and high and medium density apartments, some of which could be
builtoverretailunits.
CharacterofMainCityCentre
CharacterofDistrictCentres
Figure34:CharacterofCityCentres
3.5.2.
DistrictCentres
The district centreswillbesmaller,scaleddownversionsofthecitycentre.Theyareintendedtoensure

that the city can develop as a polycentric urban area, with facilities spread evenly around the city. The
districtcentreswouldtypicallycontainfacilitiesrequiredatalowerlevelinthehierarchyofprovision.For
example, the city will provide the highest level and specialist medical facilities but each district centre
would be expected to have a smaller general hospital to serve a more local population. The range of
facilitiesproposedisasfollows:
Retailshops,withbothcomparisonandconveniencegoodssuchasfoodshopping;
CommercialandGovernmentofficesservingthedistrict;
Communityfacilitiesthatrequiregoodaccessibilityfromtherestofthedistrict;
Residentialaccommodation,includinghighandmediumdensityapartments,someofwhichcould
bebuiltoverretailunits.
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Illustrativeviewpossible
developmentscenariointhecore
sectorwithinthecitycentre
Figure35:PolycentricDevelopmentMainCityCentresandDistrictCentres
3.5.3.
HighAccessCorridors
HighAccessCorridorsareallocatedonadistanceofabout250mto750m(5to10minuteswalk)fromthe
majorpublictransitroutes,asillustratedintheFigure3.6.Thiszonewillfeaturethecharacteroftransit
orienteddevelopments,withhigherFARsandresidentialdensitiesthanotherresidentialareasandgreater
mix of activities. Apart from retail and service oriented activities for the surrounding populace, they will
providehighdensityhousingforworkersintheindustrialzones.Thesealsoprovideforshopsandservices
andcommunityfacilitiesforitsresidentsandthedaytodayneedsoftheindustrialareas.Itisanticipated
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that each corridor will become a major public transit route, in the first instance as a bus route but
eventually as a tram or light rail transit (LRT) route when traffic levels are high enough. This zone is
intended to contain the highest residential densities. Figure 3.6 illustrates a sample plotting of a sector
withintheHighAccessCorridor.
Thebreakdownofthedifferentusesisbroadlyasfollows:
Highdensityhousing,includingprovisionforHighIncomeGroup(HIG)&LowIncomeGroup(LIG),
andtheeconomicallyweakersections(EWS);
Communityfacilitiestomeettheneedsoftheresidentpopulationandworkersfromtheadjoining
industrialareas,includingparksandsportsareas;
Commercialfacilitiestoservetheneedsofresidentsandworkers,suchasretailshops,restaurants,
hotel,banks,andotherservices;
Institutionalbuildingsservingtheimmediateneedsofthelocality.
Figure36:HighAccessCorridorsasTransitOrientedDevelopments
3.6. IntegrationofExistingVillageSettlements
Inderivingheavilyfromtheprinciplesofinclusivegrowth,theDraftDevelopmentplanmakesaprovision
for a comprehensive village integration strategy to accommodate the natural future growth in these
settlements by constituting village buffer zones as a land use. The overall strategy, which is described in
detailinChapter9SocialAssessment,includesthefollowingasitscomponents:
CreationofVillageBufferZones,asaseparatelandusecategoryintheDraftDevelopmentplan;
ZoningregulationstodeterminethelandusesintheVillageBufferZone;
Sensitiveupgradingoftheexistingvillagesettlementfabric;
CreationoftheDholeraWelfareSocietyasavillageassistancecellwithinDSIRDA.
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Theroleofthebufferzoneisto:
Physically demarcate areas in the Draft Development plan for prioritizing continued agriculture
basedactivitiesaroundvillagessettlements;
Easeintegrationofthesettlementswiththesurroundingurbanlandusesovertime;
Giveasenseofownershipandcontroltothevillageresidentsontheirimmediateenvirons;
Preventuncontrolleddevelopmentinthevicinityofthesensitivevillagefabric.
Figure3.7illustratesthelocationsoftheexistingvillagesettlements,eachsurroundedbyaVillageBuffer
Zone.
Figure37:VillageBufferzonesaroundExistingVillageSettlements
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3.7. Sustainability
The development that can achieve economic growth without depleting natural resources, harming the
environment, or destroying communities is now widely known as sustainable development. The most
commonlyuseddefinitionisthatoftheBrundtlandCommission,whichdescribessustainabledevelopment
as:
Developmentthatmeetstheneedsofthecurrentgenerationwithoutcompromisingtheneedsoffuture
generations
The concept of sustainable development has captured considerable widespread support throughout the
world at National and local Government level, as well as with community groups and nonGovernmental
organisations.Itisalsobecomingincreasinglyrecognisedbytheprivatesectorasalegitimateconcernof
developersandindustrialists.Itisthemeansbywhichenvironmentalimpactsaremitigated.
Sustainabledevelopmentprinciplesareincreasinglyviewedasanessentialframeworkforurbanplanners,
tohelpthemaddressthepotentiallyconflictinggoalsofeconomicdevelopment,environmentalprotection
andsocialjusticeindevelopmentplanning.Itisfindingexpressioninproposalsforecocitiesandecotowns
inmanypartsoftheworld.
3.7.1.
SustainableDevelopmentintheDSIR
Sustainable development is usually defined in three dimensions: economic, environmental and social
parametersmeasuredthroughoutstrategicanddetailedplanningprocessesandsubjecttoevaluationand
monitoring.
It is becoming increasingly common worldwide to identify those factors that are important to achieve
sustainable development and to adopt policies to address them in plans and development control
proceduresthroughdesignguidelines,buildingcodesandgreenratingsystems.
The spatial planning of DSIR incorporates many planning policies and spatial proposals that incorporate
environmentalmitigationandsustainableurbandesignprinciples,notably:
Adaptingtoclimatechangeandplanningfortheriskofflooding;
Treatinglandasascarceresource;
Provisionsforrenewableenergy:
Providingalanduseaccessstrategythatencourageswalking,cyclingandpublictransport;
Provisionfortherecyclingofwaste;
Avoiding pollution though the provision of adequate treatment facilities and environmental
management;
Protectingandenhancingbiodiversityandthenaturalenvironment;
Integratinglocalcommunitiesintothenewcity;
Cateringforallhousingsectors.
The environment mitigation strategy for DSIR places sustainable development at the very heart of the
planning and urban design of the new city. Sustainable design has a strategic component and a more
detailedcomponentthatisaddressedattheleveloftheplotandthebuilding.Bothlevelsofdesignneedto
beaddressediftrulysustainabledesignistobeachieved.Thissectionsummarisesthestrategicpoliciesand
principlesforEnvironmentalMitigationthroughSustainableDevelopment.
The application of green building codes and environmental rating systems, such as Leadership in Energy
and Environmental Design (LEED), BRE Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), Green Rating for
IntegratedHabitatAssessment(GRIHAandtheIndianGreenBuildingCouncil(IGBC)GreenHomesisrapidly
becomingthenormintermsofimprovingthesustainabilityofbuildings.Thecodesareallslightlydifferent
butingeneralcoverissuessuchastheuseandconservationofmaterialsandresourcessuchasenergyand
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30|P a g e
water,thelayoutofplots,includinglandscaping,andbuildingoperationsandmaintenance.Development
intheDSIRwillbeexpectedtosethighstandardsofsustainabledesignasdiscussedinthissection.
At a more detailed level, sustainability is addressed through the adoption of resource efficient buildings
through green building codes. The application of green building codes in the DSIR is discussed in the
GeneralDevelopmentControlRegulations.
3.7.2.
StrategicpoliciesandprinciplesforSustainableDevelopment
Adaptingtoclimatechangeandplanningfortheriskofflooding
Flooding, from inundation by the sea and from seasonal monsoon rains, is currently a major problem in
DSIR.Thisproblemcouldbedirectlyexacerbatedbyurbanisationandtheresultingincreaseintheareaof
impervioussurfacesandindirectlybyglobalwarmingandconsequentsealevelrises.
A large part of the DSIR falls within the Coastal Regulatory Zone (CRZ) and this regulation is designed to
protect people and property from the risk of flooding by preventing inappropriate development in areas
subjecttosealevelrisesandnaturalhazards.InthepartoftheDSIRfallingbeyondtheHighTideLine(HTL)
nodevelopmentwillbeallowed.IntheCRZIII,thefollowingactivitiesonlywillbeallowedaccordingtothe
Coastal Management Zone Notification dated 6th January, 2011 (details given in chapter 26 of GDCR
report):
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
agriculture,horticulture,gardens,pasture,parks,playfield,andforestry;
projectsrelatingtoDepartmentofAtomicEnergy;
miningofrareminerals;
saltmanufacturefromseawater;
Foreshorefacilitiesfordesalinationplantsandassociatedfacilities;
weatherradars;
construction of units or auxiliary thereto for domestic sewage, treatment and disposal with the
priorapprovaloftheconcernedPollutionControlBoardorCommittee;
facilitiesrequiredforlocalfishingcommunitiessuchasfishdryingyards,auctionhalls,netmending
yards,traditionalboatbuildingyards,iceplant,icecrushingunits,fishcuringfacilitiesandthelike;
development of vacant plot in designated areas for construction of hotels or beach resorts for
touristsorvisitorssubjecttotheconditions;
facilitiesforreceiptandstorageofpetroleumproductsandliquefiednaturalgas;
facilitiesforregasificationofliquefiednaturalgassubject;
storageofnonhazardouscargosuchas,edibleoil,fertilizers,foodgraininnotifiedports;
facilitiesforgeneratingpowerbynonconventionalenergysources;
construction orreconstructionofdwellingunitssolongitiswithintheambit oftraditionalrights
andcustomaryusessuchasexistingfishingvillagesandgoathans;
Constructionofpublicrainshelters,communitytoilets,watersupplydrainage,sewerage,roadsand
bridges by CZMA who may also permit construction of schools and dispensaries for local
inhabitantsoftheareaforthosepanchayats,themajorpartofwhichfallswithinCRZifnoother
areaisavailableforconstructionofsuchfacilities;
reconstructionoralterationofexistingauthorizedbuilding
TheDraftDevelopmentplanonlyallocatesagriculture,aquaculture,greenareasanddevelopmentofbasic
infrastructurewithintheCRZ.
Outside the CRZ, the DSIR is divided into flood management zones as described in Chapter 7. Protection
bunds will be constructed around each cell to prevent flooding destroying crops and property, whether
floodingisfromseasonalrainsorfromthesea.RiversintheDSIRwillbedredgedanddesiltedtoensure
rapiddispersalofanyfloodwaters.
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Treatinglandasascarceresource
The Draft Development plan is based upon a compact urban model in order to conserve land resources,
averagingtomediumorhighresidentialdensitiesandsupportedbyagoodqualityurbantransitsystem.
Thereisageneralagreementthatitisbecomingincreasinglyimportanttoreducefoodmiles,thatis,the
distancethatfoodhastotravelbeforeitisconsumed.Producingfoodlocallyisverysustainableandsoitis
proposed that land will be retained in agricultural use in DSIR unless and until it is needed for more
productiveuses.
FarmlandisgenerallybetterinthewestoftheDSIRthanthelandclosetotheGulfofKhambhatandmuch
ofthisareaisallocatedforagricultureunlessurgentlyrequiredfordevelopment.Theplanthusallocates
about 12,804 ha (14 percent of the total site) area under agriculture. A programme of soil improvement
and enrichment is suggested and increased use of irrigation, (some by using treated sewage effluent) is
recommendedinordertoincreaseproductivity.
Provisionofrenewableenergy
TherewillbeagreatlyincreasedrequirementforelectricityintheDSIRtosupportindustrial,commercial
andresidentialdevelopment.TheDraftDevelopmentplanproposesaverylargesolarenergypark,which
willhavethepotentialtoserviceasignificantproportionofthepowerdemandintheDSIR.
Provisionofsolarhotwatersystemsandphotovoltaiccellstogenerateelectricityontheroofsofbuildings,
aswellenergyreductionthroughtheuseofenvironmentalbuildingstandardsandfeatures,andinsulating
materialswillbeencouragedviasustainablebuildingcodesdiscussedlater.
Providingalanduseaccessstrategythatencourageswalking,cyclingandpublictransport
The Draft Development plan integrates land uses so that the majority of journeys can be made by foot,
cycleorpublictransport,withtheaimofreducingtheneedforprivatecarstoanabsoluteminimum.This
strategyisinaccordancewithbesturbanpracticeandissimilartothosebeingimplementedinsomeofthe
mostprosperousandsuccessfulcitiesintheworld.
Wasterecycling
Many of the industries located in the DSIR will produce recyclable material and the strategy outlined in
Chapter7providesfacilitiesforthereuseandrecyclingofthismaterial.
Avoidingpollution
AllindustrieslocatingwithintheDSIRwillberequiredtomeetNationalandStateenvironmentalpollution
regulations. The DSIR is intended for non polluting industries which can treat their own waste on site
before safe discharge into the various waste disposal modes like the solid waste and common sewage
system. Industries requiring more complex treatment process, such as petrochemical industries, will be
required to locate elsewhere, for example in the Dahej PCPIR where more specialist regulation and
commontreatmentfacilitieswillbeinplace.
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CHAPTER4
THEPHASINGSTRATEGY
4.1.
Introduction
33
4.2.
LandDemand
33
4.3..
TheSpatialPhasingStrategy
33
4.4..
Phase1
34
4.5.
Phase2
37
4.6.
Phase3
39
4.7.
RetainingFlexibility
39
4.8.
PhasingofMajorInfrastructureElements
41
4. ThePhasingStrategy
4.1. Introduction
TheplanninghorizonfortheDSIRis30yearsanditisthereforeconvenienttoconsiderdividingthegrowth
of the city into 3 equal development phases of 10 years. This will ensure that urban growth can be
implementedinanefficientandcosteffectivemannerovertimeandthatlandusesandinfrastructureare
plannedandprovidedinacoordinatedmanner.
4.2. LandDemand
The forecast of demand for industrial land derived from the market assessment studies suggests that
demandwillbuildupslowlyatfirst,thengrowatafastratethroughthemiddleperiodandthenleveloffas
thecitymatures.Thedemandforresidential,commercialandotherlanduseswillfollowasimilarpattern.
TheDraftDevelopmentplanthereforeensuresthatsufficientlandisavailableineachperiodtoprovidefor
alllandusesinanintegratedmanner.
Table4.1indicatesthebroadplanrequirementbyphaseintermsofthemajoreconomicactivityandthe
correspondinghousingtobeaccommodated.Table4.2(seepage34)presentstheallocationofvariousland
uses of the Draft Development plan over the three phases. The land use budget provides for areas
commensuratewiththedemandforeachphase.
Table41:KeyDemandandProvisionbyPhase
KEYREQUIREMENT/PROVISION
PHASE1
PHASE2
PHASE3
TOTAL
Totaljobs
204,850
402,470
219,310
826,630
2,230
3,780
1,970
7,980
Residentpopulation(Halcrow,Knight
Frank)
496,000
970,000
534,000
2,000,000
Demandforhousingunits(KnightFrank)
124,000
242,500
133,500
500,000
Netlanddemandforhousing*(Halcrow)
1,262
2,467
1,358
5,087
Netlandprovisionforhousing
1,655
3,600
1,530
6,785
Demandfornetindustrialland(Synovate)
4.3. TheSpatialPhasingStrategy
Indeterminingthespatialphasingstrategy,theDraftDevelopmentplanrecognisesthat:
Development is best started where the most comprehensive range of existing facilities and
infrastructure is already available, particularly where they are close to existing centres of
population;
ConcentratingearlydevelopmentonGovernmentownedlandwillminimisethecostandpotential
delaysinlandprocurement;
Development should preferably be concentrated in one or two locations at any one time, rather
thanbespreadthinlyovertheentiredevelopmentarea,soastoallowutilityservicessuchaswater
andwastewatertreatmenttobesuppliedeconomicallyandwithminimumdelay;
Eachphaseshouldbeasselfsustainedaspossibleandshouldprovideawellbalancedmixofuses
so that it can function effectively and not require development within subsequent phases to
completeit;
Theearlydevelopmentphaseshouldbelargelycompletedbeforesubsequentphasesarebrought
onstream
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Table42:SummaryofLandProvision
SR
NO
LANDUSEZONE
PHASE1
PHASE2
PHASE3
TOTAL
AREA(HA)
AREA(HA)
AREA(HA)
AREA(HA)
2,187
4,268
3,326
9,780
Residential
HighAccessCorridor
690
1,177
598
2,465
CityCentre
318
170
191
679
Industrial
4,554
4,044
2,859
11,457
Logistics
86
69
49
204
Knowledge&IT
585
645
1,230
RecreationSports&Entertainment
1,959
1,216
1,324
4,500
StrategicRoads
845
859
790
2,494
StrategicInfrastructure
52
212
60
324
10
PublicFacilityZone
221
94
247
562
(A)
SubtotalUrban
11,505
12,045
10,147
33,696
11
TourismResorts(CRZIII)
2,046
681
1,162
3,889
12
SolarPark(locatedinCRZI)
1,346
1,346
(B)
AreasubjecttophasedDevelopment
38,931
13
GreenSpaces
1,960
14
VillageBuffer
1,325
15
ExistingVillageSettlement
16
Agriculture
12,804
17
Rivers,CanalandOtherWaterbodies
2,468
(C)
SubtotalNonurban(11to12+14to17)
22,893
DevelopableArea(A+C)
56,589*
447
*Thedifferencebetweenthedevelopableareaintable3.2isowingtothefactthatsomeroadsintheagricultureareatotheWest
oftheCityconnectingdifferentvillageswillbedevelopedasandwhenrequired
4.4. Phase1
The early development of DSIR is located in the north of the site, close to Dholera, on either side of the
existingSH6.(SeeFigure4.1).ThenorthernpartoftheDSIRiscurrentlymoredevelopedthanthesouth
andhasbetterexistingroadconnectionstoAhmedabad,VadodaraandthenearestrailheadatDhandhuka.
Beingclosesttothesourcesoffreshwaterandelectricalpowerlinesthisareacanbemosteasilyprovided
withutilities.
ThelargestconcentrationofGovernmentownedlandisinthenortheastportionoftheDSIRandtherefore
addsconsiderableweighttothedevelopmentofthispartoftheDSIRinPhase1oftheplan.Government
landownershipwithrespecttotheDraftDevelopmentplanphasingisgiveninAppendixE.
ThemajorroadtraversingtheDSIR,theSH6,passescentrallythroughthesiteinanorthsouthdirection.
Sincethisprovidesthemainaccesstothesitefromexistingpopulationcentresandports,proximitytothis
roadfortheearlydevelopmentphaseisalsoimportant.
Phase I of the development can be considered in two subphases of five years each. The first five years
wouldconcentrateonenablingworksandinfrastructureandseelittleactualdevelopment.
The next five years will provide much more industrial and housing uses with supporting community
infrastructure.OverallinPhase1,theuptakeoflandforindustryandhousingisexpectedtoreachabout33
percentofthetotaldemandforurbanisablelandoverthe30yeardevelopmentperiod.
DSIRDA
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ThekeyinfrastructurecomponentsrequiredduringPhase1are:
ThecreationofstrongconnectingroadswiththeexistingSH6,includingtheconstructionofanew
roadcrossingtheSH6southofDholeratowntoopenupareasfordevelopmenteithersideofthe
expressway. A decision as to whether this road needs to fly over SH6 at the outset needs to be
determined. Whilst traffic volumes may not justify such provision immediately, it may be more
economicaltoconstructthisstructureatthesametimeastheduallingoftheroadiscarriedout;
Constructionofawatertreatmentworksandsewagetreatmentworks;
Watersupplydistributionsystem
CommercialusestobelocatedinanewcentretothewestoftheSH6;
Development of a passenger rail station to serve the new railway line and link the new city to
Ahmedabadandthesurroundingtowns.Adjacenttothestationwouldbeabusstationtoensure
efficientpublictransportinterchange;
Developmentofapublictransitsystemwillbestartedwiththekeybusroutesthatwouldoperate
in the first phase. These bus routes will eventually be converted into street trams, in the second
phase;
Thefirstphaseofafreightlogisticsdepotwillbecreatedontheedgeofthiszone,withaccessto
therailwaylineclosetoamajorjunctionontheSH6;
Anextensiveprogrammeofdredgingtodeepenandwidenexistingriverswillbeinstigatedinthis
phaseinordertocreateareasofattractivewaterfrontandalsotocreateartificiallakesandponds
forthestorageofrainwater.
InPhase1,thetotallandareaunderurbanzones,TourismResortsis13,551ha,whereasareaunderonly
urbanzonesis11,505ha.
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DraftDe
evelopmentPlan(D
DDP)
Figgure41:Phasse1Developm
mentLandU
Uses
Note:Roadsareindica
atedforpurp
poseofreferen
nce;Figuredo
oesnotindica
atephasingof
ofmajorinfrasstructure;Villlage
ntsandVillag
geBuffersare shownforind
dicativepurpo
osesonly.Theeseareaswill notbesubjeccttoanymarkket
Settlemen
leddevelo
opment.
pmentAutho
ority,Gandhinagar
DSIRDA
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4.5. Phase2
Constructionofthesecondstageofthecitysdevelopmentwouldnotcommenceuntilsubstantialprogress
hasbeenmadeontheearlierstage.Theintentistomakemaximumuseof alreadyservicedland before
newinvestmentismadeinopeningupadditionalareasforfurtherdevelopment.
Development of the second phase will be a logical extension of the Phase 1 development and will also
includeamixofindustrialandresidentialuses.Thisgrowthcanbeaccomplishedbyextendingtheexisting
gridofroadsoutwardsfromthephase1area.Thiswillbeaneconomicalandefficientwayofcreatingnew
developmentopportunities.Lessextensiveexpansionmightalsobeconsideredtothenorthwestsoasto
makeuseofthegoodaccessthisareahastotheexistingdevelopment.
TheforecastuptakeoflandforindustryandhousinginPhase2isexpectedtobesignificant,representing
about 34 percent of the total demand for urbanisable land over the 30 year development period. This
representsthestrongestperiodofthecitysgrowth.
Therewillbenorequirementforanyadditionalmajorstrategicroadconnectionsduringthisphase,since
SH6willstillformthemainroadaccesstotheDSIR.Howeverbythisphase,anadditionaltrafficlanein
bothdirectionsmayberequired.Buildingofthefirstsectionofthetramsystemshouldbestartedduring
this period. The section from the railway station southeast over the expressway is likely to be the most
viablesectionintheshortterm.
ManyotherfacilitiesprovidedinPhase1willonlybereachingfullcapacitywithinthissecondphasebutfor
geographical reasons it may be found necessary to develop additional sewage and water treatment
facilities.
Development of further commercial zones in the new development areas will be according to market
demand.
In Phase 2, the total land area under urban zones, Tourism & Resorts (area subject to development) is
12,725ha,whereasareaunderonlyurbanzonesis12,045ha.
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DraftDe
evelopmentPlan(D
DDP)
mentLandU
Uses
Note:Roadsareindica
atedforpurp
poseofreferen
nce;Figuredo
oesnotindica
atephasingof
ntsandVillag
dicativepurpo
Settlemen
leddevelo
opment.
pmentAutho
ority,Gandhinagar
DSIRDA
38|P a g e
4.6. Phase3
ThisphaseseesthecompletionofdevelopmentonthewesternandsouthernsidesoftheDSIR,againwith
abalancedmixoflanduses.
Inthisphaseofdevelopmenttheuptakeoflandforindustryandhousingisexpectedtoslowdownasthe
citymatures,althoughthisphasewillstillrepresentabout27percentofthetotaldemandforlandoverthe
30yeardevelopmentperiod.
As with the other phases, Phase 3 will provide a balance of industrial and housing uses, together with
supportingcommunityinfrastructureandcommercialcentres.Thekeyinfrastructurecomponentsrequired
to bring this about will include the further extension of the grid of city roads, construction of additional
sewagetreatmentworkstoservethesouthofthecityandcompletionofthetramnetworkcomprisingtwo
interconnectinglines.
In Phase 3, the total land area under urban zones and Tourism is 11,309 ha, whereas area in only urban
zonesis10,147ha.
AsummaryofareadevelopedunderthethreephasesisindicatedinTable4.3
4.7. RetainingFlexibility
Expansion beyond the boundaries of the urban area beyond the planning horizon period would be
relativelystraightforward,asthegridofroadsandthetramsystemisexpandableandperipheralexpansion
inalldirectionsisfeasiblewithoutmajorredesignofthecity.Theagriculturallandtothewestofthecity
withinthefloodbundisallocatedasthefirsturbanextension,asandwhenrequired.
Thecitythushascapacitytodevelopwellbeyondthetimeframeoftheexistingplan.
Notalldevelopershavethesamesitelocationrequirementssoitisrecognisedthatperhapsnotalloftheir
requirementscannecessarilybemetateachstageofphaseddevelopment.Furthermore,largerdevelopers
maywellbeofsuchascalethattheycanproceedontheirowninaselfcontainedmanner.
Ifthecasearisesthatlargerdeveloperswishtoproceedwiththeirowndevelopmentoutsidethenormally
allocatedphaseddevelopmentarea,itisassumedthattheywouldberequiredtobeselfsufficientinterms
ofinfrastructure.Inthiscase,itispresumedthattheywouldbearanyadditionalinfrastructurecosts.
Table43:SummaryofAreaunderPhasing
PHASE
URBANAREAUNDERPHASED
DEVELOPMENT(ha)
PERCENTOFTOTALURBANISABLE
AREA
Phase1
11,505
34%
Phase2
12,045
36%
Phase3
10,147
30%
Total
33,696
100%
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DraftDe
evelopmentPlan(D
DDP)
mentLandU
Uses
Note:Roadsareindica
atedforpurp
poseofreferen
nce;Figuredo
oesnotindica
atephasingof
ntsandVillag
dicativepurpo
Settlemen
leddevelo
opment.
pmentAutho
ority,Gandhinagar
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4.8. PhasingofMajorInfrastructureElements
Anindicativetimelineforthecriticalenablinginfrastructureelements,provisionofwhichwouldunderpin
asystematicdevelopmentintheDSIRisgiveninTable4.4.
Table44:IndicativePhasingoftheMajorInfrastructureElements
INFRASTRUCTURE
PHASE1
PHASE1A
PHASE1B
20102015
20152020
PHASE2
PHASE3
20202030
20302040
LandunderUrbanUses(ha)
(Cumulative)
11,505
23,549
33,846
Population(Cumulative)
500,000
1,450,000
2,000,000
Dwellings(Cumulative)
125,000
362,500
500,000
OverallUrbanDevelopment
Industrialpark,
CBD,new
housingareas
innew
township
aroundDholera
Continued
urban
development
inthenorthof
theDSIR
Transport:
StrategicRoads DuallingofSH6
*Agency:
GujaratState
Road
Transport
TollroadconnectingDSIRwith
Development
PipavavPort
Corporation
(GSRDC)
Urban
development
concentratedin
thewestand
centreofthe
DSIR
Urbandevelopmentin
thesouthandonthe
westernandeastern
sidesoftheDSIR
Strengthening
road
connectivity
fromtheDSIR
totheDFC
Constructionofroad
connectionsonthe
KalpasarDam
CityRoads
Grade
separated
flyoverof
SH6at
Dholera
Construction
ofprimary
roadgrid
Secondgrade
separated
flyoverofSH6
Constructionof
localroads
Expansionofcityroadsinaccordancewith
urbangrowthandtrafficdemand,including
additionalgradeseparatedjunctionswith
theSH6
Rail
Provisionof
BGraillinkto
Dholeraand
construction
ofa
passengerrail
station
Constructionof
raillineover
Kalpasardam
anddirectlink
toBhavnagar
SuburbanRail
from
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INFRASTRUCTURE
PHASE1
PHASE1A
PHASE1B
20102015
20152020
PHASE2
PHASE3
20202030
20302040
Ahmedabadto
theDSIR
(plannedbythe
Governmentof
Gujarat)
Utilities
*Agency:
PublicWorks
Department
IntercityPublic Improved
Transport
localbus
services,
centralbus
station
Dedicatedbus
lanes
Air
Developmentofanew
internationalairportnearNavagam
Village
Tramlines
LRTSystem
WaterSupply
RisingMain
55km
75km
10km
WaterSupply
Distribution
Network
780km
1240km
730km
Water
Treatment
Works
ConstructionofOttariyaStage1
treatmentworks(Capacity:258
MLD)
Constructionof
HebatpurStage
1treatment
works
(Capacity:
450MLD)
ConstructionofStage2
treatmentworksat
Ottariya&Hebatpur
(Capacity:238MLD)
Flood
Management
DesiltingandtrainingofDSIR
riversandconstructionofflood
protectionbunds
WasteWater
Treatment
ConstructionofSTPB,C,Dand
CETP1,4:TotalCapacity:178
(MLD)
Constructionof
STPA,B,Dand
CETP2,3,4
TotalCapacity:
310(MLD)
ConstructionofSTPD
andCETP2,3,4Total
Capacity:164(MLD)
Sewage
Networkand
Intermediate
Pumping
Stations
780km,7pumpingstations
1240km,12
pumping
stations
730km,8pumping
stations
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INFRASTRUCTURE
PHASE1
PHASE2
PHASE3
20302040
PHASE1A
PHASE1B
20102015
20152020
20202030
PowerSupply
*Agency:Uttar
GujaratVij
Company
Limited
Building
regulations
requiringon
sitesolar
renewable
generation
(e.g.water
heating&
Photo
voltaics)
Constructionof
amajor
renewable
energypower
station
Constructionof
aconventional
powerstationof
90MWX1
number.
Constructionof
aconventional
powerstation
of90MWX1
number.
Constructionof
additionalrenewable
energypowerstations
Constructionofa
conventionalpower
stationof90MWX1
number.
Power
Transmission
*Agency:
GujaratEnergy
Transmission
Company
Construction
ofa132kv
linefrom
Dhandhukato
a132kvsub
stationat
Dholera
Constructionof
a400kvlineto
theeasternside
oftheDSIRand
a400kvmain
substation.
Developmentof
sub
transmission
lineof132KV&
associated
substationsof
132/33/11KV
alongwithload
growth.
Constructionof
asecond400kv
linetothe
westernsideof
theDSIRanda
400kvmain
substation.
Developmentof
sub
transmission
lineof132KV&
associated
substationsof
132/33/11KV
alongwithload
growth.
Developmentofsub
transmissionlineof
132KV&associated
substationsof
132/33/11KValongwith
loadgrowth.
SolidWaste
Developmentofwastecollectionandrecyclingfacilities,includingenergyfrom
wasteplant
DSIRDA
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CHAPTER5
LANDUSEPROPOSALS
5.1.
HousingProvision
44
5.2.
CommunityFacilities
46
5.3.
CommercialUsesandFormalTourism
51
5.4.
Industry
58
5.5.
OpenspaceandRecreation
61
5.6..
AgricultureZonesandReserveLand
62
5. LandUseProposals
5.1. HousingProvision
The development of industry and other economic sectors in the DSIR will create a substantial need for
housing. The housing strategy for the DSIR is to allocate sufficient land for residential purposes that will
meettheneedsofallincomegroups.Forplanningpurposesithasbeenassumedthat80%ofallhousehold
headsworkingintheDSIRwillwishtoliveintheregionwiththeirfamilies.
These dwellings will be matched to the needs of the new population in terms of affordability, size and
typology.Particularattentionwillbepaidtoadequatehousingprovisionforlowerincomegroups(LIG)and
economically weaker sections (EWS) in order to prevent the formation of slums. The release of land for
housingwillalsobephasedinordertoensureanorderlyhousingmarketandtopreventpricespeculation.
Thedemandforhousingisderivedfromthedetailedemploymentforecastandtheanalysisofthemarket
for housing in the DSIR. This study examined the likely employment structure in the DSIR over a 30 year
timehorizonandtheincomelevelsofemployees,bothforthosedirectlyemployedinthebaseindustriesof
theindustrialparksandintheknowledge,highereducationandtourismsectors,andthoseinthesupport
sectorssuchasbanking,retail,constructionandinfrastructureservices.
About500,000dwellingsarerequiredtomeetthehousingrequirementofDSIRforthe30yearplanperiod.
ThisnumberisbaseduponatargetDSIRpopulationof2millioninhabitantslivingatanaveragehousehold
sizeoffourpersonssharingasingledwelling.
The analysis of income levels and affordability in the DSIR identified a requirement for three broad
categoriesofhousing;
Highincomegroups(annualincomemorethanINR500,000)lowtomediumdensityhousing
Mediumincomegroups(annualincomewithinINR150,000to500,000)mediumtohighdensity
housing
Lowincomegroups,includingEWS(annualincomelessthanINR175,000)highdensityhousing.
Eachhousingcategoryisessentiallybasedupondensitiesanddescribedintermsofaveragegrossandnet
density. Gross density includes local roads, community facilities and open space, whereas net density
includesplotareasorsaleablelandonly,Thedescriptionofeachcategoryofhousingisasfollows:
5.1.1.
LowDensityHousing
This will include detached bungalows and villas above 100sqm in carpet area on large plot areas. The
averagenetdensityproposedforsuchhousingisaboutnetdensityof25dph(dwellingsperhectare).
5.1.2.
MediumDensityHousing
Thiswilltypicallybelargerrowhousesandapartmentswithcarpetareasof50sqm100sqm.Theaverage
netdensityproposedformediumdensityhousingis75dph.
5.1.3.
HighDensityHousing
This will include group housing structures such as apartments, smaller row houses, dormitories and
bachelor housing for migrant industrial workers and sites and services schemes. These units are likely to
havecarpetareasoflessthan50m2.Theaveragenetdensityproposedforsuchhousingisabout195dph.
TheprovisionofdwellingunitsforeachdensitycategoryisindicatedinTable5.1.
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Table51:TargetNumberofDwellings
HOUSINGCATEGORY
DWELLINGUNITS
PERCENTOFTOTALHOUSINGPROVISION
LowDensity
34,000
7%
MediumDensity
246,000
49%
HighDensity
220,000
44%
Total
500,000
100%
Housing will be located in designated residential areas, in high access corridors, and commercial zones,
including in the city centre and district commercial centres. Housing will also be allowed in higher
educationandknowledgeindustrycampusesintheformofstaffhousingandstudenthousingandinthe
villagebufferzones.
Theallocationofvarioushousingdensitiesissuchthatitencouragesmixingofincomegroupsineachofthe
land use zones that permit residential premises. Table 5.2 indicates the housing density mix across the
Residential,HighAccessCorridor,CityCentreandKnowledge&ITZones.
AllthreedensitycategoriesareincludedintheResidentialZone,whereasonlyhighandmediumdensities
areincludedintheCityCentreandHighAccessCorridorZones.TheKnowledgeandITZoneaccommodates
onlymediumandlowdensitydwellingunits.ThespatialdistributionofhousingisshownonFigure5.1(see
page47).
Table52:LandforHousingProvisioninVariousLandUseZones
LANDUSEZONE
AREA(ha)
PERCENTAREAUNDERHOUSING
HighDensity
MediumDensity
LowDensity
Residential
9,780
31
15
HighAccessCorridor
2,465
14
24
679
16
15
1,230
15
14
CityCentre
KnowledgeandIT
5.1.4.
HousingfortheEconomicallyWeakerSection
Housing for population with annual income of less than INR 150,000 is allocated in high density housing
areas.Theoverallhousingrequirementbyincomegroupsisbaseduponthetotalemploymentgenerated,
which includes all support jobs. Thus, provision of housing for the Economically Weaker Section (EWS) is
includedwithinthisallocation.
AsanadditionalmeasuretoensurethattheEWSreceivetheirshareofhousing,itisproposedthatabout4
percentoftotalhousingprovisionof500,000unitsshouldbereservedassiteandservicesplots(SeeTable
5.3).TheEWSareassumedtobemostappropriatelylocatedintheHighAccessCorridors,incloseproximity
to places of employment. Sites and Services plots would be a good model to follow in the provision of
housingforthissector,astrunkservicesandinfrastructurewillbereadilyavailableinthiscorridor.
Serviced plots could be achieved at relatively low cost by Government, NGOs or other bodies. The plan
recommends that an annual review should be conducted for assessment of adequacy of this initial
provisionandappropriateadditionsbeaccommodatedinthefuturerevisionsofthisplan.
Table53:ProvisionforEWSHousing
PROVISION
DWELLINGUNITS
PERCENTOFTOTAL
PROVISIONUNITS
TotalHousingProvision
500,000
Reservation for Site and Services Scheme for EWS,

locatedinthehighdensityhousingareas
20,000
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5.2. CommunityFacilities
Anextensiverangeofcommunityfacilitieswillbedevelopedtomeettheneedsoftheinhabitantsofthe
DSIR. The new city will be some distance from other urban centres and so will need to be largely self
containedintermsofhealth,education,cultural,Government,sportsandopenspacefacilities.
Community facilities are provided on the basis of catchment area and hierarchy of provision, and an
indicationofpercentoflandprovisioninthelandusezonesthatcontainhousingisgiveninTable5.4.The
provisionnormsaresummarisedinTable5.5(page48),whichindicatesthetypeoffacility,thepopulation
served,theareaoftheunitwhereapplicableandanindicativesitearea.
The principle behind the location of community facilities is that they are situated in the centre of their
respectivecatchmentareas.Soforfacilitiesservingthewholecity,themostappropriatelocationiswithin
themaincitycentre.Facilitiesservingthedistrictsarelocatedwithinthedistrictnodesandfacilitiesserving
smallerpopulationsareembeddedwithinthecommunitiesthattheyserve
Table54:SummaryProvisionofCommunityFacilities
LANDUSEZONE
TOTALLANDAREA
PERCENTLANDUNDER
COMMUNITYFACILITIES
PERCENTLANDUNDER
UTILITIES
Residential
9,780
10
HighAccessCorridor
2,465
15
679
11
1,230
11
CityCentre
Knowledge&IT
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Figure51:LandUseswithHousingAllocation
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Table55:CommunityFacilities
TOWNSHIP
URBAN
STRUCTURE
UNIT
POPULATION
FACILITY
NO.OF
UNITS
UNITAREA
(Ha)
TOTALAREA
(Ha)
Neighbourhood
Populations:
5,000
Education
5,000
Nursery
0.2
0.2
5,000
PrimarySchool
Shopping
5,000
Convenienceshopping(Mixed)
includedinmixeduses
OtherCommunityfacilities
includedinmixeduses
5,000
Religiouscentre
0.2
0.4
5,000
Aanganwari
0.02
0.04
NeighbourhoodPark
0.8
0.8
5,000
Locallevelwastewater
treatmentfacility
0.05
0.05
5,000
Threewheelerandtaxistand
0.02
0.02
Secondaryschool
20,000
CommunityMarket
0.25
0.25
20,000
Informalbazaar
0.1
0.1
Recreational
5,000
Utilities
Community/Sec
tor
Population:
20,000
Education
20,000
Shopping
OtherCommunityfacilities
20,000
BanquetHall
0.4
0.8
20,000
Dispensary/PolyClinic
0.02
0.04
CommunityPark
20,000
UndergroundWaterstorage&
WaterTower
0.2
0.4
20,000
SewagePumpingstation
0.05
0.1
20,000
Electricsubstation(11Kv)
0.008
0.016
Recreational
20,000
Utilities
Population:
100,000
CommunityFacilities
100,000
HospitalC(101bedsto200
beds)
0.51.0
0.51.0
100,000
HospitalD(Upto100beds),
0.20.5
0.20.5
100,000
FamilyWelfarecentre,
0.05
0.05
100,000
PaediatricCentre,
0.02
0.02
100,000
Geriatriccentre
0.02
0.02
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TOWNSHIP
URBAN
STRUCTURE
UNIT
POPULATION
FACILITY
NO.OF
UNITS
UNITAREA
(Ha)
TOTALAREA
(Ha)
100,000
Diagnosticcentre,
0.02
0.02
100,000
Dispensaryforpetanimals
0.02
0.02
100,000
Maternityhome,
0.2
0.4
100,000
NursingHome/Polyclinic
0.2
0.4
100,000
SocioculturalCentre
0.3
0.3
100,000
Multipurposecommunityhall
0.3
0.3
100,000
CinemaHall(LIG)
0.2
0.3
100,000
Policepost
0.05
0.05
ZonalcommercialCentre
100,000
Communitysportscentre
100,000
ZonalPark
100,000
WaterWorkssite(Storing
treatedwater)
100,000
SewagePumpingstation
0.2
0.2
100,000
Electricsubstation(66kv)
0.85
1.7
500,000
Oldagehome
0.3
0.3
500,000
Carecentrefor
physically/mentallychallenged
0.3
0.3
500,000
Workingmenwomenhostel
0.3
0.3
500,000
Orphanage/Children'scentre
0.3
0.3
275,000
ScientificResearchInstitute
275,000
Adulteducationcentre
0.1
0.1
500,000
VocationalTrainingCentre
(ITI/Polytechnic)
0.5
500,000
GeneralCollege
1.5
4.5
500,000
Professionalcollege
Shopping
100,000
Recreational
Utilities
Population:
275,000to
500,000
Residential
Education
CommunityFacilities
500,000
HospitalA(500bedsand
above)
275,000
HospitalB(201bedsto500
beds)
275,000
Veterinaryhospitalforpet
animals
0.2
0.2
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TOWNSHIP
URBAN
STRUCTURE
UNIT
POPULATION
FACILITY
NO.OF
UNITS
UNITAREA
(Ha)
TOTALAREA
(Ha)
275,000
Firestation(57kmradius)
0.5
275,000
PublicLibrary
0.5
0.5
500,000
Policestation
0.5
0.5
500,000
Auditorium
500,000
SocioculturalCentre
500,000
SportsCentre
500,000
Cremationground
0.4
1.6
275,000
DistrictCentre
275,000
Servicemarket
275,000
Playground/openspace
3to500000
CityCentrePark
20
20
500,000
Electricsubstation(132kv)
275,000
SewageTreatmentPlant
10
10
1,000,000
TechnicalEducationCentre
1,000,000
Medical(andparamedical)
College
1,000,000
Schoolformentallyand
physicallychallenged
0.2
0.2
2,000,000
University
40
40
Shopping
Recreational
Utilities
City
2,000,000
Education
CommunityFacilities
1,000,000
TelephoneExchangeand
(RemoteSubscribeUnit)
0.25
0.25
2,000,000
AgriculturalWholesalemarket
10
10
1,000,000
HeadPostOfficeand
Administrativeoffice
1,000,000
CityMuseum
1,000,000
Religiouscentre
1,000,000
Exhibitioncumfairground
10
10
1,000,000
ScienceCentre
10
10
2,000,000
Superspecialityhospital
2,000,000
Jail
2,000,000
PoliceHeadquarters
2,000,000
CityPublicLibrary
2,000,000
InternationalConventional
Centre
50
50
2,000,000
CityAdministrativeComplex
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TOWNSHIP
URBAN
STRUCTURE
UNIT
POPULATION
FACILITY
NO.OF
UNITS
UNITAREA
(Ha)
TOTALAREA
(Ha)
2,000,000
Court
2,000,000
Passengerintermodal
transportfacility
14
14
RegionalRetailCentre/Market
10
10
1,000,000
CityPark
100
100
2,000,000
DivisionalSportsComplex*
30
30
WaterTreatmentPlant
15
30
Shopping
1,000,000
Recreational
Utilities
2,000,000
5.3. CommercialUsesandFormalTourism
5.3.1.
StrategyofProvision
Arangeofcommercialusesincludingretailshops,officesandthehospitalityindustry,whichincludeshotels
and entertainment venues will be allowed in DSIR. The amount of floor space for each activity has been
determinedinstudiesundertakenaspartofthedevelopmentoftheConceptPlanasoutlinedinConcept
MasterPlanreportpreparedbyHalcrow(referpg.25).
5.3.2.
RetailSpace
Amodelwasdevelopedtodeterminethequantumofretailspace,baseduponthepopulationoftheDSIR,
theaveragesizeofhousehold,forecastaverageexpenditureandtheratiosofbrandedtounbrandedretail
andthebreakdownofformalandinformalretailingsectors.Thismodelprovidesanindicationofthesizeof
themarketandtheretailspaceandlandrequirement.
FortheDSIRatotalareaofabout107haisexpectedtoberequiredforretailspaceovertheplanperiod,
distributedaccordingtoahierarchy.Attheleveloftheneighbourhoodprovisionwillincludekiosks,shops
andcommunitymarkets,atthedistrictandarealeveltherewillbelargercommercialcentresandmarkets.
Thehighestlevelofretailprovisionwillbeinthecitycentre.
ThedistributionofretailfloorspacewillbeasshowninTable5.6.
Table56:DemandforCommercialRetailRealEstate
LANDUSECALCULATIONS
NUMBER
BrandedRetailing
BrandedRetailMarketSize(Rs.mn)
19,770
Sales(Rs/Sqft/Year)
9,500
TotalBrandedRetailing(mn.sq.ft)
2.08
UnbrandedRetailing
UnbrandedRetailMarketSize(Rs.mn)
4,612
Sales(Rs/Sqft/Year)
6,500
TotalUnbrandedRetailing(mn.sq.ft)
7.1
FARAssumptions
BrandedRetailing
DSIRDA
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LANDUSECALCULATIONS
NUMBER
UnbrandedRetailing
0.75
LandAreaRequired(ha)
BrandedRetailing
19.33ha
UnbrandedRetailing
87.90ha
TotalLandAreaRequired
5.3.3.
107ha
OfficeSpace
Officeswillberequiredprimarilyfortheindirectemploymentgeneratedasaresultofdirectemployment
inthebaseindustriesandeconomicsectors.Thefollowingsectorswillrequireofficespace:
Transportandstorage
Constructionandinfrastructure
Publicadministration
Utilitycompaniesandinstitutionalbodies
Bankingandfinancialservices.
Itisassumedthatthewholesaleandretailsectorswilloperateoutoftheirownpremises.Thebankingand
financialsectorswilloperateoutofwhatisreferredtoasGradeAspace,thatishighqualitybuildingsin
prestigiouslocationsthatwillbelocatedprimarilyinthemaincitycentre.NonGradeAspacewouldbeto
much lower specifications and would be more widely distributed in other city nodes and high access
corridorsoronlessprominentsiteswithinthecitycentre.
Baseduponthefloorspaceperemployeeofofficespace,whichishigherincaseofGradeAproperties,a
totalrequirementofabout247haisrequired,ofwhichapproximately12%willbeforGradeAspaceand
88%fornonGradeA.Table5.7showsthedemandforcommercialofficerealestate.
Table57:DemandforCommercialOfficeRealEstate
LANDUSAGECALCULATIONS
NUMBER
No.ofPeoplerequiringofficespace
461,333
AverageAreaperperson
GradeA
100.0sq.ft
NonGradeA
60.0sq.ft
CategoryofBuilding
GradeA
12%
NonGradeA
88%
TotalAreaRequirement(mnsqft)
29.92
GradeABuilding
5.6
NonGradeABuilding
24.32
AverageFARAssumption
GradeABuilding
2.5
NonGradeABuilding
TotalLandAreaRequired(ha)
246.76ha
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5.3.4.
HospitalityandTourism
The key driversforhospitalityinDSIRwillbebusinesstravellersconnected with theindustrial,economic

and administrative functions of the new city and tourists visiting existing or new pilgrimage or leisure
destinations.
TourismDemand
TourismgrowthratesinGujarathavebeenverystronginrecentyearsbutthesegrowthratesarelikelyto
leveloffasvisitordestinationsinthearea,suchasPalitana,reachsaturationpoint.Touristnumbersatthe
attractionsnearesttotheDSIR,notablyDholera,Valabhipur,andVelavadarattractrelativelyfewvisitors.
The most significant growth in number of tourists is therefore likely to come from new attractions. The
basis for assessing demand for hotels catering to the leisure segment is given in Table 5.8. The major
attractionsproposedintheDSIRareshowninTable5.9.
BusinessHotels
The hospitality demand from business is related to the size of the economic sector in the local economy
andhasbeencalculatedonthebasisof0.5roomnightsperemployeeasdescribedinConceptMasterPlan.
Thisdemandisbrokenupbycategoryofhotel,adjustedtoreflectcompanyownedfacilitiesandoccupancy
rates.ThebasisforassessingdemandforbusinesshotelsisgiveninTable5.10.
The number of bed spaces to meet the forecast demand from tourism is also broken up by category of
hotel,adjustedtoreflectcompanyownedfacilitiesandoccupancyrates.
Table58:DemandAssessmentforHospitalityLeisure
HOSPITALITYDEMANDASSESSMENTLEISURE
NUMERICAL
DETAILS
TotalTouristsarrivalswithincatchmentofDSIR
2,341,944
Touristarrivalsinthecatchmentregion
(KnightFrankresearch)
70,258
RoomNightdemand@3%totaltourist
arrivals
Total Target Tourists for hotels within DSIR

(Current)
CAGR
3%
TargetTouriststoDSIR(2040)
180,921
AverageDurationofstay(nights)
1.8
TotalRoomnights
325,658
AverageOccupancy
70%
%RoomBreakupstarredandbudget
BASIS
TargettouristtoDSIR
Roomnightdemandoftouristarrivalsin
DSIR:roomnightdemandof1.8asper
hospitalitytrendsintheDSIRinfluencezone
KFResearch&Analysis
StarCategory
50%
KFResearch&Analysis
Budget
50%
KFResearch&Analysis
StarCategory
3,246
Budget
3,246
Total Leisure Hotel Room Demand (all categories)

DSIR + Input for economic mix under tourism
industry
6,492
"LeisureRoomNightdemand@70%
occupancyandinputfromIndustrialmarket
assessmentof5217roomsfortourism"
BreakupofRoomsacrossHotelCategories
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Table59:TourismDestinationsintheDSIR
PROPOSEDACTIVITY
NUMBEROFFACILITIES
AREA/FACILITY(Ha)
TOTALAREA(Ha)
ThemePark
200
200
LargeAquarium
NightSafari
45
45
ExhibitionGrounds
100
100
GolfCourse
70
140
Handicrafts
FilmCity
680
680
ReligiousPlace
40
40
Museum
TotalArea(rounded)
1,220
Table510:DemandAssessmentforHospitalityBusiness
CATEGORY
TotalEmployeePopulation(Number)
RoomNightDemandperEmployee
NUMERICAL
DETAILS
824,663
0.5
BASIS
Industrialmarketresearch,Synovateand
KFresearch
KFResearch&Analysis
TotalRoomNightDemand(Number)
412,332
HotelRoomNightDemand(Number)
329,865
Discounting@20%forroomnightdemand
metbycompanyownedfacilities
%RoomBreakupwithincategories
5Star/5StarD
10%
4Star
10%
3Star
33%
Budget
45%
ServicedApartments
2%
KFResearch&Analysis
Occupancy(%)
5Star/5StarD
70%
4Star
65%
3Star
70%
BudgetHotel
75%
ServicedApartments
60%
KFResearch&Analysis
BreakupofRoomNightDemandacrossHotelCategories
5Star/5StarD
32,987
5Star/5StarDeluxedemandat10%of
totalroomnightdemand
4Star
32,987
4Stardemandat10%oftotalroomnight
demand
3Star
108,856
3Stardemandat33%oftotalroomnight
demand
BudgetHotel
148,439
BudgetHoteldemandat45%oftotalroom
nightdemand
DSIRDA
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CATEGORY
BASIS
NUMERICAL
DETAILS
ServiceApartment
6,597
TotalRoomNightdemand(Number)
ServiceApartmentdemandat2%oftotal
roomnightdemand
329,865
BreakupofRoomsacrossHotelCategories
5Star/5StarD
129
Numberof5StarRoomsat70%occupancy
4Star
139
Numberof4StarRoomsat65%occupancy
3Star
426
NumberofBudgetHotelRoomsat70%
occupancy
BudgetHotel
542
NumberofBudgetHotelRoomsat75%
occupancy
ServicedApartment
30
NumberofServicedApartmentRoomsat
60%occupancy
TotalBusinessHotelRoomDemand
1,267
rooms
Table511:TotalBusinessandTouristHotelRoomsDemandSummary
HOTELCATEGORY
BUAPERROOM
NOOFROOMS
BUILTUPAREA
(SqFt)
1,200
129
154,800
4Star
575
139
79,925
3Star
400
426
170,400
BudgetHotel
350
542
189,700
ServiceApartment
500
30
15,000
StarCategory
750
3246
2,424,500
Budget/ServiceApartments
450
3246
1,460,700
4,505,094
4,495,025
1.2
1.2
BUSINESS
5Star/5StarD
LEISURE
TotalBuiltupArea
AverageFAR
TotalLandAreaforHospitalityDevelopment(ha)
34.88
37.45
ThetotalnumberofroomsandrealestatedemandacrosshotelandtouristcategoriesaregiveninTable
5.11. A summary of the total number of rooms and bed spaces by category for business and leisure are
giveninTable5.12.
DSIRDA
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Table512:SummaryofProvisionCommercialRetail,OfficeandHospitality
LANDUSEZONE
TOTALAREA(HA)
PERCENTAREAUNDERCOMMERCIALUSE
OFFICES/RETAIL
LEISURE/
HOSPITALITY
LIGHTSERVICE
INDUSTRY
Residential
9,780
2%
1%
0%
HighAccessCorridor
2,465
6%
3%
5%
679
14%
3%
0%
KnowledgeandIT
1,230
3%
4%
0%
Recreational,Sportsand
Entertainment
4,500
0%
60%
0%
CityCentre
5.3.5.
SpatialStrategy
CommerciallandusesaredistributedaroundthenewcityasshowninFigure5.2.Thefacilitiesarebroadly
categorisedasfollows:
RetailSpace
Theprimeretailspacerepresentedbymallsandhighqualityshoppingspacewillbeinthecitycentreand
the district centres. Other local centres and markets located in residential areas and the high access
corridors will accommodate the more day to day needs of consumers, particularly food shopping and
conveniencegoods.
OfficeSpace
Thehigherqualityofficespace(GradeA)willbelocatedprimarilyinthecitycentre.Otherofficeswillbe
locatedinthedistrictcentresoralonghighaccesscorridors.
Hotels
Businesshotelsshouldbelocatedwithinthecitycentreordistrictcentres.Lowerqualityhotelsshouldbe
locatedinthehighaccesscorridorsclosetothemainindustrialandemploymentcentres.Touristhotelswill
belocatedclosetoeachofthetouristattractions.
DevelopmentsrelatedtoTourism
Largescaletouristdevelopmentssuchasafilmcityorotherthemeparkarelocatedonthenorthernedge
ofDSIR,withanadjoiningCBDanddirectaccessoffagradeseparatedaccessroadfromtheexpressway.
Thislocationisalsoincloseproximitytotheproposedinternationalairport.
ResortdevelopmentislocatedontheeasternedgeofthesiteadjoiningtheCRZontheGulfofKhambat.
These developments will be lowintensity land uses that will respect the sensitive natural ecology of the
CRZ.
Additionally,areserveareaisallocatedforfurtherfutureexpansionoftourism,entertainmentandsports
relatedusesonthesouthernedgeofDSIR.Thislandwillremainagricultureuseuntilrequired.
DSIRDA
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Figure52:LandUseswithCommercialAllocations
DSIRDA
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5.4. Industry
5.4.1.
IndustrialLandProvision
Thestrategy forthedevelopmentofindustryandothereconomicsectorsin DSIRisbasedupondetailed

studies undertaken in the preparation of the Development Plan and described in Report for Industrial
MarketPotentialandCriticalGapAssessment,preparedbyHalcrow(referpage12).
The proposed mix of industrial activities is based upon a focus on those sectors that meet the following
criteria:
WhereDSIRoffersacomparativeeconomicadvantage;
WhereDSIRprovidesthebenefitbyitslocation;
IndustriesthatcanbelocatedinDSIRwithoutanadverseaffectuponthelocalenvironment;
WherethesamesectorsarenotalreadybeingtargetedfordevelopmentelsewhereinGujarat.
ThefollowingindustrialandeconomicsectorsarebeingtargetedfordevelopmentinDSIR,giveninorderof
importanceaccordingtothegenerationofemployment:
Electronics,HighTechandEmergingTechnologies
PharmaceuticalsandBiotechnology
HeavyEngineering
AutomobileandAutoAncillaryIndustries
GeneralManufacturing
Tourism
AgroandFoodProcessing
MetalsandMetallurgicalProducts
IT/ITES
Education
Inaddition,small,lightandcottageindustrieswillbeexpectedtodevelopinresponsetotherequirements
ofthemainindustrialsectorsandthegrowingurbanpopulation.
Thelandrequirementsofthemaineconomicsectors,employmentpotentialwithintheregionaregivenin
Table5.13.
5.4.2.
SpatialStrategy
The distribution of the main industrial zones is shown on Figure 5.3. The strategy allocates the land for
industrialusesinanumberoflarge,linkedblocksofindustrialzonesormegaparks.Thedetailedstrategy
fortheIndustrialMegaParkisgiveninthereportonTechnoeconomicFeasibilityfortheMegaIndustrial
Park.
Theindustrialmegaparksareallaccessedfromthearterialroadsoriginatingfromthecentralexpressway
andarewellconnectedwitheachotherbyanetworkofmainroads.Thelogisticszoneiscentrallylocated
so that it can serve all industrial activities equally well and is connected to both the rail and main road
networks.
Smaller areas are also required to be set aside for the development of small workshops and businesses.
Thesecanbelocatedeitherontheedgeofthemainindustrialareasorwithinthemixedusezones.
DSIRDA
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Table513:LandAllocationforIndustry,KnowledgeandIT
INDUSTRYSECTOR
AREAREQUIRED
(HA)
EMPLOYMENTDENSITY
(PERHECTARE)
440
96
IT/ITES
20
365
Electronics, Hitech & Emerging Technologies/Value Adding

Industries
1,360
64
Automobile&AutoAncillary
1,990
22
340
81
2,250
20
Metals&MetallurgicalProducts
480
24
Pharmaceuticals&Biotechnology
1,120
44
200
SubtotallandrequiredforIndustryandLogistics
8,200
NA
TotalProvisionforIndustryandLogistics
11,661
NA
TotalProvisionforKnowledgeandIT
1,230
NA
Agro&FoodProcessing
HeavyEngineering
Logistics
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Figure53:Industrial.LogisticsandKnowledgeZones
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5.5. OpenspaceandRecreation
5.5.1.
Provision
Inordertoensurethatthecityisanattractiveanddesirableplacetolive,ahighproportionofthecityis
plannedaspublicparks,openspacesandlandscapedroadsandcorridors.
Figure 5.4 (page 63) shows the major areas of green and open space proposed but there will be smaller
areasofrecreationalspaceinallresidentialandindustrialareas.Table5.14indicatespercentprovisionof
localopenspacewithinlandusezone whichexhibithousing.Openspacewillcompriselakesand canals,
formalparksandsportsgroundsandpitches,informalopenspaceandlandscapedareasalongsideroads.
Table514:SummaryofLocalOpenSpaceProvision
LANDUSEZONE
PERCENTOFLANDUNDERLOCALOPENSPACE
Residential
10
HighAccessCorridor
10
CityCentre
18
Knowledge&Logistics
17
5.5.2.
WaterfrontDevelopment
Aunifyingthemeofthenewcityisthecreationofanumber
ofattractivelakesandcanalsinordertocreatethe
potentialforwaterfrontdevelopment.Thiswillbeachieved
bydeepeningandwideningexistingrivercoursesand
floodplains,whichwillnotonlyprovidestorageareasfor
floodwatersbutprovideastronglandscapefeaturethat
willhavevalueforrecreation.Ifdeepenough,thelakesmay
havepotentialtostorefreshwaterforthecity,asinthe
caseofthecityofUdaipur.
Perhapsequallyimportant,thelakesandcanalswillalso
havesignificantvisualappeal,increasingthemarketability
ofhousingalongthewaterfront.Theproposednetworkof
lakesandcanalswillbelinkedbyanumberofattractive
urbanparksandtreelinedroadsandsmallparks,sothat
theoverallappearanceofthenewcityisoneofspaceand
greenery,unlikemostindustrialtownships.
Theplanprovidesopportunitiesfordevelopmentof
waterfrontswithvaryingcharacterinmultiplelocations
withintheCity:
EcosensitivetourismdevelopmentintheResorts
zone,alongtheCRZboundary;
Series of interconnected neighbourhood parks
andgardenswithintheResidentialZone,inareas
adjacenttotheGreenSpaceandCanals;
Commercial food streets, retail courts and public
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activity arenas in the City Centre Zone, in areas

adjacenttotheGreenSpaceandCanals;
Creationofartificiallakefrontbybundingportion
oftheCRZzoneadjacenttotheKnowledgeandIT
Zone.
5.6. AgricultureZonesandReserveLand
Approximately14percentofthetotalsitearea,totallingover12,804hawillberetainedasfarmlandforthe
shortterm.Thislandisnotrequiredfordevelopmentuntilthecitygrowsbeyondapopulationofabout2
million inhabitants. Of this, about 6,835 ha are allocated for expansion of industrial and tourism related
uses,howeverthesereserveswillbeopenedfordevelopmentonlyafterthecurrentlandallocationunder
theseusesareexhausted(SeeFigure5.4onnextpage)
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Figure54:OpenSpaces
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CHAPTER6
TRANSPORT
6.1.
Introduction
64
6.2.
EstimatedTrafficDemand
64
6.3.
DevelopmentStrategyExternallinks
65
6.4.
AnIntegratedTransportStrategyfortheCity
67
6.5.
DescriptionofRoadCategories
72
6.6.
RoadJunctions
82
6.7.
ThePublicTransportStrategy
86
6.8.
ChoiceofMassTransportModeforDSIR
87
6.9.
IntegratedMultimodalTransportSystem
88
6. Transport
6.1. Introduction
AprincipleelementforthesuccessoftheDSIRwillbeimprovedconnectivitytotherestoftheState,tothe
DFCandotherregionsintheDMICinfluencearea.Alongwithimprovedregionalconnectivity,anefficient
publictransportationsystematacitylevelwillensureasustainablecity.
6.2. EstimatedTrafficDemand
The patronage of public and private transport has been assumed as 70% and 30 % respectively and the
modeshareforvehiclesisasgiveninTable6.1and6.2.ThisassumptionisbasedontheStudyonTraffic
andTransportationPoliciesandStrategiesinUrbanAreasinIndiabytheMinistryofUrbanDevelopment;
May2008,alsosupplementedbythepastexperienceoftheConsultantsinIndiancitiessimilartoDSIRin
termsofsize.
Thepeakhourfactor(PHF)hasbeenassumedas0.1andpeakdirectionalfactorhasbeenassumedas0.55;
Even though the PHF for external linkages is 5.5% to 7.5%; the PHF for DSIR roads is assumed as 10%
becauseforexternalroads,trafficisdistributedthroughoutthedaywhileforurbanroadstraffichaspeak
hourcharacteristics.
Vehiculartripsforthepassengervehiclesisestimatedbytaking populationasthe baseandapplyingthe
adopted per capita trip rate, modal shares and occupancy factors. The Per Capita Trip Rate (PCTR) was
assumedtobe0.04forinternalexternalinternaland1.8forexternalinternalexternal.
The adopted occupancies for passenger and freight vehicles and traffic studies undertaken for demand
assessmentareenlistedintheAppendixF.
The travel demand is estimated for three categories, namely trips generated from the DSIR to the
surrounding cities/region, trips generated from the surrounding cities/regions to the DSIR and the trips
withintheDSIR.TheTable6.3showsestimatedtripsperdayforallthethreetypesofmovement.
Based on these trips, strengthening of external linkages is recommended (See Table 6.4). Trips from the
DSIRtooutsideareexpectedtoberelativelylowbecausemostpeoplewillworkandresidewithintheDSIR.
Theinternalroadhierarchyandwidthsarebaseduponthetripforecasts.Theforecastssuggestthatabout
halfofalltrafficwillbefromthenorth;thatisfromAhmedabad,Vadodaraandthesiteoftheproposed
airport.Anequalshareoftrafficwillbefromthesouthandeast,notablyfromBhavnagarandPipavavport.
Table61:PublicPrivatePatronageandModeShareforExternalInternalTrips
PRIVATE
PUBLIC
70%
30%
2W
Car
Taxi/Other
SharingJeep
Cycle
Bus
Train
30%
20%
10%
20%
20%
15%
85%
Table62:PublicPrivatePatronageandModeShareforInternalTrips
PRIVATE
PUBLIC
45%
55%
2W
Car
IPT
Walk
Cycle
Bus
Train
22%
13%
4%
33%
27%
15%
85%
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Table63:PreliminaryPerdayTrafficEstimates
MODE
INTERNALEXTERNALTRIPS
PHASEI
PHASEII
PHASEIII
EXTERNALINTERNALTRIPS
PHASEI
PHASEII
PHASEIII
INTERNALINTERNALTRIPS
PHASEI
PHASEII
PHASEIII
PrivateTransport
2W
4500
9000
4500
5200
10000
5400
61400
133500
72700
Car
3000
6000
3000
3500
6800
360
36800
80100
43600
IPT
4500
9000
4500
5200
10100
5400
12300
26700
14500
Cycles
3000
6000
3000
3500
6700
3600
73600
160200
87200
PublicTransport
Bus
5250
10500
5250
6000
11800
6200
92000
200300
109100
Train
29750
59500
29750
34500
67000
35500
337600
734200
399800
TotalTrips
Private
15000
30000
15000
17400
33800
17900
184100
400500
218100
Public
35000
70000
35000
40600
78800
41700
429700
934500
508900
Total
50000
100000
50000
58000
112600
59600
613800
1335000
727000
6.3. DevelopmentStrategyExternallinks
6.3.1.
Ports
DSIRwillnotgeneratesufficienttrafficbyitselftojustifythedevelopmentofanewport,whichinanycase
cannotbelocatedwithintheDSIRbecauseofthepotentialKalpasardamproject.Theindustriesthatwillbe
attractedtotheDSIRwillundoubtedlygenerateporttrafficintheformofimportandexportcontainers.
Howevertherewillbenobulkcargoflowsof,coal,cementclinker,orLNGforexample,forwhichacaptive
jettywouldberequired.
ThechoiceofportbybusinessesinDSIRdependstoalargeextentontheoverallsupplychainlogisticcost
anditisnotnecessarilythecasethatthetrafficwillleaveorarriveatDSIRthroughtheclosestport.Port
choicemightbedrivenbydestinationconstraintsforexportcargowhere,forexample,thatdestinationis
onlyservicedbyanIndianportthatisnottheclosestonetoDSIR.
The strategy adopted in the Draft Development Plan is to recommend the upgrading of connections to
existing container terminals in the area at Pipavav, Mundra and the container terminals in Mumbai. The
connectivity provided by the existing container terminals is attractive to shippers since the ports have
establishedshippingservicesandportrelatedinfrastructure.Theseimprovementswillbetobothroadand
railconnections.
6.3.2.
Rail
RegionalfreightandpassengerrailserviceswillplayanimportantroleinconnectingtheDSIRwiththerest
ofthecountryandtheDFC.
HighPriorityProjects
IndianRailwaysisintendingtoconverttheexistingmetregauge(MG)raillinefromAhmedabadtoBotad,in
tobroadgauge (BG). The implementationofthisprojectis criticaltothe developmentof DSIR. Although
thelineisnotwithintheDSIR,itisthenearestrailwayline,thecloseststationsbeinglocatedatDhanduka
tothenorthwestandBhimnathtothewest.
ItisproposedthataBGlooplinebeconstructedfromthisexistinglinetoDholera,soastoprovideadirect
linkfromDSIRtotherestoftheIndianRailwaysystem,includingadirectconnectionAhmedabad.
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Subjecttotheassessmentoftheroute,itisanticipatedthatthelooplinewouldleavetheexistingrailway
linesouthofDholkaandtravelviathenewinternationalairportsiteatNavagamandthenroutewestwards
torejointheexitingrailwaylineatBhimnath.Itisproposedthattheloopwouldhavealinkeastwardsfrom
the Vataman area to join the existing rail lines at Petlad, so providing rail connections to Anand and
VadodraandtotheDFCasshownonFigure6.1.
Toensurethatthenewlinesareofadequatecapacitytoaccommodatebothfreightandpassengerservices
andcanoperatefastandfrequentservices,itisproposedthattherightofway(ROW)oftheconvertedand
newBGlinesshouldallbewideenoughtoaccommodatedoubletracks.Attheoutset,bridgeswouldbe
providedwithROWfordoubletrackbutonlyonetrackwillbeconstructedinthePhase1development.
Ahmedabadhasplanstodevelopametrosystemfromthemetropolitanareaandtherearealsoschemes
to connect the proposed new airport near Navagam, Pachcham and Valinda to Ahmedabad by rail. The
proposedBGlinetoDSIRcouldberoutedviatheairportsiteifthatisfoundfeasible.
RelatedProjects
Indian Railways are doubling the existing BG line from Pipavav port northwards, which will increase rail
capacity from there to Dholera and thus increase the speed and reliability of freight services to the DSIR
andthusstrengthenitsattractivenessasanindustriallocation.
6.3.3.
RoadConnectivity
TheGovernmentrecognisestheimportanceofconnectivityandthereforehasinitiatedplanstodevelopa6
lanedualcarriagewayhighway(withprovisionforupgradationto10lanes)betweenDSIRandAhmedabad
andBhavnagarandupgradetheexistingNationalHighwaysandrailroutestoPipavavPort.
Baseduponthetrafficflowsforecastinthetrafficstudies,improvementtothekeyStateHighwayslinking
DSIRtothewiderregionisrecommended,asgiveninTable6.4.
Table64:RecommendedStrengtheningoftheRegionalRoadNetwork
PERIOD
SH6(SOUTH)
SH20(LIMBDI)
SH6(NORTH)
SH8(WATAMAN)
Phase1
2LPavedShoulders
2LPavedShoulders
Phase2
Phase3
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Figure61:ProposedRailNetwork
6.4. AnIntegratedTransportStrategyfortheCity
A multimodal transport strategy for DSIR is proposed covering both public and private transport. This
requiresagoodsystemofroads,footpathsandcycletracks,andarangeofpublictransportsystemsthat
arematchedtothelevelofdemands.
6.4.1.
TheRoadSystem
AllplannedroadsinDSIRareclassifiedinorderthatthenetworkwillworkefficiently.Classificationisbased
ontheavoidanceofconflict,byseparatingroadsservingdifferentpurposesfromeachotherandfromnon
road uses. This consideration is not only to do with the functional efficiency of traffic flow, but also to
ensurethesafety,amenityandenvironmentalqualityofurbanareas.Theadoptionofahierarchyallows
consistentdecisionstobetakenaboutthedesignandmanagementofaroadorstreetalongitslength.The
classification is based on priority of the different modes and purposes such as freight movement, daily
commutingforworkers,leisuretripsandsoon.Thedivisionoffunctioncanboostefficiencyofthesystem
alongwithensuringsafetyforallusersinvolved.
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Arterial roads are planned to be associated with strategic routes, heavier traffic flows, higher design
speeds,withlimitedaccesstominorroadswithfrontageaccess.Collectorandlocalroadsareplannedtobe
associated with more lightly trafficked, local routes, with lower design speeds and more frequent access
pointsandwithaccesstobuildingfrontages.
ThespatialDraftDevelopmentplanisbaseduponagridironpatternandthetransportnetworkhasbeen
planned such that the roads form a perpendicular junction giving each sector ease of access as well as
divisionintostreetsandareas.Theinternalroadhierarchyandwidthsarebaseduponthetripforecasts.
6.4.2.
RoadHierarchy
CategoriesandhierarchyofroadswiththeirkeydesignfeaturesisindicatedintheTable6.5(Seepage70).
Thesystemcomprisesfiveclassesofroads,asillustratedinFigure6.2:
Expressway;
IndustrialPriorityArterialroads;
Arterialroads;
Collectorroads;
PriorityTruckCollectorRoadsand
Localroads.
Theroadrightofwayforeachcategoryisdescribedbelowwithillustrativeviewsandcrosssections.These
havebeendesignedinlinewiththeinternationalbestpracticesformajorplanneddevelopmentselsewhere
throughouttheworld.
Figure6.3(seepage71)illustratesasamplesector,withitsinternallocalroadsandtheirconnectivitywith
thestrategicroads.
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Figure62:OverallRoadHierarchyintheDSIR
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Table65:ProposedRoadCategoriesandKeyDesignFeatures
ROAD
CATEGORY
RIGHT
OFWAY
DESIGN
SPEED
DESIGN
NUMBER
CAPACITY OFLANES
(PCU/PEAK
HOUR)
6000
6
Expressway
Corridor
250m
(100m
road)
120
Industrial
Priority
Arterial
roads
70m
80
5400
Arterial
roads
55m
80
Collector
Roads
30m
Priority
Truck
Collector
Roads
Local
Roads**
LANE CARRIAGE
WIDTH
WAY
3.75
2way,
divided
3.75
2way,
divided
5400
3.5
2way,
divided
50
2900
3.5
2way,
divided
25m
40
1800
3.5
2way,
divided
20m
30
1800
3.5
2way,un
divided
LEVEL
OF
VEHICULAR
ACCESS
LENGTH
OF
ROADS
(INKM)
No frontage 36.182km
access, cross
traffic
only
through grade
separated
interchanges,
no
standing
vehicles
Limited
43.717
frontage
km
access,
no
standing
vehicles,
minimumcross
traffic
Limited
99.660
frontage
km
access,
no
standing
vehicles,
minimumcross
traffic
Free frontage
116.01
access,
no
km
parked
vehicles
for
type 1, parked
vehicles
for
type 2, heavy
crosstraffic
Free frontage
65.475
access, parked
km
vehicles, heavy
crosstraffic
Free frontage
29.574
access, parked
km
vehicles, light
crosstraffic
*Subarterialcategoryhasnotbeenassignedtoanyroadinthecurrentplan.Baseduponneed,ittheymaybeassignedinfuture.
**Additionallocalroadscanbedesignedasperneedduringthedetailedplanningstageforindividualareas
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Figure63:InternalRoadswithinSectorsandtheConnectivitywiththeStrategicRoads
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6.5. DescriptionofRoadCategories
6.5.1.
Expressway
Expresswaysarethehighestclassofroadsandhavefullcontrolofaccessontothem.Theyareusedforlong
distancetravelatahighspeed.DSIRsitsastridethemainhighwayroutelinkingtheDMICviaAhmedabad
andVadodaratoBhavnagarandPipavavport.Thisroadisplannedtobeupgradedtoexpresswaystandard
aspartoftheDSIRproject.AccesstoandfromtheAhmedabadPipavavexpresswayistobeprovidedonly
throughgradeseparatedinterchangesorlefton,leftoff,sliproads.Accesstolandusestotheeastofthe
expresswayisnotallowedfortheentirelengthofDSIRinordertoensurethatthereisnoconflictbetween
throughandlocaltraffic.Aserviceroadisnotprovidedbecauseitisintendedthatallplotsadjoiningthe
expresswayfromtheeastwillhavetheiraccessthroughthenetworkofindustrialroadsinthecity.Aright
ofwayforarailwaylineseparatestheexpresswayfromtheplotstothewest,sotherewillbenoaccessto
theseplotsfromtheexpresswayonthissideaswell.TheexpresswaythroughDSIRwillthereforebesimilar
incharactertotheexistingAhmedabadVadodaraexpressway.Bynotprovidingserviceroads,thewidth
oftherightofwaycontainingtheexpresswaywillbesignificantlyreduced,thussavingbridgingcosts.
TheproposedroadcrosssectionoftheexpresswayisforadualcarriagewayhighwaywithanoverallRoW
of250m.Thiswillbecapableofaccommodatingamaximumoftenlanes,ifsuchprovisionwereevertobe
required.Theinitialconfigurationwillbetwolanesineachdirection,eachlanewidthbeing3.75mwitha
hardshoulderof2.5moneitherside.Oneadditionallaneineitherdirectionwouldbeprovidedatalater
stage by reducing the width of the central median from 6m to 2m. If required, additional lanes in either
directioncouldbeachievedbyconvertingthehardshoulderintoadditionalcarriageways.Adesignspeedof
120km/hrisproposedfortheexpressway.
ARoWof50misreservednexttoexpresswayforatwintrackbroadgaugerailwayline.Theraillineand
expresswaywouldthusshareacombinedrightofwayastheCentralTransportCorridorof250mROW.
SevenjunctionsareproposedontheportionoftheexpresswaywithintheDSIR,eachbeingabout4kms
apart. The inner four
junctions will be four
way junctions, with
slips roads leaving the
main road and over
bridgesbeingprovided
to take traffic into
special
investment
region. The outer
northern junction and
the outer southern
junction will be more
limited,withleftinand
leftoutmovements.
Figure 64:IllustrativeViewCentralTransportCorridor
ThefirstjunctiontobeconstructedwillbeatDholera,soastoactasagatewaytoDSIR.Thisjunctionwill
allowtrafficfromDhandukatocrossovertheexpresswayandenterthatpartofthenewcitytotheeastof
the expressway. In addition, two grade separated junctions may be required on the junction of rail and
arterialroadstothewestoftheexpresswaywhentrafficlevelsjustifytheirprovision.
Figures6.4and6.5illustrateaviewandcrosssectionoftheCentralTransportCorridorrespectively
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Figure65:RoadCrossSectionCentralTransportCorridor
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6.5.2.
IndustrialPriorityArterialRoads
IndustryPriorityArterialroadsareprovidedfortheefficientmovementofindustrialtrafficfromindustrial
zonestotheexpressway.Theyaredualcarriagewayroadsthatwillfacilitatethemovementofhightruck
trafficvolumestotheexpressway.The70mwidecorridorallowsforaprovisionofatransitlanewithinthe
RoW.Thiswouldaidthemovementofindustrialworkerstotheirjoblocations.
Figure6.6showsaviewand6.7illustratesacrosssectionoftheIndustryPriorityArterial.Aportionofthe
plantingstriponeithersideoftheroadmaybeutilisedasanadditionallaneifexpansionofthiscorridoris
requiredinthefuture.
Figure66:IllustrativeViewIndustrialPriorityArterialRoad
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Figure67:RoadCrossSectionIndustrialPriorityArterialRoad
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6.5.3.
ArterialRoads
Arterialroadsareprovidedfortheefficientmovementoftrafficwithinthecityandhavearightofwayof
55m.Theyaredualcarriagewayroadsthatwillfacilitatethemovementofhightrafficvolumesandprovide
links between different districts within the city. Traffic signals or roundabout will be provided at the
intersectionsoftheseroadswithcollectorroads.
Access to land uses on one or both sides of the arterial roads can be provided through a service road in
ordertoseparatethelowspeedlocaltrafficfromthehigherspeedtraffic.Oncertainarterialroadsthere
will also be provision for public transport. This would normally be on the same side of the road as the
mixedcommercial/residentialareas.Wherethearterialroadisprovidedwithastreettram,therewillbeno
serviceroadonthatsideofthestreetthetramwillineffect,runonthespacereservedfortheservice
road.
Figure68:IllustrativeViewArterialRoad
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Figure69:RoadCrossSectionArterialRoad
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6.5.4.
CollectorRoads
Thecollectorroadnetworkinterceptstrafficfrominsidethecitydistrictsandfeeditintothearterialroads.
Alltheseroadsarenoncontinuoussincetheirprimaryfunctionistheserviceofdistrictsandtheirdesignis
toconnectwithlocalroads.
The proposed cross section of these collector roads requires a rightofway of 30m, which comprises a
divided dual 2lane carriageway with a lane width of 3.5m and separate cycletracks and pedestrian
footpathsandanarrowmedian.
Figure610:IllustrativeViewCollectorRoad
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Figure611:RoadCrossSectionCollectorRoads
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6.5.5.
TruckPriorityCollectorRoads
Within the Industrial Zone, the 25m wide collector roads would be truck priority routes. These routes
originate from the Expressway and are designed to prioritise heavy truck traffic with larger and heavier
loads.Feedingintothetruckpriorityroutesarethe20mwidelocalroadswhichhavebeenplannedinthe
formofloopssoastorestrictthemovementofthetruckswithintheIndustrialParkextents.
Roadswithrestrictedtruckaccessindicatepriorityroutesforalllighttraffic(withalimitedaccessforthe
servicetrucksduringnonpeakhoursoftheday).Theseroutesareintendedtoprovidesafeaccessofthe
passengertraffictothemixeduseresidentialareasandalsothevillagesettlements.
This Figure 6.12 illustrates a view of Collector Road and Figure 6.13 illustrates the crosssection for the
TruckPriorityCollectorroads.Localroadswithintheindustrialparkarealsodesignedwithheavytrafficin
mindandculdesacshavebeenavoidedinthenetwork.
Figure612:IllustrativeViewInternalCollectorRoad
Figure613:CrossSectionInternalCollectorRoad
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6.5.6.
LocalRoads
Localroadsprovideservicesatthedestinationofthevehiculartrips.Theyarethelowestclassificationof
thecityroadhierarchyandwillhavelowtrafficvolumes.Theproposedrightofwayis20m.Localroadsare
asingle2lanecarriagewaywithalanewidth3.65m,providedwithparallelonstreetparkingoneachside
oftheroad.
Figure6.14illustratestheviewandFigure6.15illustratesthecrosssectionofalocalroad.
Figure614:IllustrativeViewLocalRoad
Figure615:RoadCrossSectionLocalRoad
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6.6. RoadJunctions
RoadjunctionsinDholeraSIRareplannedinsuchawaythatvehiculartrafficgoingindifferentdirections
can proceed in a controlled manner to minimize accidents. In some cases, vehicles can change between
differentroutesordirectionsoftravel.
MainlytwokindsofjunctionsareplannedinDSIR:
Intersectionswhichdonotusegradeseparation(theyareatgrade)androadsarecrossingdirectly.
Forms of these junction types include roundabouts and traffic circles, priority junctions, and
junctionscontrolledbytrafficlightsorsignals;
Gradeseparatedinterchanges,whereroadspassaboveorbelowoneanother,preventingasingle
point of conflict by utilising grade separation and slip roads. The term Expressway Interchange is
typicallyreferredtothislayoutincaseofDSIR.
Thetrafficatmostofthejunctionswillbecontrolledbyeitherusinggradeseparatorsortrafficsignals.The
mainfourcentraljunctionsontheexpresswayandtwojunctionsclose totherailwayinthewestwill be
gradeseparated(SeeFigure6.16).
Thesignalizedintersectionsareplannedonarterialandsubarterialroadswherethetrafficvolume(above
approximately 100 to 1200 vehicles per hour) will warrant traffic signal to ensure the safe crossing of
vehiclesandpedestrians.Figure6.16indicateslocationsofjunctionswithintheroadnetworkandFigures
6.17to6.19illustratethebroadcirculationconceptofmajorjunctiontypes.
6.6.1.
JunctionCapacities
Adequate roadway capacity at any junction is desirable. Widening of both the highway and intersecting
roadway may be warranted to reduce the delays caused by intersections controlled by traffic signals.
Wideningofintersectingroadwayisoftenbeneficialtooperationofmainhighwaybecauseitreducesthe
signal time that must be assigned to side street traffic. In urban areas the effect of widening can be
achievedbyeliminationofparkingatintersectionalapproaches.Itisdesirabletohaveatleasttwolanesfor
moving traffic on each approach to a signalised intersection. Additional width may be necessary on the
leaving side of the intersection as well as on the approach side, in order to clear traffic through the
intersectioneffectively.Atrafficsignalwillneedtobeprovidedifwarrantedbyminimumvehicularvolume
orinterruptionofcontinuoustrafficorminimumpedestrianvolume.Minimumvehiclesof800perhourin
caseofmajorstreetsand1200vehiclesperhourforinterruptionofcontinuoustrafficarethewarrantsfor
provisionoftrafficsignals(Source:IRC106:1990).
The capacity of interchanges is increased with proper planning of all the components of interchange. It
startswithspeedchangelanes,tapersandislands.FreeflowtyperampterminalsareplannedinDSIRfor
theExpresswaywhereramptrafficmergeswithentranceterminalordivergesfromexitterminal.
6.6.2.
MinimisingTrafficConflict
Conflictsbetweendifferentmodesoftransportwillbeminimisedmainlybytheroadhierarchy.Thelocal
roadswillprovideaccess toadjoining propertiesandmostofthetripsoriginateorterminatefrom these
roads.Theselocalroadswillallowunrestrictedparkingandpedestrianmovements.Thecollectorroadswill
collecttrafficfromthelocalroadsandfeedtosubarterialorarterialroads.
Thesubarterialroadsarelocatedinresidentialneighbourhoods,businessorindustrialareas.Thearterial
roadswillcarrymainlythroughtraffic.Significantintraurbantrafficsuchasbetweenthecitycentresand
commercialnodeswillbeservedbyarterialroads.Arterialroadswillalsoprovidetheonlyconnectionwith
the expresswayandwillcollectand distributethroughtrafficandminimise conflictfrom subarterialand
collectorroads.
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Figure616:MajorJunctionsonRoads
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DraftDe
evelopmentPlan(D
DDP)
Figure6
617:Junction
non30mWid
deCollectorRo
oad
Figure
e618:Junctio
onon55mWiideArterialRo
oad
pmentAutho
ority,Gandhinagar
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DraftDe
evelopmentPlan(D
DDP)
Figure619:G
GradeSeparattedJunctiono
onthe250mWideCentraalTransportCorridor(Expre
esswayCorrid
dor)
pmentAutho
ority,Gandhinagar
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6.7. ThePublicTransportStrategy
The public transport for DSIR has been planned based on the estimated demand, matched to the most
efficientwayofmeetingthatdemand.Demandisbaseduponestimatesofpeakhourpassengertripsand
passengerperhourpeak direction,basedonthepopulationandemploymentforecasts asgivenin Table
6.6.
The mass transport systems will play a crucial role in connecting the DSIR to the surrounding region and
urban centres from the initial stages of development. An integrated multimodal system will be evolved
withamasstransportsystemonarterialroutessupplementedbyfeedersystemsofbusesonotherroutes.
Table66:TripForecast
PHASE
PASSENGERPEAKHOURPERDIRECTION(PPHPD)
PhaseI
9874
PhaseII
31353
PhaseIII
43056
6.7.1.
TransitModesforLowDemandCorridors
BusMixedwithotherRoadTraffic
Although buses, whether petrol, diesel or CNG driven, when mixed with other traffic tend to slow, they
provideaveryflexiblepublictransportsystemthatcanbequicklyintroducedinanycorridorwithoutthe
needforsignificantinvestmentininfrastructure.Buseswillcaterforlowlevelsofdemanduptoabout2000
PeakHourPeakDirectionTraffic(PHPDT),whichequatesto40busesperhour,assumingacapacityof50
personsperbus.
BusLanes
On corridors where the demand level exceeds the capacity of the buses operating in mixed traffic
conditions, bus lanes will be introduced. Roads in these corridors have adequate width to accommodate
theselanes.Thiswillimprovethetravelspeedandthusthecarryingcapacityofbusesandthequalityof
service. The main requirement is a share in the road space marked exclusively for buses, together with
preferential signalling at the road intersections. Depending upon the level of exclusivity provided, the
capacitycanbeincreasedupto10,000PHPDT.
Busesandbuslanesareexpectedtoremainasanimportantcomponentofdevelopingthemasstransport
systeminDSIRbeforeahighercapacitysystemisintroduced.Evenafterthispoint,busesandbuslaneswill
actasafeedersystemtotheLightRailTransitsystem.
6.7.2.
ProposedTransitModesforMediumDemandCorridors
Thechoicehereiseitheraroadbasedtrolleybussystemorarailbasedtramorlightrailtransit(LRT).The
capacityofallofthesesystemscanbegraduallyincreasedasthedemandgrowsbyincreasingtheportions
oftheexclusiverightofwayandthelengthoftheunit.
Atrolleybussystemistheleastcostbutlowestcapacityoptionandthelightrailtransitthemostcostlybut
offers the highest capacity. At grade, a tram requires the equivalent width of 2 lanes while a busway
requires3to4lanesofroadway.ThecapacityofaLRTisdoubletothatofastandardbusandthelifeofthe
vehiclethreetimesthatofabus.
The technology and operation of all of these modes is well developed so that reliable services can be
providedforanyofthethreeoptions.
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6.7.3.
TransitModesforhighdemandlevelroutes
RapidRail/Metroispreferredonacorridoronlywhenthedemandisexpectedtobebeyond25,000PHPDT.
To derive the full benefit from the high capacity metro rail, it is necessary to provide mass transport
servicesonothercorridorsintheareatofeedintothemetrorail.
Rapidrailsystemsareusuallybasedontheheavyrailtechnology.Thesecanbeintegratedwiththeinter
city rail network to provide a commuter rail option. Metros on the other hand, are lighter systems with
smallerprofilesandshortercoaches.
6.8. ChoiceofMassTransportModeforDSIR
Inthefirstphaseofdevelopment,awellrunbussystemwillprovidetheleadtimerequiredtoformulate
andimplementahighercapacitysystem.Inthelongerrun,atrolleybusorrailbasedtramsystemarethe
alternative choices to complement the existing bus system in order to provide higher carrying capacity,
faster,smootherandsafertravel,aswellasofferingnonpollutingandenergyefficientsystems.Choiceofa
street running tram would also be the preferred system over a metro because it is less costly but offers
good capacity and convenience and a good public image. A trolley bus system would offer a less costly
alternativetothetram.
Thecapacityofeithersystemcanbegraduallyincreasedasthedemandgrowsbyincreasingthelengthand
frequencyofthetramsortrolleybuses.
The alignments of the main public transport corridors have a geometry that will involve right angled
deflections which will necessitate the introduction of sharp curves with a radius of the order of 50m. A
standard or metre gauge tram system commonly used overseas can easily cope with such curves. The
systemwillfunctionasacaptiverailwaywithnodirectinterconnectivitywiththeproposedIndianRailways
BGlineotherthanastopandtransferatthemultimodalpassengerstationlocatedinthemaincitycentre.
6.8.1.
DescriptionofTramRoutes
Any public transit system will be successful and commercially viable only if tied closely to the land use
patterns.ThehighcapacitytramnetworkinDSIRisproposedtolinkthemainresidentialpartsofthecityto
eachother,thecommercialcentres,andthemainemploymentareas.Thedelineationofthetransitroute
wasconceivedintandemtotheHighAccessCorridorlandusecategory,whichisplannedasahighdensity
residentialandcommercialservicezone.
Oncedemandapproachesviablelevelsinthecity,threepotentialtramroutesareproposedforstudy as
follows:
BlueLine:20kminlength(22stations)
GreenLine:43kminlength(47stations)
Yellow:32kminlength(36stations)
TheGreenLineformsaloopalongtheproposedindustrialandmixedlanduseareasandconnectsthewest
ofthecitytotheeastovertheexpressway.TheYellowLinewillrunonthewesternsideoftheDSIRnorth
southviathemainCBDandrailwayandbusstationsatDholera.TheBlueLinewillstartatthemainCBD
andrailandbusstationsandrunsouthwardsthroughtheindustrialandresidentialareasoftheDSIRonthe
eastern side of the expressway. All three LRT lines will interconnect with each other, thus providing a
networkofstreetrunningtramsasshowninFigure6.20.
Thetotallengthofthetramrouteisabout95kmwith105stationsonallthreelines,withafewcommon
stations at important junctions. The proposed tram routes are planned to maximise the number of
potentialpassengersusingtheserviceandtoensurethatthemajorityoftheinhabitantsofthenewcitywill
nothavetowalkfartoaccesstherapidtransitsystem.Theaveragedistancebetweenthestationswould
beabout0.9km.
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Tram frequency will be based on the predicted passenger demand. Two car trams will have a total
passengercarryingcapacityofapproximately100120passengers.Passengerdemandsorusagegenerally
fluctuateduringthedayandatweekends,sothatserviceswillbemoreintensiveduringpeakperiodsand
bereducedduringoffpeakperiods.
Note:LocationofTransitstationsareindicative
Figure620:ProposedPublicTransitNetwork
6.9. IntegratedMultimodalTransportSystem
Oneofthe keyfeaturesoftheoveralltransportstrategyisplanningfornonmotorisedtransportsuchas
pedestrians and bicycles in order to provide options other than motorised private vehicles for the city
residents.
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Provision of a robust nonmotorised transport network that is connected to the public transit stations
wouldbecriticalfortheoverallsuccessinpromotingsustainabletransportationoptions.Allroadcategories
therefore have designated sidewalks and bicycle tracks. On local roads and other minor roads, bicycles
would ply in mixed traffic conditions. Figure 6.21 indicates the pedestrian and bicycle network, transit
stationsandopenspaces.
Figure621:PedestrianandBicycleNetworkwithTransitStops
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CHAPTER7
UTILITIES
7.1.
Introduction
90
7.2.
WaterSupply
90
7.3.
WasteWaterManagementSystem
93
7.4.
StormwaterDrainageSystem
99
7.5.
RiverManagementandStrategicFloodControl
102
7.6.
SolidWasteManagementSystem
104
7.7.
Power
111
7.8.
InformationCommunicationTechnology(ICT)/Telecommunication
Network
119
7.9.
ProvisionforIntegratedUtilityNetworkalongRoads
121
7.10.
SmartMetering
123
7.11.
UbiquitousUrbanInfrastructure
123
7. Utilities
7.1. Introduction
Industrialisation of the region and transition of lifestyles from rural to urban will require a massive
expansioninthequantityandqualityofutilityservices.Atthesametime,substantialeffortswillneedtobe
made to conserve resources such as water and recycle waste materials. These aspects have all been
addressedintheconceptualplanningoftheinfrastructureforDSIRandaredescribedinthissectionunder
thefollowingheadings:
Watersupplysourceanddistributionsystem;
Wastewatersystem;
Surfacedrainagesystem;
Solidwastemanagementsystem;
Powersupplytransmissionanddistributionsystem;
Telecommunicationand
Gasgrid
7.2. WaterSupply
7.2.1.
WaterSupplyOptions
StudiesundertakentoevaluateoptionsforthesupplyofwatertotheDSIRconsidered:
TheNarmadaCanal;
PariyejReservoirandKanevalReservoir;
Developmentofreservoirsinandaroundtheprojectarea;
Desalinationofseawater;
GroundWaterand;
TheKalpasarsweetwaterlake.
A summary of this evaluation study is given in Appendix G. The study concluded that tapping of the
Narmada Canal should be considered as the prime source of water for DSIR. Development of water
reservoirsinDSIRcouldalsohelpsupplementthesupplyofrawwaterbutsincetheriversarenotperennial
and remain dry for about 9 months of the year, it will always be necessary to connect and augment the
waterreservoirsfromthetributaryoftheNarmadaCanal.
TheoptionsofusingthePariyejReservoirandKanevalReservoirwasnotconsideredviableonaccountof
thewatersalreadybeingallocatedforotherusers.IncasethesameismadeavailablebytheGovernment
it will be a very valuable source of potable water. Desalination may not be a viable long term option
becauseofthehighcost,especiallysincetheDSIRisataconsiderabledistancefromtheopenseaatlow
tide. However with new development in desalination technology and many creeks available in the area
DSIRwillbealsoexploretheoption.Theuseofgroundwaterwasalsorejectedoncostandalsobecauseof
thelikelypoorqualityofgroundwater.
In the longer term, if and when the Kalpasar dam is constructed, it would provide an alternative water
supplyforDSIRDA.
Sincewaterisscarceinthearea,itisproposedtorecyclethetreatedsewagethroughbiologicaltreatment.
Thiswaterwillbeusedfortheirrigationoflandandgardens,parksandfarmlandinordertoreducepure
waterdemand.
7.2.2.
EstimatedWaterDemand
DevelopmentwithintheprojectareawillbecommensuratewiththestandardslaiddownfortheGujarat
watersupplysystemandtheManualonWaterSupplyandTreatmentbyMinistryofUrbanDevelopment,
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NewDelhi,theManualonSewerageandSewagetreatmentbyMinistryofUrbanDevelopment,NewDelhi,
theNationalBuildingCode(NBC),1983andtheHandbookonwatersupplyanddrainageSP:35(S&T)1987
bytheBureauofIndianStandards.
Based on proposed land uses, water demand has been assessed and is summarised in Table 7.1, based
uponthefollowingassumptions:
150litrespercapitaperday(lpcd)forlowandmediumdensityhousing:
140lpcdforhighdensityhousingandvillages;
40lpcdforthecommercialpopulation;
45lpcdforthefloatingpopulation;
45kilolitresperhaforIndustrialuse;
67kilolitresperhaforirrigationuse(tobemetfromtreatedsewagewater);
Losses15%,firedemandas1%ofwaterdemand
The quality of treated water shall meet the standard set out in the manual on Water Supply and
TreatmentbasedontheCentralPublicHealthandEnvironmentalEngineeringOrganisation(CPHEEO).
Table71:EstimatedTotalWaterDemandforDSIR
CATEGORY
WATERDEMAND
PHASE1
PHASE2
PHASE3
TOTAL
Residential(Target
residents:2million)
74
145
79
298
FloatingPopulation
ExistingVillage
Settlementsand
VillageBuffers
0.4
140
231
120
491
15
223
388
205
816
FreshWaterDemand
225
391
207
824
Losses@15%
34
59
31
123
GrossDemand
259
450
238
947
IndustrialandLogistics
Leisureand
Entertainment
TotalPotableWater
Demand
Firedemand@1%
7.2.3.
ProposedWaterSupplySchemes
The water supply scheme for DSIR has been planned on 60% availability. Two treatment plants will be
providedattwodifferentlocations.TheirlocationisdeterminedbythetopographyoftheDSIRinorderto
exploittheavailablenaturalslope,theavailabilityofwaterandtheproposedphasingplan.
One treatment plant will be located near Ottariya village for Phase 1 and Phase 2 development and the
other treatment plant is proposed near Hebatpur village for Phase 2 and Phase 3 developments. The
treatment plants will be constructed in a modular manner to meet the proposed phasing pattern. The
treatedwaterinthetreatmentplantshallbestoredinclearwaterstoragetanksnearthetreatmentplants.
Thetotallandrequirementforthetwotreatmentplantswillbeabout30ha,including1.5dayscapacityof
treatedwaterstoragetanks.24waterworkssitesareplannedatthesectorlevels,Landrequirementfor
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eachofthe24waterworkssiteplannedatthesectorlevelwillbe0.50ha.Figure7.1illustratesthelocation
ofthesestrategicwatersupplyinfrastructurefacilitiesintheDSIR.
IncaseofrecycledwaterbeingsuppliedbyDSIR,aseparatenetworkwillbeconstructedforthesame.
Figure71:WaterSupplyNetwork
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7.3. WasteWaterManagementSystem
WastewatergeneratedintheDSIRwillbetreatedatsewagetreatmentplants(STPs)andcommoneffluent
treatmentplant(CETPs)toastandardthatenablesittoberecycledfortheirrigationofagriculturalland,
parks and gardens, green spaces, forests and industrial use. The balance treated water would be
transportedandthendisposedoffintothenaturalstreamorwaterbodies.
Theseweragenetworkisplannedtocollectthewastewaterfromthefarthestareasandtransportittothe
treatment plants either by gravity or by pumping. The sewage flow has been based upon a 80% return
factorofthewatersupply.TheDSIRhasbeendividedintoanumberofseweragezonesasshowninFigure
7.2(page95),basedonthebestutilisationoftopography,naturalboundariesandhighways,economicsof
operationandmaintenance.
Theseweragesystemcomprisesthefollowingcomponents:
A main collection system at parcel level to receive wastewater at the outlet point of parcels of land. An
internalsystemofthelandparcelwillbeplannedandexecutedbythedeveloperorowner;
1) TrunksewerscollectingsewagefromseveralareasandconveyingittotheSTPs/CETP;
2) Sewagepumpingstationstotransportsewagetotrunkmainsortreatmentplants;
3) Sewageandcommoneffluenttreatmentplant(STP/CETPs);
4) Irrigationnetworktoreusethetreatedwastewaterforirrigationorindustrialpurposes
5) Outfalldrainstotransporttreatedeffluenttothefinaldisposalpoint;
ThetotalwastewatertobegeneratedintheDSIRispresentedinTable7.2.
Table72:WasteWatergenerationinSIR
CATEGORY
PHASE1(MLD)
PHASE2(MLD)
PHASE3(MLD)
TOTAL
ResidentialPopulation(Targetresidents:
2million)
59
116
63
238
FloatingPopulation
Existingvillageswithinsitewithbuffers
0.3
112
185
96
393
12
TotalWasteWaterGeneration
177
311
164.3
652
ResidentialPopulation(Targetresidents:
2million)
59
116
63
238
LeisureandEntertainment
7.3.1.
SewerageTreatmentScheme
Four STPs and four CETPs have been planned at different locations of the DSIR to treat waste water
generated from the different user groups at decentralized locations so as to best utilise the treated
effluent.SinceDSIRistobedevelopedinthreestages,collectionandtreatmentsystemcanbedesignedin
modulestoassureitseffectiveutilisation.
ExtendedaerationtechnologyforwastewatertreatmentisapopularconventionaltechnologyinIndiaand
providesforagoodqualitytreatmentandthisisproposedasthemostsuitablemethodforDSIR.
The catchment areas for each STP and CETP are shown in Figure 7.2. Proposed locations of treatment
plants & pumping stations with the sewerage network is shown in the Figure 7.3. The capacity of the
treatmentplantsandthelandarearequiredfortheirconstructionhasbeenshownintheTable7.3.
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A number of intermediate sewage pumping stations will be required to boost the wastewater flows
becauseofthetopographyoftheareaandthehighwatertable.Eachintermediatepumpingstationwould
requireabout0.5haofland.
Table73:CapacityofTreatmentPlantsandLandRequirement
TREATMENT
PLANT
TOTALCAPACITY
(MLD)
CAPACITY
PHASE1
PHASE2
PHASE3
LANDREQUIREMENT
(HA)
STPA
15
15
STPB
71
10
61
13
STPC
60
60
10
STPD
71
10
51
10
13
CETP1
82
82
14
CETP2
114
64
50
20
CETP3
95
40
55
16
CETP4
144
45
70
29
25
Total
652
207
301
144
114
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Figure72:SewerageCatchmentArea
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Figure73:SewageSystemFlowNetwork
InfluentQuality
Itisproposedthateffluentdischargedtothesewagesystemwillmeetstrictstandards.Pretreatmenton
sitemayberequiredbycertainprocessesorindustriesbeforetheyarepermittedtodischargetothemain
seweragesystemtotransportittothetreatmentplant/proposedCETPs.Thecharacteristicsofthecommon
effluent can be expected to be as indicated in Table 7.4 after pretreatment by the individual Industries.
HoweverthequalityoftheeffluentindicatedisageneralguideonlyandmayvaryandtheCETPshouldbe
designedtocopewithvariations.
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FinalEffluentQuality
The final effluent from the treatment plants should have the characteristics indicated in Table 7.5 in line
withtheprovisionofIS:2490.
RecyclingofTreatedEffluent
It is proposed to recycle the treated waste water and use for irrigation of land and gardens, parks and
agriculturalfieldsandindustrialuses.IrrigationwaterdemandfortheDSIRisgiveninTable7.6.
ThetotalgenerationofwastewaterintheDSIRwillbe652MLD.TotalirrigationdemandoftheDSIRwould
exceedthisifalloftheagriculturallandwithintheDSIRisirrigatedwithtreatedsewageeffluent(TSE).The
distribution of TSE will therefore need to be determined on a priority basis according to demand. The
recyclingoftreatedeffluentwillrequireaseparatedistributionsystemfromthewastewatercollectionand
treatment system, to be developed on a PPP basis, with and revenue generated by selling the treated
wastewatertodifferentusergroups.
Table74:AssumedPretreatedCommonEffluentCharacteristics
CHARACTERISTIC
ASSUMEVALUE
pH
7.0to7.5
Colour
200300
T.S.S
150mg/l
BOD(5)
250mg/l
COD
450mg/l
Oil&Grease
50mg/l
Table75:StandardsofRecycledWater
USE
PH
BOD5
TSS
Disposalintotheriver
5.59.0
30mg/l
100mg/l
1,000MPN1
On land
purposes
5.59.0
100mg/l
200mg/l
1,000MPN1
for
irrigation
Industrialuse
FAECALCOLIFORMS
Dependinguponthetypeofuse
CharacteristicsofRecycledWater
Thecharacteristicsoftreatedeffluentforrecyclingpurposesdependuponthetypeofuse,andstandards
forthedifferentuseshavebeensummarisedinTable7.5.WaterdemandforirrigationisindicatedinTable
7.6.
Table76:WaterDemandforIrrigation
SR
NO.
OPENSPACEWITHLANDUSE
AREA(ha)
IRRIGATIONDEMAND
(MLD)
AgriculturewithintheDSIR
12804
165
GreenSpaces,lakeswithintheDSIR(30%
areahasbeenconsideredforirrigation)
5848
110
GreenRecreationandSports
2010
135
TotalIrrigationDemand
410
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FinalDisposalofTreatedEffluent
Irrigation demand will not be throughout the year and in the rainy season much of the effluent may be
needed to be disposed off safely into a water body or natural stream. Open channels will need to be
constructedtoreceiveexcesstreatedeffluentfromalltheproposedtreatmentplantsandtransportitto
the Gulf of Khambhat downstream of the proposed location of Kalpasar. Until the Kalpasar dam is
constructed,treatedeffluentcouldbedischargedintothenearbyrivers.Thecharacteristicsofthetreated
effluentthatwillbedischargedareshowninTable7.7.
Table77:AssumedCharacteristicsofUltimateEffluenttobedischarged
CHARACTERISTIC
ASSUMEDVALUE
pH
6.0to8.0
Temperature
Ambient
Oil&grease
<10mg/l
Colour(PCS)
<100unit
B.O.D5
<30mg/l
C.O.D
<250mg/l
Totalsuspendedsolids
<100mg/l
Outletcoliform
7.3.2.
<10000counts/100ml
BroadSummaryofWastewaterRecyclingandReuse
The Table 7.8 presents a summary of the induced fresh water demand, in a scenario where about 31
percentsupplyismetbyreuseofwaterthatisrecycledfromthewastewater.Changeinquantityofwater
lossescomparedtoTable 7.1(page91),from123MLDto110MLDisaccountedtoreducelossesduring
transportationofwaterfromsourceas269MLDoutof824MLDissourcedfromwaterrecycledonsite.
On account of reuse of recycled water, the demand for fresh water thus reduces from 934 MLD to 639
MLD.
Table78:SummaryofWasteWaterRecyclingandReuse
SR.
NO.
DESCRIPTION
WATER
DEMAND
(MLD)
WASTEWATER
GENERATION
(MLD)
REUSE
POTENTIAL
(MLD)
FRESHWATER
DEMAND
(MLD)
ResidentPopulation(target
population:2million)
298
238.4
22.2
275.8
491
392.8
245.5
245.5
LeisureandEntertainment
15
12
14
Existingvillageswithbufferfor
thefuturedevelopment
FloatingPopulation
816
650
269
547
Firedemand@1%
Irrigationdemandforgreen
spaces
andparks
SubTotal
824
650
269
555
Waterlosses@15%onfresh
waterand10%onreusewater*
110
27
83
SubTotal
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SR.
NO.
DESCRIPTION
WATER
DEMAND
(MLD)
WASTEWATER
GENERATION
(MLD)
REUSE
POTENTIAL
(MLD)
FRESHWATER
DEMAND
(MLD)
SubTotal
934
650
296
639
Irrigationdemandforgreenspace
andparks
109
Total
1043
109
650
405
639
7.4. StormwaterDrainageSystem
7.4.1.
PlanningObjectives
ThemainobjectivesofstormwaterdrainageplanningaretodrainthestormrunofffromtheDSIRduring
rainfallandmanagethestormwaterenteringintotheregionfromotherareas.Thisisrequiredtoavoidthe
loss of peoples life and property, to minimize flooding and water logging, to provide flexibility for
development in phases and to provide fully gravitational storm water drainage whenever possible by
utilizingthenaturaltopographyoftheareatakingintoaccountthehighfloodlevelofthereceivingwater
body.
Anotherkeyobjectiveistomanagethequantityofsurfacestormwaterdrainedintothesystemonaccount
ofurbanisation,andmonitoritsqualitytoreducedownstreamenvironmentalimpacts.
The proposed drainage strategy takes into account the size of the DSIR catchment area, drainage
behaviour,rainfallandfloodpatterns,naturalstreamsandchannelsavailableintheDSIRandthevolumeof
waterenteringintotheprojectarea.Thestrategywillinclude:
Floodcontrolmeasuressuchastheformationofsmallcheckdamsatdesiredlocationsbasedon
contours;
Augmentationandmaintenanceofnaturalstreamsandriversbydesilting,increasingthedepthor
widthbasedonthevolumeofwaterflow;
Formation of embankments and guide bunds for flood control with the available soil and
embankmentpitchingwithstonesandboulders;
Canalizingsmallerstreamstowardsmainstreamsandconnectingwiththemainstreams;
Developmentofgreenspacesalongtheentirecourseofstreamtoproviderecreationalspaceand
floodstorageareas;
Proposing water reservoirs to store the upstream water to avoid flooding of the DSIR during
periodsofhightideandheavyrainfall.Waterretainedinthechannelsmaybeutilizedaspartof
thecitywatersupplyafterappropriatetreatment;
Provisionofweirsacrosstheriverstoactasbarrierstostopseaingressandtheentryofsiltandto
raisethewaterlevelintheriversforrecreationalandaestheticpurposes.
Table7.9indicatesthefreeboardfordrainsandTable7.10indicatessurfacerunoffassumptions.
Table79:ProposedFreeboardforDrains
DEPTHOFFLOW(cm)
FREEBOARDFORDRAINS
>100cm
50cm
50100cm
30cm
<50cm
15cm
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Table710:SurfaceRunoffAssumptions
TYPEOFLANDUSE
PERCENTAGEOFIMPERVIOUSNESS
PERCENTAGEADOPTED
Commercial&IndustrialArea
70to90
80%
Highdensity
60to75
70%
Lowdensity
35to60
45%
Parks&OpenSpaces/UndevelopedArea
10to20
15%
Theproposedstormwaterdrainagesystemisconceptualizedtocaterforsurfacerunoffwithintheproject
areabygravityflowasshowninFigure7.4.Trunkstormwaterdrainsareproposedonboththesidesofthe
roadsandlateralandmaindrainsareproposedononesideoftheroadsforreasonsofeconomy.
The surface runoff collected from the catchment areas would be discharged by major outfalls into the
natural streams, rivers and creeks and open land lying in the CRZ along the DSIRDA boundary. This
approachwillhelptominimizethelengthofdrainsandtoreducethedepthofthewaterchannels.Since
thetopographyoftheDSIRisregular,gentlyslopingfromthenorthwesttothesoutheastandtowardsthe
rivers,drainsshouldbeplannedinsuchawaythatthedepthofdrainsisminimisedandtheycandispose
offthestormwaterfromDSIRwithoutraisingthelevelofthesurroundingarea.
Theoutletsofthedrainsmayremainsubmergedduringhightideandheavyrainfallconditions.Toavoid
floodinginthearea,sluicegatesandboostingsystemwillbeprovidedattheoutletsofthedrains.When
thenaturalstreamsandnallahsarefullandcannotflowbygravityfromdrains,thewatermayneedtobe
pumpedout.OutfallslyingintheCRZareashallbeplannedanddesignedsuchthatwaterdischargingfrom
thedraindoesnoterodethelandandspreadintheformofsheetflooding.
In order to determine the hydraulic grade line due to backwater impact under high tide conditions
coincidingwithdownpours,theinvertlevelsforoutfallsshouldbekeptsuchthattheDSIRshouldnotbe
submergedduringhightidescoincidingwithheavymonsoonrainfall.Thehightidelinereachesthe5.5m
contour and in extreme conditions reaches the 6.9m contour. The formation level of the DSIR will be
plannedsuchthatitcanbeprotectedfromanykindoffloodingorsubmergence.
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Figure74:DrainageNetwork
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7.5. RiverManagementandStrategicFloodControl
Theriverstothewestofthesitearewelldefinedintheirchannelsasthelandslopesfromwesttoeast.
However around 6km from the western boundary of the site the rivers lose their definition and start to
spread out to form many minor channels and sheet flow across the land. This situation has several
implicationsforthefloodprotectiontotheDSIRsite;effectivelythelandtobedevelopedwillhavetobe
polderedorseparatedofffromtherestofthelandviaabund,onthewestoftheDSIRDAandalongthe
riversasshowninFigure7.5.
Allthebundsarelikelytobearound2mhighattheirseawardendbutthenrisingataminimumslopeof
around0.0002inorderthatthewatercandevelopaslopetomakeitflowtowardsthesea.
Thetopographyoftheareaisregular,withgentleslopesfromwesttoeastandtowardtherivers,whose
depth is very shallow. As the upstream water passes from the DSIR it spreads in the form of sheet and
submergesmoreareas.RiversenteringintotheDSIRwouldbetrainedandguidedtoflowsuchthatthey
cannot submerge the area beyond the river course when there is heavy rain and rivers are at peak
discharge. Past records of the rivers behaviour show that major parts of the project area get submerged
duringhightideandhighfloodcondition.TopreventtheDSIRflooding,existingriverscourseswillneedto
bemodifiedtosuitthehydraulicsoftheflowandbankswillneedtoberaisedtoguidetheflowtoavoid
spreadingtheriverwaterintheformofasheet.Theheightofthebanksmayvaryfrom2mattheseaward
sideto4matthewesternboundary.Riverbankswouldbelinedandprotectedfromerosionandthebeds
dredgedtoreducethewidthoftherivers.GiventhattheCRZlineisabout500mawayfromthehightide
line and the land along the CRZ slopes west to east, there should be no need to build a bund along the
eastern side of the site. However construction of a small bund to ensure that extreme high tides do not
floodthesitemightbeadvisable.
Thefloodestimationshallbeworkedoutbyfloodfrequencymethodfor1in25yearsreturnperiod.
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Figure75:ProposedFloodProtectionBunds
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7.6. SolidWasteManagementSystem
SolidWasteManagementwillbeoneoftheessentialservicesnecessaryformaintainingthequalityoflife
and for ensuring better standards of health and sanitation in the DSIR. For maximizing efficiency and
effectivenessofthisservice,itisnecessarytotacklethisproblemsystematicallybygoingintoallaspectsof
the Solid Waste Management (SWM) and devise cost effective and self managed system which may
ensure adequate level of SWM services in the region, through collection, transportation, treatment and
disposal of waste in an environmentally acceptable manner, following the Supreme Court Committees
recommendationsaswellasMunicipalSolidWaste(Management&Handling)Rules2000.
7.6.1.
PolicyandLegalMandate
Gujarat Special Investment Region Act, 2009; gives emphasis on collectiontreatmentdischarge and
disposalofindustrial,institutionalandtownshipwasteasoneoftheamenitiestobeprovidedintheDSIR.
MunicipalSolidWaste(Management&Handling)Rules,2000;applytothecollection,segregation,storage,
transportationanddisposalofsolidwastemanagement.Asperrule7,oftherules,themunicipalauthority
(inthiscaseDSIRDA)isresponsibleformanagingthesolidwastegeneratedwithinthecityortownandto
set up a waste processing and disposal facility. The Industrial Policy, 2009; of State Government lays
emphasisoninculcatingsystematicapproachamongtheindustriesforholisticdevelopmentthatincludes
environmentmanagementasinfrastructure.
Under Municipal Solid waste management rules, 2000; the urban local bodies have to ensure that no
hazardous waste is mixed or collected along with municipal solid waste. Hazardous waste has to be
segregated from municipal solid waste and treated separately in accordance with the Hazardous Waste
(ManagementandHandling)Rules,2000
As per BioMedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998; Biomedical waste is the waste
generated during diagnosis, treatment and immunization of human beings or animals and in research
activities.Thiswasteshouldnotbemixedwithmunicipalsolidwasteandhenceaseparatesystemforits
managementhasbeenspecified.
7.6.2.
SolidWasteGeneration
The solid waste management of the DSIR will primarily revolve around the quantity and quality of solid
wastes. The quantity will decide the magnitudes of the problems of storage, transportation and disposal
operationswhichhavetobeundertakenfordisposaloranysuchotherpurposeswhereasthequalitywill
hintattheprecautionstobecarriedoutinanysuchoperations.Thesolidwastethatwillbegeneratedin
DSIRcanbebroadlydividedintosevenmajorcategories:
7.6.3.
Residential/DomesticWaste;
CommercialWaste;
InstitutionalWaste;
IndustrialWaste;
ConstructionandDemolitionWaste;
StreetsweepingandDeadanimals;
SewageWaste.
CompositionandCharacteristicsofWaste
Thecompositionandcharacteristicsofmunicipalsolidwastes(MSW)varythroughouttheworldandinthe
samecountryfromplacetoplaceasitdependsonnumberoffactorssuchassocialcustoms,standardof
living, geographical location and climate. MSW is heterogeneous in nature and consists of a number of
different materials derived from various types of activities. The National Environmental Engineering
Research Institute (NEERI) has carried out extensive studies on characterization of solid waste from 43
citiesduring19701994.TheaveragecharacteristicshavebeenpresentedinTable7.11.
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7.6.4.
QuantificationofSolidWasteGeneration
Forecasting waste quantities is as difficult as predicting changes of waste composition and the factors
promoting change in waste composition are equally relevant to changes in waste generation. Table 7.12
indicatesquantitiesofmunicipalsolidwastegenerationinIndianurbancentres.Wastegenerationratesin
an urban area suggested by the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization
(CPHEEO),aregiveninTable7.13.
Residential/DomesticWasteintheDSIR
Baseduponapopulationof2millioninhabitantsandanIndianurbanlifestyle,anaveragewastegeneration
of0.6Kgperpersonperdaywouldgenerateapproximately1190metrictonperday.Thisisbrokendown
onaphasedbasisinTable7.14.
Table711:PhysicalCharacteristicsofMunicipalSolidWasteinIndianCities
POPULATION
RANGEIN
MILLION
NUMBER
OFCITIES
SURVEYED
PAPER
RUBBER,
LEATHER
AND
SYNTHETICS
GLASS
METALS
TOTAL
COMBUSTIBLE
MATTER
INERT
0.1to0.5
12
2.91
0.78
0.56
0.33
44.57
43.59
0.5to1.0
15
2.95
0.73
0.35
0.32
40.04
48.38
1.0to2.0
4.71
0.71
0.46
0.49
38.95
44.73
2.0to5.0
3.18
0.48
0.48
0.59
56.67
49.07
>5
6.43
0.28
0.94
0.8
30.84
53.9
Note:Allvaluesinthetableareinpercentage,andarecalculatedonnetweightbasis
Table712:QuantityofSolidWasteGenerationinIndianUrbanCentres
POPULATION
RANGEIN
MILLION
NUMBEROFURBAN
CENTRESSAMPLED
TOTALPOPULATION
(MILLION)
AVERAGEPER
CAPITAVALUE
(Kg/Capita/Day)
QUANTITY
(Tonnes/Day)
<0.1
328
68.3
0.21
14343
0.10.5
255
56.914
0.21
11952
0.51.0
31
21.729
0.25
5432
1.02.0
14
17.184
0.27
4640
2.05.0
20.597
0.35
7209
>5.0
26.306
0.50*
13153
<0.1
328
68.3
0.21
14343
*0.6kg/capita/daygenerationofMSWobservedinmetrocities
Table713:GenerationRate
WASTECATEGORY
GENERATIONRATE
Residentialrefuse
0.3to0.6kg/cap/day
Commercialrefuse
0.1to0.2kg/cap/day
Streetsweepings
0.05to0.2kg/cap/day
Institutionalrefuse
0.05to0.2kg/cap/day
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Table714:MunicipalSolidWasteGenerationintheDSIR
CATEGORY
PopulationResiding(Number)
ResidentialRefuse
CommercialRefuse
InstitutionalRefuse
StreetSweepings
IndustrialWorkerPopulation(Number)
IndustrialRefuse
PHASE1
(TON/DAY)
PHASE2
(TON/DAY)
PHASE3
(TON/DAY)
TOTAL
(TON/DAY)
500,000
295
98.3
49.2
24.6
84500
12.7
1,000,000
579.6
193.2
96.6
48.3
166900
25
500,000
315.8
105.3
52.6
26.3
91000
13.7
2,000,000
1190.3
396.8
198.4
99.2
342400
51.4
OtherMunicipalWasteGenerationinDSIR
Solid waste generation in the DSIR from other sources is estimated 0.2kg per person per day for
commercialestablishments,0.1kgperpersonperdayfromInstitutionsand0.05kgperpersonperdayfrom
streetsweepings.
The per capita waste generation from street sweepings is assumed to be lower than observed values in
IndianCities,withtheassumptionthattheregionwillsetaglobalstandardintermsofplanningandservice
deliveryaswellaspositivepublicparticipation.Thetotalquantityofwastethatwillbegeneratedperdayin
theregionfromthesethreesourcesisabout695metrictonsperday.
Intheindustrialarea,averagepercapitadomesticwastegenerationfromtheworkerpopulationhasbeen
assumed as 0.15 kg /day per person as shown in Table 7.14, giving a total waste generation from this
sourceofabout51metrictonsperday.
IndustrialProcessWasteintheDSIR
Industrial process waste production will depend on different manufacturing processes of industries and
relatedactivities,whichvarywidelyinqualityandquantityacrossdifferenttypesofindustries,depending
upontheproductionprocess,materialmanagementandexistenceofpollutioncontrolequipment,thetype
ofrawmaterial,itsuseandhousekeeping.
In India, management of hazardous wastes is carried out at the State and regional level and its
responsibility lies with the respective State pollution control board. It is estimated that total quantity of
generatedhazardouswastesinIndiais4.44milliontons(year2000)outofwhich38percentrecyclable,4.3
percentwasincinerableandremaining57percentwasdisposableinsecurelandfills.
7.6.5.
HierarchyofWasteManagementOptions
ThehierarchyofwastemanagementthatwillbeadoptedintheregionisshownintheFigure7.6.
Reductionatsourceisfirstinthehierarchybecauseitisthemosteffectivewaytoreducethequantityof
waste,thecostassociatedwithitshandling,anditsenvironmentalimpacts.
Recyclingwillinvolve:
Separationandsortingofwastematerials;
Preparationofthesematerialsforreuseorreprocessing;and
Reuseandreprocessingofthesematerials.
Waste processing will involve alteration of wastes to recover conversion products (e.g., compost) and
energy. The processing of waste materials usually results in the reduced use of landfill capacity.
Transformation of waste, without recovery of products or energy, may have to be undertaken to reduce
waste volume (e.g. shredding and baling) or to reduce toxicity. Land filling will involve the controlled
disposalofwastesonorintheearthsmantle.Itisbyfarthemostcommonmethodofultimatedisposalfor
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waste residuals. Land filling is the lowest rank in the hierarchy because it represents the least desirable
meansofdealingwithsocietyswastes.
Figure76:HierarchyofWasteManagement
7.6.6.
ProposedWasteManagementActivities
The activities associated with the management of all this waste in the DSIR can be grouped into six
functionalelementsnamely:
WasteGeneration;
Storage: Storage of waste at source is the first essential step in Solid Waste Management. Every
household, shop and establishment generates solid waste on day to day basis. The waste will
normallybestoredatthesourceofwastegenerationtillcollectedforitsdisposal;
Collection: DSIRDA will arrange for the primary collection of waste stored at various sources of
waste generation by doorstep collection through containerized handcarts/tricycles, motorized
vehiclesorthroughcommunitybins;
Transportation:Transportationofthewastestoredatwastestoragedepotsatregularintervalsis
essentialtoensurethatgarbagebinsandcontainersdonotoverflowandwasteisnotlitteredon
streets.Thetransportationsystemhastobesodesignedthatitisefficient,yetcosteffectiveand
willbesynchronizedwiththesystemofthewastestoragedepot.
Segregation&Processing:Segregationofwasteatsourceaswellasatthecommonfacilitywillbe
done based on the usefulness of the waste and suitability of treatment and disposal technology.
Waste processing techniques that can be implemented based on the composition of the waste
include:Composting/vermicomposting;Energyrecovery;BiogasgenerationandGreencoaland
refusederivedfuelandecobricks.
Waste not found suitable for waste processing, preprocessing and postprocessing rejects from waste
processingsitesandnonhazardouswastenotbeingprocessedorrecycled.
LandfillingofhazardouswastestreamintheDSIRwillbedoneatahazardouswastelandfillsite.DSIRDA
canhoweverdisposethehazardouswasteinaspecialhazardouswastecellintheMSWlandfilldesigned
accordingtoMinistryofEnvironmentandForests(MoEF)guidelinesforhazardouswastedisposal.
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Landfillingofconstructionanddemolitionwastewillbedoneinaseparatelandfillwherethewastecanbe
storedandminedforfutureuseinearthworkorroadprojects.Constructionanddemolitionwastecanalso
beusedasadailycoverattheMSWlandfill.
7.6.7.
TheProposedIntegratedWasteManagementConcept
AnintegratedapproachwillbeadoptedintheDSIRtoefficientlymanagethesolidwastegeneratedinthe
region. The waste that will be generated in the DSIR can be broadly categorised as municipal waste and
industrial waste. However, based on composition and characteristics they are further categorised as
hazardous waste, biomedical waste, wet organic waste, dry organic waste, electronic waste, recyclable
wasteandinertmaterial.
TheflowchartillustratedonFigure7.7describestheintegratedapproachthatwillbeadoptedintheDSIR
to manage the waste generated from different sources in an efficient and environmentally accepted
manner. It is important to note that special care will be taken while managing hazardous waste and
biomedicalwaste.Someimportantcomponentsoftheintegratedapproacharediscussedbelow.
ApproachtoMunicipalWaste
Municipalwastewillbecollectedandtransportedtotheintegratedwastemanagementfacility(IWMF).Ifit
hasnotalreadybeensortedatsource,itwillbesegregatedintofivecomponentsnamely1)WetOrganic
waste2)DryOrganicwaste3)Recyclablewaste4)InertMaterialsand5)electronicWaste.
Wet waste will comprise about 20 % to 30 % of total waste. This will be converted into organic
compostthroughpropertreatment;
Drywastewillform30%to40%ofwastewhichcanbeutilizedformakinggreencoalorfluff.After
segregation, recyclable waste like rubber, metal, plastic which has economic importance, will be
sold;
SegregatedEwastewillbesentforprocessingalongwithhazardousindustrialprocesswaste;
Atthelaststageoftheprocess,inertmaterialscanbepartlyusedformakingbricksbymixingitwithfly
ash. Finally the residue from this process which is as little as 15% to 20%, will be sent for landfill in the
sanitarylandfillsite.
ApproachtoElectronicWaste
Ewastecomprisesofwastesgeneratedfromusedelectronicdevicesandhouseholdapplianceswhichare
not fit for their original intended use and are destined for recovery, recycling or disposal. Such wastes
encompassawiderangeofelectricalandelectronicdevicessuchascomputers,handheldcellularphones,
personalstereos,includinglargehouseholdappliancessuchasrefrigerators,andairconditioners.
Ewastesareconsidereddangerous,ascertaincomponentsofsomeelectronicproductscontainmaterials
thatarehazardous,dependingontheirconditionanddensity.Someofthecomponentsofewastecontain
materialssuchaslead,cadmium,mercury,andpolychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs),whicharehazardousin
nature.Thereforeewasteshouldbehandledinanenvironmentfriendlymannertopreventthishazardous
materialpollutingtheenvironment.
Currentlytherearenospecificlegislationspertainingtoewastemanagement.However,itiscoveredunder
Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2003. Therefore, anyone who collects ewaste must
complywiththisregulation.Followingarethestepsinvolvedinewastehandling:
Sorting;
IdentifyUsefulness;
Identifyhazardousness;
Dismantling;
Segregation;and
Treatment/Disposal.
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Figure77:IntegratedWasteManagementProcessFlowchart
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ApproachtoBiomedicalWaste
Biomedical waste means any solid and/or liquidwaste including its container and any intermediate
product,whichisgeneratedduringthediagnosis,treatmentorimmunisationofhumanbeingsoranimals.
The physiochemical and biological nature of these components, their toxicity and potential hazard are
different, necessitating different methods for their treatment and disposal. Therefore its treatment and
disposalhasbeenproposedfollowingtheBiomedicalWaste(ManagementandHandling)Rules,1998.
ApproachtoHazardousWaste
Hazardouswasteisdefined,asawastecontaininghighlypersistentelements,chemicalsandcompounds
withsomechronicand/oracuteimpactsonhumanhealthandenvironment.Thehazardouswastesmay
taketheformofsolid,liquidorsludge.Differentsourcesofhazardouswastesgenerationincludeindustrial,
commercial, agricultural and even domestic activities. However major source of hazardous wastes is the
industrialactivities.
UnderMunicipalSolidwastemanagementrules,2000,theDSIRDAwillhavetoensurethatnohazardous
waste is mixed or collected along with municipal solid waste. Hazardous waste will be segregated from
municipalsolidwasteandtreatedseparatelyinaccordancewiththeHazardousWaste(Managementand
Handling)Rules,2000.
7.6.8.
ComponentsofHazardousWasteManagement
Various components of hazardous wastes management plan will involve waste minimization, reuse /
recovery,inhousestorage,transport,secondarystorage,treatmentandfinaldisposal.
Wasteminimization
Wasteminimizationprocessinvolvessourcereduction,whichmeansanyactivitythatreducesoreliminates
the generation of wastes within a process. Waste reduction will be carried out through changes in the
industrial process, which will result in to reduction of total volume / quantity or toxic characteristics of
wastes.Changeintheindustrialprocesswillbecarriedoutthroughinputmaterialalteration,technology
alterationorprocedural/institutionalchanges.ThisiscalledCleanerProductionConcept.
WasteRecovery/Reuse
Certainwasteslikenonferrousmetalwastes,zincbrass,usedleadbatteries,copperoxidemillscale,and
usedlubricatingoil,canberecycledinanenvironmentallysoundmethodwhichcanbetechnoeconomically
feasibleaswell.Facilitiesforsuchactivitieswillbeprovided.
Inhousestorage
Fordaytodaystoringofwastes,aseparatespaceneedstobeprovidedatwithinthegeneratorpremises.
Waste is stored in bags, containers as directed by the regulatory authority. However, it should not be
storedformorethan90daysasperrules,ifthewasteistoberecycled.
Transportation
Wastes collected from industrial premises will be transported through trucks. The vehicles for
transportation will be approved by the regulatory authority and will follow the manifest system. Proper
carewillbetakenduringtransportationtoavoidanyspillage,accidentsorpotentialrisktothecommunity
andenvironment.
Treatment
Treatmentwillbegivenonthebasisofwastecharacteristics.Widelyusedtreatmentincludesstabilization,
solidificationandincineration.
Disposal
Disposal of hazardous wastes is the least preferable solution and at the same time a key component in
wholehazardouswastemanagementscenario.Therearevariousmethodsofwastedisposal;includingland
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disposal,undergrounddisposal,incineration,solidificationandstabilization,oceandisposal.Thechoiceof
methoddependsonevaluationofeconomicsandpotentialpollutionrisks.
7.6.9.
SitingoftheIntegratedSolidWasteManagementFacility
Based on broad thumb rule calculations, an area of about 200 ha has been identified for the Integrated
WasteManagementFacility(IWMF)tobeprovidedintheDSIRtodealwithallwastes.EssentiallytheIWMF
willinclude:
WasteCollectionandStorageFacility;
WasteProcessingFacility(Segregation,Reuse,recycle,recoveryofvaluablesetc.):
Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility (Waste to energy, creating compost, incineration and
landfill).
Landfill is the most environmentally sensitive of these activities and therefore siting of such facility is
subjected to guideline provided by the (CPHEEO), 2000; Schedule III of Municipal Solid Wastes
(ManagementandHandling)Rules,2000,asprovidedbyMinistryofEnvironmentandForests,Hazardous
Waste(ManagementandHandling)Rules1989,anditsamendmentin2001and2003;theGujaratPollution
ControlBoard(GPCB),Gujarat.
According to the guidelines, it is essential that municipal solid waste landfill sites and hazardous waste
landfill sites shall not be located within a certain distance of the natural features such as lakes, ponds,
rivers, wetlands, flood plains, highways, habitation, critical habitat area, water supply wells, airports,
coastalzone.Followingtheseguidelines,asuitablesiteofabout200hathatmeetsallofthesecriteriahas
beenidentifiedonthewestsideofDSIRasshownintheFigure7.3(page96).
7.7. Power
7.7.1.
Introduction
The Gujarat Electricity Board (GEB) is responsible for the development of power infrastructure, including
supply and transmission in the DSIR. As part of the Power Reform Process, the Central Government has
passedtheElectricityAct,2003,andGujaratElectricityIndustry(Reorganization&Regulation)Act,2003,
with an aim to improve efficiency in the management and delivery of services to consumers. Under the
provisions of the Acts, the Government of Gujarat has framed the Gujarat Electricity Industry Re
organization&ComprehensiveTransferScheme,2003.
The Gujarat Electricity Board (GEB) was reorganized effective from 1st April, 2005 into seven companies
with functional responsibilities of trading, generation, transmission and distribution. However with the
present power reform process and with the development of the PPP model on power generation,
transmissionanddistribution,manyprivateplayershaveenteredthemarket.Forexample,inSuratandin
AhmedabadandGandhinagar,powerdistributionisnowbeingundertakenbyTorrentPower.
FortheDSIRitisproposedthataSUV(SpecialUtilityVehicle)becreatedbycollaboratingwithanymajor
privateoperatorsuchasTorrentPower,RelianceEnergy,TataPower,orKalpataru.ThisSUVshouldobtain
the distribution license being a codeveloper of the DSIRDA from GoG with the right to buy bulk power
from any national grid provider in Gujarat, such as GETCO and UGVCL or even traded power from, for
example, Adani or Lanco at competitive prices. Alternatively the SUV could sign a long term power
purchaseagreementwithanyindependentpowerproducerinIndiaandimportthepowertotheDSIRDA
usingtheGETCOnetworkbypayingatransmissioncharge.Thiswillenableaveryreliable&goodqualityof
power to be provided to the DSIRDA at an economical rate. The Dane SEZ and the Mundra SEZ are
successfully developing such partnership schemes with Torrent Energy and Adani respectively and this is
proving attractive to investors in these SEZs. The SUV should be created according to the norms of and
guidelinesofGERC(GujaratElectricityRegulatoryCommission)andtheElectricityAct2003andalicensefor
distributionobtainedfromGERC(TheStateauthority).
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7.7.2.
EstimationofPowerDemand
Power demand has been estimated based on load, taking into account a suitable diversity factor. In the
view of the high degree of uncertainty with regard to the type, profile and phasing of manufacturing
industriesintheDSIR,theloadestimationcanonlybeanapproximationatthisstage.Thetargetsmayneed
to be revised depending on the sectors that will develop in the DSIR, their scale and phasing and
Governmentpoliciesinthefuture.
Broadly,threedifferentcategoriesofpowerloadareanticipatedintheDSIR:
Industrialloads,coveringheavy,medium,lightandsmallscaleindustries;
SocialInfrastructureloads,includinghotels,residential,institutionalandcommercial;
Mixedloads:utilitycentres,substations,streetlighting,transport.
Power demand will increase along with development in the DSIR over three phases and a total power
demandofapproximately1700MWisforecastasshownonTable7.15.
The industrial load will be the main power consumer, taking approximately 63% of total demand, with
socialinfrastructureconstitutingabout27%andtheremaining11%beingaccountedforbymixedloads.
Table715:EstimatedPhaseWisePowerDemand
LOADTYPE
TOTAL(MW)
PHASE1(MW)
PHASE2(MW)
PHASE3(MW)
Industries
1000
250
450
300
PublicBuildings(includingcommercial)
600
125
300
175
MixedLoad
100
25
50
25
Total
1700
400
800
500
7.7.3.
PowerSupplytoDSIRinPhaseI:
Power demand in the initial phase of development will be low, of the order of 2030 MW and it will
graduallyincreasewith thegeneration ofconstructionjobs.Presently,thereisone11kvfeederfrom the
Dhandhuka132kVGujaratEnergyTransmissionCompany(GETCO)substationwhichhasafeedercapacity
ofapproximately4MW.Thisextracapacityof11kVfeederscanbeutilisedforthepowerrequirementfor
thefirsttwoyearsofdevelopment.Itisproposedthatone132kVsubstationbeconstructedatDholera,
whichwillobtainfeedfromthe132kvDhandhukaswitchyard,bylayinga132kVOverheadTransmission
lineofabout27kms.
TheflowchartsonpowersupplyintheinitialstageofPhase1(Phase1a)andthelaterphases(Phase1b,
Phase2andPhase3)areshowninFigure7.8and7.9(page114)respectively.Itisrecommendedthatthe
SUVshouldbecreatedinDSIRDAforpowerdistributionasthefirststepandapplicationmadetotheGERC
for obtaining a Distribution License. This procedure typically takes about 3 to 4 months. It is also
recommended that in the initial phase, a power purchase agreement be made with GETCO under the
provisionsoftheGUVNL.Formationofasecondarylicenseorfranchiseeisnotdeemednecessaryasthis
optionwouldbeuneconomical.
7.7.4.
DesignandPlanningofElectricalPowerNetwork
ThepowerdistributionnetworkintheDSIRisdesignedtobeflexibleenoughtoaccommodatenotonlythe
estimatedloadof1700MW,butalsothevariationsinamountandtimeoftheincomingload.Theoverall
design shall consider wide variations in load valuesand shall be planned to be modular and flexible. The
planwillbeabletocatertothesevariations,whileimplementationhastobebasedonactualdemand.The
main receiving voltage will be 400 KV. The bulk power transmission voltage level inside the DSIR will be
132KVandthesubdistributionvoltagewillbe33KV.Thelowervoltagelevelswillreducetransformation
lossesandequipmentcosts.
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Allequipmentproposedtobeusedwillbesuitableforahighlyhumid,salineanddustyenvironment.High
flood and tide data, high wind velocity & cyclone susceptibility and earth quake intensity shall be
considered when designing structures and foundations. The conducting characteristics of the soil in the
areaareverypoorandextracarewillneedtobetakenwhiledesigningtheearthingsystem.
Themainobjectivesofthepowersystemare:
Toensure60%availabilityofequipmentmeantforpowerdistribution;
Redundancyandreliability;
Voltagedropwithinpermissiblelimit;
AT&Clossesarewithinpermissiblelimit;and
ToensureZero%theft.
Captivepowerisonlyconsideredtotakecareofhighlycriticalloadslikeutilitiesinthecaseofthelossof
connectivityofDSIRtothegrid.A60percentcaptivepowerisnotconsideredfortheDSIRbecausepower
generationisunlikelytobeaprimebusinessofDSIRsincefuelintermsofcoalorgasisnotavailableinbulk
quantities.
SystemCapacity
ThetotalloaddemandofDSIRisestimatedtobe1700MWbytheendoftheplanperiod,whiletheMVA
demandwillbearound1800MVA.
Therequiredcapacitydesignforthe400KVtransmissionlinetakingintoaccountthepeakloadandfuture
or sudden requirement for power is therefore 2000MVA. The transformation capacity at 400KV to sub
distributionvoltagelevelwillbearound2600MVA.Atsubdistributionvoltagelevel,therequiredcapacity
offeederswillbeofatleast5000MVAwithtransformationcapacityofaround5000MVA.
Itisassumedthatlosseswillbebetweenfourandtenpercent,dependingonloadfactor,whichcompares
toanindustryaverageofaround20%duetotheftandoverheadlinelosses.
MainReceivingStations&PrimarySubstations
Themainpowersupplyshallbeavailablefroma400KVgridat400KV.ItisproposedtobuildtwoEHTMRS
(Main Receiving Stations) in Phase 1 and Phase 2. The voltage will be stepped down to subdistribution
voltagelevelatthesereceivingstationsthroughpowertransformers.Todistributethepowertoenduser,
132kv,66kv,33kv,11kvand11/0.433kvsubstationsofvariouscapacitiesareproposedatsectorandsub
sector levels. At sub distribution level from 33kv substation the power distribution proposed will be
undergroundwithRMUSandunitisedsubstationandfeederpanelsatstrategiclocationsasrequired.
Substationswillhaveintelligentnumericalrelaysforcontrol,supervisionandprotection.TheseRelaysshall
be linked to a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA) by soft serial linkage. The
substationswillbeunmannedandallthesupervisionwillbebya24hourmannedSCADAroom.
Taking into account power requirement, aesthetics and electrical infrastructure development
requirements, it is proposed that the proposed 400 KV MRSS and 132 KV Substations are located in
industrial areas. It is also proposed that the overhead transmission lines should not cross the main
expresswaysoasnottorestricttheutilisationofthismajortransportationcorridor.
Thelandrequiredforproposedsubstationsisasfollows:
400KVMRSS6ha(250mx400m);
132KVSubstation3ha(160mx200m);
66KVSubstation1ha(16mx90m);
33KVSubstation0.4ha(70mx50m).
TheproposedlocationofthesubstationsandtransmissionlinesforDSIRisshownintheFigure7.10.
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Figure78:PowerSupplyInitialPhase
Figure79:PowerSupplyinLaterPhases
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7.7.5.
PowerSources
ConventionalPower
Itisproposedtobuildupacaptivegaspowerplantof270MWwiththecapacityconfigurationof3X90MW
units.ThiscaptivepowerplantwillruninsynchronisationwiththeStateandNationalgridandinthecase
oftotalblackoutofthegridorelectricalisolation,willprovideforthecriticalloadsinDSIRsuchaspublic
utilities, water supply, fire stations, lighting, emergency service and hospitals. The power plant will be
locatedadjoiningthewestern400KVMRS,andcanbebroughtonstreaminthreephases:Phase1b,Phase
2andPhase3.
RenewableEnergySources
TheCentralElectricalAuthority(CEA)hasrecentlyrevealedthatIndiaisfacingachronicpowershortageof
around 70,000 MW. CEA projects the shortage to be about 9% with a peak demand shortage of 18% in
200809.ThepowerpositionbecomesmorechronicintheWesternregioninwhichDSIRfalls,withalikely
peakdemanddeficitofabout27%accordingtothelatestCEAdata.
FortunatelyIndiahasvastrenewableenergyresourcesandhasonethelargestprogramsintheworldfor
deployingrenewableenergyproductsandsystems.Indeed,itistheonlycountryintheworldtohavean
exclusive ministry for renewable energy development, the Ministry of Non Conventional Energy Sources
(MNES). Since, its formation, the ministry has launched one of the worlds largest and most ambitious
programsforrenewableenergy.Theprojectedoutputfromrenewableenergyby2012is6,000MW,from
an estimated potential capacity of 152,000 MW. Interestingly this potential is broadly equivalent to the
currenttotalinstalledenergygeneratingcapacityofIndiatoday.
FossilfuelsinIndiaarelimited,withcoaldepositsforecasttolastonlyforthenext4decadesandoil&gas
reserves similarly limited. Today, the renewable energy industry has reached maturity and commercial
viability. Although solar power is not yet fully competitive with conventional power, the cost of
conventional energy is increasing rapidly and the gap is likely to close. Furthermore, renewable electric
technologies offer the possibility of distributed generation at or near the point of use, which will reduce
peakingloadsandsaveonthecostofupgradingandmaintenanceoftransmission&distributionnetworks.
Whilethecapitalcostofrenewableenergyiscloseorlowerinmanycasesthanthatofconventionalpower,
the greatest advantage lies in its short gestation period. It is proposed that for DSIR, renewable energy
shouldbeharnessedtoconstituteatleast20%ofthetotaldemandforpower.
AnumberofrenewableenergysourceshavebeenconsideredforapplicationinDSIR,themostpromising
beingsolarpowerandenergyfromwaste.Windpowerwouldalsobeidealfromaneconomicandlanduse
pointofviewbecauseoftheavailabilityofunderusedlandintheCRZ.Howeverwindpowerisdependent
upon the DSIR having sufficient wind resources to make the technology viable and studies on behalf of
GIDBarecurrentlyongoingtodeterminethefeasibilityofwindpowerinDSIR.
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Figure710:PowerSupplyNetwork
SolarPower
Atthecurrentrates,theestimatedcapitalcostofsettingupasolarpowerplantisintherangeofINR130
180million(1318crores)perMW.Basedonthetechnologyandsystemefficiency,thecostofgenerationis
about INR 913 per unit. With the latest initiatives from Government of Gujarat and innovation in the
technologiesinvolved,itishopedthatsolarpowergenerationwillbecomecosteffectiveinthenearfuture.
DSIRregionenjoystheadvantageofanaverageof300sunnydaysinayear.Thevastbarrenlandmasswill
alsoworkforthebenefitofinstallationofsuchalandintensivefacility.Thelanduseplansetsasideanarea
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of about 1290 ha for the generation of solar energy either by concentrated solar poweror photo voltaic
arraysinthenortheastoftheDSIR.Withthis,itisestimatedthatthesolarpowergenerationcapacityfrom
thesolarparkwillbeabout1161MU(SeeTable7.16).
Renewable energy experts have forecasted that solar power generation will be more competitive than
thermal power generation by around 2017. Thus the development Phases 2 and 3 are likely to be more
suitablefortheestablishmentofthesolarpowerplant.However,itshouldbeacknowledgedthatsetting
up the solar power plant as early as possible in the initial development stages will be extremely
advantageoustotheprojectasawhole.Whileprovidingauniqueidentitytotheprojectataglobalscale,it
will benefit the new city by reducing the dependence on conventional power sources. It is therefore
recommendedthattheestablishmentofthesolarpowerplantbestartedinPhase1.
WindPower
Windpowerisproposedasapotentialsubsidiaryforsupportpowergenerationandinparticulartomeet
peak power demand. DSIR falls under a moderate wind zone making it potentially feasible for power
generationbysmallerunits.Smallgeneratorsofaround850KWcapacitymaybeviable.Thewindvelocity
intheDSIRismoredominantintheeveningtime,whentherewillasteephikeofpowerdemandofaround
20percentofaveragedemand.Itisthereforeproposedtoinstallwindturbinesinphasestohelpmeetthis
peakdemandofpower.Studiesarecurrentlyunderwaytoassessthelocationsuitabilityforinstallationof
windturbines,butonabroadbasis,itisproposedthattheCRZzonebeutilizedforthepurpose.
The Prefeasibility Study on Renewable Energy Scheme for the DSIR has estimated a power generation
potentialofabout313MUfromsmallinstallationstoharnesswindpoweronrooftops(SeeTable7.16).
EnergyfromMunicipalSolidWaste
AsmallproportionoftheenergyrequirementsfortheDSIRwillbemetfromthereuseofwastematerials.
This will include biomass from agricultural processes and the incineration of materials from industrial,
commercial and household sources that cannot otherwise be recycled easily or economically. Creating
energyfrombiomassisawellknowpracticeinIndiaandlargescalewastetoenergyplantsusingmodern,
cleantechnologyarewellprovenandpopularindevelopedNations.
PowerGenerationPotentialfromRenewableEnergySources
A Prefeasibility study has been undertaken by the consultants to assess generation of power through
variousrenewableenergysourcesintheDSIR.AsummaryofthefindingsofthisstudyisgiveninTable7.16.
Table716:PowerGenerationPotentialfromRenewableEnergySourcesinDSIR
SOURCES
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL
MUNICIPAL
SERVICES*
TOURISM
INDUSTRIAL
SOLARPARK
PhotoVoltaic(MU)
77.6
84.5
2.5
0.46
1161
SHW(SolarThermal)
596.4
0.09
Wind(MU)
116.24
197.3
MunicipalSolid
Waste(MW)
6.5
Biomass(MW)
ProcessHeatSolar
Thermal(MW)
100
PowerGeneration
Potential(MU)
790.1
281.8
11
1.745
125
1161
*MunicipalServicesincludesolidwastemanagement,watersupply,streetlightingandtrafficsignaloperations.Itis
proposedtosubstitutetheusageofelectricityforwatersupply,streetlightingandtrafficlightsfromtheconventional
energytosolarpower.
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EnergyMinimization
Developmentandinvestmentinconventionalandrenewablepoweriswastedunlesseffortsarealsomade
to minimize the use of energy. Building Guidelines developed elsewhere in this Plan propose the
introduction of the GRIHA National Rating System developed by TERI/LEED India or the equivalent IGBC
green building code. The concept of green building focuses on increasing the efficiency of resource use
(energy, water, and materials), while reducing buildings impacts on human health and the environment
during the buildings lifecycle, through better sitting, design, construction, operation, maintenance and
removal. Measures to reduce energy use will include high targets for solar water heating, natural
ventilationandsolarlighting.
SmartGridTechnology
SmartGridisanewageconceptfortheefficientuseofpowertransmissionanddistributionnetwork.Smart
Gridswoulddeliveraccessibilityandreliability.InordertobeapplicableasperthephasingfortheDSIR,the
solutionneedstobemodularinnatureandhighlyreliable.Ingeneral,SmartGridreferstoachangefrom
thetraditionalstaticelectricitynetworktoadynamicone,andoneofthekeystothesuccessofsucha
network will be extensive use of advanced information based technology (ICT network) to increase the
networkefficiency,reliabilityandflexibility.
The DSIR would satisfy its power demand from various sources such as a gasfired power captive power
plant,solarpark,possiblywindturbinesandotherrenewablepowersystems.TheapplicationoftheSmart
Grid philosophy and technologies would be important to assist with the integration of various power
generationsystemsandsuccessfulimplementationofthemanagementonthedemandside.
TheSmartGridPhilosophyforDholera
ThedistributionnetworkwithinDholeradevelopmentwouldconsistofaseriesofsemiindependentgrids
ormicrogrids.ThemicrogridswouldaligncloselywiththedifferentdevelopmentphasesofDSIR.Smart
Grid system cannot be successfully implemented without extensive use of advanced informationbased
technology such as Distribution Control System (DCS) and SCADA. It also requires Smart Metering, which
provides data on the net import/export of energy in the control zone, extending to a more complex
arrangementwherebydetailedenergyusageinformationandcontrolassociatedwitheachload/generation
sourcewithinthecontrolzonewouldbeprovided.TomaximizetheenergyefficiencywiththeSmartGrid
philosophy, the more complex arrangement of deep penetration of Smart Metering within the individual
premiseswouldbenecessary.
TheSmartGridControlPhilosophy
TheDCS(DistributedControlSystem)willneedtobeabletosetthereconfigurationandloadmanagement
thatbuildsonthefunctionalityofanetworkanalysissystem.
TheSmartGridsControlSystemfunctionalitywillallow:
Optimalnetworkutilization
Detailsofrealtimeloadflow
OptimalFeederReconfiguration
Powerbalance
ShortCircuitAnalysis
LossMinimizations
LoadSwitching
ViewandAnalyzeNetworkConditions
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7.8. InformationCommunicationTechnology(ICT)/TelecommunicationNetwork
7.8.1.
Introduction
Over the plan period it is likely that development of the ICT/Telecommunication system will continue to
evolve as rapidly as in recent years and that the demand for basic telephony, cellular services and
broadbandserviceswilllikewiseincrease.
Inthepresentscenario,thetelecommunicationsectorenjoyssubstantialencouragementandsupportfrom
Governmentpoliciesanditisreasonabletoassumethatsustainableandeconomicalfibreopticsnetworkin
theprojectareacanbedeveloped.TheFibreToHomeconceptisproposed,whichwillcarryallthesignals
fortelephone(landline),broadbandinternet,videoondemand,entertainmentchannel,andsoon.
ServiceproviderssuchasBSNL,Airtel,Reliance,TataIndicom,VodafoneandIdeaareallpresentinthelocal
market and it is anticipated that multiple carrier services can be made available to consumers by
Governmentagenciesorprivateoperators.
7.8.2.
PlanProvision
In order to cater to the ICT demand of a state of the art global industrial City by 2040, the following
assumptionsareconsidered:
FibretoHomeConnection:Oneeachforeachbuilding/plotbelongingtoalllanduses
CellularPhone:100percentteledensity
The Development Plan provides ducting for carrying ICT/Telecommunication network on major roads, as
shown in the road cross sections in Chapter 6. Broadly, the following independent networks would be
reticulated:
9numbersof100mmductsalongtheexpressway,
4numbersof100mmductsalongbothsidesofarterialandcollectorroadsand
4numbersof100mmductsalongonesideoflocalroads.
Thus,provisionof1.5mcorridorhasbeenmadefortheICTnetwork.
Duringdetaildesign,itisrecommendedthatICTnetworkbedevelopedwithfollowingconsiderations:
Provision and development of telephone exchanges, telecom cabinets and control rooms at
multiplelocationsdependingonthenumberofusers;
Downstream cables with localized cabinets of connection capacity depending upon the required
pairoflines;
Infrastructure cables within the development run through underground PVC ducts and pipe of
requiredsizeswithinspectionchambersatsuitableintervalsforinstallationandmaintenancealong
theroadsideinthecablecorridor;
OpticalfibrecablesshouldbeusedforICT/telecommunicationsystemwithelectronicconsole,to
be laid by the service provider; and facilities for telecommunications infrastructure should be
allocatedinthenewcityaswhenrequired.
Anydeveloperwillneedtodefineastrategyfortheproposedlevelsofservice(i.e.facilities)tobe
providedinthisrespect,e.g.includingsecuritymatters(CCTV)forwhichadditionalductingwould
berequired.
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7.8.3.
FurtherConsiderationsinFuture
Thedeveloperorfacilitiesmanagershouldconsiderthefollowing,whichmayhavesomelimitedimpacton
spatialrequirements:
Telecommunicationprovidertobedefinedandengagedintothedesignprocess;
Decisionsregardingdedicatedorcombinedtelecoms/sitemanagement(iBMS,CCTVetc)systems
tobemade;
Locationofcentralisedmonitoringpointstobedefined;
Requirements for GSM (Mobile Network) to be ascertained (repeaters on towers or dedicated

mastsparcelallowanceswithinthemasterplan).
Security
A security policy needs to be developed to determine the level of CCTV and access control required
throughoutthedevelopment.AllCCTVandaccesscontrolsystemswillbeabletobetransmittedacrossthe
developmentonthecommunicationsnetworktoacentralcontrolroom.
SCADA
To effectively manage the services across the development, it is recommended that a certain level of
monitoringofplantismadeavailabletotheFacilitiesManagementteam.Thiswouldinvolvetransmitting
information from the various plant buildings (for water, sewerage, power etc.) to a central point
(MaintenanceHanger)wherealarmscanbemonitored,accesscontrolled,andifrequired,alevelofplant
controlprovided.
Toachievethislevelofmonitoringandcontrol,itisimportantthattheindividualsystemswithinthevarious
plant buildings are able to transmit their data over the network, and a network is installed typically,
undergroundfibreopticcablinginductingisused.
OnepossiblesystemisaSCADA(SupervisoryControlandDataAccusation)protocolistheequivalentofa
computer language that can be understood by the various control elements. The syntax rules of some
protocols have been made freely available for use by the manufacturer. This is an open protocol. This
syntaxisnotavailableforallprotocols(theseareclosedprotocols)althoughsomesystemsintegratorsare
abletoworkwiththem.
7.8.4.
GasSupply
A gas supply line passes close to the DSIR between Anand and Rajkot. The Government of Gujarat has
identifiedtheroutebetweenDarodandBhavnagarforanewGasGridsystemforwhichtheofftakepoint
isDarodVillage.TheproposednetworkwouldbethenearestgassupplypointtotheDSIR.Thepossibleoff
takepointsfromthisproposednetworkisindicatedintheTable7.17andillustratedinFigure7.11.
TheviabilityofconnectingtheDSIRtotheproposedgasnetworkislikelytodependupondemand,which
would be largely from the industrial sector. The location of the intake gas station should be strategically
planned to be close to the industrial areas to make the distribution network viable. The gas distribution
networkcouldbedevelopedforDSIRonaPPPbasis.
Table717:PossibleOffTakepointsforGasSupply
DIRECTION
LOCATION
DISTANCEFROMSOURCE
NorthWest
NearBhadiyadVillage
15.06kms
SouthWest
NearHebatpurVillage
10.43kms
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7.9. ProvisionforIntegratedUtilityNetworkalongRoads
Provisionforutilityservicecorridorsismadeunderroadsforthefollowing:
Potablewater(transmission&distribution)
Telecommunicationducts
Powercables(streetlighting/lowtensioncable/hightensioncable)
Sewerlines
Stormwaterdrainage
Recycledwater(Irrigation)
Gaspipe
7.9.1.
Aspectsconsideredforallocationofutilitycorridor
ThefollowingaspectsareconsideredforallocationofutilitycorridorsundertheroadRoW:
Provisionhasbeenmadeforstormwaterdrainageonallroads;
Spaceforstormwaterdrainandsewersismadeunderthecarriagewayorinthemedian.These
servicesarepositionedatleast0.5mbelowthepotablewaterpipes;
Separateprovisionhasbeenmadeforsewerage(foulwater)andeffluentfromindustries;
Spaceforelectricalservicesismadeundersidewalk,adjacenttotheplotboundary;
Telecommunication ducts, potable water lines and Irrigation water lines are located under the
sidewalks,parkinglaneorthebicyclelane;
Recycledwater(forirrigation)pipesarelocatedinthemedianforthemostpart,howevertheymay
belocatedunderthecarriagewayincaseofspaceconstraint;
Potablewaterpipesmaybelocatedunderthecarriagewayincaseofspaceconstraint;
Gaspipesarelocatedbelowpotablewaterpipeortelecommunicationsduct.
Itisrecommendedthattheutilitypipes/ductsmustbeinstalledasperthemanufacturersinstructions,and
additionalprotectionasrequiredbeprovidedattheroadcrosssections.
Table 7.18 indicates the minimum service cover required for the provision of each utility. The road cross
sectionsillustratedinChapter6,Transportindicatetheprovisionforutilities.
7.9.2.
ProvisionforFireFighting
Itisrecommendedthatprovisionforinstallationforfirehydrantsbemadeonthesidewalksofallroads,at
anintervalofabout200m,approximately.Waterconnectionforthehydrantswouldbegiventhroughthe
potablewaterdistributionpipenetworkprovidedbelowtheroadRoW.
Table718:MinimumServiceCoverforUtilities
SR.NO.
UTILITY
MINIMUMSERVICECOVER(m)
Potablewaterpipe(distribution)
0.65
Potablewaterpipe(transmission)
1.2
Telecommunicationsducts
0.8
Powercables(lowvoltage)
0.65
Powercables(highvoltage)
1.2
Sewagepipes
Stormwaterdrainagepipe
1.2
Recycled(irrigation)water(distribution)
0.65
Recycled(irrigation)water(transmission)
1.2
10
Gaspipe
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Figure711:ProposedOfftakePointsandLocationsofGasStations
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7.10. SmartMetering
The Smart Metering will enable for remote monitoring of power load, totalusage and analysis of gridas
mentioned in the section above. It is recommended that the metering facilities should come with the
protectionandcontrolsystematthebuildingincominglevelforthepurposesofmonitoringandcontrolling
thegenerationanddemandbytheDCS.
Smart Metering would also assist in billing and demand profiling. The collected data will feed into the
NetworkManagementSystemtofacilitatebillinganddemandmanagementthroughtheuseofICTnetwork
attheconsumerlevel.
It is recommended that a Smart Metering system be used for the electricity, water supply and district
cooling(ifinstalled)attheconsumerlevelandwillbeconnectedthroughICTnetwork.
7.11. UbiquitousUrbanInfrastructure
7.11.1. Introduction
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) play an increasingly important role in the planning,
managementandtheuseofurbanphysicalinfrastructureintheareasoftransportsystems,powersupply,
sewerageandwastetreatmentandwatersupplyandmanagement.Already,someICTbasedsystems(for
example, intelligent transportation systems and underground facilities management systems) have been
installedseparatelytoaddressenvironmental,transportandotherurbanproblemsincountrieslikeKorea
andJapan.Butsuchisolatedoperationsmakeorganizationalandpromptresponsestoemergenciesdifficult
aswellasrenderurbanmanagementunsystematicanddispersed.
UCity,basedonintegratedcityoperationcentres,overcomessuchproblemsthroughintegratedservices
andhighermanagementefficiency.
Uinfrastructureusessensorsandsensornetworkstocontinuallycommunicatewithwiredand/orwireless
computer devices embedded in personal devices (mobile phones, personal digital devices), buildings,
infrastructure, and any feature or object of the urban space. This allows ubiquitous communication of
persontoperson,persontoobject,andobjecttoobjecteventhoughcomputersordevicesareinvisibleto
users.
The ubiquitous urban infrastructure (Uinfrastructure) also provides everyone with an opportunity to
accesstourbanservicesusinganyinformationtechnologydevices,regardlessoftimeandlocation.Itcan
make the management of urban facilities more efficient and provision of services less expensive. For
instance, people can access information without searching for information via the internet and objects
sharedatawithotherobjectswithoutinputtingdatafrompeople.
In the most advanced countries like the United States, Japan and in Europe, ubiquitous networking
technologyisfastemergingasanewparadigmforNationalinformatization.IntheRepublicofKoreaand
Japan, policy makers and planners have developed and applied ubiquitous computing systems in urban
infrastructureplanninganddevelopment.
7.11.2. ClassificationoftheUCityservices
TheuCityservicescanbeclassifiedintotwocoreservicesasfollows:
CommonCoreService
Common core service refers to the facility management, transportation, crime & disaster prevention,
administrationandenvironmentrelatedservices.
SpecializedService
Specializedserviceisaservicewhichcorrespondstothenewcityconcept,suchaswaterfront,cultureand
tourism,leisure,etc.
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Givenbelowaresomeexamplesofthetwomaincoreservices:
UAdministration
A service which aims to improve citizens quality of life and the overall city management by providing
informationandmonitoringservicesforthepublicadministration.
UFacilityManagement
Builds integrated & remote operation service system for the city infrastructure and provides prompt
correspondencesystemthroughrealtimedisasterandsafetyaccidentdetection,whilelinkingsuchsystem
withtheconcernedorganization.
UTransportationService
Themostadvancedtransportationenvironmentservicewhichconvergestheexistingroad,vehicle,traffic
signs, etc. with IT, telecommunication, electronics, control and other ubiquitous technology, allowing
efficienttrafficfacilityandeasestrafficcongestion,aswellasreducingtrafficaccidents.
UEnvironmentService
Manages the environment efficiently for a more pleasant living environment for the citizens. It also
provides an environment experiencing area to promote citizens environmental awareness, and supports
environmentalimprovementactivitiessuchasairpurification,energygenerationusingforcesofnature.
UWaterfront
Aservicewhichprovidesdiversevisualpresentationssuchaswaterscreenoradvancedstreetlight,creating
afascinatingnightviewatharbors,waterfrontrestaurantsandthemebridge,etc.
Provides cultural performance information, tourist information and virtual experience services through
mobilephones.
7.11.3. TechnologiesofUbiquitousInfrastructure
ICTbasedubiquitoustechnologiesarevitalforthedevelopmentofaUinfrastructuresystemthatprovides
a wide range of services to the public. Telematics, for instance, allows users to send, receive and store
traffic information via telecommunication devices, so far mostly by using global positioning system
technology integrated with computers and mobile communications technology. Transport telematics
applications are able to do more than this, such as contributing to safer, cleaner and more efficient
transport by helping travellers, freight distributors and transport operators avoid delays, congestion and
unnecessary trips; e.g. diverting traffic from overcrowded roads to alternative modes. These functions
cover rail, sea and inland waterways and can reduce accidents, increase productivity, gain extra capacity
from existing infrastructure, encourage integrated transport, reducing energy use and pollution, which
increasesthequalityoflifewithinthecities.
AnumberofothertechnologieslikeBroadbandConvergenceNetwork(BcN),HighSpeedDownlinkPacket
Access(HSDPA),WirelessBroadband(WiBro),UbiquitousSensorNetwork(USN)arealsorequiredforthe
successful development of Uinfrastructures. Wireless local area network (WLAN), Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) and fibre to the home network
(FTTH)areamongthemostsophisticatedtechnologiesthatareused.
7.11.4. StrategiesforDSIR
Inthelaterphasesofdevelopment,DSIRcanmaketheuseoftheICTinfrastructureasamajorengineto
propelitsfuturedevelopmentandfocusondevelopingitsUCitycapabilitiesincludingearlylocalizationof
coretechnologiessuchasintegratedplatformsandmappingoutcomprehensivemeasurestosupportthe
industry.
This would require the preparation of a comprehensive Ucity plan outlining the policy vision, basic
direction and key tasks for further developmental phases, with the aim of establishing hightech urban
spaces and intelligent city management systems by integrating UCity technologies into urban
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infrastructurefacilitiesandimprovingthequalityoflifethroughUCitybasedurbanservicesincludingfinely
customizedservicesforresidents.
To achieve these goals, the following implementation strategies are suggested. The strategies relate to
preparation ofinstitutions,developmentofcoretechnology,supportforindustrygrowthandcreationof
sensibleservice
Figure712:UbiquitousInfrastructureConcept
andkeytasksforfurtherdevelopmentalphases,withtheaimofestablishinghightechurbanspacesand
intelligent citymanagementsystemsbyintegratingUCitytechnologiesintourbaninfrastructurefacilities
andimprovingthequalityoflifethroughUCitybasedurbanservicesincludingfinelycustomizedservices
forresidents.
To achieve these goals, the following implementation strategies are suggested. The strategies relate to
preparation ofinstitutions,developmentofcoretechnology,supportforindustrygrowthandcreationof
sensibleservice.
PreparationofInstitutions
TheGovernmentwouldhavetopromptlyconsolidateacomprehensiveinstitutionalbasisfortheindustry
related to planning, construction and management. This would require various guidelines for effective
planning and management as well as effective measures to protect private information and prevent
disasters,damagesandinfiltrations.Forinformationconnectionsandcompatibility,whicharekeytoUCity
technologies,clearstandardsforinformation,coretechnologiesandindividualserviceswillhavetobeset
up.AnotherimportanttaskinthisareawouldbepromotingtheuseofUCityinformationamongprivate
sectors,thusraisingtheinformationutilizationrate.
DevelopmentofCoreTechnology
TheGovernmentwillhavetoprovideR&Dsupportsearlytolocalizeandfostercoresourcetechnologies.
Supportforindustrygrowth
TheGovernmentsimportanttaskwillbetoproduceaprofessionalworkforce.Itwillhavetonurturehigh
quality researchers and skilled workers in the sector and train local Government officials with UCity
capabilities.
CreationofSensibleService
Inordertofindoutdiverse,creativeservicesanddisseminatethemamonglocalentities,theGovernment
willalsohavetoencourageactiveprivatesectorengagementinUCityplanningandoperations.
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Conclusion
TheUCityconceptaimstoovercomethelimitationsoftheconventionalurbanplanningandmanagement
practices.However,astheKoreanexamplesreveal,movingtowardsaubiquitouscityiscostlyandrequires
much time and considerable public educational and skill development. Therefore, rather than solely
observing its development in Korea and Japan it might be wiser that for DSIR we develop our own
initiatives in intelligent infrastructure systems provision while researching on how to best benefit from
thesetechnologiestoprovideimprovedqualityoflifeandsustainableurbandevelopment.
Figure713:CitieswithUbiquitousInfrastructure
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CHAPTER8
ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT
8.1.
Introduction
127
8.2.
KeyEnvironmentalParameters
127
8.3.
RequirementsofEnvironmentalRelatedClearances
129
8.4.
DevelopmentProposed
131
8.5.
PotentialImpactandMitigationMeasures
131
8.6.
EnvironmentalManagementPlan(EMP)
137
8. EnvironmentalAssessment
8.1. Introduction
ThissectionpresentstheenvironmentalassessmentoftheDSIRdescribedintheprecedingchaptersofthis
report.Itcoversthefollowingaspects:
theexistingbaselineenvironmentoftheDSIR;
environmentallegislationapplicabletothedevelopment;
therequirementsforenvironmentalclearances;
environmentalimpactslikelytobeencounteredduringthelifecycleoftheproject;
proposedmitigationmeasurestoaddressanypotentialadverseenvironmentalimpacts;
abroadenvironmentalmanagementplan(EMP);
SustainableDesign
TheexistingbaselineenvironmentoftheDSIRhasbeendescribedintheAppendixB.
8.1.1.
MethodofAssessment
AreconnaissancesurveyoftheDSIRwasundertakeninthepreparationofthisenvironmentalassessment.
Baselinedatainrespectofmeteorology,ambientairquality,waterquality,soilqualityandnoiselevelswas
collected from the secondary and published sources. This data was analysed and project impacts were
assessed on the various components of the environment. An environmental management plan and a
sustainabledevelopmentstrategyhavebeenpreparedtomitigatetheadverseenvironmentalimpacts.
8.2. KeyEnvironmentalParameters
8.2.1.
AmbientAirQuality
TheambientairqualitydataavailableintheEnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)studyoftheGujarat
StateRoadDevelopmentCorporation(GSRDC)forSH6(SarkhejBhavnagarRoad)thatpassesthroughthe
project area has been used as the data source. In addition, data published by the GPCB for Bhavnagar
industrialareahasalsobeenusedinthissection.
With reference to the air quality standards set by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) provided in
AppendixB,datainTable8.1indicatesthattheambientairqualityneartheprojectarea(AdhelaiVillage)is
well within the stipulated limits. Since there is no pollution generation activity in the project area the
ambientairqualityatAdhelaivillagecanbeconsideredasrepresentativeoftheProjectregion.
Table81:AmbientAirQualityMonitoring
CONCENTRATION(Mg/M3)
LOCATION
SPM
RPM
SO2
NOx
CO
AdhelaiVillage
185
58
10.5
12
198
GIDCChitra,Bhavnagar
240
131
12.6
17
NA
AlangShipbuildingYard
205
111
11.2
15.1
NA
SosiyaShipBreakingYard
189
103
10.5
14.4
NA
CPCBStandards
200
100
80
80
2000
8.2.2.
WaterQuality
Thewaterqualitycanbeexpressedintermsofphysicalandchemicalcharacteristicsofwater.Theresultsof
surfaceandgroundwaterdatafortheDSIRaregiveninTable8.2.
With reference to the water quality standards mentioned in Appendix B, it is observed that the surface
waterandgroundwaterqualityoftheprojectareaissalineandarenotsuitablefordrinking.
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Table82:SurfaceandGroundWaterQuality
CONCENTRATIONINMG/LEXCEPTPH
Source
pH
TDS
TSS
Sulphate
Phosphate
Chloride
Turbidity(NTU)
Alkalinity
Iron
Hardness
SURFACEWATER
Creek
7.66
27940
2444
1782
0.83
13596
416
240
0.9
5700
GROUNDWATER
Borewell
7.17
5664
16
468
0.32
2444
0.9
260
Nil
1100
8.2.3.
Noise
Ambient noise data for the site is not available in published sources. The project area does not have
commercialandindustrialactivity;therefore,ambientnoiselevelsareexpectedtobewellwithinthelimits
specifiedbytheCPCBforruralandresidentialareas.ThenoiselevelstandardsaredescribedinAppendixB.
8.2.4.
BiologicalResources
Vegetation
TheProjectsiteanditssurroundingsexhibitsparsevegetationofshrubsandthornybushesandtreessuch
astheAustralianBabul,Neem,PiluandBoreareencounteredoccasionally.TheareaadjoiningtheGulfof
Khambathaspracticallynovegetationexceptformangrovesatsomelocations.
Fauna
TheVelavadarBlackBuckSanctuary,famousasoneofthefewBlackBuckhabitatsinthesubcontinent,is
situated just to the south of DSIR boundary covering an area of nearly 35 sq km of flat grasslands, the
Sanctuary is characterized by a unique grassland ecosystem that has attracted fame for the successful
conservationoftheBlackbuck,thewolfandthelesserknownFlorican.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has prescribed an eco sensivte zone in and aournd
Velavadar.TheDSIRareadoesnotfallwithinthisecosensitivezone.Theecosensitivezoneisasshowin
figure8.1
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Figure81:NaturalHabitatsinProximityoftheDSIRDA
8.3. RequirementsofEnvironmentalRelatedClearances
EnvironmentalPoliciesandtheLegalFrameworkfortheIndustrialMegaPark1
a. Article48Aand51AoftheIndianConstitution:
AsasequeltotheUNConferenceontheHumanEnvironment(1772),IndianParliamentin1776amended
the Constitution of India by introducing articles 48A and 51A. These articles incorporated environmental
concerns into the Directive Principles of the State Policy and Preservation and thus, protection of the
environmentwaspostulatedasoneofthefundamentaldutiesofallcitizens.
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b. GovernmentofIndiaEnvironmentalLegislations:
ActsandRulesrelevanttoenvironmentprotectionprevailandwillbeapplicableduringpredevelopment,
andprojectpreparationstageasindicatedinTable8.3.
EnvironmentalAdministration
TheMOEFisresponsibleforsettingpolicyandstandardsfortheprotectionoftheenvironmentalongwith
theCPCB.Thisincludesair,noiseandwaterqualitystandardsandtherequirementsforthepreparationof
EIAstatementsfordevelopmentalprojects.Table8.4indicatesclearancesrequiredforthedevelopmentof
the DSIR from various agencies, whereas Table 8.5 indicates applicability of various environment related
actsandrules.
Table83:ApplicableEnvironmentalActsandRules
ENVIRONMENTALACT/RULES
YEAROFNOTIFICATION
TheEnvironmentProtectionAct
1986
TheEnvironmentalAssessmentNotification
2006
TheForestConservationAct
1980
TheWater(PollutionPreventionandControl)Act
1974,amendedin1988
TheAir(PollutionPreventionandControl)Act
1981,amendedin1987
TheNoisePollution(RegulationandcontrolRules)
2000
TheMotorVehiclesAct
1988
CentralMotorVehiclesRules(Rules129through137)
1989
FlyAshNotification
2003
ManufactureStorageandImportofHazardousChemical
Rules
1989
Hazardouswaste(ManagementandHandling)Rules.
1989
Table84:EnvironmentalClearancesRequiredfortheDSIR
CLEARANCEREQUIRED
DESCRIPTION
GovernmentofIndia
MOEFClearance
TheDSIRwillbeclassifiedascategoryAdevelopmentandwillrequire
clearancefromMoEF,NewDelhi.
CRZClearance
TheProjectareaincludesexistenceofcreeksandpartofthesiteis
underCRZIandIII,thereforeCRZclearancewillbeneededforthe
projectfromMoEF.
StateGovernment
WildLifeClearance
TheBlackBuckNationalParkislocatedatabout4.0kmfromthesite
boundary,soclearanceisnotrequired.HoweverconsentofPrincipal
ChiefConservatorofForest(WildLife)musttobesoughtforapproval
ofthebufferwithintheDSIRforVelavadarBlackBuckSanctuary.
ForestDiversion&TreeCutting
In1986,whentheMoEFenactedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAct,
linearstretchesofroadsideplantationalongmanyoftheHighways
weredeclaredasProtectedForest.Thus,removaloftreesfrom
ProtectedForestsincludingroadsidetreesgivenaprotectedStatus
shallrequireclearancefromtheMoEF.
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Table85:ResponsibleAgencies,PoliciesandRegulations
AGENCY
STATUTE/POLICY
MinistryofEnvironment&Forests, TheEnvironment(Protection)Act
GOI
1986
PollutionControlBoard(State)
RELEVANTOBJECTIVES
Toprotectandimprovethequalityof
theenvironmentandtoprevent,
controlandabateenvironmental
pollution
TheForest(Conservation)Act,1927
TheForest(Conservation)Act,1980
asamendedin1998
TheForestConservationRules,1981
Torestrictdeforestationby
restrictingclearingofforestedareas
EnvironmentProtectionRules,1986
TheEnvironmentalImpact
AssessmentNotification2006
Toensurethatappropriatemeasures
aretakentoconserveandprotect
theenvironmentbefore
commencementofoperations
TheWater(PreventionandControlof Toprovideforthepreventionand
Pollution)Act1974asamendedin
controlofwaterpollutionandthe
1988
maintainingorrestoring
wholesomenessofwater
TheAir(PreventionandControlof
Pollution)Act1981asamendedin
1987
Toprovidefortheprevention,
controlandabatementofair
pollutionandfortheestablishment
ofBoardstocarryoutthese
purposes.
Environment&ForestDepartment The1972Wildlife(ProtectionAct),
Toprotectwildanimalsandbirds
throughthecreationofNational
ParksandSanctuaries
DepartmentofTransportand
DepartmentofPolice
TheMotorVehiclesAct,1988
TheMotorVehicleRules,1989
RulesofRoadRegulations,1989
Tocontrolvehicularairandnoise
pollution
Toregulatetransportsector
development
ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia,
DirectorateofArchaeology
Toregulateconstructionactivities
Toprotectandconserveculturaland
nearthemonumentsandsites
historicalremains
protectedbytheGovernment
AncientMonumentsand
ArchaeologicalsitesandRemainsAct,
1958
RevenueDepartment
TheLandAcquisitionAct,1894
Tosetoutrulesforacquisitionof
landbytheGovernment
departmentsandagencies
8.4. DevelopmentProposed
ThisPlanprovidesdetailsofthedevelopmentproposedwithintheDSIRoverthenext30years.Itincludes
the development of about 33,846 ha land outside the CRZ, (excluding area under open spaces, and
agriculture)comprisingindustrial,residentialandotherurbanusestogetherwithsupportinginfrastructure
including roads, railways, waste water & treatment facilities, solid waste disposal, drainage channels,
powergeneration&supplyinfrastructure,andallservicesrequiredtosupportatargetpopulationofabout
2millioninhabitants.
8.5. PotentialImpactandMitigationMeasures
Thissection assessestheenvironmentalimpactsoftheproposedurbandevelopmentin theconstruction
and operational phases. The project is generally expected to bring in positive social impact in terms of
employment for locals. In addition to employment, the infrastructure facilities in the project area and
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131|P a g e
surroundingswillimprovesignificantly.However,intheabsenceofduecare,developmentoftheDSIRmay
inducenegativeimpacts,duringtheconstructionandoperationalphases.
Basedonthebaselinedatacollectedfromsecondaryandpublishedsources,andfieldvisitstotheDSIRand
studyoftheprojectactivitiesfollowingthedesign,constructionandoperationphases;theenvironmental
impactsthathavebeenidentifiedarediscussedbelow:
8.5.1.
Climate
Limitations
Thisassessmentdoesnotaddressthewiderissueofclimatechangeandgreenhousegas(GHG)emissions.
GHGsarisefrommanyindustrialprocessesandalsofromagriculture.AlthoughGHGsarewidelythoughtto
becontributorstoclimatechange,therearecurrentlynoemissionstargetsagreedforIndiaatinternational
orNationallevel.AgreementssuchastheKyotoProtocolandanysuccessortreatiessuchasmayemerge
from the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen 2007 may nevertheless agree
internationaltargetsforcontrollingemissions.
Thereforeinthefuture,theGovernmentmaysetlimitsupontheemissionsofGHGsfromindustrialusersin
theDSIR.Howeveratpresent,GHGemissionsfromtheDSIRarenotsubjecttocontrolandhavetherefore
notbeenconsideredinthisassessment.
ImpactsduringPreconstructionandConstruction
LocalClimate:
The proposed construction activities during the development of infrastructure and during the
establishmentofIndustrieswilllikelygiverisetodustbutthiswillbelocalizedwithintheDSIRandwillbeof
somewhatshortduration.
No impact on the local climate is anticipated during the operational stage of the project, subject to the
limitationalreadystated.
Landscape:
Theexistinglandscapeisundistinguishedandisoflittlescenicvalue.Itcomprisesofsmalltreesandcrops.
This vegetation will be removed for construction work but will be replaced by landscape planting along
roadsandgreenbufferzonesontheedgesoftheindustrialplots.
ImpactsduringOperation
DuringoperationtherewillbepositiveimpactonclimateasplannedparksandopenspaceswithintheDSIR
willgrow.Therewillbenoimpactontopography.
Noimpactonclimateandtopographyisanticipatedduringtheoperationphaseoftheproject,subjectto
thelimitationsnotedearlier.
MitigationMeasuresduringPreconstructionandConstruction
Theremovaloftreesandvegetationwillbeminimizedduringtheconstructionphasetominimizeimpacts
on landscape and climate. Since rural villages and their surroundings are surrounded by a buffer zone,
thereforethecurrentlandscapeofvillageswillnotchange.
MitigationMeasuresduringOperation
Landscape planting along roads and buffers along industrial plots will account for natural vegetation lost
duringconstructionworks.
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8.5.2.
RuralServiceswithintheDSIR
During the construction phase there can be some minor impacts in the form of inconvenience to the
generalpubliclivinginruralareasduetomovementofconstructionvehiclesandmachineryandmaterial
handling.
Duringtheoperationphasetherewillbenoimpactsontheservicesoftheruralpopulation.Therewillbea
positiveimpactonservicestolocalpeopleastheprojectwillprovideimprovedconnectivity,watersupply,
andelectricitytolocalvillageswithintheDSIR.
Proper mitigation measures will be able to reduce the traffic disturbances. In a particular stretch, where
constructionactivitiesarebeinginitiated,localpeopleshouldbemadeawareoftheconstructionschedule
so that they cooperate with the construction activities. The contractor will provide safe and convenient
passage for vehicles and pedestrians. The contractor will not disturb the existing access for any
constructionactivitywithoutprovidingadequatealternateprovisions.
The existing utility lines (water supply, electricity, telephone) will not be disturbed until the alternative
supplysourceisconstructed.
Since no impacts have been identified on rural services during operation phase, therefore, no mitigation
measureiswarranted.
8.5.3.
AirQuality
ImpactsduringPreConstructionandConstruction
During the development of the DSIR (Roads, drainage, water supply, sewage network and power supply)
suspended particulate matter (SPM) and respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) level may rise
duetodustgeneration,fugitiveemissionsfromthevehicles,constructionequipmentandmachinery.The
dust generation will take place due to material handling at road and drainage work construction sites,
excavationoftrenchesforlayingofpipelinesforsewage,watersupplyandundergroundcablesforelectric
supply. The impacts will be localized, temporary and reversible. These will be limited to construction
duration.
During the operation phase impacts on ambient air quality will be due to vehicular emissions from the
vehicles,dieselgeneratorsetsintheeventofpowerfailure.Theindustrieshavebeenplannedbyandlarge
nonpollutinghencetherearenochancesofprocessemissionsfromtheindustries.
MitigationMeasuresduringPreConstructionandConstruction
In order to control the dust emissions there will be regular water spray at the construction sites. All the
construction vehicles and machinery will conform to latest Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
regulations. The contractor will submit Pollution under Control Certificates to the Project Management
Consultants (PMC). There will be regular environmental monitoring at construction site to check the
pollutionlevelsduringtheconstruction.Theenvironmentalmonitoringfrequencyhasbeenspecifiedinthe
monitoringplan.Thismonitoringplanhasbeengiveninthesubsequentsections.
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Duringtheoperationphasetheindividualunitswillinstallairpollutioncontrolequipment,ifrequired,as
per Consent to Operate conditions of Gujarat Pollution Control Board. In the project area and
surroundings there will be regular ambient air quality monitoring according to the environmental
monitoringplan.
8.5.4.
Noise
ImpactsduringPreConstructionandConstruction
Noise levels may increase during construction due to construction activities, movement of vehicles,
constructionmachineryandequipment,whichwillbetemporary,localizedandreversible.
DuringOperation
DuringtheoperationphaseincreasednoiselevelsintheDSIRwillbefeltduetomovementofvehicles,and
duetooperationofplantandmachinerieswithintheindividualindustries.
No construction activity will be permitted near the settlements during night hours. All construction
equipment, machineries, vehicles be fitted with noise controlling equipment and will adhere to CPCB
norms.
Workers in the vicinity of high noise levels will be provided ear plugs, helmets and shall be engaged in
diversified activities to prevent prolonged exposure to noise levels. At no instance noise levels at
construction site will exceed the limit of 70 dB (A) in an 8 hours limit recommended in the Factories Act
1756.
MitigationMeasuresduringOperationPhase
VehicularnoisewithintheDSIRwillbemitigatedduetotheplantingofshrubsandtreesinthemediansand
alongroads.TheapplicableambientnoiselevelsasperAmbientNoiseLevelStandardswillbe75dB(A)for
Daytime(06002100hours)and70dB(A)forNighttime(22000500hours).Withintheboundaryof
industrialareanoiselevelswillbecontrolledasperrequirementsoftheFactoriesAct.
Alldieselgeneratingsetstobeprocuredbytheindividualentrepreneurswillbewithacousticenclosures
according to the requirements of CPCB regulations. The nature of industries in the DSIR is such that
industries will not generate extensive noise as noise generating sources such as compressors, cooling
towers,andboilersarenotexpectedtobeinstalledatindividualindustrialunits.
8.5.5.
WaterQuality
SurfaceWaterQuality
Perennial surface water sources do not exist at the project site. River Lilka carries some storm
waterduringthemonsoon.
Theothersurfacewatersourcesintheprojectareaarevillageponds.Thesepondsarenotlikelyto
be impacted as in the project planning buffer area around villages has been left untouched. The
otherimpactislikelyduringconstructionintheeventofcontractorsusingthepondwaterforthe
constructionpurposes.
GroundWaterQuality
Thegroundwaterintheprojectareaissalineinnature.Therearenogroundwatersourceshaving
sweet water in the project area. Hence no impact on ground water potential is anticipated as
projectwillnotutilizegroundwaterduringconstructionoroperation.
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134|P a g e
ImpactsduringOperationPhase
Impactswillbefeltongroundwaterqualityandsoiloftheregionifdomesticsewageandindustrialwater
generationarenottreatedproperlyanddischargedonopenground.
MitigationMeasuresduringPreConstructionandConstructionPhase
Duringtheconstructionphase,allwastewatergeneratedatconstructioncampandconstructionworkers
campwillbedivertedtoseptictanks.Thecontractorwillprovidepropertemporarydrainsatconstruction
sitesduring monsoontoavoidaccumulationofstormwater.Theborrowareasforroadconstruction will
notbeoperatednearvillagessothatthesedonotactasstagnantpoolsformosquitobreeding.
MitigationMeasuresduringOperationPhase
Allwastewatergenerated(industrialeffluentanddomesticwastewater)fromtheDSIRwillbetreatedin
theSewageTreatmentPlants(STPs)andtheCommonEffluentTreatmentPlants(CETPs).Thetreatedwaste
waterwillbedischargedthroughnewlyconstructedlineddrains.Theexistingdrainswillnotbeusedforthe
dischargeofwastewater.
8.5.6.
FloraandFauna
Theprojectareahascommonfloraandfauna.TherewillberemovalofshrubsfromtheRoWofplanned
roadsandutilitiesnetwork.Theimpactonflorawillbetemporaryinnaturebecauseitwillregrowafter
completionoftheconstructionworks.Thereisnowildlifeintheprojectareaexceptdomesticatedfauna;
therefore,noimpactisanticipated.
During the operation phase there will be a positive impact on flora as shrubs and tree plantation will be
takenupalongtheroadsandinthevacantspaceintheprojectarea.Noimpactonfaunaofprojectarea
andsurroundingsisanticipatedintheoperationphaseoftheproject.
Duringtheconstructionphaseonlyvegetationandtreesmarkedwillbecut.Theworkersofconstruction
campswillbetrainednottohuntthelocalwildanimalsandnottocutthetreesforcooking.Thecontractor
willprovidecookingfuel(Kerosene/LPG)totheworkers.Thiswillbepartofthecontractdocument.
During the operation phase to compensate the tree cutting, there will be compensatory tree plantation.
Thiscompensatorytreeplantationwillbetakenintheratioof1:3i.e.:threetreeswillbeplantedforevery
treetobecut.
8.5.7.
SolidWasteGeneration
Solid waste will be generated through the dismantling of pavement, bituminous road during the up
gradationoftheexistingroutes,disposalofsubstandardconstructionmaterial,excesssoilgenerationdue
toexcavation,andwastegeneratedfromconstructioncamps.
Thecontractorwillneedtosubmitawastereduction,reuseandconstructionactivitywastedisposalplan.
Thiswillincludeapreviouslyidentifiedsitefordisposalofconstructionwasteanddebris,orarrangement
withconstructionwastehaulerstodisposethewastetotheauthoriseddumpingground.
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DuringoperationphasetwotypesofsolidwasteswillbegeneratedfromtheMegaIndustrialPark.Thetype
ofthesewasteswillbeasfollows:
a) ConventionalSolidWasteThiswastewillbegeneratedfromthehouseholdactivities
b) TheothermainsolidwastegeneratedatMegaIndustrialParkwillbefromindustrialoperationsat
individual industrial units. The sludge from CETPs will also be generated in significant quantities.
Thiswastewillbehazardousinnature.Theestimationofthiswasteisdifficultatpresentasexact
numbersofindustrieslikelytocomeuparenotknown.
Theabovewastesaretobedisposedoffproperlytoavoidgroundcontaminationandadverseimpacts.
Debris / solid waste generated will be reused during the construction. Waste generated from the
constructioncampswillbedisposedoffasperlawandtotheextentofsatisfactionofEngineerappointed
byDSIRDA
Thecleanupandrestorationoperationswillbeimplementedbythecontractorpriortodemobilization.The
contractorwillclearalltemporarystructures;disposeoffallgarbageandnightsoilswasteasdesiredbythe
engineer.Allconstructionzonesusedbytheprojectwillbeleftcleanandtidy,atthecontractorsexpense
andtotheextentofsatisfactionofengineer.
TheconventionalsolidwastewillbedisposedoffasperprovisionsofMunicipalSolidWaste(Management
andHandling)Rules2000.AmunicipalsolidwastedisposalsitewillbedevelopedintheDSIR.
ThehazardouswastegeneratedwillbedisposedoffasperprovisionsofHazardousWaste(Management,
Handling and Transboundary) Rules, 2008 and non hazardous waste will be disposed off along with
municipalsolidwastegeneratedatsite.
ImpactsandMitigationsforConstructionWorkersCamp
TheContractorstobeengagedfordifferentconstructionjobsarelikelytoengagelocallabourforvarious
constructionactivities.However,incaseofengagingmigratedlabourforthepurpose,thecontractorhasto
establish properly designed labour camps with all basic amenities such as proper water supply and
sanitationfacilities.TheEMPenvisagesmitigationmeasuresforlikelyadverseimpactsassociatedwiththe
labourcamps.
8.5.8.
InterferencewiththeLocalWaterSupply
DuringPreconstructionandConstruction
Thewaterdemandforconstructionactivitywillbesignificant,butcontractorswillarrangetheirownsupply
ofwaterfortheconstructionworks,therefore,interferencewiththelocalwatersupplyisnotanticipated.
DuringOperation
DuringoperationphasetherewillbeseparatelinesforwatersupplytoMegaIndustrialParkandtherewill
benointerferencewiththelocalsupply.
8.5.9.
AccidentsandRisks
Astheproposedworkinvolvesuseofheavymachineryandworkforcehasattimestoworkinaccidentand
risk prone conditions. If the contractor does not take reasonable precautions to prevent danger to the
workersandthepublicfromaccidents,theimpactswillbesevere.
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During operation phase there will be accidental risks due to vehicle collisions on roads of the Industrial
zone.
The excavated area shall be delineated properly with proper fencing and reflective markings to avoid
accidental fall of human beings or animals. All other precautionary measures shall be taken to prevent
accidents and risks from electrical equipment, and other hazardous activities. Provision of first aid and
emergencyresponsesystemtodealwithaccidentsshallbemaintainedattheconstructionsites.
Duringoperationphaseallroadswillbedelineatedwithreflectivemarkingsandroadsignagesandgantry
willbeprovidedasperstipulationsofIRC.
Theaccidentalrisksatindustrieswillbecontrolledthroughinhousesafetyauditsandthroughinstallation
ofsafetydevicesperrequirementsoftheFactoriesAct.
8.5.10. SocioeconomicConditions
The implementation of the project does not involve involuntary resettlement of people. However, there
maybelimitedacquisitionoflandfromprivateownersforhavingsomeofthecriticaltrunkinfrastructure
inplace.
Positive impact is anticipated in terms of employment opportunity as many skilled, semi skilled and un
skilledpersonnelwillgetdirectandindirectemploymentduringtheconstructionphase.
Therelativelyshortlivedmarginaleconomicimpactsduringconstructionphasearelikelytobeexperienced
in local communities, as workers will make everyday purchases from local traders. This is likely to give a
shortlived stimulus to these traders that will disappear as soon as the construction is complete. Wider,
flowon economic impacts will be experienced in other sectors of economy as a result of purchase of
constructionmaterialsandthepaymentofwagesandsalaries.
During the operation phase there will be positive social impact as there will be huge generation of
employment to the locals. The quality of life of the people living in local villages in the project area and
surroundingswillimprovesignificantly.SocialassessmenthasbeenpresentedinthefollowingChapter9.
It is recommended that a Grievance Redressal Mechanism be put in place to alleviate grievances of the
existingvillagecommunitiesandlandownerscausedduringthisstage.
ItisrecommendedthatsocialwelfaremeasuresbetakenupbyDSIRDA.Thedetailsofthesewillbeworked
outduringprojectimplementation.
8.6. EnvironmentalManagementPlan(EMP)
The project will be implemented as per provisions of The SIR Act 2009. As per this act there will be
formationofRegionalDevelopmentAuthority(RDA),hereDSIRDA.
To ensure the effective implementation of mitigation measures and environmental management plan,
duringconstructionandoperationphaseofthesubproject,itisessentialthataneffectiveEnvironmental
MonitoringPlanisimplemented.
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AmbientAirQuality(AAQ)Monitoring
RSPM,SPM,SO2andNOxaretobemonitoredattwoappropriatelocationsfromthecommencementof
construction activities. These locations will be identified by DSIRDA. These locations will change during
constructionphaseasintensityofconstructionwillchangeduringtheconstruction.Monitoringshouldbe
done near construction sites during construction phase in accordance to National Ambient Air Quantity
Standards.
The measurements of noise levels at two appropriate locations (locations same as that of ambient air
quality) should be carried out near construction sites during construction phase in accordance to the
ambientnoisestandardsformulatedbyMinistryofEnvironmentandForests(MoEF).
PH,DO,BOD,COD,TDS,TSS,Turbidity,Temperature,andconductivity(aspertherequirement)aretobe
monitoredatsurfacewaterbodies(villageponds).Maximumtwolocationswillbeselected.
Table8.6indicatestheinstitutionalframeworkforenvironmentalmonitoringoftheprojectwhileTable8.7
givestherecurringcosts.Table8.8givestheEnvironmentalMonitoringPlanforDSIR.
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Table86:InstitutionalFrameworkforEnvironmentalMonitoring
COMPONENT
PROJECTSTAGE
PARAMETER
STANDARDS
LOCATION
DUCATIONFREQUENCY
INSTITUTIONALRESPONSIBILTIES
IMPLEMENTATION
SUPERVISION
Water
Constructionstage
pH,DO,BOD,COD,
TDS,TSS,Turbidity,
Temperature,and
conductivity
Waterquality
standards
TwoLocationstobe Oncein3months
identifiedby
DSIRDA
Contractorthrough
approved
monitoringagency
DSIRDA
Air
Constructionstage
RSPM,SPM,NOX,
SOX
NationalAmbient
AirQuality
Standards
identifiedby
DSIRDA
Contractorthrough
approved
monitoringagency
DSIRDA
Noise
Constructionstage
Ambientnoiselevel AsperNational
NoiseStandards
identifiedby
DSIRDA
Contractorthrough
approved
monitoringagency
DSIRDA
OperationPhase
Air
Operationstage
RSPM,SPM,NOX,
SOX
NationalAmbient
AirQuality
Standards
Attwolocations.
Locationstobe
identifiedin
consultationwith
GPCB
Oncein3monthsfor
first5years
DSIRDAthrough
approved
monitoringagency
Approved
Monitoring
Agency
Water
OperationStage
pH,DO,BOD,COD,
TDS,TSS,Turbidity,
Temperature,and
conductivity
Waterquality
standards
Attwolocations.
Locationstobe
identifiedin
consultationwith
GPCB
Oncein3monthsfor
firstfiveyears
DSIRDAthrough
approved
monitoringagency
Approved
Monitoring
Agency
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Table87:RecurringCost
ITEM
FREQUENCY
UNITCOST
(RUPEES)
TOTALCOST
(RUPEES)
ConstructionPhase
AirQuality
Monitoring
Oncein3monthsexcludingmonsoonseasonat2locations(Total3samplesinConstructionphaseateachlocationin
eachyeartotal18samplesin3years)
6000
1,08,000
NoiseLevel
Monitoring
Oncein3monthsexcludingmonsoonseasonat2location((Total3samplesinConstructionphaseateachlocation;
total18samples)
1500
27,000
WaterQuality
Monitoring
Oncein3monthsexcludingmonsoonseasonat2location(Total3samplesinConstructionphaseateachlocation;total
18samples)
6000
1,08,000
Rs.2,43,000SayRs.
2,50,000
Totalcostfor36months
OperationPhase
AirQuality
Monitoring
Oncein3monthsat2locations(Total30samplesin60months)
6000
1,80,000
WaterQuality
Monitoring
Oncein3monthsat2locations(Total30samplesin60months)
6000
1,80,000
NoiseLevel
Monitoring
Oncein3monthsat2location(Total30samplesin60months)
1500
90,000
TotalCost
4,50,000
GrandTotal(Rs.)
7,00,000
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Table88:EnvironmentalManagementPlan
ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUE/
COMPONENT
REMEDIALMEASURES
APPROXIMATE
LOCATION
TIMEFRAME
INSTITUTIONALRESPONSIBILITY
IMPLEMENTATION
SUPERVISION
A.PreConstructionandConstructionPhase
Uncertainties
concerninglandand
otherasset
acquisition
ThecompensationwillbepaidtotheProjectAffectedPersons(PAPs)asper
RehabilitationandResettlementPolicyofGovernmentofIndia
DSIR
Duringpre
constructionand
construction
GovernmentofGujarat
DSIRDA
Existingwater
supplyandother
utilitylines
Duringdesign,itwillbeensuredthatwatersupplyandotherutilitiesmaynot
getaffected.
Ifanykindsofpublicutilitiesarerequiredtobeshifted,thenthisshiftingshall
bedonebeforestartofconstructionphaseandinminimumtimeduration.
DSIR
DuringPre
Construction
and
Construction
phase
GovernmentofGujarat
DSIRDA
B.ConstructionPhase
Constructionwaste
generationand
disposal
Duringtheconstructionphasethesiltandsolidwastegenerated,shallbe
disposedoffatthesiteapprovedbytheEngineerappointedbyDSIRDA
Theoperationsrelatedtothecleaning,removal,storageandtransportationof
thewastematerialsshallbeperformedinstrictadherencetothecentral&
GujaratPollutionControlBoardnorms.
Construction
sites
During
construction
phase
Contractors
DSIRDA
Useofwaterfor
construction
Thecontractorwillmakearrangementsforwaterrequiredforconstructionin
suchawaythatwateravailabilityandsupplytonearbycommunitiesremain
unaffected.
Forconstructionpurposewaterwillbetakenfromexistingsurfacebodiesi.e.
villageponds
Construction
sites
During
construction
phase
Contractors
DSIRDA
Constructionwastesshouldbecollectedanddisposedoffinan
environmentallysoundmannerassoonasconstructionisoverataparticular
stretch.Inaparticularstretch,whereconstructionactivitiesarebeinginitiated,
localpeopleshouldbemadeawareabouttheconstructionschedulesothat
theycooperatewiththeconstructionactivities.Forconstructionpurpose,
localwaterresourcesshallnotbeusedasvillagersaredependentontheseand
projectareasuffersfromsalinityingressionfromthesea.
Construction
sites
During
construction
phase
Contractors
DSIRDA
Sewagewaterfromconstructioncampandconstructionworkerscampwillnot
bedischargedwithstormwaterandwillbedisposedoffinseptictank.
Construction
Campandsites
During
construction
phase
Contractors
DSIRDA
RuralServices
Surfacewater
quality
DSIRDA
141|P a g e
ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUE/
COMPONENT
REMEDIALMEASURES
Airpollutionand
dustemissionsfrom
construction
activities
Vehiclestransportingconstructionwaste,looseandfinematerials,likesand
andfineaggregatesshouldbefittedwithtailboardstoreducespills.
APPROXIMATE
LOCATION
TIMEFRAME
IMPLEMENTATION
SUPERVISION
Construction
sites
During
construction
phase
Contractor
DSIRDA
Construction
Sites
During
construction
phase
Contractors
DSIRDA
Watersprinklingtosuppressdustshallbecarriedoutattheconstructionsites
(ifrequired).
Thecontractorwilltakeeveryprecautiontoreducethelevelofdustfrom
constructionactivitiesandmachinerieseitherbysprinklingofwateror
encapsulationofdustsourceandbyerectionofscreen/barriers/curtains.
Regularmaintenanceofmachinery,vehiclesandequipmentwillbecarriedout.
Allvehicles,plantsandequipmentusedinconstructionwillconformtothe
MoEF/GPCBairqualitystandards.
Ambientairqualitymonitoringshouldbecarriedtoensuretheeffectivenessof
mitigationmeasures.
NoiseLevels
Protectiondevices(earplugsorearmuffs)shallbeprovidedtotheworkers
operatinginthevicinityofhighnoisegeneratingmachines.
Constructionequipmentandmachineryshouldbemaintainedproperly.
Operationofconstructionmachineswillbescheduledtocoincidewithperiod
whenpeoplewouldleastlikelybeaffected.
Theunloadingofmaterialsatconstructionsitesin/closetosettlementswillbe
restrictedtodaytimeonly.
Noiselevelsshouldbemonitoredduringconstructionphaseandsuitable
controlmeasuresshouldbetaken,ifnoiselevelsarefoundtobeabovethe
prescribedstandards.
DSIRDA
142|P a g e
ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUE/
COMPONENT
REMEDIALMEASURES
Sanitationand
wastedisposalin
construction
camps/workers
camp
(Basedon
requirementof
camp)
Theconstructioncampswillbelocatedawayfromthehabitation.
Supplyofsufficientquantityofpotablewaterineveryworkplace/labour
campsiteatsuitableandeasilyaccessibleplacesandregularmaintenanceof
suchfacilitiesistobeensured.
Thecontractorwillprovidegarbagebinsinthecampsandensurethatthese
areregularlyemptiedanddisposedoffinahygienicmanner.
APPROXIMATE
LOCATION
TIMEFRAME
IMPLEMENTATION
SUPERVISION
AtConstruction
camplocations,
whereverlocated
intheproject
area
During
construction
phase
Contractors
DSIRDA
EntireDSIRarea
During
construction
phase
Contractors
DSIRDA
EntireDSIRarea
During
construction
phase
Contractor
DSIRDA
Workerscamps
During
construction
phase
Contractors
DSIRDA
Unlessotherwisearrangedbylocalsanitaryauthority,arrangementsfor
disposalofnightsoils(humanexcreta)willhavetobeprovidedbythe
contractor.
Contractorwillkeepthesewagesystemforthecampareainsuchafashion
thatnohealthhazardoccurs.
Separatetoilets/bathrooms,whereverrequired,screenedfromthosefrom
men(markedinvernacular)aretobeprovidedforwomen.
Adequatewatersupplyistobeprovidedinalltoiletsandurinals.
Temporarymedicalfacilitiestobeprovidedbythecontractortotheworkers.
10
Drainageandrun
off
Contractorwillensurethatconstructionmaterialslikeearth,stoneor
appendagearedisposedoffinawaynottoblocktheflowofwaterofany
watercourse.
Inadditiontothedesignrequirements,thecontractorwilltakeallrequired
measuresasdirectedbytheEngineerappointedbytheDSIRDAtoprevent
temporaryorpermanentfloodingofthesiteoranyadjacentarea.
11
Accessibility
Thecontractorwillprovidesafeandconvenientpassageforvehiclesand
pedestrians.
ThecontractorwillnotdisturbtheexistingaccesstothevillagesintheSIR
areaforanyconstructionactivitywithoutprovidingadequatealternate
provisions.
12
FloraandFauna
Thecontractorwilltakereasonableprecautionstopreventhisworkmenorany
otherpersonsfromremovinganddamaginganyflora(plant/vegetation)and
fauna(animal/bird).
Theunloading/dumpingofconstructionandwastematerialsshouldbedone
awayfromtheexistingtrees.
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13
ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUE/
COMPONENT
REMEDIALMEASURES
Safetynear
construction
activities
Toensuresafeconstruction,temporaryaccessesduringconstruction,lighting
devicesandsafetysignaldeviceswillbeinstalled.
APPROXIMATE
LOCATION
TIMEFRAME
IMPLEMENTATION
SUPERVISION
EntireDSIRarea
During
construction
phase
Contractors
DSIRDA
FirstaidfacilitiestobeprovidedbythecontractorattheconstructionsitesThe
contractorswilltakeallnecessarymeasuresforthesafetyoftrafficandpeople
duringconstructionandprovide,erectandmaintainsuchbarricades,including
signs,markings,flags,lightsandflagmenasrequiredbytheEngineerforthe
informationandprotectionoftrafficapproachingorpassingthroughthe
constructionareas.
Thecontractorswillcomplywithalltheprecautionsasrequiredforensuring
thesafetyoftheworkmenaspertheInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)
ConventionNo.62asfarasthoseareapplicabletothiscontract.
Thecontractorswillnotemployanypersonbelowtheageof14yearsforany
workandnowomanwillbeemployedontheworkofpaintingwithproducts
containingleadinanyform.
14
Contaminationof
soilfromfueland
lubricants
Constructionvehiclesandequipmentwillbemaintainedandrefueledinsucha
fashionthatoil/dieselspillagedoesnotcontaminatethesoil.
EntireDSIRarea
During
construction
phase
Contractors
DSIRDA
15
Contaminationof
soilfrom
constructionwastes
Constructionwastes,generated,willbedumpedbycontractorinconsultation
withEngineeratsuitablesite.
EntireDSIRarea
During
construction
phase
Contractors
DSIRDA
C.ContractorsDemobilization
16
Cleanup
Thecleanupandrestorationoperationsaretobeimplementedbythe
Operations,
contractorpriortodemobilization.Thecontractorswillclearalltemporary
Restoration
and structures;disposeallgarbageandnightsoilswasteasdesiredbytheEngineer
Rehabilitation
appointedbyDSIRDA.
EntireDSIRarea
Attheendof
construction
Phase
Contractors
DSIRDA
Allconstructionzonesused/affectedbytheprojectwillbeleftcleanandtidy,
atthecontractorsexpense,totheentiresatisfactiontotheEngineer.
DSIRDA
144|P a g e
ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUE/
COMPONENT
REMEDIALMEASURES
APPROXIMATE
LOCATION
TIMEFRAME
IMPLEMENTATION
SUPERVISION
D.OperationPhase
17
Environmental
Theenvironmentalmonitoringinrespectofambientairquality,waterquality,
Monitoring
in soilqualityandnoiselevelswillbecarriedoutaspermonitoringplan
respect of Ambient
Air Quality, Water
Quality,SoilQuality,
andNoiseLevels
Atidentified
locations
Operationphase
initialfiveyears
DSIRDA
ApprovedAgency
18
Environmental
Theenvironmentalmonitoringinrespectofambientairquality,waterquality,
Monitoring
in soilqualityandnoiselevelswillbecarriedoutaspermonitoringplan
respect of Ambient
Air Quality, Water
Quality,SoilQuality,
andNoiseLevels
Atidentified
locations
Operationphase
initialfiveyears
DSIRDA
ApprovedAgency
19
Maintenance
of
plantation, drains
and proper disposal
ofsolidwastes
EntireDSIRarea
EntireProject
life
ContractingAgency
hiredbyDSIRDA
DSIRDA
During
operationphase
ContractingAgency
hiredbyDSIRDA
DSIRDA
Theplantationwillbemaintainedproperly.Minimumsurvivalrateof
plantationininitial5yearsbemaintainedas75%.Thedrainsshouldbe
maintainedproperlyandtheseshouldbecleanedinpremonsoonseasonso
thatthereisnoaccumulationofstormwaterintheMegaindustrialPark.
ThesolidwastedisposaltobecarriedoutasperprovisionsofMunicipalSolid
Waste(ManagementandHandling)Rules2000andHazardousWaste
(Management,HandlingandTransboundary)Rules,2008.Innocasewastes
shouldbedisposedoffnearRuralareas,GulfofKhambat,andCRZarea.
Thecommoneffluenttreatmentplant,sewagetreatmentplantwillbeproperly CETPsandSTPs
operatedandmonitoringreportoftreatedeffluentsshallbesubmittedto
GPCBatregularintervalsasspecifiedinConsenttooperateconditionsof
GPCB.
DSIRDA
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CHAPTER9
SOCIALASSESSMENT
9.1.
Scope
146
9.2.
ExistingSocioeconomicConditions
146
9.3.
SocialImpact
149
9.4.
MitigationStrategy
149
9.5.
LandBasedEconomicOpportunities
150
9.6.
NonlandbasedEconomicOpportunities
150
9.7.
IntegrationofExistingVillageSettlements
151
9.8.
BenefitsoftheDevelopmentfortheVillageResidents
153
9. SocialAssessment
9.1. Scope
Thissocialassessmentisbaseduponthefollowingprimarydatasources:
2001Census;
GISdatabasedevelopedfromhighresolutionsatelliteimagery;
sitevisitstothearea;
researchintothelandacquisitioninIndiaand
discussionswiththeGIDBofficials.
Theoutputofthisassessmentis:
background data on the socioeconomic conditions in the DSIR, including population, sex ratio,
livelihoods,literacy,landownershipandlandfarmsize,andaccesstocommunityfacilities;
assessmentoflikelysocioeconomicimpacts;
mitigationmeasureswithspecificattentionontraining;
recommendationonlandprocurementthatprotectstheinterestofthelocalfarmers.
9.2. ExistingSocioeconomicConditions
9.2.1.
Population
TheDSIRcontains22villagesandhousesapopulationoflessthan40,000accordingtothe2001Census.A
summaryoftheexistingdemographiccharacteristicsisgivenintheTable9.1.
9.2.2.
WorkForceandEmployment
ThepopulationgainsitslivelihoodpredominantlyfromfarmsasshownintheTable9.2,OccupationPattern
ofVillages.
Table91:DemographicCharacteristicsoftheVillageSettlements
VILLAGES
POPULATION2001
SEXRATION
LITERACYRATE
Bavaliyari
2325
909
49
Bhadiyad
2630
741
72
Bhangadh
1734
942
37
Bhimtalav
141
932
61
Dholera
2637
908
76
Gorasu
2484
911
72
Zankhi
526
977
38
Kadipur
923
850
67
Khun
1628
913
52
Mahadevpura
1211
895
23
Mingalpur
2133
986
25
Mundi
705
986
53
Ottariya
1950
791
83
Panchi
891
908
60
Rahatalav
1395
865
37
Sandhida
989
913
67
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VILLAGES
POPULATION2001
SEXRATION
LITERACYRATE
Sangasar
1609
911
70
Hebatpur
5236
953
54
Ambli
1972
930
51
Gogla
1245
878
43
Cher
342
911
69
Sodhi
3007
934
61
Total
37713
906(Average)
55(Average)
TheTable9.2(nextpage)revealsthatthevastmajorityoftheexistingpopulationdependsuponfarming
fortheirlivelihood,withveryfewpeopleinvolvedinindustry.
AvarietyofcropsaregrownintheDSIR,themainonesbeingwheat,cottonandjowar,althoughgramand
jeeraarealsogrown.Thereissomedoublecroppingwiththeaidofirrigationbutgenerallythesoilispoor
andtheareaisnota highlyproductive.Salinityisamajorproblem,especiallyontheeasternsideof the
area.Insomevillagestheproportionofthelandundercultivationisveryhigh,forexampleatPanchiitis
97%butinothervillagesontheeasternboundaryofthesite,farminglandcanbeaverylowproportionof
thevillagelandarea.
Cultivatorsarethemajorityoftheworkforceandtheproportionofmarginalfarmworkersisfairlyhigh,at
about35%.Theproportionofmaintomarginalworkersvariesgreatlybetweensettlements,reflectingthe
different land ownership characteristics of each settlement, including the quality of land and size of the
settlement.
Comparing the results of the 2001 Census with that of the 1991 Census reveals that there has been a
marginal net loss of the total rural workforce (percentage of total workers to total population) in
DhandhukaTalukaintheinterveningperiod.Thelosshasbeengreatestinthecategoryofmainworkersat
nearly6percentandtheproportionofmainworkerstototalworkerhasdecreased,sothattheproportion
of marginal workers has gone up. The marginalization of the workforce manifests itself in migration and
joblessnessinmuchofthestudyarea.
DSIRDA
147|P a g e
Table92:OccupationalPatternbyVillage
VILLAGE
TOTAL
POPULATION
TOTAL
WORKERS
%TOTAL
WORKERS
TOTAL
MAIN
WORKERS
%MAIN
WORKERS
%TOTALMAIN
CULTIVATORS
%TOTAL
MAINAGRI
CULTURAL
LABOURER
TOTAL
MAIN
OTHER
WORKERS
%TOTAL
MAIN
OTHER
WORKERS
TOTAL
MARGINAL
WORKERS
%TOTAL
MARGINAL
WORKERS
Bavaliyari
2325
1190
Bhadiyad
2630
1274
51
618
52
19
56
149
24
572
48
48
1107
87
20
32
525
47
167
13
Bhangadh
1734
685
40
374
55
28
37
126
34
311
45
Bhimtalav
141
63
45
16
25
38
56
47
75
Dholera
2637
810
31
799
99
34
455
57
11
Gorasu
2484
1429
58
1178
82
35
36
319
27
251
18
Zankhi
526
176
33
131
74
117
89
45
26
Kadipur
923
463
50
324
70
46
27
57
18
139
30
Khun
1628
740
45
740
100
14
59
193
26
Mahadevpura
1211
520
43
115
22
48
60
52
405
78
Mingalpur
2133
743
35
724
97
29
495
68
19
Mundi
705
201
29
201
100
21
71
16
Ottariya
1950
785
40
333
42
28
12
182
55
452
58
Panchi
891
330
37
182
55
56
15
51
28
148
45
Rahatalav
1395
401
29
342
85
33
63
12
59
15
Sandhida
989
373
38
161
43
42
89
55
212
57
Sangasar
1609
761
47
433
57
42
24
146
34
328
43
Hebatpur
5236
2857
55
1327
46
40
19
542
41
1530
54
Ambli
1972
691
35
509
74
33
45
107
21
182
26
Gogla
1245
715
57
468
65
43
32
108
23
247
35
Cher
342
105
31
103
98
40
40
21
20
Sodhi
3007
1474
49
804
55
31
20
390
49
670
45
Total
37713
16786
45
10989
65
30
31
4169
38
5797
35
DSIRDA
148|P a g e
9.3. SocialImpact
Although a proportion of land to be developed is already in Government ownership, private land will be
requiredtobedevelopedtomeetthescaleofdevelopmentenvisagedintheDSIR.
Privatelandholdingsrangebetweenlessthat1hatoover5ha.Howeveritisbelievedthatthenumberof
landownersexceedsthenumberofplotsbysomemarginbecausethesubdivisionofplotshasnotbeen
reflected on revenue plots, and separate plot numbers have not been extended to plots having multiple
owners. Furthermore many individual owners would have stakes in multiple plots. Larger plots may also
haveheirswhohaveyettoregistertheirinterest.Afulllandownershipsurveywillthereforeberequiredin
ordertoascertainacomprehensiveandaccuratecompensationandassistancepackage.
Agricultureisthepredominantoccupationofthestudyarea.Increaseinpopulationwithinthestudyarea
will reduce this proportion substantially. This points towards the need to ensure that the skills of local
peopleisimprovedandanextensivelivelihoodsupportsystemsisputinplaceforthebettermentofthe
existingvillagecommunities.
Marginalworkerswhodonotownlandareamongstthemostvulnerabletothechangesbroughtaboutby
urbandevelopmentbecausetheyhavenoassetstosellandtheywillrequireparticularhelpandassistance.
9.4. MitigationStrategy
Minimisingthesocialimpactshasbeenoneofthefoundationstonesintheentireprocessofevolvingthe
Draft Development plan for the DSIR. The basic elements considered while conceptualising the plan
include:
detailedassessmentofthelandownershippatterns;
existinglanduse;
usabilityofland;
integratingtheexistingvillagesettlementsaspartoftheoverallDraftDevelopmentplan.
9.4.1.
InclusiveGrowth
TheDraftDevelopmentplanisderivedontheprinciplesofinclusivegrowthratherthanexclusivegrowthof
theregion.TheDraftDevelopmentplanmakesaprovisionforacomprehensivevillageintegrationstrategy
discussed in Section 9.7, to accommodate the natural future growth in these settlements by constituting
villagebufferzonesasalanduse.
Besides the fact that spatial planning has been able to ensure that no original inhabitant of the region
needs to be relocated in order to protect and conserve the existing social fabric of the society, social
impacts on the livelihood and income opportunities cannot be completely avoided to achieve the
objectives of planned development, where contiguity plays a vital role. Any development plan without
propersupportingstrategiestomitigatethenegativesocialimpactscannotbeconsideredasplantargeted
towards inclusive growth. Though, efforts have been made even to minimise the negative impacts on
livelihood through protection of agricultural land as far as possible, but for the purpose of unlocking the
Government owned land and achieving the targeted development over next 30 years plan period,
protectingeachand everyparceloflandisnotpossiblethroughspatialplanningmeasures.Thus,certain
unavoidable negative impacts on the livelihood have to be mitigated through a planned economic
rehabilitationstrategy.
DSIRDA
149|P a g e
9.4.2.
ProvidingNewEconomicOpportunities
It is recommended that a multipronged strategy covering the existing village communities of the region
includinglandownersandlandless,cultivatorsandagriculturallabours,menandwomen,andtheagedand
youthbeadopted.Thestrategiesforeconomicrehabilitationcanbebroadlyclassifiedunderthefollowing
categories:
LandBasedEconomicOpportunities
NonlandBasedEconomicOpportunities
9.5. LandBasedEconomicOpportunities
Thelandbasedeconomicopportunitieswouldinclude:
LandManagementStrategybasedonTownPlanningSchememodelasexplainedinChapter10of
thereport.(Suitableforeconomicsustainabilityoftheagedpopulation)
FacilitatinglinkagesbetweenthelandownersofreadjustedlandandtheinvestorsforPPPModel
asexplainedunderChapter10.(Suitableforeconomicsustainabilityoftheagedpopulationandthe
families)
The land owners provided with readjusted land would need to be trained to negotiate with the
industry/developersforgivinglandforindustrialuseonleaserentalbasisratherthanoutrightsale
basis; or industrial houses settingup industries could be encouraged to provide certain share
holdingtothelandowner.Itwouldhelpthelandownerstoensureregularincomefromtheland
allottedtothem.
The owners could also be encouraged to invest in housing and commercial uses to have an
opportunity for rental incomes, for which the people would need to be supported through
appropriatecapacitybuildingmeasures.
Planninginformalsectoractivitieslikevegetablemarkets,smallkiosksandconvenientshoppingas
partofthemicrolevelplansandgivingpreferencetothelandlessandindirectlyaffectedpersonsin
the allotment of such spaces and regulating informal activities through trade license for small
vendors.(Suitableforlandlessandilliterateandlowliteracylevelpopulation)
Facilitating agricultural training for improved productivity for farmers left with part of their
agriculturallandandextensionoffacilitiesforseedsandfertilizersforimprovedproductivity.
Forbiggerindustrialhousesattractedtoinvestintheregion,effortsshallbemadetoencouragethemto
facilitateandsupporttheimprovementofactivitiesandfacilitiesrelatedtofarmingandthequalityoflife
oftheoriginalinhabitantsoftheareaaspartoftheirCorporateSocialresponsibility.
Notificationofentirelandneededforthepurposeofplanninganddevelopmentregulationsbutallowing
thepossessionoflandtoremainwiththepeopleitisactuallyneededfortheexecutionofinfrastructure
works.Theycancontinuetousethelandfortheirownpurposeinthemeantime.
9.6. NonlandbasedEconomicOpportunities
9.6.1.
EncouragingInvestorsforLocalemployment
Contractors for infrastructure development as well as industries would also need to be encouraged to
provideappropriateemployment,education,healthcarefacilities,priorityincontractworkandothersuch
priorities at different places for which DSIRDA shall prepare the database of potential persons from the
affectedfamiliesforvarioustypesofemploymentandprovidethisdatabasetoindustries.
9.6.2.
TrainingforSupportServicesintheIndustry
Largenumberofsupportserviceswillberequiredbothintheindustrialaswellasresidential/commercial
sector. The Gujarat Urban Development Mission under the Urban Development Department is
DSIRDA
150|P a g e
implementingastatewideUrbanEmployabilityProgrammewiththenameUMEED(Hope).Theprogram
is being implemented through a network of NGOs and their partner institutions. At present, three nodal
NGOs are responsible for implementation of this programme throughout the state with one region
comprisingoffewdistrictsallocatedtoeachnodalNGO.ThesenodalNGOsare:
SAATHCharitableTrust;
CAPFoundationand
AidetAction.
These nodal NGOs are managing the employability programme based on networking with other smaller
partner organization. This has been quite successful in developing skills amongst the urban poor for
meeting the requirements of the growing urban activities in industrial, commercial and service sector.
SAATH Charitable Trust, an Ahmedabad based NGO with its partner institutions is responsible for
implementationofUMEEDin8districtsincludingAhmedabad.
ArrangementofFinanceforProvisionofEconomicOpportunities
Themajorcostsanticipatedunderprovisionofbothlandbasedandnonlandbasedeconomic
opportunitieswouldinclude:
Communityfacilitationcosts(mainlyhiringchargesforNGOs)
LandMarketingandTieupCosts(mainlyatthelevelofDSIRDA)
TrainingCostsforSkillUpgradingandSkillDevelopmentforNewTrades/Activities(NGOs/Training
Institutions)
Theprovisionstofinancetheseeffortsneedtobemadeaspartofthefinancialplansforthedevelopment
of DSIR and these costs (human resource development costs) shall be treated at par with infrastructure
development cost and forming a part of the project cost. Based on the experiences from other
developmentprojects,provisionsequivalentto5%oftheprojectcostscouldbemadetoaddresstheissues
relatedtoresettlementassistanceandeconomicrehabilitationoftheaffectedfamilies.
9.7. IntegrationofExistingVillageSettlements
Acriticalelementoftheoveralldevelopmentstrategyistheintegrationoftheexistingvillagesettlements
with the proposed urban land uses. A rapidly changing physical environment that is driven by external
developmentalforcessuchasaplannedGreenfielddevelopmentliketheDSIR,exertsimmensepressureon
the rural populace. While the opportunities in terms of overall capacity building through education,
technical training, and access to public facilities and infrastructure will increase with the proposed
industrialdevelopmentbymultifold,sowillthelocalresidentsbeexposedtothechangingurbanformand
lifestyle. Therefore the need to formulate a strategy for streamlining the interaction between the village
settlements and the proposed urban land uses was felt early in the planning process. Village Buffers will
howeverbeunderthejurisdictionofDSIRDA.
9.7.1.
ComponentsoftheVillageIntegrationStrategy
The objective of the village integration model is to enable optimization of the benefits from the
surrounding development and minimize any detrimental impact on the social structure, lifestyles and
integrityofthevillagesettlements.
Thecomponentsofthevillageintegrationstrategyare:
CreationofVillageBufferZones,asaseparatelandusecategoryintheDraftDevelopmentplan,
ZoningregulationstodeterminethelandusesintheVillageBufferZone,
ImplementingvillagebufferbyTownPlanningSchemes.
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151|P a g e
9.7.2.
VillageBufferZones
Thestrategyseekstomaintainabufferzoneintheareaimmediatelysurroundingthevillage.Itisintended
that the buffer lends a distinctive character to the areas surrounding the settlements, which would be
differentfromtheotherurbanlanduseselsewhereintheDSIR.
Theprincipleobjectivesofthebufferzonesare:
PhysicaldemarcationofareasintheDraftDevelopmentplanforprioritizingcontinuedexistingway
oflifeinvillagesettlements,
Easetheintegrationofsettlementswiththesurroundingurbanlandusesovertime,
Givethevillagersasenseofcontrolontheirimmediateenvirons,
Preventoverdevelopmentinthevicinityofthesensitivevillagefabric
The extents of the Village Buffer Zones for all settlements of the 22 villages will be as illustrated on the
Spatial Land Use Plan (Refer Figure 3.7). The positioning of the buffer zone around different settlement
varieswithrespecttothesurroundinglandusesandroadnetwork.
TheVillageBufferZonewillbepredominantlyaresidentialzonewithsupportingcommunityamenitiesand
neighbourhoodretailuses.AseparatesetofzoningregulationswillgoverncharacteroftheVillageBuffer
Zones,discussedinGeneralDevelopmentControlRegulations.
9.7.3.
SensitiveUpgradingoftheExistingSettlement
Thecurrentbuiltformwithintheexistingsettlementareasisweatherwornandinpoorconditionatsome
places. In addition to laying out plots and infrastructure network for new development, the plan for a
VillageBufferZoneaddressestheissueofneededupgradestoexistinginfrastructureandintegrateitwith
theoverallnetworkoftheDSIRfor:
Pipedwatersupply
Stormwaterdrainage
Sewagenetwork
Some village settlements such as the ancient port town Dholera, have structures of heritage value.
Therefore,theplanforanyVillageBufferZoneshouldfirstidentifythebuildings,streetsorprecinctswithin
the existing built fabric that need upgrading. A mechanism for implementing upgrades to the identified
areas should also be drawn as part of the plan. This may include providing assistance to the property
owners, in case of individual buildings or the Panchayat, in case of public buildings/streets/precincts in
terms of use of the appropriate technology and sources of financial support to retain and enhance their
value.
9.7.4.
PublicParticipation
Participation of the village residents in determining the development within the Village Buffer Zone is a
vitalcomponentofthestrategy.
This strategy mandates that workshops or community charrettes should be organized in order for the
village residents to express their preference and agreement to the overall pattern of development. This
willbeensuredduringpreparationofTownPlanningScheme.
9.7.5.
VillageAssistanceCell
In order to ensure smooth implementation of the intended development of the Village Buffer Zone,
upgradingoftheexistingsettlementarea,andtoensurethatthelocalpopulationreceivesthebenefitsof
the surrounding urban development, it is proposed that a village assistance cell, called as the Dholera
WelfareSocietybecreatedintheDSIRDA.
ThefunctionsoftheDholeraWelfareSocietywouldbeasfollows:
DSIRDA
152|P a g e
ToserveasamediumofdirectcontactbetweenthePanchayats,thevillageresidentsandDSIRDA;
Protectthelanddevelopmentrightsofthevillagers;
AssistDSIRDAformanagingfundsallottedforupgrading/developinginfrastructure.
9.8. BenefitsoftheDevelopmentfortheVillageResidents
TheplannedurbandevelopmentwithintheareanotifiedastheDSIRwillbringaboutcertainbenefitsfor
the local village residents. An overall improvement in the standard of living will be induced through the
followingpositiveaspectsofurbandevelopment:
Capacitybuildingthroughtechnicalandnontechnicalskillstraining;
Employmentopportunitiesintheindustrialsectorsandothersupportingsectors;
Increaseinincomelevels;
Decreaseinunemploymentthroughdirectandindirectemployment;
Increaseinliteracylevelsandqualityofeducationthroughaccesstobettereducationfacilities;
Increaseinhealthcarefacilitiesandimprovementinlifeexpectancy;
Improved infrastructure facilities such as water and power supply, sewage and drainage network,
transportation,communicationandcommunityfacilitiesinthevillagebufferzonesandvillagesettlements.
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CHAPTER10
IMPLEMENTATIONANDREGULATORYFRAMEWORK
10.1.
Introduction
154
10.2.
LegislationandGovernance
156
10.3.
InstitutionalFrameworkoftheVillageSettlements
157
10.4.
LandManagementMechanisms
157
10.5.
TheProposedStrategyforDSIR
160
10.6.
KeyFeaturesoftheProposedLandManagementStrategy
162
10.7.
CommunityServiceCharge
163
10.8.
PlanMonitoringandReview
165
10.9.
SingleWindowClearance
166
10. ImplementationandRegulatoryFramework
10.1. Introduction
ThesuccessofDSIRingeneratingwealth,employmentandanattractiveandsustainablelivingenvironment
dependsuponanumberoffactors,notjustuponthehowwellthenewcityisplanned.Keyingredientsto
the creation of a viable city are an appropriate legislative framework, a clear and equitable structure of
governance, a sound economic base, good financial management, and an effective regulatory system for
thecontrolofdevelopment.
ThecomponentsoftheimplementationframeworkforDSIRareshownonFigure10.1.
ThefigureshowswhereeachelementoftheimplementationframeworkisdealtwithintheDSIRstudy.This
Chapter provides a summary of those elements that are not covered in any other report or chapter. It
coversthefollowingaspectsofimplementation:
LegislationandGovernance,
LandProcurement,
CommunityServiceCharge,
PlanMonitoringandReview.
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154|P a g e
ImplimentationFramework
Legislation
GujaratSIRAct 2009&GTPUDAct 1976
Governance
D S I R DA
Finance
SpatialPlanning
LandManagement
Strategy
BroadEstiamtesIncluding
Operations&MaintenanceCosts
PlanningFramework
DevelopmentPlanReport
CostsPreFeasibilityStudies:
DevelopmentControl
RegulationGuidelines
(Report2)
Developmentoftheregionalrailinfrastructure
WatersupplysystemforPhase1development
FoodManagementsystemforPhase1
development
Renewableenergy&Powerdistributionscheme
Housingforindustrialandconstructionworkers
BroadCostBenifitAssessment
CommunityService
Framework
Figure101:ImplementationFramework
DSIRDA
155|P a g e
10.2. LegislationandGovernance
ThelegalframeworkandorganisationalmechanismforthedevelopmentofDSIRhasbeenestablishedby
the Gujarat Special Investment Region Act, 2009. This sets out a clear institutional structure for
developmentoftheDSIR.
The passing of this Act and the establishment of the Dholera Special Investment Regional Development
Authority(DSIRDA)laythefoundationsforthedevelopmentofamodernandefficientcityconsistentwith
the spirit of good urban governance. It will be important to build upon this sound legislative and
institutional framework and ensure that the process of implementing the Draft Development plan brings
aboutthedynamicgrowthenvisagedinthisPlan.
This section summarises the highlights of the Gujarat SIR Act, 2009 and sets out recommendations on a
frameworkthatwillberequiredtoimplementandregulatethedevelopmentoftheDSIR.
10.2.1. TheGujaratSIRAct2009
TheSIRActprovidesfortheStateGovernmenttodeclareanInvestmentRegionasanSIR.TheActprovides
for,amongstotherthings:
TheDSIRtobeoutsidethejurisdictionofthelocalareaexceptforthevillagesettlement(gamtal);
Declaration of the Gujarat Infrastructure Development Board (GIDB) as the Apex Authority and a
RegionalDevelopmentAuthority(DSIRDA).
Asummaryofrolesoftheseorganisationsaregiveninthesectionsbelow.
10.2.2. TheApexAuthority
AsperSection6oftheGujaratSIRAct2009,theApexAuthority(GIDB)haspowertomakeregulationsfor
thedevelopment,operation,regulationandmanagementofDSIRDA.Ithasthepowertoapprovewithor
without modification, plans for the use of land within DSIR including the Draft Development plan, Town
Planning Schemes and General Development Regulations proposed by DSIRDA. It also has power to
approveanyeconomicactivity,amenityorinfrastructureprojectwithintheDSIR.
TheApexAuthorityshallalsofixandapproveuserchargeratesproposedbyDSIRDA,aGovernmentAgency
or the developer of infrastructure projects and propose to the State Government provisions for the
development,operation,regulationandmanagementoftheDSIR.
TheApexAuthoritymayappointanExecutiveCommitteeandsubcommitteesordesignatesuchpowersto
theExecutiveCommitteeoftheGIDB.HoweverthecorefunctionsoftheAuthority,suchasapprovaland
modificationoftheDraftDevelopmentplanorTownPlanningSchemes,shallnotbedelegated.
10.2.3. TheDholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionalDevelopmentAuthority
As per Section 15 of the GSIR Act, 2009; DSIRDA has now been established by the Government for
governanceintheDSIR.ResponsibilitiesoftheDSIRDAareasfollows:
DevelopmentoftheDSIR;
ThemanagementandplanningoflandandinfrastructurewithintheDSIR,includingthepreparation
oftheDraftDevelopmentplan,TownPlanningSchemesandtheirexecution;
Regulation of development in the peripheral areas of the DSIR (within 3km radius from DSIR
boundary);
Reconstitution/AllocationoflandwithintheDSIRbysale,lease,grant,allocation,donation,town
planningscheme,consent,agreementorinconnectionwiththeGTPUDAct1976;
Enterintocontract,agreementsorconcessionsinordertoperformitsfunctions;
Toexecuteworks;
Tolevyfees;
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156|P a g e
To control development in accordance with the Draft Development plan, including building
regulationapproval;
Toensureandmakeprovisionforcommunityandcommercialfacilitiesandinfrastructure;
Framegeneraldevelopmentregulations.
OtherProvisionsoftheAct
TheApexAuthorityshallbethesinglepointofcontactforstartingeconomicactivitiesorinfrastructurein
theDSIR.
TheStateGovernmentmaysetupordesignateGovernmentagenciesandassignpowerstothemincluding
designation of a nodal company. Nodal companies may be assigned many functions including conceiving
and detailing projects, financial structuring, marketing, raising finance, promoting and bringing on board
theprivatesector,aswellasimplementingprojects.
DSIRDA may transfer assets, including land, to a Government company or private entity or concession
agreementforthedevelopmentofinfrastructureoramenities.Theymayalsoenterintoagreementwitha
developer for carrying out work in the DSIR as stipulated in the Gujarat Infrastructure Development Act
1999 or set up a special purpose vehicle for developing or managing a particular project within the DSIR
boundary.
The Act also allows private entities with a minimum area of land to undertake integrated development
withintheDSIR,subjecttotheprovisionsoftheDraftDevelopmentplan.
State and other local authorities are not allowed to develop projects within the DSIR without the
permissionofDSIRDA.
TheareawithintheSIRboundaryisdefinedasanindustrialtownshipwithinthemeaningofclause(1)of
Article243QoftheConstitution.
LandneededforTownPlanningScheme,DraftDevelopmentplanorinfrastructureshallbedeemedtobe
landneededforpublicpurposeswithinthemeaningoftheLandAcquisitionAct1894.
10.3. InstitutionalFrameworkoftheVillageSettlements
It is proposed that the existing village settlements and the land area under the Village Buffer Zones will
continuetobegovernedbytherespectiveVillagePanchayats.Allthe22villagesandtheirsettlementswill
be represented in the DSIRDA by a village assistance cell, called as the Dholera Welfare Society, whose
functionsareenlistedinSection9.7.5.
TheplanrecommendsthatDholeraWelfareSocietyshouldincludeatleastanurbanplannerandasocial/
capacitybuildingexpertalongwithrepresentativesoftheVillagePanchayatsasitsmembers.Thisisinview
ofhandlingconflictsthatariseduringtheplanningandimplementationofanydevelopmentintheVillage
Bufferzone.TheareainVillageBufferzonewillbeunderthejurisdictionofDSIRDA.
10.4. LandManagementMechanisms
Landisthekeycomponentofurbandevelopmentandtheformulationofaneffectiveandequitableland
procurementstrategyiscriticaltothesuccessfulimplementationoftheDraftDevelopmentplan.Thereare,
verybroadly,twoapproachestolandprocurement;onethroughcompulsorypurchasewithcompensation
under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and the other through Town Planning Schemes under the Gujarat
TownPlanningandUrbanDevelopment(GTPUD)Act,1976.
10.4.1. ApproachesBasedUponLandAcquisitionandCompensation
Traditionally Government development agencies have relied on the conventional Land Acquisition Act,
1894 to acquire land from the farmers and private owners. The Act covers the entire land acquisition
process from notification, hearing of grievances through to the award of compensation. Land acquisition
underthe1894Acthasanumberofadvantages:
DSIRDA
157|P a g e
Largelandparcelscanbeassembledrapidlyforurbanizationpurposes;
The Government and development agencies benefit from the appreciation in land values in the
changeofusefromagriculturaltourbanlanduses;
ItbecomesrelativelystraightforwardtoimplementtheDraftDevelopmentplan.
However, because the major benefits of urban development in this process accrue mainly to the
developmentagenciesandprivatedevelopers,existinglandownersperceivethattheyhavebeenunfairly
compensated, which results in a large numbers of legal disputes between the Government agencies
(acquiringbody)andthelandowners(affectedpersons),somuchsothatlandacquisitionundertheActhas
become a very politically and socially sensitive issue nationwide. The disadvantages of land acquisition
underthe1894Actarepredominantlysocialandinclude:
Lowcompensationrates;
Lackoftransparencyandsubjectivityinworkingoutthecompensation;
Absenceofanymechanismforsharingofbenefitsfromdevelopmentwiththeoriginallandowners;
Lackofconsiderationfortheeconomicrehabilitationoftheaffectedpersons,manyofwhomlack
theknowledgeandabilitytofindalternativemeansoflivelihoodortoinvesttheircompensation
wisely.Asaresulttheyendupinthelargepooloflowwage,unskilledlabourers:
Disruptioncausedinthesocialstructure;
Lossofownershipofapermanentassetwhichisastrongstatussymbolinthesocietyaswellhave
associatedpsychologicalaspectsofinheritanceandfamilyvalues;
Atimelagbetweentheacquisitionandactualdevelopmentofthelandacquiredfordevelopment,
sothatfarmersoftenseetheirlandlyingvacantandunproductiveyettheyhavebeendeprivedof
theirlivelihood;
Thedevelopmentagenciesrequirelargeamountsofcapitalforbulklandacquisition.Thishastobe
fundedbyStateGovernmentthroughbudgetallocations,whichareusuallytightorloans.Lackof
allocated funds may therefore adversely affect the timely acquisition and anticipated pace of
development.
Economic growth and improved access to the media and information in the country in the past two
decadeshasresultedinincreasedawarenessamongstfarmersabouttheimplicationsanddisadvantagesof
compulsorylandacquisitionfromtheirownperspectiveandasaresultthereisnowverystrongresistance
tolandacquisitionundertheAct.
In response to the shortcomings of the existing Act, the Land Acquisition (Amendment) Bill, and the
Resettlement and Rehabilitation Bill 2007 were tabled in the Parliament but lapsed. The Bills were
introducedafreshin2009.AlthoughtheBillhasanumberofgoodelements,suchasmeasurestoensure
theadequateresettlementandrehabilitation(R&R)ofprojectaffectedpersons(PAPS),andcompensation
baseduponmarketvalues,itisalsonotwithoutshortcomingsandoppositionhascontinued.Nevertheless
it was reported that the Bills were passed in the Lok Sabha on 26 February 2009 but still need to be
approvedbytheRajyaSabhaandPresidentofIndiabeforebecomingalaw.
AnumberofStateGovernmentshaveevolvedalternatewaysofacquiringlandfordevelopmentpurposes
in order to minimise the resistance from the owners. Notable amongst these are the Haryana Royalty
modelandtheUttarPradeshNegotiatedSettlementModel.
10.4.2. LandPoolingandLandReadjustmentModels
Approaches based upon land pooling take many forms. They may be initiated by groups of land owners,
farmersorbyphilanthropistsonacommunityorcooperativebasis,orbyGovernmentbodies.
Thereareanumberofgoodexamplesofcommunityandphilanthropicinitiatives.Onesuchisthatadopted
by farmers from Magarpatta village in Pune, who pooled together 400 acres of farmland and set up a
private limited company of farmers to develop a commercialcumresidential project. The farmers were
DSIRDA
158|P a g e
DraftDe
evelopmentPlan(D
DDP)
dwithsharesinthecom
mpanyinproportiontoth
hevalueofttheirlandan
ndtheseshaarescanbessold
provided
to the members
m
fam
milies only. In this modeel, the farme
ers investingg land for urrbanization process
p
receeive
their retturns in the form of neew homes, dividends
d
on
n the sharess, rent from tenants and income frrom
contracttualworksfo
orthecompaany.Theotheeradvantage
eofthismod
delwasthatthefarmerscouldcontin
nue
the agriicultural acttivities untill the construction worrk was starrted. The m
model provid
des long teerm
investmeentsofthelaandforcontinuousreturrnsratherthaanasingle,lumpsumco
ompensationpayment.
Themajorlimitation
nofthisand similarmod
dels,suchas ShriBhaikakkauniversityyvillageatV
Vidyanagarnear
Anand,iisthatthep
projectinvolvvesarelativelysmallgro
oupofland ownersand requiresthe
eircooperattion
overareelativelylimitedlandareea.Itcouldnottherefore
ebeusedasamodelforalargeurbaandevelopment
projecto
ofthescaleo
oftheDSIR.
10.4.3. TownPlanningScheme
es
TheGovvernmentofGujarathasadoptedTow
wnPlanningSchemeModelasperth
heGTPUDAcct1915(54,7
76).
Under th
his model, the developm
ment authorrity brings to
ogether a grroup of landowners for the purposee of
planninggandaTownPlanningSSchemeforttheareaisp
prepared,layyingouttheeroadsand plotsforpublic
andsociialamenitiess.Theremaininglandis reconstitute
edintofinal plotsfortheoriginalow
wners,with the
sizeofth
hefinalplot inproportio
ontothesizeeoftheoriginalplot,and
ditslocation
nascloseaspossibletothe
original plot.Infrastructurecosttsarerecoveeredbylevyingabettermentchargeeonthelandownersbased
onthecostoftheinffrastructure..
Atownp
planningschemeunderttheprovision
nofGTPUDA
Act,1976maaybemadeinrespectofanylandwh
hich
is
1)
2)
3)
4)
Inthecourseeofdevelopment;e.g.fig1
Likelytobeu
usedforresidentialorco
ommercialorindustrialo
orforbuildin
ngpurposes;e.g.fig2
A
Alreadybuilt
tupon;e.g.ffig3
A
Alreadybuilt
tupon;e.g.ffig3
Imag
geSource:Man
nualforPrepara
ationofTownP
PlanningSchem
mes;EPC,ICE,GU
UDC
Town Pllanning Scheeme providees legislativee support an

nd finance for
f implementation. Th
he fundamen
ntal
objectivee of the readjustment technique is to make land available for development at least cost to
developmentauthorritiesandimprovetheen
nvironmente
effectively.
g
of land
d holding in a planned m
manner. Th
his is essentially
Town Planning Scheeme is used to make a group
achieved
d by providing each un
nit with a public
p
road access and regularizingg the shape
e of each plot.
Compen
nsation is paid to land owner of thee land taken away for ro
oads and public facilitiess. At the saame
time, beetterment charges know
wn as increemental contribution arre collected from each owner to the
maximumof50perccentoftheeestimatedinccreaseinthe
elandvalue afterplotreeconstitution
n.Thefundssso
generateedareutilizeedforthedeevelopmento
ofinfrastructtureandcom
mmonfacilitiieswithinthe
eschemearea.
Thelocaalplanningagencieswou
uldbeablettoattainthe
edualobjecttiveofcontrollinghaphaazardgrowth
has
well as the
t timely provision
p
of physical
p
infrastructure such as roads, sewers,w
water supply etc. and social
pmentAutho
ority,Gandhinagar
DSIRDA
159|P a g e
infrastructurelikeschools,hospitals,parks,openspacesetc.,andsocialinfrastructureburden.Becauseof
its self financing nature, Town Planning Schemes are also implemented in areas already developed, but
withlackofadequateinfrastructure.
Theincreaseinthelandvalueresultingfromthedevelopmentaccruestotheoriginalownerwheneverthe
landissoldanddevelopedforurbanuse.Theadvantagesofthismethodfromthedevelopmentagencys
pointofviewisthatitdoesnothavetoacquireanylandorbearthecostofinfrastructureprovisioninthe
longterm.
Poolingmodelssimilartothe Gujarat TownPlanningSchemehavebeenusedinothercountries,notably
AustraliaandKorea.
10.5. TheProposedStrategyforDSIR
Areviewofvariousexamplesin Town Planning Schemessuggeststhateach approachhasitsadvantages
and disadvantages, both in its impacts on land owners and the development agencies. The approach
adoptedmustneverthelessmustbalancethelegitimaterightsandconcernsofthelandowners,besocially
andeconomicallyfairtoallpartiesandstillbeaffordabletotheGovernment.
Inviewofthepotentiallyconflictingobjectivesitisconsideredlikelythatasolutionacceptabletoallparties
canonlybearrivedatafterextensivepublicconsultationandcommunityparticipation.Thismustbeoneof
thefirstprioritiesofthedevelopmentauthorityassoonasithasbeenestablished.
Under the Town Planning (TP) Schemes land is not acquired by the Government agency. It is reshaped,
readjustedandreturnedtotheoriginalowner.GenerallywhenaTownPlanningSchemeislaidinanarea,a
certainpercentoflandisdeductedfromoriginalplotandutilisedinprovidingcommoninfrastructureand
facilities like roads, gardens, play grounds etc. Land parcels retained by the authority are then used for
publicpurposes.Evidently,thelandareaofalandownerdecreasesbutoverallvalueofthelandincreases
several times because with the implementation of the Town Planning Schemes, the land parcels become
moreorganisedandaccessiblewithbetterinfrastructureprovision.Overvariousexperiencesithasbeen
observedthatTPSchemeshaveprovedtohavebetteracceptanceamongmasses.
The mechanism of Town Planning Scheme has been chosen in DSIR for implementation of Draft
Developmentplan.TheentireareaofDholeraSpecialInvestmentRegionhasbeendividedintosixTown
PlanningSchemesasshowinfigure(page161)underGTPUDAct,1976.Theprimaryfocusistodevelopthe
landinDSIRwithouthavingtoacquireanylandforinfrastructureandotherlandusedelineations.
The principle for reconstitution of plots under TP Scheme is so designed, that final plot after mandatory
deduction, is allocated as close to the original plot as possible. The Government is also considering
exemptiontobetterment/developmentcharges,forthefinalplotsbeingallocated,willnotbeleviedonthe
private owner. Hence the entire process is devised to be a winwin for both Government and Private
owners.
Landforroadsincludingthe250metreexpresswaycorridorandothermajorinfrastructure,asdefinedin
theDraftDevelopmentPlan,willalsobeprovidedthroughlandallocationunderTPSchemes
TheAuthorityshouldbeallocatedconsolidatedportionsofstrategicallylocatedlandduringreconstitution
inordertofacilitatecreationofinfrastructureaswellasinordertoleveragethevalueoflandwiththecost
ofprovisionofinfrastructureinDSIR.LandbeingallocatedtotheGovernmentwillbeusedforsale,lease
andinotherwaystobalanceexpensesincurredduringdevelopmentinfrastructure.
DSIRDA
160|P a g e
Figure102:TownPlanningSchemesinDSIR
DSIRDA
161|P a g e
10.6. KeyFeaturesoftheProposedLandManagementStrategy
Theproposedstrategyinvolvesanumberofdifferentorganizations,andcomprisesanumberofdifferent
componentsandstages.ThesearesummarizedinFigure10.3andexplainedbelow.
Figure103:LandManagementStrategyforDSIRDA
10.6.1. TheRoleoftheRegionalDevelopmentAuthority
DSIRDA will be responsible for the land management process. Specialist departments will be established
withintheDSIRtoprepareTownPlanningSchemesforthedevelopmentoftheDSIRaccordingtotheDraft
Developmentplan.Therehavebeenanumberoflargeurbandevelopmentschemesundertakenelsewhere
inIndiaoverrecentdecadesandavaststoreofexperienceandexpertisehasbeenbuiltup.DSIRDAwillcall
upon this body of knowledge and pool of talent in putting together their team to implement the DSIR
project.
10.6.2. PublicConsultationandParticipation
A participatory approach to development is proposed to ensure that land development in the DSIR
proceedssmoothlyandisequitabletoallsectionsofthecommunity.VillagePanchayats,landownersand
landless labourers all need to be consulted and involved in the process of development through
participatoryforums.ExperiencedandreputabledevelopmentorganizationsandNGOsshouldbeinvitedto
adviseandfacilitatethelandprocurementprocess.
Publicconsultationneedstobecommencedattheearliestopportunityinordertoinformthepopulationof
theDSIRoftheDraftDevelopmentplanandtheprocessofurbandevelopment.Theyshouldbeinformed
onhowtheycanbeinvolvedindecisionmakingandtheirrightsaslandowners,residentsandagricultural
workers.
DSIRDAwillprepareaphasedlanddevelopmentprogramme.AcommitteecomprisingmembersofDSIRDA,
State bodies such as land revenue department, infrastructure companies and village panchayats
representatives will be formed to oversee the land management process. The precise make up of this
DSIRDA
162|P a g e
committeeanditsrulesandregulationswillbedeterminedbytheGovernmentofGujaratinconsultation
withprojectstakeholders,includingindustrialbodiesandlandowners.
10.6.3. TPSchemephasingstrategy
As mentioned above DSIR has been divided into six Town Planning Schemes. In order to expedite the
process of development, implementation of Town Planning Schemes will be completed in three phases.
ThefirstphasewillconcentrateonquickintroductionofTownPlanningSchemesone&twotogether,along
withprovisionofbasicinfrastructurenotablyroads,watersupplyanddrainage.ReconstitutedGovernment
landwillbereleasedupfrontorasandwhenrequired,fromtheseTownPlanningSchemes,tohelpkick
start/boosttherateofdevelopmentinDSIR.Thelandtobereleasedthroughthisphasewillbeequivalent
tothequantumoflandrequiredforthefirst5yearsofindustrialandresidentialdevelopment.Thephasing
oftheschemeswillbeasunder
Phase1:InTownPlanningScheme1(~52sqkm)&2(~102sqkm)
10.7. CommunityServiceCharge
Fromtheoutset,theDSIRDAwillneedtoestablishaclearfinancialmodellinkingstandardsofservicewith
appropriate levels of user or community service charge (CSC). The CSC needs to be competitive,
transparent and stable if it is to be approved by the major stakeholders and prospective owners and
tenantsoftheDSIR.
An important aspect of such a charge will be a detailed appreciation of the phasing options and
requirements in order to maximize the sites revenue potential from the outset. Service charges can be
applied to both commercial properties and potentially also to residential properties, depending on the
vision and preferences of the developers and knowledge of if and how much the domestic market is
willingtopay.
10.7.1. SettinganAppropriateServiceCharge
GiventhatfewcommunitiescurrentlychargeafullycommercialCSC,anattractiveCSCmustbe:
1) associated with superior levels of service delivery that are differentiated from the free services
providedbytheNational,regionalandlocalauthorities;
2) competitivewithotherprivatedevelopmentsinIndiaandaroundtheworld;
3) notbeseenasadeterrentbyprospectivebuyersand/ortenants.
4) The DSIRDA will be an unregulated monopoly service provider for the public realm. Property
ownersatthesitewillmakesubstantialinvestmentsandwillnotsimplybeabletomoveoutifthey
are dissatisfied with levels of service or the level of CSC. The service charge needs to be easily
understoodbyownersandresidentswhowillbeparticularlyconcernedaboutitsefficiency,equity
andsustainability.
Efficiency
Receivingbestvalueservices;therightlevelofservicetoprovidethemwiththeamenitytheyexpectatthe
rightprice;
Equity
Payingforwhattheyuseandnotcrosssubsidisingothers;whilealsopayingtheDSIRDAforreasonablebut
notexcessivelevelsofprofit;
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163|P a g e
Sustainability
Sustainabilityoveranextendedperiodoftimei.e.nosurprisesintermsofunexpectedCSCincreasesdue
to unforeseen costs in addition, they also need to be satisfied that sinking fund provisions are not
excessive.
10.7.2. AStableCSC
Fromtimetotimemajorcapitalmaintenance,rebuildingandmodificationoftheinfrastructureassetswill
inevitablyberequired.ThisshouldnotleadtolargeincreasesinCSC.Eveninrelativelynewdevelopments,
therehavebeeninstancesoflargeunplannedincreasesinCSCleadingtohighlevelsofdissatisfaction.This
hascommercialimplications.OwnersandresidentswillneedtobeassuredthatthelevelofCSChasbeen
set correctly and that adequate but not excessive sinking fund provisions have been made for capital
maintenanceandrebuild.NotonlythelevelofCSCbutitsannualadjustmentshouldbespecifiedfromthe
outset.
10.7.3. KeyIssuestobeAddressed
These are fundamental decisions that will need to be established early and refined before a final CSC is
established:
ChargingStrategy
TheCSCismadeupofanumberofelementsofcostincludingreturnoncapitalandprofit.Anindicative
magnitudeofthevariouscostelementsisshowninFigure10.4alternativerevenuesourcessuchasparking
charges,roadtolls,concessioncharges,advertisingrevenue,andplanningfeescanhelptoreducetheCSC
leviedonresidents.
UltimatelytheCSCwillbeafunctionofachargingstrategywhichwilldefine:
TheextentofassetstobemanagedandtheservicestobeprovidedbyDSIRDA;
Thelevelsofservicetobeprovided;
Theefficiencyoftheoperations;
ThelevelofriskthatDSIRDAanditsshareholdersarewillingtotakeintermsofunforeseencostsor
priceinflationwhichwilldefinesinkingfundprovisions;
Thelevelandcostoffinancing;
Theprofitobjectivesoftheventure;
ZoningStrategy
TypicallytheCSCwillbeintheformofascheduleoftariffs.TheCSCforanindustrialplotwilldifferfrom
thatofresidentialpropertyandthetariffforanapartmentwilldifferfromthatforabungalow.Similarly
hotelsandcommercialpremiseswith alargenumberoftransientoccupantsmaypayadifferentlevelof
CSCfromresidentialpremises.ACSCzoningstrategyshouldbeestablishedasfaraspracticalonthebasis
ofthelevelofconsumptionofcommunityservicesandtheoccupantsabilitytopay.
FinancialPlanning
Transition funding will be required before full occupancy is achieved. The construction programme, the
availability of property for sale or occupation and forecasts of occupancy will define the revenue for the
development.TheDSIRDAwillneedtoestablishtheseearlytoenablefinancialforecaststobecompleted
andstartupcapitalneedstobeidentified.
Takingoverandmanagingtheassets
Delineating the scope of DSIRDAs services, taking over the inscope assets and activities and ensuring a
smoothtransitionofotherservicesandassetstootherproviderssuchasutilitiesanddevelopersisavery
significanttask.Specificchallengesinclude:
DSIRDA
164|P a g e
Demarcation of assets and services these need to be carefully defined and comprehensively
documentedfortakeoverbyanypartyandanyinterfacesneedtobemanaged;
AssetsbeingtakenoverbytheDSIRDAneedtobecataloguedandthebaseconditiondocumented
toformthefoundationforfutureassetmanagement;
Asfaraspossiblecontractorsongoingwarrantiesandmaintenanceprovisionsneedtobeutilisedafterthe
takeoverofassetssoastominimisecoststotheDSIRDAinthetransitionperiod.
Figure104:IllustrativeCompositionoftheCommunityServiceCharge(CSC)
10.8. PlanMonitoringandReview
The Draft Development plan must not be seen as a static document, fixed for a 30 year period. It is
essentiallyastructureplan,whichmustberegularlyupdatedandrevisedifitistoremainrelevant.
Neither is the Plan a detailed land use plan but rather a framework for harnessing socioeconomic and
spatialdevelopment.MoredetailedTownPlanningSchemesandactionplanswillneedtobepreparedfor
smallerpartsoftheDSIR overtime. TheDraftDevelopmentplanwillneverthelessneed tobeconstantly
updatedandrevisedsothattheoverallstrategicguidancethatitprovidesremainsvalid.
10.8.1. Monitoring
Theaimsofthemonitoringwillbeto:
MeasuretheimplementationofthePlanovertime;
EnsurethedevelopmentisinlinewiththePlanstrategy;
EnsurethateconomicandsocialchangescanbereflectedinrevisionstothePlan;
Assesstheeffectivenessofplanpoliciesandwhethertheyneedtobeadjusted.
Therangeofdatatobemonitoredwouldincludebutnecessarilybelimitedto:
Permissionsgivenfortheconstructionofnewhousingunits,theircompletionandoccupation.This
datashallincludethesizeandtargetincomelevelmarketoftheunits;
Population in the DSIR according to the regular census data or other surveys, including in
migration,emigrationandhouseholdsizestatistics;
DSIRDA
165|P a g e
Permissionsgivenfortheconstructionofindustrialandcommercialplotsandbuildings,including
thetypesofindustryusesandfloorspaceprovided;
EmploymentintheDSIR,includingnewlycreatedjobsandskilllevels;
Permissions given for the construction of community facilities, including the intended uses and
floorspaceprovided;
Developmentinthevillagebufferzones;
Detailsofallinfrastructuresuchastheroadorutility,typeoffacility,pipenetworksandsoonand
provisionofwaterandelectricitytovillagesandnewhousingareas;
AgriculturalproductioninthefarmlandswithintheDSIR,includingcrops,yields,andirrigation;
TrafficsurveysonroadswithinandtoandfromtheDSIR;
Publictransportprovisionincludingservicesprovidedandpatronage;
Environmental monitoring of air and water quality and the condition of any sensitive ecological
habitats;
DatawillbemanagedelectronicallyintheGISformat.
10.8.2. Review
The Draft Development plan is divided into three phases, each phase being of ten years duration. It is
necessarytoupdateplansonaregularbasis,especiallystrategicplanscoveringalongperiodoftime.For
theDraftDevelopmentplanapartialrevieweveryfiveyearsisrecommendedandamorethoroughreview
andamendmenteverytenyears.
IftheKalpasardamprojectreceivesfinalapprovalandafirmconstructionprogrammeisinplace,thenthis
willatriggerforamajorreviewoftheDraftDevelopmentplanandnecessaryamendment.
TownshipSchemesandActionAreaPlanswillneedtobepreparedforthedevelopmentareasoftheDSIR
in accordance with the overall phasing programme. The programme of detailed plan preparation should
startinthePhase1.
10.9. SingleWindowClearance
In order to facilitate quick and timely approvals of development proposals, it is recommended that the
DSIRDAadoptsaSingleWindowClearanceprocedure.
The Single Window Clearance system in the Pune Municipal Corporation is a good example of such an
effective system for building plan approvals. An architect or citizen seeking approval of the building plan
can submit specifications of the project in digital format after converting the drawings in the format
requiredbythesoftware(PreDCR).Threesubmittalsarerequired:
TheprojectdrawingsinPreDCRformat,
Thecorporationdrawing,and
TheFormdetailingoutthevariousareacalculationsoutlinedbythePMC.
SoftwarehasbeenspeciallydevelopedandcustomizedtothePMCDevelopmentControlRegulations.The
submissioncanbedoneinanelectronicformatbyemailorbysendingaCD.Ascrutinyisperformedbythe
software along with a report as an output. The report either summarises possible defects in the plan, or
givesanapprovalcertificateifallthebuildingconstructionnormsaremetwith.Theapprovedproposalsare
registeredinthePMCserverandthensenttothebuildingsanctiondepartment.Thereafter,theapplicant
isissuedinstructionstopayarequiredfeeforgettingthehardcopyoftheapprovalandcommencement
certificate.Thesystemisnotyetfoolproofandeffortsareontoimprovethesoftware.
DSIRDA
166|P a g e
Chapter11
BROADCOSTESTIMATES
11.
BroadCostEstimates
167
11. BroadCostEstimates
11.1.1. Overview
Broadcostestimatesfortheproposedservicesforthefollowingitemshasbeenpreparedbasedoncertain
technicalassumptionssuchasthesiteconditions,assumptiononmaterialusedandfutureexpansionand
costenhancementwithtime.Thecostingincludesbelowmentionedheadsofthedevelopmentelements:
civilworksforproposedconstructionandutilityservices;
mechanicalandelectricalworks;and
areadevelopmentincludinglanddevelopment.
IthasbeenconceptualizedthatmostinfrastructurecomponentsfortheDSIRwillbedevelopedonaPPP
modelwithanactive participationofindustrialhouses,realestatedevelopers,infrastructuredevelopers,
hospitalityindustry,tourismindustry,healthcareindustryandsoon.
The micro level and internal physical infrastructure and social infrastructure will be developed by the
developerorbytheindustryandifatanystagelocalgoverningbodydecidestodevelopsometownshipsor
commercialdevelopmentonitsowntoboostthedevelopmentprocesstoattracttheinvestor,thecosting
required to be incurred on internal development will be computed on the basis of area. This aspect is
mentionedseparatelyinthecostingsheet.
Table11.1and11.2indicateasummaryoftheCAPEXandtheannualOPEXbroadcostestimatesderived
forDSIRDA.
Componentsaccountedfortoarriveontheestimateatmacroandintermediatelevelforcostofphysical
andsocialInfrastructuredevelopmentandtheirsupportingassumptionsarelistedinTable11.3.
Table11.4&11.5(page174&178)indicatesthebroadcostestimates.
DSIRDA
167|P a g e
Table111:SummaryofCAPEXEstimates
SR. ITEM
NO.
PHASEWISECOSTESTIMATE(crorerupees)
PHASEI
PHASEII
PHASEIII
SUBTOTAL
ESTIMATED
CAPEXBUDGET
640
336
280
1256
2,196.81
3,805.37
1,778.86
7,781.04
580
300
210
1,090
LandImprovementSchemes
Roadwork
RegionalRailwayLine
LRTSystem
4240
1440
5,680
Earthworks
763.2
900
675
2338.2
Watersupply&distribution
1,612.5
2,384.86
1,210.62
5,207.99
Sewerage
732
1,037.64
501.36
2,271.00
StormwaterDrainage
704
854.59
320.61
1,879.20
FloodManagement
225
238.75
20
483.75
10
Solidwastemanagement
136.12
267.73
145.55
549.40
11
Landscaping&Signage
200
325
175
700
12
PowerSupply
1,191.25
2,092.50
976.25
4,260
13
RenewableEnergyPlant
14
CaptivePowerPlant
15
1,392
1,392
405
405
405.
1215
StreetLighting
105.75
180.81
88.14
374.70
16
Telecommunications
66.29
122.06
60.25
248.61
17
GasGrid
28.00
22.40
16.80
67.20
18
PublicfacilityBuildings
174
395
369
938
SubtotalCAPEXbyPhase
11,723.91
18,007.72
8,744.44
38,476.06
PhysicalContingencies@10%
3,847.61
TotalCAPEX
42,323.67
Note:
1) Costofrenewableenergy,CaptivePowerPlant&GasGridhavebeenexcludedforfinancialmodelling
2) Costestimatesatpresentprices
DSIRDA
168|P a g e
Table112:AnnualOPEXEstimate
SR.
NO.
ITEM
ANNUALOPEXCOSTESTIMATE(crorerupees)
PHASEI
PHASEII
PHASEIII
LandImprovementSchemes
Roadwork
22.87
32.35
15.12
RegionalRailwayLine
15.9
6.3
LRTSystem
63.60
21.60
Earthworks
Watersupply&distribution
63.65
97.67
50.21
Sewerage
32.37
49.26
24.63
StormwaterDrainage
31.20
34.46
9.62
FloodManagement
6.75
7.16
0.60
SolidwasteManagement
24.50
48.19
26.20
10
Landscaping&Signage
30.00
48.75
26.25
11
Powersupplydistribution
59.56
104.63
48.81
12
RenewableEnergyPowerplant
13
CaptivePowerPlant
14
StreetLighting
10.58
18.08
8.81
15
Telecommunications
1.99
3.66
1.81
16
GasGrid
17
Buildings
5.22
11.85
11.07
304.60
528.66
251.04
3,045.98
5,286.60
2,510.40
TotalOPEXbyPhase
For10Years
TotalOPEXfor10years
10,842.98
1) O&Mcostforrenewableenergy,captivepowerplant&gasgridasCAPEXcostsnotfactored
2) Costestimatesatpresentpricesincluding100%occupancy
3) OPEXestimateincludescontingencies
DSIRDA
169|P a g e
Table113:ComponentsoftheBroadCostEstimates
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
TECHNICAL/DESIGNASSUMPTION
LandDevelopment
AreaGrading
Areagradingandearthworkhasbeen
LandDevelopment
consideredasfollows:
Forfloodprotectiononlyraisingof
levelinnotrequiredbutcombination
ofproperdrainagesystem,River
management,smallbunding,fillingand
cuttingtomaintainproperslopehas
beenconsideredbasedontheavailable
contours
SubGradepreparationformajorroads,
secondaryroads,railwayembankment
hasbeenconsideredwithgoodearth
Hugequantityofavailablefromcutting
duetowaterfrontdevelopment,pond
developmentwillbeutilisedinlocal
andminorroadswithstabilisation,
smallbundingforrivertrainingetc
Forutilitybuildingandsocialbuilding
fillingwithgoodearthisrequiredto
avoiddirectcontactofstr.toblacksoil.
Subsectorlevelfillingwillbenotmuch
andwillbedonebythedeveloper
Practicallyonabout40%arearequire
filling
Land
Improvement
Aspertheuses,loadingandbuildingtype.
ForRoadConstruction:
MajorRoadsandSecondaryRoadPVD
withsustainedloadingtoincreaseSBC&
CBR.Itwillsavethecostinroadcrust.
LocalRoadandVillageroadSoil
Stabilisationwillbedonewithlimeto
improveCBRofexistingsoil.Itwillsave
thecostinroadcrust.
ForWaterretainingstructurelikewater
tank,WTPstr,STPstr,PVDorStone
pileswillbeconsidereddependingupon
theloadofthestructure.
Forthedevelopmentofcontaineryard
landimprovementwithPVDsustained
loadisconsideredforsomearea.
Buildings:
Landimprovementisnotrequiredfor
buildingdevelopmentarea.Selectionof
foundationismoreimportantwith
respecttotheSBCofsoilinthatarea,
useandloadingofbuilding.Itmaybe
pilefoundation,Raftfoundationand
isolatedfootingforlightandsmall
structure.
Extracareisrequiredtobetakenin
designingofplinthprotectionandits
jointswithbuilding,itshouldnotbe
DSIRDA
MATERIALASSUMPTION
170|P a g e
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
MATERIALASSUMPTION
directlylaidonblackcottonsoilasjoints
mayopenupduetoexpansiveproperty
ofexistingsoil
Costofallthesemeasuresinbuilding
hasbeenconsideredinbuildingcost.
Transport
Infrastructure
Power
Infrastructure
Power
Infrastructure
RoadTransport
costingisdoneassumingflexible
pavementsonly
costingisdoneforroadportiononly
abovetheformationlevel
costingincludescostofsubbase,base
andsurfacecourses
Broadcostestimatesincludeculverts,
minorbridges,majorbridges,
underpasses,Gradeseparatoretc.
costoffootpaths,median,trafficsigns,
markingsisincludedinthecosting
RoadNetworkhasbeenconsideredup
toSubSectorlevelonly.
LRT
Costincludescorridor,stationsand
othercivilworks.
Thecostestimatesforthemechanical
andelectricalcomponents
Signallingcostsforautomaticsignalling,
routerelayinterlockinginstallation,train
supervisorycostetc.wereconsidered
Rollingstockisthattheyareair
conditionedcoacheswithautomatic
doorclosures
RailTransport
Costincludescorridor,othercivilworks.
Generalcivilworksliketracklaying,
utilitydiversion,tractionsubstationsetc.
mechanicalandelectricalcomponents
foritemslikesubstationsandservice
connectionshavebeenconsidered
Signallingcostsforautomaticsignalling
hasbeenconsidered.
Landacquisitioncostsareincluded
Costincludes6standardstationsinthe
loop,outofwhich2willbewithinthe
boundaryoftheDSIR
Costofrollingstockisnotconsidered
Transmission
andDistribution
Overheadtransmissionlineasper
GETCODesignnorms.
PowerInfrastructure
SubStations
400/132/33/11KVSubstationhasbeen
consideredwithSCADASystem
HTSystem
WithinDevelopmentunderground
cablingwithunitisedtransformers.
LTSystem
WithinDevelopmentunderground
cablingwithbothsideoperablepanel
DSIRDA
TransportInfrastructure
171|P a g e
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
SelectionbasedonLUXlevelrequired
forvariousROWwithautomation
systemandelectronictimerdevices
StreetLighting
Water
Infrastructure
Water
Distribution
System
ForRawwaterconveyance,augmentation
andliningofproposedfourminorsof
Vallabhipurchannelhasbeenconsidered.
MATERIALASSUMPTION
WaterInfrastructure
WaterfromcanaltoWTPwillbe
pumpedfromsumpconstructedincanal
throughMSPipe.
AftertreatmentfromCWRtoUGRat
waterworksinvarioussectorsthrough
MSrisingmain.
UGRtoOHSRsinvariouslocation
UGRtohouselevelbygravityfor24x7
supplythroughDIdistributionsystem
Pumpingsystemforthetransmission
maincanbedesignedfor23hours
working.
PumpsandpumpingmainforfillingESR
fromGSRmaybedesignedfor16hrs
pumping.
CRandCValueasperCPHEEO,
watersupplymanual
Waterinfrastructureconsideredfrom
Sourcedevelopmenttotransmission
networkuptoSubSectorlevelonly
DSIRDA
172|P a g e
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
Waste
Water Collection
Infrastructure
network
MATERIALASSUMPTION
Thewastewatersystemwillhavethe
followingassumptions:
Maincollectionsystematparcellevelto
receivewastewaterattheoutletpoint
ofparcelofland.
Internalsystemoftheparcel/package
willbeplannedandexecutedbythe
developerorowner.
Allindustrialuserswillfollowthenorms
oftreatingtheindustrialwastetothe
secondlevelandthendischargetothe
commoneffluenttreatmentnetwork.
Trunksewerscollectingsewagefrom
severalareasandconveyingittothe
STPs/CETP.
Sewagepumpingstationtotransport
sewagetotrunkmainsortreatment
plants.
Sewage/commoneffluenttreatment
plant(STP/CETPs).
Outfallfortreatedeffluentconsidered
asopenchanneluptothedownstream
ofKalpasardam.
WasteWaterInfrastructure
Effluent
ProposedTechnologyExtendedAeration
TreatmentPlant DesignParameters
DesignHorizons
Thefollowingdesignperiodshavebeen
adoptedforvariousprojectelements
STPs/CETP30years
SewagecollectionSystem30years
PeakFactor:Peakfactorcanbeadopted
asperCPHEEOseweragemanual,1993.
Velocity:minimumselfcleansing
velocityof0.60m/sandamaximum
velocityof3.0m/seccanbeadopted.
Drainage
Drainage
Infrastructure
Network
including
River RiverTraining
Management
Drainage
Infrastructure
PeakRunoff:
including
River
Thepeakrunoffforthedesignofdrains
Management
iscomputedbasedonRationalformula
Q=CIA/36
Runoffcoefficient:
Drainageinfrastructureconsideredfrom
SubSectorleveltooutfallsatmultiple
locations.
UnderRiverManagementsmoothening
ofriveralignmentforfreeflow,bunding
withrespecttowaterincomeand
holdingtime,liningatthrustlocation
likeatjunctionandbends,creationof
DSIRDA
173|P a g e
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
MATERIALASSUMPTION
offlinewaterbodiesto holdwaterto
avoidspreading,creationofwater
channelalongwesternboundarytohold
andguidetheupstreamstormwater
flowthusavoidfloodingtogreatextent
hasbeenconsideredandcostingdone
accordingly.
Social
PoliceStation
Buildingbroadcosthasbeenarrived
Infrastructure and Placeofworship considering:
BuildingWork
FireStation
Assumedtentativebuiltuparea,may
Education
varywiththeGovt.policy
Infrastructure
Persq.mareacostonBUAconsidered
forSubstructure(Consideringspecial
Health
foundationlikePileFoundation,Raft
Infrastructure
Foundation),SuperStructure,Finishes,
Administrative
Services,buildinglevelexternal
Offices
developmentincludingland
Community
developmentifrequired.
Centre
Ithasbeenunderstoodthatinthe
Recreation
beginningphasetheGovt.issupposeto
establishments
developsomeoftheservicesinutility
likeclubs,public
andsocialsectorwhichisessentially
library
requiredtoattracttheinvestor.
DSIRDA
Social Infrastructure and

BuildingWork
174|P a g e
Table114:BroadCostEstimates(CAPEX)
Sr.
Item
Description
Unit
LANDIMPROVEMENT
SCHEMES
LandDevelopmentCostsfor
roadconstruction,railway
embankmentandtransport
corridor
sq.m.
LandImprovement
WorksTotalCost
ROADWORKS
A)RoadNetworkMajor
ArterialRoads(70m)
Quantityin
PhaseI
development
Cost
Estimate
PhaseI(INR)
Quantityin
PhaseII
development
Cost
Estimate
PhaseII
(INR)
Quantityin
PhaseIII
development
Cost
Estimate
PhaseIII
(INR)
Total
Development
Cost(INR)
640.00
4,200,000.00
336.00
3,500,000.00
280.00
1,256.00
280.00
1,256.00
0.00008
8,000,000.00
km
12.00
44.96
539.52
56.87
682.44
14.37
172.44
1,394.40
CollectorRoads(30m)
km
5.00
30.94
154.70
48.00
240.00
35.10
175.50
570.20
LocalRoad(25and20m.)
km
3.00
38.53
115.59
36.31
108.93
14.64
43.92
268.44
30mwide
km
5.00
49.00
245.00
98.00
490.00
49.00
245.00
980.00
25mwide
km
5.00
97.00
485.00
194.00
970.00
97.00
485.00
1,940.00
20mwide
km
2.50
146.00
365.00
292.00
730.00
146.00
365.00
1,460.00
15mwide
km
2.00
146.00
292.00
292.00
584.00
146.00
292.00
1,168.00
Subtotal
1,778.86
7,781.04
C)Junctions
GradeseperatedInterchanges
(Junction1)
No.
Junction2
Junction3
Subtotal
D)ExistingRoad
Improvement
ImprovementofSH6
km
Subtotal
RoadworksTotalCost
(A+B+C)
LAYINGOFRAILWAYLINE
A)Layinganewrailwaylineand
Logisticspark
km
B)Logisticspark
C)Constructionofstation
B)RoadNetwork
Internal
Rate
(INR)
RailwayworksTotalCost
(A+B+C)
640.00
2,196.81
336.00
3,805.37
20.00
6.00
120.00
3.00
60.00
2.00
40.00
220.00
No.
2.00
10.00
20.00
12.00
24.00
10.00
20.00
64.00
No.
1.00
12.00
12.00
16.00
16.00
12.00
12.00
40.00
72.00
324.00
420.00
420.00
1,850.86
8,525.04
152.00
12.00
35.00
420.00
100.00
420.00
6.00
Ha
nos.
D)LRT
km
2,768.81
55.00
330.00
3.00
50.00
50.00
2.00
80.00
DSIRDA
3,905.37
330.00
150.00
100.00
300.00
70.00
210.00
660.00
100.00
100.00
53.00
4,240.00
18.00
1,440.00
5,680.00
1,650.00
6,770.00
580.00
175|P a g e
4,540.00
Sr.
Item
Description
Unit
Rate
(INR)
EARTHWORKS
A)Surveys&investigation
sq.km
0.02
B)Raisingland/filling(EAST)
sq.km.
15.00
C)Raisingland/filling(WEST)
sq.km.
7.50
Quantityin
PhaseI
development
Cost
Estimate
PhaseI(INR)
Quantityin
PhaseII
development
Cost
Estimate
PhaseII
(INR)
Quantityin
PhaseIII
development
Cost
Estimate
PhaseIII
(INR)
Total
Development
Cost(INR)
879.00
13.19
13.19
30.00
450.00
40.00
600.00
30.00
450.00
1,500.00
40.00
300.00
40.00
300.00
30.00
225.00
825.00
EarthworksTotalCost
(A+B+C)
763.19
900.00
675.00
2,338.19
SERVICES
A)WaterSupply
a)WaterSourcingand
transportation
Developmentofcanalfrom
Dhandhukatosite/waterbody
includingintakeworks
Km
0.30
20.00
6.00
20.00
6.00
12.00
Constructionofrawwater
reservoir(30daysstorage,
450mwide&3.0mdeep
channelwith0.5mfreeboard)
Km
1.40
6.00
8.40
1.00
1.40
9.80
Pumphousetopumpraw
watertoWTP,civilworks
nos.
1.10
1.00
1.10
1.00
1.10
2.20
Pumpingsystem,E/Mincluding
DGsets
MLD
0.20
258.00
51.60
450.00
90.00
238.00
47.60
189.20
Risingmainsforpumpingwater
fromrawwaterbodytoWTP
(dia.rangingfrom700mm,
1200mm,1400mm)
km
9.50
4.00
38.00
4.00
38.00
76.00
Watertreatmentplant
MLD
0.20
258.00
51.60
450.00
90.00
238.00
47.60
189.20
Creationoftreatedwater
storagereservoirattreatment
plantsite
MillionLitres
0.80
86.00
68.80
150.00
120.00
79.00
63.20
252.00
Pumphousetopumptreated
watertowaterworks,civil
works
nos.
1.10
1.00
1.10
1.00
1.10
2.20
Pumphouseatsectorlevel
WaterWorks
nos.
1.00
8.00
8.00
12.00
12.00
5.00
5.00
25.00
Pumpingsystem,E/Mincluding
DGsets2stage(WTPto
storagereservoirsatwater
worksandwaterworkstoOHT)
MLD
0.30
258.00
77.40
450.00
135.00
238.00
71.40
283.80
Risingmains
km
3.50
55.00
192.50
75.00
262.50
10.00
35.00
490.00
b)WTPandStorage
c)WaterMain,Storage&
Distribution
DSIRDA
176|P a g e
Sr.
Item
Description
Unit
Rate
(INR)
Quantityin
PhaseI
development
Cost
Estimate
PhaseI(INR)
Quantityin
PhaseII
development
WaterstorageintheGSRsand
OHTs,atsectorlevels
MillionLitres
1.00
172.00
172.00
300.00
1.20
780.00
936.00
1,612.50
Cost
Estimate
PhaseII
(INR)
Quantityin
PhaseIII
development
Cost
Estimate
PhaseIII
(INR)
159.00
Total
Development
Cost(INR)
300.00
159.00
631.00
1,106.47
1,327.76
651.52
781.82
3,045.59
2,384.86
1,210.62
5,207.99
DistributionNetwork
km
Subtotal
B)Sewerage
Seweragecollectionnetwork
(Trunk)
km
1.00
135.00
135.00
165.00
165.00
40.00
40.00
340.00
Localnetwork
km
0.30
780.00
234.00
1,106.47
331.94
651.52
195.46
761.40
Pumpingstations(IPSandMPS)
includingE&M
MLD
0.40
178.00
71.20
310.00
124.00
164.00
65.60
260.80
Risingmains
km
2.00
10.00
20.00
10.00
20.00
5.00
10.00
50.00
TreatmentPlant
MLD
0.70
178.00
124.60
310.00
217.00
164.00
114.80
456.40
Effluentdisposalchannel
km
1.70
18.00
30.60
11.00
18.70
11.00
18.70
68.00
Recyclingnetwork
km
0.60
135.00
81.00
165.00
99.00
40.00
24.00
204.00
PumpingforRecyclingincluding
civil,electricalandmechanical
works
MLD
0.20
178.00
35.60
310.00
62.00
164.00
32.80
130.40
Subtotal
732.00
1,037.64
501.36
2,271.00
C)StormwaterDrainage
DrainageNetwork(Trunk)
km
1.20
140.00
168.00
180.00
216.00
50.00
60.00
444.00
LocalDrain
km
0.40
780.00
312.00
1,106.47
442.59
651.52
260.61
1,015.20
DevelopmentofWater
Front/waterbodyincluding
gates/barrage
km
14.00
16.00
224.00
14.00
196.00
420.00
Subtotal
704.00
854.59
320.61
1,879.20
D)FloodManagement
Bunding
km
1.50
120.00
180.00
122.50
183.75
363.75
Rivertrainingdredging
km
1.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
10.00
10.00
50.00
Rivertrainingpitching
km
5.00
5.00
25.00
7.00
35.00
2.00
10.00
70.00
Subtotal
225.00
238.75
20.00
483.75
E)Solidwaste
management(excluding
costforlandfillsite)
PrimarySolidWaste
Management
tons/day
0.04
332.00
13.28
653.00
26.12
355.00
14.20
53.60
SecondarySolidWaste
Management
tons/day
0.15
332.00
49.80
653.00
97.95
355.00
53.25
201.00
TertiarySWMIWMF
Development
tons/day
0.22
332.00
73.04
653.00
143.66
355.00
78.10
294.80
Subtotal
136.12
267.73
145.55
549.40
F)Landscaping&Signage
Hard&SoftLandscaping
sq.km.
5.00
20.00
100.00
25.00
125.00
15.00
75.00
300.00
FirefightingLine
km
1.00
100.00
100.00
200.00
200.00
100.00
100.00
400.00
DSIRDA
177|P a g e
Sr.
Item
Description
Unit
Rate
(INR)
Quantityin
PhaseI
development
Cost
Estimate
PhaseI(INR)
Quantityin
PhaseII
development
Cost
Estimate
PhaseII
(INR)
Subtotal
G)PowerSupply
400KVSystem:Transmission
lines,Switchyards&Power
Transformers
Set
132KV&Subdistribution
Systemforearlyphase:
Transmissionlines,Switchyards
&PowerTransformers
Set
33KVSystem:Substation,HT
Switchboards,Transformers
Undergroundcables
Set
11KVSystem:Compact
Substation,HTSwitchboards,
DistributionTransformers
Undergroundcables
Set
11KVcompactsubstationalong
withitsaccessories
Set
LTsystem:Powersupplyto0.5
millionDU+otherSIAloads
alongwithitsmeteringsystem
alongwithServiceCables,
feederpillards,underground
cable
LS
Subtotal
H)RenewableEnergy
Plant
MW
Subtotal
I)CaptivePowerPlant
MW
Subtotal
J)StreetLighting
PrimaryRoads
km
0.35
114.43
40.05
141.18
49.41
LocalRoads
km
0.15
438.00
65.70
876.00
131.40
Subtotal
K)Telecommunications
Undergroundductingand
JunctionChamber
km
Subtotal
L)GasGrid
Gasgridpipelinewith
infrastructure
km
Subtotal
Quantityin
PhaseIII
development
Cost
Estimate
PhaseIII
(INR)
Total
Development
Cost(INR)
200.00
325.00
175.00
700.00
250.00
1.00
250.00
1.00
250.00
500.00
40.00
3.00
120.00
5.00
200.00
3.00
120.00
440.00
10.00
10.00
100.00
20.00
200.00
10.00
100.00
400.00
2.25
75.00
168.75
150.00
337.50
75.00
168.75
675.00
0.35
150.00
52.50
300.00
105.00
250.00
87.50
245.00
L.S.
LS
500.00
LS
1,000.00
LS
500.00
2,000.00
976.25
4,260.00
1,392.00
1,392.00
90.00
405.00
1,215.00
405.00
1,215.00
64.11
22.44
111.90
438.00
65.70
262.80
88.14
374.70
60.25
248.61
60.25
248.61
16.80
67.20
16.80
67.20
1,191.25
18.08
77.00
4.50
90.00
1,392.00
2,092.50
90.00
405.00
1,392.00
405.00
405.00
405.00
105.75
0.12
552.43
66.29
180.81
1,017.18
66.29
1.12
DSIRDA
25.00
28.00
122.06
502.11
122.06
20.00
28.00
178|P a g e
22.40
22.40
15.00
Sr.
Item
Description
Unit
ServicesTotalCost
(A+B+C+D+E+F+H+I+J+K+
L)
A)BUILDINGS
PublicBuildings
CivicCentre
BuildingworksTotalCost
(A)
Rate
(INR)
Quantityin
PhaseI
development
Cost
Estimate
PhaseI(INR)
6,797.91
Cost
Estimate
PhaseII
(INR)
sqm
0.0015
60,000.00
90.00
200,000.00
300.00
nos.
0.0015
30,000.00
45.00
20,000.00
30.00
UtilityBuildings
nos.
0.0013
30,000.00
39.00
50,000.00
65.00
174.00
Cost
Estimate
PhaseIII
(INR)
18,648.84
200,000.00
300.00
690.00
20,000.00
30.00
105.00
30,000.00
39.00
143.00
369.00
938.00
8,744.44
38,476.06
18,007.72
Total
Development
Cost(INR)
3,919.58
395.00
11,723.91
Quantityin
PhaseIII
development
7,931.35
TotalCAPEXCost
Quantityin
PhaseII
development
PhysicalContingenciesat10%
3,847.61
GRANDTOTALCOST
42,323.67
Table115:BroadCostEstimates(OPEX)
Sr.
1
Item
Description
Unit
OPEX
Charges%
PhaseI
PhaseII
PhaseIII
TotalOPEX
Charges
sq.m.
NPPP
0.00%
LANDIMPROVEMENTSCHEMES
LandDevelopmentCostsforroad
construction,railwayembankmentand
transportcorridor
LandImprovementWorksTotalCost
NPPP
ROADWORKS
A)RoadNetworkMajor
ArterialRoads(70m)
km
NPPP
0.85%
4.59
5.80
1.47
11.85
CollectorRoads(30m)
km
NPPP
0.85%
1.31
2.04
1.49
4.85
LocalRoad(25and20m.)
km
NPPP
0.85%
0.98
0.93
0.37
2.28
30mwide
km
NPPP
0.85%
2.08
4.17
2.08
8.33
25mwide
km
NPPP
0.85%
4.12
8.25
4.12
16.49
20mwide
km
NPPP
0.85%
3.10
6.21
3.10
12.41
15mwide
km
NPPP
0.85%
2.48
4.96
2.48
3.93
B)RoadNetworkInternal
Subtotal
C)Junctions
GradeseparatedInterchanges(Junction1)
No.
0.00%
Junction2
No.
0.00%
DSIRDA
179|P a g e
Sr.
Item
Description
Junction3
OPEX
Charges%
PhaseI
PhaseII
PhaseIII
TotalOPEX
Charges
No.
0.00%
D)ExistingRoadImprovement
ImprovementofSH6
Subtotal
RoadworksTotalCost(A+B+C)
NPPP
0.85%
22.87
32.35
15.12
70.53
LAYINGOFRAILWAYLINE
PPP
km
PPP
3.00%
9.90
9.90
B)Logisticspark
Subtotal
A)LayinganewrailwaylineandLogistics
park
Unit
km
NPPP
1.00%
4.20
4.20
Ha
PPP
3.00%
4.50
9.00
6.30
19.80
C)Constructionofstation
nos.
PPP
1.50%
1.50
1.5
D)LRT
km
PPP
1.50%
63.60
21.60
85.2
PPP
15.90
72.60
27.90
116.40
RailwayworksTotalCost(A+B+C)
EARTHWORKS
A)Surveys&investigation
sq.km
NPPP
0.00%
B)Raisingland/filling(EAST)
sq.km.
NPPP
0.00%
C)Raisingland/filling(WEST)
sq.km.
NPPP
0.00%
EarthworksTotalCost(A+B+C)
NPPP
SERVICES
A)WaterSupply
PPP
a)WaterSourcingandtransportation
DevelopmentofcanalfromDhandhukato
site/waterbodyincludingintakeworks
Km
PPP
2.00%
0.12
0.12
0.24
Constructionofrawwaterreservoir(30
daysstorage,450mwide&3.0mdeep
channelwith0.5mfreeboard)
Km
PPP
2.00%
0.17
0.03
0.20
PumphousetopumprawwatertoWTP,
civilworks
nos.
PPP
7.50%
0.08
0.08
0.17
Pumpingsystem,E/MincludingDGsets
MLD
PPP
7.50%
3.87
6.75
3.57
14.19
km
PPP
7.50%
2.85
2.85
5.7
MLD
PPP
7.50%
3.87
6.75
3.57
14.19
Million
Litres
PPP
2.00%
1.38
2.40
1.26
5.04
Risingmainsforpumpingwaterfromraw
waterbodytoWTP(dia.rangingfrom
700mm,1200mm,1400mm)
b)WTPandStorage
Watertreatmentplant
Creationoftreatedwaterstorage
reservoirattreatmentplantsite
DSIRDA
180|P a g e
Sr.
Unit
OPEX
Charges%
PhaseI
PhaseII
PhaseIII
TotalOPEX
Charges
Pumphousetopumptreatedwaterto
waterworks,civilworks
nos.
PPP
7.50%
0.08
0.08
0.17
PumphouseatsectorlevelWaterWorks
nos.
PPP
7.50%
0.60
0.90
0.38
1.88
Pumpingsystem,E/MincludingDGsets2
stage(WTPtostoragereservoirsatwater
worksandwaterworkstoOHT)
MLD
PPP
7.50%
5.81
10.13
5.36
21.29
km
PPP
2.00%
3.85
5.25
0.70
9.80
Million
Litres
PPP
7.50%
12.90
22.50
11.93
47.33
km
PPP
3.00%
28.08
39.83
23.45
91.37
PPP
63.65
97.67
50.21
211.54
Item
c)WaterMain,Storage&Distribution
Description
Risingmains
WaterstorageintheGSRsandOHTs,at
sectorlevels
DistributionNetwork
Subtotal
B)Sewerage
Seweragecollectionnetwork(Trunk)
km
NPPP
3.00%
4.05
4.95
1.20
10.20
Localnetwork
km
NPPP
3.00%
7.02
9.96
5.86
22.84
MLD
NPPP
7.50%
5.34
9.30
4.92
19.56
km
NPPP
3.00%
0.60
0.60
0.30
1.50
MLD
NPPP
7.50%
9.35
16.28
8.61
34.23
km
NPPP
3.00%
0.92
0.56
0.56
2.04
Pumpingstations(IPSandMPS)including
E&M
Risingmains
TreatmentPlant
Effluentdisposalchannel
Recyclingnetwork
PumpingforRecyclingincludingcivil,
electricalandmechanicalworks
km
NPPP
3.00%
2.43
2.97
0.72
6.12
MLD
NPPP
7.50%
2.67
4.65
2.46
9.78
NPPP
32.37
49.26
24.63
106.27
Subtotal
C)StormwaterDrainage
DrainageNetwork(Trunk)
km
NPPP
3.00%
5.04
6.48
1.80
13.32
LocalDrain
km
NPPP
3.00%
9.36
13.28
7.82
30.46
DevelopmentofWaterFront/waterbody
includinggates/barrage
km
NPPP
7.50%
16.80
14.70
31.50
31.20
34.46
9.62
75.28
Subtotal
D)FloodManagement
Bunding
km
NPPP
3.00%
5.40
5.51
10.91
Rivertrainingdredging
km
NPPP
3.00%
0.60
0.60
0.30
1.50
Rivertrainingpitching
km
NPPP
3.00%
0.75
1.05
0.30
2.10
6.75
7.16
0.60
14.51
Subtotal
E)Solidwastemanagement(excludingcostfor
landfillsite)
PrimarySolidWasteManagement
tons/day
NPPP
18.00%
2.39
4.70
2.56
9.65
SecondarySolidWasteManagement
tons/day
NPPP
18.00%
8.96
17.63
9.59
36.18
DSIRDA
181|P a g e
Sr.
Item
Description
TertiarySWMIWMFDevelopment
Subtotal
F)Landscaping&Signage
Hard&SoftLandscaping
FirefightingLine
Unit
OPEX
Charges%
PhaseI
PhaseII
PhaseIII
TotalOPEX
Charges
tons/day
NPPP
18.00%
13.15
25.86
14.06
53.06
24.50
48.19
26.20
98.89
sq.km.
NPPP
15.00%
15.00
18.75
11.25
45.00
km
NPPP
15.00%
15.00
30.00
15.00
60.00
30.00
48.75
26.25
105.00
Subtotal
G)PowerSupply
400KVSystem:Transmissionlines,
Switchyards&PowerTransformers
Set
PPP
5.00%
12.50
12.50
25.00
132KV&SubdistributionSystemforearly
phase:Transmissionlines,Switchyards&
PowerTransformers
Set
PPP
5.00%
6.00
10.00
6.00
22.00
33KVSystem:Substation,HT
Switchboards,Transformers,Underground
cables
Set
PPP
5.00%
5.00
10.00
5.00
20.00
11KVSystem:CompactSubstation,HT
Switchboards,DistributionTransformers
Undergroundcables
Set
PPP
5.00%
8.44
16.88
8.44
33.75
11KVcompactsubstationalongwithits
accessories
Set
PPP
5.00%
2.63
5.25
4.38
12.25
LTsystem:Powersupplyto0.5millionDU
+otherSIAloadsalongwithitsmetering
systemalongwithServiceCables,feeder
pillards,undergroundcable
LS
PPP
5.00%
25.00
50.00
25.00
100.00
Subtotal
PPP
59.56
104.63
48.81
213.00
H)RenewableEnergyPlant
MW
PPP
0.00%
Subtotal
I)CaptivePowerPlant
MW
PPP
0.00%
Subtotal
J)StreetLighting
PrimaryRoads
km
NPPP
10.00%
4.01
4.94
2.24
11.19
LocalRoads
km
NPPP
10.00%
6.57
13.14
6.57
26.28
10.58
18.08
8.81
37.47
km
PPP
3.00%
1.99
3.66
1.81
7.46
PPP
1.99
3.66
1.81
7.46
km
PPP
0.00%
Subtotal
K)Telecommunications
UndergroundductingandJunction
Chamber
Subtotal
L)GasGrid
Gasgridpipelinewithinfrastructure
DSIRDA
182|P a g e
Sr.
Item
Description
Unit
OPEX
Charges%
PhaseI
PhaseII
PhaseIII
TotalOPEX
Charges
Subtotal
PPP
ServicesTotalCost
(A+B+C+D+E+F+H+I+J+K+L)
260.60
411.86
196.95
869.42
A)BUILDINGS
PublicBuildings
sqm
NPPP
3.00%
2.70
9.00
9.00
20.70
CivicCentre
nos.
NPPP
3.00%
1.35
0.90
0.90
3.15
UtilityBuildings
nos.
NPPP
3.00%
1.17
1.95
1.17
4.29
BuildingworksTotalCost(A)
5.22
11.85
11.07
28.14
NPPP
304.60
528.66
251.04
1,084.30
For10years
3,045.98
5286.90
2,510.40
10,842.98
TotalOPEXCost
DSIRDA
183|P a g e
CHAPTER12
BENEFITSFROMDSIR
12.1.
DirectBenefits
183
12.2.
IndirectBenefits
184
12. BenefitsfromDSIR
Thevariousdirectandindirectbenefitsthatwillaccruefromtheprojectaregivenbelow
12.1. DirectBenefits
12.1.1. EmploymentGeneration
EmploymentgeneratedintheDSIRwillcomprisebasejobsandsupportjobs.Thebasejobsbytheend
ofPhase3willincludeindustrialjobstotallingabout312,900people,29,500additionalbasejobsintourism
and 600 jobs in higher education, making a total 343,000 base jobs. Support jobs will include all
occupations within the commercial, administrative, institutional, residential and recreational sectors
necessary to enable the DSIRDA to develop into a self sustaining and diverse city. Support jobs will total
483,630 by the end of Phase 3, giving a total workforce in the DSIR of 826,630 by the end of the Plan
period.
12.1.2. DevelopedLandintheDSIR
TotaldevelopablelandintheDSIRisabout33,846ha.Themajorsaleableelementsofthiswillbeindustrial
landat11,457haandhousingandcommerciallandatabout2,165ha(SeeTable3.5,Chapter3).2million
peoplewillresideintheDSIR,creatingademandforabout500,000housesbytheendofPhase3.
Table121:KeyJobsandLandUseProvisions
PHASE1
PHASE2
PHASE3
TOTAL
TotalUrbanLandArea(ha)
11,505
12,045
10,147
33,696
Target Employment (base and

supportjobs)
204,850
402,470
219,310
826,630
Target Resident
(rounded)
496,000
970,000
534,000
2,000,000
124,000
242,500
133,500
500,000
Population
Number of Housing Units

(rounded)
12.1.3. IndustrialInvestment
InvestmentinthemainindustrialsectorsoftheeconomyareshownbelowinTable12.2.
Table122:IndustrialInvestmentandBaseEmploymentbySector
SR.
NO.
INDUSTRY
TOTALEMPLOYMENT
POTENTIAL
INVESTMENTPOTENTIAL
(INUSDBILLION)
HeavyEngineering
45,100
7.12
Automobile&AutoAncillary
43,900
12.85
Electronics&EmergingTechnologies
87,300
14.99
Pharmaceuticals&Biotechnology
49,100
1.79
Metals&MetallurgicalProducts
11,400
1.4
42,400
0.45
Agro&FoodProcessing
27,500
3.72
IT/ITES
6,200
0.71
Total
312,900
43.03
DSIRDA
184|P a g e
12.2. IndirectBenefits
12.2.1. BenefitsofGreenfieldDevelopment
Greenfields include previously undeveloped land, restored land, agricultural properties, and parks. These
areashavehighecological,social,andcommunityvalues.SomeofthebenefitsofGreenfielddevelopment
havebeensummarizedasfollows.
12.2.2. GreenInfrastructure
Preservation of large open spaces is facilitated by large scale community development. Environmental
protection and enhancement are served because the site is evaluated in its larger context, and project
economicsoftenallowfordevelopmentareastounderwritebothinitialandlongtermmanagementcosts
associatedwithconservationmeasures.
12.2.3. EfficientandResponsibleInfrastructureUse
Aplannedprocessoffersopportunitiestolocate,design,andphaseinfrastructureincrementally,together
withresidentialandotherlanduses,inwaysnotpossiblewithsmallscalesubdivisions.Acomprehensive
approach often improves systems operating efficiency and financial feasibility, and makes sustainable
technologiesmoreaccessible.Examplesincludeintegratingpotablewater,stormdrainage,andwastewater
treatment with habitat development, employing lowenergy natural treatment instead of mechanical
systems. Finally, comprehensive development can take advantage of special service districts, which are
difficulttoobtainwithfragmentedownerships.
12.2.4. MobilityandAlternativeTransportation
Acomprehensiveplanninganddevelopmentprocesscanfosteradiverse,efficienttransportationnetwork
connecting neighbourhoods, employment, retail, and recreation centres within and outside the planned
community.Interconnectedstreets,walkingandhikingtrailsandpathsystemsforalternativevehicles(e.g.,
electriccarsandcarts)offerresidentsthebenefitsofincreasedexerciseandfewercartrips.Largeplanned
communitiescanplanfarintothefuturetoprovideroomfortransitlinksthatmaynotbesupportableat
theoutsetofdevelopment,butcouldneverevenbeconsideredinincrementaldevelopment.
12.2.5. Jobs/HousingBalance
Planneddevelopmentwouldhelpincreatingemploymentcentresthatcangivemorepeopletheoptionof
livingnearwork,shopping,andrecreationandeducationfacilities.Theregionalvisiondescribedearlieris
essentialtofosteringcommunitiesthatdevelopinamutuallysupportivemanner,sothatonecommunity
may be the employment focus, while another may serve as the residential focus, and still another may
provideamajorrecreationresource.
12.2.6. MixedUsesandVariedHousingTypes
Integrationofavarietyoflanduses,neighbourhooddesigns,housingtypes,densities,andpricerangesis
oftenbestaccomplishedinaplannedcommunity.Byshiftingdensityandallocatinglandcosts,theregion
can deliver more diversity and affordability through non traditional products. Examples include over
garageapartments,live/worklofts,Englishbasements,andmultifamilymansions.
DSIRDA
185|P a g e
CHAPTER13
SPATIALPLANNINGINTHEPOSTKALPASARDAM
SCENARIO
13.1.
IncreasedLandAvailabilityPostKalpasardam
185
13.2.
TheDemandforadditionalLand
185
13.3.
ReducingUncertainty
185
13.4.
PostKalpasarStrategy
185
13. SpatialPlanninginthePostKalpasarDamScenario
13.1. IncreasedLandAvailabilityPostKalpasardam
Feasibility studies for construction of the KalpasarDam in the Gulf of Khambhat are currently underway.
TheconstructionoftheDamwillincreasetheamountoflandavailableforurbandevelopmentbecausethe
levelofthefreshwaterlakewillbelowerthantheexistinghightidelevelofthesea.Thehighwaterlevelof
thefreshwaterlakewillbeestablishedataboutthe13mcontourlevel,thusincreasingthelandareaofthe
DSIRbyapproximately315sqkm.Thatisaboutthesameareaoflandthatisrequiredtoaccommodateall
ofthelandneededtomeettheforecastdemandforurbanusesintheDraftDevelopmentplanfor30years.
ConstructionoftheKalpasardamwillalsocreateadditionaldrylandareasallaroundtheGulfofKhambhat,
notjustwithintheDSIR.Intotalthenewlandareaswillroughlyamounttoabout1300,000haofpotential
development land. This is over thirteen times the area of land released by the dam for potential
developmentintheDSIR.
It is evident therefore that should the Kalpasar dam be constructed, a new strategic study covering the
wholeoftheKalpasardamshorelineareawillneedtobeprepared.Thiswillneedtodeterminethestrategy
for the use of the whole 1300,000 ha released around the Gulf of Khambhat, plus the hinterland of this
area,notjustthelandreleasedintheDSIR.
13.2. TheDemandforadditionalLand
The studies into the demand for land in the DSIR covered in report for Industrial Market Potential and
Critical Gap Assessment prepared by Halcrow, show that the construction of the Kalpasar dam will have
onlyarelativelysmallimpactuponjobgenerationandfloorspacedemandintheDSIR.Toensurethatany
positive impacts of the dam are taken into account, a slightly higher market demand assumption was
adopted to provide for the possibility of the Kalpasar dam generating additional demand for land. Even
with this slightly higher forecast land demand, it is evident that a viable spatial plan for the DSIR can be
developedwithoutrecoursetoanyadditionallandreleasedbytheKalpasardam.
13.3. ReducingUncertainty
The Kalpasar project has received State approval in principle but funding is not yet in place, nor have all
environmentalstudiesbeencompletedorapproved.Giventhisuncertaintyabouttheeventualcompletion
oftheproject,itisconsideredprudenttocontinuetheplanningoftheDSIRonthebasisthattheKalpasar
dam will not be constructed within the plan period. All of the land forecast to be required for urban
purposes in the DSIR can be comfortably accommodated within the existing DSIR boundary outside the
CRZ.
EveniftheKalpasardamisconstructedwithinthetimescaleoftheDraftDevelopmentplan,thecurrent
Planwillstillofferaviablespatialstrategythataccommodatesinaneconomicmanneralloftheforecast
urbanlanddemands.
ItisthereforeproposedthatspatialplanningproceedsonthebasisthattheCRZwillcontinuetoshapethe
developmentoftheDSIRandthatalllandwithintheCRZwillbeleftundevelopedexceptfortherangeof
usespermittedintheareaaccordingtotheregulations.IneffectthismeansthatanarrowstripoftheCRZ
on its western boundary falling within CRZ III can be used for recreation purposes such as open sports
pitches and parks and non permanent structures as specified in the official regulations. Land in the DSIR
fallingwithinCRZIwillnotbeavailableforanyurbandevelopmentpurposes.
13.4. PostKalpasarStrategy
AnewDraftDevelopmentplanfortheDSIRwillberequiredshouldtheKalpasardamconstructionstartat
anytimewithinthe30yeartimeframeofthecurrentDraftDevelopmentplan.Thisnewplancannotbe
developedinisolationhowever.IntheeventthattheKalpasardamisconstructed,anewstrategicstudy
coveringthewholeoftheKalpasardamshorelineof1300,000haareawillneedtobeprepared,notjust
thelandreleasedintheDSIR.
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SuchastudymaywellfindthatthereisnomarketfortheadditionallandcreatedintheDSIRandthatland
releasedclosertotheDFCandthemainurbancentresofAhmedabadandVadodaraontheeasternshore
ofthenewlakeismoreattractiveforurbandevelopmentthanthelandreleasedintheDSIR.Thiswillnot
beknownuntiltheKalpasarprojectbecomesareality.
EveniftheKalpasardamprojectisapprovedandeventuallyconstructedandanewstrategicplanforthe
whole shoreline area put in place, a substantial period of time will have lapsed from completion of the
currentDraftDevelopmentplan.
Development of the DSIR cannot be delayed on the basis of the Kalpasar project, which may or may not
eventuallyproceedanddevelopmentintheDSIRwillofnecessityhavetobebeencarriedoutonthebasis
oftheDraftDevelopmentplanpresentedinthisreport.
13.4.1. PotentiallandUseandspatialimplicationsoftheKalpasarDamProjectfortheDSIR
An alternative spatial Draft Development plan has been prepared to show how the DSIR might evolve
shouldtheKalpasardambeconstructed.TheearliestpossibledateforthecompletionoftheKalpasardam
would be between 5 and 10 years after the final approvals, including environmental clearances and
funding, are place. Therefore the very earliest likely date for the Kalpasar dam to influence the current
DraftDevelopmentplanwouldbeattheendofPhase1ofthecurrentPlan.Thealternativeillustrativeplan
presented here therefore assumes that the existing Phase 1 of the current Draft Development plan is
implementedaccordingtoplanandonlyinPhases2and3wouldtheimpactofthenewpostKalpasarland
availabilityscenarioaffectlanduseplanningintheDSIR.
The alternative illustrative post Kalpasar spatial plan is shown in Figure 13.1 and the indicative land use
budgetforthisshownonTable13.1.
TheillustrativeplanshowshowtheDSIRmightdevelopinthecontextofthenewreleasesoflandtothe
eastandthe removaloftheCRZrestrictionsondevelopment.Themarketstudiesundertakenduring the
preparationoftheDraftDevelopmentplanhaveindicatedthatformostuses,demandforlandintheDSIR
willnotchangesignificantlybetweenthepreandpostKalpasarscenarios.Thenotableexceptionstothis
are:
There is likely to be increased demand for leisure and second homes, since the fresh water lake
may attract additional investors to the DSIR. Investors will also, of course, be attracted to sites
elsewheretothenewlakeshore,sotheDSIRwillonlygainaportionofthisnewmarket;
Increased opportunities for new leisure resorts and facilities, although not necessarily new
demand;
Therewillbesubstantialnewareasavailableonthereclaimedseabedforthedevelopmentofsolar
energyparksand,intime,possiblynewformsofagriculture;
OtherbenefitsofthepostKalpasarscenarioplanwouldinclude:
Utilisation of a substantially greater proportion of Government owned land which will be

increasedfromabout3,000hatoover10,000hainthepostKalpasarplan;
Retention of additional agricultural land in the west of the DSIR, and a reduced need for land
procurementinthisareaasdevelopmentshiftseastwardstowardsthefreshwaterlake.
DisadvantagesofthepostKalpasarillustrativeplanwouldbe:
TheresultingspatialplanislessbalancedthattheDraftDevelopmentplanandthecentreofgravity
ofthecityisawayfromtheexpresswayandpassengerrailwaystationandfreightlogisticscentre,
leadingtoalessefficienturbanstructure;
Land developed in the former tidal zone may well be unsuitable for construction purposes or
require such substantial remediation works as to make its development for urban purposes
unviable.
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Figure131:SpatialLandUsePlaninthePostKalpasarScenario
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Table131:IndicativeLandUseallocationpostKalapsarScenario
SR.
NO.
BROADLANDUSEZONES
TOTALAREA(ha)
PERCENTOFTOTAL
AREA(%)
Residential
6,255
6.9
LeisureHomes
6,000
6.6
HighAccessCorridor
2,370
2.6
CityCentre
870
1.0
Industrial
9,100
10.1
Logistics
220
0.2
Knowledge
1,015
1.1
Recreationandsports
2,000
2.2
Tourismandentertainment
1,170
1.3
SolarEnergyPark
12,000
13.3
6,570
7.3
47,570
52.6
Agriculture
27,300
30.2
13
GreenSpaces,lakesandCanals
7,000
7.7
14
Existingvillagesandbuffer
1,300
1.4
15
ForestandGrazing
2,500
2.8
16
AreaundertheCRZ
AreasubmergedundertheReservoir
4,700
5.2
Total
90,370
100.0
10
11
Roads
AreaunderActiveLandUses
12
17
Allnumbersrounded
*DevelopableLandisareaoutsidetheCRZ
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APPENDICES
AppendixA:
StrategicContext
189
AppendixB:
ExistingConditionsinDSIR
197
AppendixC:
DemographicProfileExistingVillageSettlements
206
AppendixD:
PopulationBaseEstimates
208
AppendixE:
GovernmentLandOwnershipbyPhase
213
AppendixF:
TrafficStudy
216
AppendixG:
EvaluationofFreshWaterSourcesforDSIR
222
AppendixH:
GroundImprovementStrategy
228
AppendixI:
ForestAreaDetails
235
APPENDIXA:STRATEGICCONTEXT
TheDelhiMumbaiIndustrialCorridor(DMIC)
The DMIC is conceived as a highly industrialised development corridor running either side of a new
dedicated freight railway between Delhi and Mumbai, to be known as the Delhi and Mumbai Freight
Corridor(DFC).AzoneofinfluenceeithersideoftheDFCrailwaylineofbetween150kmto200kmisbeing
promotedaslocationsforthedevelopmentofindustrialnodes.
AnoverallPerspectivePlanhasbeenpreparedfortheCorridor,inwhichatargetissetofover24million
newjobsby2040.
The Plan aims to triple industrial output within 9 years, double employment in 7 years and quadruple
exportsin8to9years.
TheDSIR,whichfallsinAhmedabadDistrict,isexpectedtobethelargestofalloftheindustrialnodestobe
developedwithintheDMIC.
TherelationshipoftheDSIRtotheDMICisshownonFigureA1.
FigureA1:TheDSIR,DFCAlignmentandtheDMICInfluenceRegioninGujarat
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SpatialContext
TheDSIRislocatedatthefollowingdistancesfromthekeycommercial,administrativeandurbancentresof
Gujarat:
Ahmedabad100km
Gandhinagar140km
Vadodra225km
Surat365km
Bhavnagar65km
KandlaPort350km
MundraPort400km
PipavavPort160km
TransportConnectivity
AccesstoSeaPorts
ThenearestporttotheDSIRisatBhavnagar,atadistanceofabout65km.Thisporthasalimiteddraftof4
metersandiscurrentlynotoperational.PipavavPortisabout160kmtothesouthoftheDSIRandisanall
weather,privatelyoperatedport.ItisconnectedtoitshinterlandviaSurendranagar.
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FigureA2:StrategicPlanningDeterminants
StrategicRoadConnectivity
TheDSIRispresentlyconnectedtotherestoftheStatebyatwolaneroad(SH6),onemajordistrictroad
and other village roads asshown in Figure A2. Parallel or diagonal to the site are other State Highways,
notablySH1,SH4,SH20andSH36thatconnecttoSH6.TheGIDBhaslongtermplanstodevelopasix
laneaccesscontrolledhighwayalongSH6fromAhmedabadtoBhavnagarviaDholera.
IntheinterimtheSH6isbeingupgradedtoa4lanedualcarriagewayroad.AtpresentNH8A,SH38and
SH117connecttotheportsatMundraandKandlawhileSH6andNH8EconnecttoPipavavPortthrough
Bhavnagar. These roads have been identified for improvement and augmentation by the Ministry of
Shipping, Road Transport and Highways (MOSRTH), the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) and
theGujaratPublicWorksDepartment(PWD).
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FigureA3:TransportConnectivity
FigureA4showsthesubregionalcontextforthesitewiththeregionalandlocalroadconnections.
RailConnectivity
ThereisnorailconnectiontotheDSIRatpresent.ThenearestrailwaystationisatDhandhukaonthemetre
gaugeraillinefromGandhigramtoBotad.Thislineisduetobeconvertedtobroadgauge(BG)inthenear
future. Botad is on the BG system and connects Bhavnagar and Pipavav Port to Northern India via
SurendranagarViramgamMehasanaPalanpurMarwarJaipurRewari.Improvementstothefreight
services on the line from Pipavav northwards have been undertaken by Pipavav Rail Corporation Limited
(PRCL) promoted by Gujarat Pipavav Port Limited and the Ministry of Railways (MoR). Pipavav Port can
handletheincomingandoutgoingtrainssimultaneouslyandthecurrentcapacityoftheraillinkis22trains
perdaywhiletheporthandlesanaverageoftwotrainsperday.TheMoRproposesdoublingtheBGline
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from Surendranagar Botad Dhasa Rajula to Pipavav Port as a feeder link connecting to the DFC at
SanandJunction.
AirServices
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport at Ahmedabad, nearly 100 kms away from the site is the
nearestairfacilitytotheDSIR.ItiswellconnectedtothemajorIndiancitiesaswellastotheinternational
destinationsinUSA,Europe,SingaporeandMiddleEast.Duetothelimitedroomfortheexpansionofthe
existing international airport at Ahmedabad, together with additional air safety issues in relation to the
existing bird hazard and high structures near the airport, there are proposals to develop a new
international airport at a approximate distance of about 25 km northeast of the DSIR near Navagam
village.
ThereisalsoasmallerdomesticairportatBhavnagar,about37kmaway.
FigureA4:SubRegionalContext
MajorSchemesandProposalsinfluencingtheproject
StrategicprojectsinfluencingtheDSIRareshowninFigureA5andaresummarizedbelow:
KalpasarFreshwaterReservoirProject
TheKalpasarfreshwaterreservoirprojectdatesbackto1975whenitwasproposedthattworeservoirsbe
developed,oneforfreshwaterandtheotherasaltwatertidalbasin.Thisschemecompriseda64kmlong
damconnectingGhoghainthewestandHansottotheeastandwouldhavegeneratedtidalpower(5,880
MW) and provided a fresh water lake of 14,000 million cubic metres (mcm) capacity. Locks would have
allowedexistingandproposedportstooperateafterconstructionofthedamandroadsandrailwayswould
bebuiltontopofthedam.
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Theoriginalproposalwasfoundtobeuneconomicandamorelimitedschemehasnowbeenapprovedby
theStateGovernment.Thiswillcompriseashorterdamofabout29km,enclosingasweetwaterreservoir
withastoragecapacityof10,000mcmandafreshwaterfishery.Itwouldalsoreducethesealevelinthe
enclosedlakefromtheexistinghightidelevelofabout5.5mto4m.Thiswillreleaseapproximately400,000
haoflandcurrentlywithintheexistinghightidelinetobereclaimed.Ofhistotal,approximately3400ha
wouldfallwithintheDSIR.
The Kalpasar Department have indicated that the project will require a construction period of about five
years,withafurther45yearsbeforethesaltwaterintheenclosedbasinisconvertedintofreshwater.
FigureA5:MajorSchemesandProposalsInfluencingtheProject
BharuchDahejInvestmentRegion(BDIR)
The Conceptual Plan for the Bharuch Dahej Investment Region (BDIR), also referred to as the Gujarat
Petroleum,Chemical&PetrochemicalInvestmentRegion(GPCPIR)isthesecondinvestmentregionwithin
the DMIC Corridor designated in Gujarat. The initial proposals for the area include major petrochemicals
andchemicalbasedprocessingactivitieswithotherusesincludingresidential,commercialandopenspaces
makingupthebalanceoflanduses.
GujaratInternationalFinanceTecCity(GIFT)
GujaratInternationalFinanceTecCityCompanyLimited(GIFTCL)isresponsibleforthe200hadevelopment
tobebenchmarkedasanInternationalFinanceCitywithabuiltupareaof7,900,000sqm.Locationofthe
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site is 12 km from the Ahmedabad International Airport and abuts the fourlane NH8 connecting
Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar. This is intended to be a major development attracting global investors
through a Special Economic Zone, international education zone, integrated townships, an entertainment
zone,hotels,aconventioncentre,aninternationaltechnopark,SoftwareTechnologyParksofIndia(STPI)
units,shoppingmalls,stockexchangeandserviceunits.
ImprovingStateHighway6
InordertoimproveconnectivitytotheDSIRfromAhmedabadtoDholeraviaDholka,Vataman,andPipli,
the existing 2lane SH6 is proposed to be upgraded to 4lane carriageway, with 1.5 m paved shoulders,
geometricimprovements,longitudinalprofileimprovement,rearrangementofjunctions,bridgeandcross
drainage structures and traffic control and safety measures. The alignment is connected with important
townsandvillagesthroughotherStateHighwaysincludingLimdi&Dhandhuka(SH20),Gadhda(SH108),
Fedara(SH40),Lothal(SH117).
ProposalforconnectingGandhinagarAhmedabadDholerainMetroPhaseII
The Gujarat Urban Development Company (GUDC) is in the process of assessment of the feasibility of
connectingtheDSIRtotheproposedGandhinagarAhmedabadMetroproject.Theprojectisintendedto
provideasafe,highcapacityurbantransportsystemconnectingthemainrailwaystationsandbusstations,
the existing International Airport and urban centres. The system, which will be developed in phases, is
expected to carry 40,000 passengers per hour in each direction and according to estimates; up to 1.70
millioncommutersareexpectedtousethemetrorailby2031.
CONCORLogisticsParkatKhodiyar,Gandhinagar
InordertostrengthenthelogisticsinfrastructureintheState,aLogisticsParkwillbesetupatKhodiyar,in
Gandhinagar,withaprojectedexportimport(EXIM)traffichandlingcapacityof0.2MillionTEUs.Itwillact
asanopeningpointontheDFCatSanandandwillhaveconnectivitytomajorcargogenerationareasinthe
northofGujaratandJawaharlalNehruPortTrust(JNPT)inNaviMumbai.ThenewICDwillhaveaccessto
NH8andthenorthsouthBGrailcorridorontheMehsanaroute.
TataNanoPlant
TheTataNanoProjectisbeingconstructedatSanandlocatedatabout35kmsouthwestofAhmedabad
and in close proximity to the NH8 connecting Ahmedabad and Rajkot. It will comprise the mother plant
andthevendorparkonanareaofabout445ha.Theplantwillinitiallyproduce250,000carsperannum
with the capacity expandable up to 500,000 cars per annum. The project, including Tata Motors plant,
vendor facilities and service providers, is expected to generate over 10,000 direct and indirect jobs in
Gujaratandgiveaboosttothesmallscaleindustrialunits.InfuturetheplantmayusethePipavav,Kandla
and Mundra Port for its exports and will promote development of automanufacture and supply car
components suchascasting,forging,andbearingsinlocationssuchasAhmedabad,Rajkotand theDSIR.
The project has already stimulated residential development and road improvement projects in the
surroundingregions.
NaturalGasPipeline
Gujaratenjoysanextensivenetworkofnaturalgaspipelineswitharoutelengthof1130kms,coveringthe
HaziraBarodaAhmedabadKalolHimmatnagarMehsanaRajkotMorbiVapiregions.Anadditional425km
ofpipelineisalsocurrentlyunderconstruction.AgaspipelineisplannedfromDarodDhandhukaJafrabad
nearPipavavforwhichtherouteidentificationiscomplete.Thecurrentvolumeofgasbeingtransportedis
more than 16 million metric standard cubic metre per day (MMSCMD) out of which approximately 8
MMSCMDisRegassifiedLiquifiedNaturalGas(RLNG).
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RevisedDevelopmentPlan,AUDA,2011&CityDevelopmentPlan,Ahmedabad(20062012)
The existing development planning area under the Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA) is
about1800sq.km,housingapopulationof4.6millionin2001.AUDAhasundertakenpreparationofthe
DevelopmentPlanfor2011wheretherevisedDraftDevelopmentPlanexpectstogrowatamoderaterate
and stabilize by the year 2035 with a population of about 10 to 11 million. The land use proposes an
increaseinresidentialareasfrom35percentto44percentwithnosignificantchangeinindustrialareadue
totheStateGovernmentsrestrictivepolicyandanincreaseinlandareafortransportationusesfrom9.5
percent to 11.1 percent. A large area of land currently occupied by the closed textile mills in eastern
Ahmedabadwillbecomeamajorsourceofredevelopmentland.
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APPENDIXB:EXISTINGCONDITIONSINDSIR
TheProjectSite
TheDSIRsitefallsontheedgeofthe150kmbandofinfluenceareaoftheDMICandatadistanceofnearly
95km from the proposed alignment of the DFC. It is located in Dhadhuka and Barwala Talukas of
Ahmedabaddistrictandcovers22villagesincludingDholera,anancientportcity.ThesitetouchestheGulf
ofKhambatontheeasternside,spreadsbeyondRiverSukhbhadaronthenorthernboundaryandtheRiver
Utavalionthesouthernboundary.FigureB1givesanintroductiontothepredominantsitefeatures.The
eastern boundary abuts the Gulf of Khambat and about 33,885 ha land is rendered unavailable for
developmentasitisincludedundertheCoastalRegulationZone(CRZ).SH6istheprimarytransportartery
thatconnectsthesitetotheregionalroadnetworkandtotheadjoiningcitiesofAhmedabadtoitsnorth
andBhavnagartothesouth.
RegionalMacroClimateandtheEnvironment
Climate
TheIndianMeteorologicalDepartmenthasidentifiedfourseasonsintheDSIR,namelysummer,southwest
monsoon,postmonsoon,andwinter.ThesummerseasonstartsfromMarchandcontinuesuptoJuneend.
October and November constitute the post monsoon season. The weather is generally cold during
DecembertoFebruary.
Temperature
The maximum and minimum temperature recorded at Ahmedabad and Bhavnagar and the monthly
temperaturevariationandisgiveninTableB1andTableB2respectively.ItisclearfromTableB2that
average temperature at 0830 hours and 1730 hours for both, Ahmedabad and Bhavnagar is in the same
rangeinallmonthsoftheyear.MayisthehottestmonthoftheyearbothatAhmedabadandBhavnagar
andthesametrendisexpectedattheProjectsitewiththetemperaturedecreasingslightlyinJunewiththe
onset of the monsoon but remaining steady until September. After cessation of the monsoon season in
September,thetemperaturecontinuestodecreaseinpostmonsoonandwinterseasonandtheminimum
temperatureisrecordedinthemonthofJanuary.
TableB1:MaximumandMinimumTemperatures
PLACE
MAXTEMPERATURE(C)
MINTEMPERATURE(C)
Ahmedabad
47.8(27/5/1916)
3.3(23/11/1912)
Bhavnagar
46.7(7/5/1912)
0.6(31/1/1929)
TableB2:MonthlyAverageVariationinDryBulbTemperatureatBhavnagarandAhmedabad
MONTH
TEMPERATURE(C)
0830HOURS
1730HOURS
AHMEDABAD
BYHAVNAGAR
AHMEDABAD
BYHAVNAGAR
January
14.6
15.4
26.8
26.8
February
17.4
18.2
30.1
29.7
March
22.8
23.6
34.9
33.8
April
27.4
28.1
38.8
36.8
May
29.4
29.9
40.6
37.5
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MONTH
TEMPERATURE(C)
0830HOURS
1730HOURS
AHMEDABAD
BYHAVNAGAR
AHMEDABAD
BYHAVNAGAR
June
29.4
29.8
36.5
34.4
July
27.4
28.1
31.6
31.1
August
26.3
27
30.3
30.2
September
26.5
26.7
31.9
31.1
October
25.5
26.6
33.8
33.5
November
21.4
22.3
30.6
30.8
December
16.6
17.3
27.5
27.5
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FigureB1:TheDSIR
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Rainfall
It is anticipated that the annual rainfall in DSIR will be about 800 mm as climatological conditions of
Bhavnagardistrictdominatethisarea.ThemeanaveragemonthlyrainfallforAhmedabadandBhavnagar
districtsfrom195280isgiveninTableB3.
TableB3:TotalMonthlyRainfall
MONTH
AHMEDABAD(mm)
BHAVNAGAR(mm)
January
2.6
1.2
February
1.1
1.5
2.4
April
0.9
0.4
May
4.6
June
108.7
114.9
July
265.3
180.5
August
219.8
152.9
September
171.9
117.4
October
10.8
26.1
November
8.9
10.8
December
2.6
March
TableB4:SurfaceandGroundWaterQuality
CONCENTRATIONINMG/LEXCEPTPh
SURFACEWATER
GROUNDWATER
Source
Creek
Borewell
pH
7.66
7.17
TDS
27940
5664
TSS
2444
16
Sulphate
1782
468
Phosphate
0.83
0.32
13596
2444
Turbidity(NTU)
416
0.9
Alkalinity
240
260
Iron
0.9
Nil
5700
1100
Chloride
Hardness
WindSpeed
Thewindspeedsinthesubregionarelighttomoderatewithsomestrengtheningduringthesouthwest
monsoon. The wind speed is generally high during the period from April to August. The mean monthly
averagewindspeedrecordedbyIMDatAhmedabadandBhavnagararepresentedinTableB4.
WindspeedattheProjectsiteislikelytobeintherangeindicatedforBhavnagarastheDSIRsiteiscloseto
theestuarineregion.
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TableB5:MonthlyAverageWindSpeed
MONTH
WINDSPEED(km/hr)
AHMEDABAD
BHAVNAGAR
January
5.8
13.7
February
5.9
14.6
March
6.3
16.1
April
18
May
9.2
22.6
June
10.1
25.9
July
8.7
23.2
August
7.2
19.3
September
October
15.7
4.3
13.1
November
4.6
11.9
December
5.3
11.9
WindPersistenceinVariousDirection&WindRoseDiagram
Inthisregion,windpersistenceasprevailingatBhavnagarisanticipated.TheWindRosediagramisgivenin
FigureB2.
FigureB 2:WindRoseDiagramforBhavnagar
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Geology
ThegeomorphicunitsintheDSIRareoccupiedbysedimentsthatdatebacktotheQuaternaryperiod.The
surface sediments comprise Katpur Formation containing Rann Clay (tidal deposits) deposited by marine
agencies,VarahiFormation(floodplaindeposits)andAkajFormations(channelfill&floodplaindeposits)
deposited by fluvial agencies occupying the western part of Dholera Adhelai (See Figure B3). Soils are
fine to coarse loamy, mixed montomorillonitic (shrinkage and swelling characteristics) calcareous and
mostlysaline.
Seismicity
TheDSIRfallsundertheZoneIIIoftheSeismiczoningmapofIndiaIS18932002asshowninFigureB4,
whichsuggestsonlyamoderateriskofearthquakes.ThesiteliestothewestoftheWestCambayFaultbut
thisdoesnotappeartobeactiveasonlyafewshockshaveoccurredalongitinhistoricaltimes.
The Institute of Seismological Research at Gandhinager is currently advising Gujarat Infrastructure
Development Board (GIDB) on seismic issues related to the DSIR. They are undertaking a 15 month
geotechnicalandgeophysicalstudyinvolvingextensiveboreholeinvestigations.Theirpreliminaryadviceon
soil strengthening and engineering solutions to reduce risk has been incorporated into the building
guidelines.
Topography
TheDSIRoccupiesalowlyingplainthatfallsverygraduallyfromthe8mcontouronthewesternboundary
tothe4mboundaryintheeast.Theeasternedgeofthesitethereforeliesbelowthehightidelevelwhich
isatabout5.5to6m.AlargeportionofthesitelieswithintheCoastalProtectionZone(CRZ).(SeeFigureB
5)
FigureB3:RegionalGeology
FigureB4:SeismicZonesinGujarat
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FigureB5:SeismicZonesinGujarat
Soils
In general, the soil type in the DSIR is fine to coarse loamy, mixed montomorillonitic, (shrinkage and
swellingcharacteristics)calcareousandmostlysaline.Thegroundwatertableisobservedat1to2.85min
Dhandhuka, Dholera and Bavaliyari and the region gets water logged from 6 to 24 hours during the
monsoons. The subsoil is made up of the alternate layers of soft silty clay/clayey silt of medium to high
plasticityandfinetomediumgrainedsand.
Inmostoftheregions,thebedrockisnotencounteredataconsiderabledepth.Thetypicalcrosssection
throughthesoillayersisillustratedinFigureB6.
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Theshearstrengthofthesoili.e.theloadcarryingcapacityorSafeBearingCapacity(SBC)ofsoilisabout5
T/sqm,whichisverylow.Themagnitudeofthesettlementundertheappliedloadwillbe300to800mm
dependingontheappliedpressureintensity.TableB6indicatespropertiesofthetopsoilprevalentinthe
projectregion.Generally,constructionofrigidstructuresonsuchsoilsisnotdeemedfeasible.Eveninthe
case of flexible structures, though the settlements occur uniformly, such heavy settlements are not
permissible.Theneedforimprovinggroundconditionspriortocommencementinconstructionactivityis
extremelycritical.
ExistingLanduse/Ownership
TheexistinglandusewithinthedelineatedDSIRprimarilycomprisesagriculturallandunderbothprivate
and Government ownership, land for cattle grazing, forest, village settlements and village ponds, and
mangrovehabitationalongtheGulfofKhambat.Thetotalareaclassifiedundereachcategoryisdividedas
AreaunderCRZandDevelopableAreaasindicatedintheTableB7.TheFigureB7indicatesthisexisting
landusemixanditsdivisionintotheCRZanddevelopableareas.
TableB6:PropertiesofTopSoilinDSIR
ASPECTS OF SILTY CLAY OF
HIGHPLASTICITY
UNIT
PROPERTY
Gravel
0000
Sand
2030
Silt
3040
Clay
3040
1030
LiquidLimit
5570
PlasticLimit
3040
PlasticityIndex
2030
ShrinkageLimit
811
SwellingPressure
T/m2
1.003.50
FreeSwellIndex
70135
SpecificGravity
2.632.65
T/m3
1.401.60
Natural
(NMC)
Moisture
Content
AtterbergLimits
DryDensity
ConsolidationProperties
CompressionIndex
0.200.35
InitialVoidRatio
0.701.00
ShearStrengthProperties
Cohesion
T/m2
2.003.00
FrictionAngle
Deg
310
215
Standard
Resistance,N
Penetration
FigureB 6:CrosssectionthroughSoil
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FigureB7:ExistingLandUsePlan
TableB7:ExistingLandUseMix
CLASSIFICATION
AREAOUTSIDECRZ
(ha)
AREAUNERCRZ
(ha)
TOTALAREA
(ha)
PERCENTOFTOTAL
VillageSettlements(Gamtal)
376
113
488
0.5
Village Ponds (Gam talav) &

otherWaterBodies
256
92
348
0.4
RiversandCreeks
366
2814
3180
3.6
Forest(Vanvibhag)
834
1524
2358
2.7
GovernmentOwnedLand
9110
15420
24530
28
LandunderPrivateOwnership
41001
12685
53686
61
Total
54260
33630
87890
100
Allnumbersrounded;LandownershipinformationissourcedfromthemapprovidedbyGIDB(BISAG).Thesiteareaasperthismap
wasabout87890ha.However,aspertheGISandCADdatabasepreparedfromthehighresolutionsatelliteimageryprovidedbythe
Client,thesiteareaisunderstoodtobe9197ha.
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APPENDIXC:DEMOGRAPHICPROFILEEXISTING
VILLAGESETTLEMENTS
ExistingVillageSettlements
SocioeconomicProfileofProjectAffectedVillages
TheDSIRwilldirectlyimpactthelandandlivelihoodof22villagesfromDhanduka(19villages)andBarvala
(3villages)Talukas.
Population
Accordingtothe2001Census,theexistingvillagesoftheDSIRsupportedapopulationofabout38,000(See
TableC1).Thevillagesrangeinsizefromjustover140residentsinBhimtalavtoover5,000inHebatpur,
thelargestvillagebypopulationintheDSIR.
SexRatio
The overall sex ratio for the 22 villages is 902, which is higher than the sex ratio of Ahmedabad District
(886)butlowerthantheNational(927)andState(919)sexratios.Thehighestsexratioisinthevillagesof
Mingalpurat986andthelowestsexratioof741isobservedinBhadiyad.SeeTableC2.
Literacy
In2001,according tothe Censusofthatyear,the overallliteracyoftheStateof Gujaratwas70percent
(calculatedbyexcludingthepopulationof06yearsagegroup),comparedtotheliteracyofIndiaofabout
65percent.ItcanbeseenfromTableC3thatintheProjectareaonevillage,Ottariyahasaliteracyrateof
83percentwhichismorethanthedistrictaverageof80percent.Howevertheoverallliteracyrateforthe
villagesintheDSIRisonlyabout57percent.
TableC1:DistributionofPopulationbyVillage
POPULATION
CRITERIA
NUMBEROF
VILLAGES
NAMEOFVILLAGESWITHPOPULATION(CENSUS2001)
Lessthan1000
Bhimtalav(141),Zankhi(526),Mundi(705),Panchi(891),Khadipur(923),
Sandhida(989),Cher(342)
10011999
Mahadevpura(1211),Rahatalav(1395),Sangasar(1609),Khun(1628),
Bhangadh(1734),Ottariya(1950),Ambli(1972),Gogla(1245)
Morethan2000
Mingalpur(2133),Bavaliyari(2325),Gorasu(2484),Bhadiyad
(2630),Dholera(2637),Hebatpur(5236),Sodhi(3007)
WorkforceStructure
TheCensusrevealsthattherehasbeenamarginalnetlossofthetotalruralworkforce(percentageoftotal
workerstototalpopulation)inDhandukaTalukabetween1991and2001.Therehasbeenahighernetloss
inthecategoryofmainworkersatnearly6percentandtheproportionofmainworkerstototalworkerhas
decreased, so that the proportion of marginal workers has gone up by the corresponding proportion.
Marginalworkersmakeupapproximately35%ofthetotalworkforce.Themarginalizationoftheworkforce
manifestsitselfinmigrationandjoblessnessinmuchofthestudyarea.
Occupation
Agricultureisthepredominantoccupationofthestudyareapopulationandabout62%ofthoseclassedas
mainworkersarecultivators.Urbanisationofthestudyareawillreducethisproportionsubstantiallyand
points to the need to ensure concentrated efforts on developing the skills of local people and evolving
extensivelivelihoodsupportsystemsfortheexistingvillagecommunities.
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TableC2:SexRatiobyVillage
SEXRATIO
NUMBEROF
VILLAGES
SEXRATIOINVILLAGES(CENSUS2001)
700800
Bhadiyad(741),Ottariya(791)
800900
Khadipur(850),Mahadevpura(895),Rahatalav(865),Gogla(878)
9001000
16
Bavaliyari(909),Bhangadh(942),Bhimtalav(932),Dholera(908),Gorasu
(911),Zankhi(977),Khun(913),Mingalpur(986),Mundi(986),Panchi
(908),Sangasar(911),Sandhida(913),Hebatpur(953),Ambli(930),Cher
(911),Sodhi(934)
TableC3:LiteracyRatebyVillage
LITERACYRATE
NUMBEROF
VILLAGES
NAMEOFVILLAGESWITHPOPULATION(CENSUS2001)
Lessthan40Percent
Bhangadh(36.78),Mahadevpura(22.88),Mingalpur(25.27),Rahatalav
(36.60),Zankhi(38.42)
4060Percent
Bavaliyari(48.70),Khun(52.08),Mundi(53.04),Panchi(59.62),Hebatpur
(54.13),Ambli(51.02),Gogla(42.59)
6080Percent
Bhadiyad(72.09),Bhimtalav(61.40),Dholera(76.19),Gorasu(72.30),
Khadipur(66.71),Sandhida(66.63),Sangasar(70.06),Cher(68.84),Sodhi
(61.36)
Morethan80
Percent
Ottariya(82.66)
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APPENDIXD:POPULATIONBASEESTIMATES
SignificantpopulationgrowthintheDSIRwillbedrivenbyestablishmentofeconomicactivities.Astrategic,
employmentled,demographicmodelhasthereforebeendevelopedandthemaincomponentsofthisare
summarisedinFigureD1.
The model takes as its starting point an estimate of the likely demand for industrial and other base
employment land in the DSIR over a period of 30 years, derived from indepth market demand studies
undertakenduringthepreparationofthisPlanin2009.Fromthisestimateofemploymentlanddemandit
hasbeenpossibletoforecastthelikelygenerationofjobs,baseduponinternationalandnationalnormsfor
jobcreationforeachindustrialsectorbased,commonlyexpressedoneitheronthebasisofnumberofjobs
perhaorsqmetreperemployee.
Baseemploymentgeneratesfurtherjobsinservicessuchastransport,commerce,Governmentandsoon.
Theratioofsupportjobstobasejobsvariesacrossindustrialsectorsbutforplanningpurposesanaverage
ratio across all sectors has been used, based upon a study of Indian norms and experience, adjusted to
reflectlocalconditionsandcircumstancesthatarelikelytoapplytotheDSIR.Togetherbaseandsupport
jobsprovideanestimateofthetotaljobscreated,thatis,theworkforce.Fromthisitispossibletoforecast
thetotalpopulationsupportedbytotalemploymentbyapplyingadependencyratio.Thedependencyratio
usedinthemodelisabroadestimateoffuturedependencyratesinGujarat.Thenumberofworkersinjobs
plustheirdependentsprovidestheestimateofthepopulationsupportedbytheDSIR.Notallofthejobs
likelytobegeneratedintheDSIRwillbetakenbyresidentsandsomeworkerswillcommuteintothearea
onadailybasisfromtheirhomesinnearbysettlementsorlargecitiessuchasBhavnagerorAhmedabad.
TableD1:DemographicIndicators
PARAMETER
PHASE1
PHASE2
PHASE3
TOTAL
ASSUPMTIONNOTES
Base
Employment
85,000
167,000
91,000
343,000
IndustrialMarket
Research
SupportJobs
119,850
235,470
128,310
483,630
TotalJobs
204,850
402,470
219,310
826,630
1.41Support
jobs/basejob
Dependentsper
Worker
409,700
804,940
438,620
1,653,260
GujaratDependency
Ratio:2
TotalSupported
Population
614,550
1,207,410
657,930
2,479,890
Total Number
ofHouseholds
153,638
301,853
164,483
619,973
Householdsize:4
Commuting
Propensity
40,970
80,494
43,862
165,326
20%ofhousehold
heads
Population
Residing in the
DSIR
491,640
965,928
526,344
1,983,912
Workersresidingin
theDSIRandtheir
families
496,000
970,000
534,000
2,000,000
RoundingNumbers
Itisnotpossibletopreciselypredicttheproportionoftheworkforcethatwillcommuteonadailybasisinto
the DSIR from outside because of the large number of variables involved, such as the quality, speed,
reliability, price and availability of public transport to and from the DSIR and the relative cost and
availabilityofhousinginandoutsidethearea.Forplanningpurposes,acommutingpropensityof20%has
beentakenasaworkingassumption,meaningthatofthetotalworkersandtheirdependents,only80%will
liveinthenewcity.Thisisaverybroadestimate,whichshouldbemonitoringovertimeandadjustments
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madetopoliciesandplansasthecitydevelopsifrequired.Theforecastdemographicparametersderived
fromthismodelovertheplanperiodaresummarisedinTableD1.
The population target is a very broad estimate, based upon the studies into the potential demand for
industrialandotheremploymentgeneratinglandintheDSIR.Actuallanddemandandtakeupmayvary,
depending upon a wide range of variables, including the success of the area in attracting investment,
competingindustriallocations,locallandpricesandincentivesofferedtoinvestors,andnationalandworld
economicconditionsovertheplanperiod.Afurtherconstraintmaybetheabilityoftheconstructionsector
todelivertheveryhighlevelsofphysicaldevelopmentimpliedintheemploymentandhousingtargets.It
may therefore take a longer period than 30 years to realise the growth target but this would in no way
invalidates the spatial strategy that underpins the Draft Development plan, which is flexible enough to
caterforafasterorslowerrateofgrowth.
FigureD1:DerivationofTotalPopulationfromIndustrialDemandEstimate
ValidatingtheEstimates
TheestimatedpopulationpotentialoftheDSIRisnearly2millionovera30yearperiod.Inordertoensure
thattheresultingtotalpopulationestimatesarerealistic,theyhavebeenvalidatedwithrespecttothree
factors:
correlation with historic, current population and projections by Census, Govt. of India and the
UnitedNationsIndiaforecasts;
comparisonwithpopulationgrowthperformancesofotherplannedcitiesinIndiaand
housingconstructionratesinthesubregion
It includes consideration of the forecast urbanrural divide and forecasts for population in urban
agglomerationsinGujarat.
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PopulationoftheDSIRintheBroaderPerspectiveofthePopulationofGujarat
TheUrbanandRuralDivide
The first validation exercise undertaken was an examination of the forecast urbanrural divide in Gujarat
populationprojectionsasperCensus2001andforecastsforurbanagglomerationsinIndiabytheUnited
Nations.
FigureD2showstheprojectedpopulationofGujaratuptothebenchmarkyear2040.
In 2001, the population of the State was recorded to about 51.3 million people, out of which about 38
percent resided in urban agglomerations and 62 percent in rural areas. In continuation with historic
demographictrendsinIndia,theCensusofIndiaprojectsruralpopulationcontributingahigherpercentof
thetotalpopulationuptoyear2020.Withinthenextdecade,forecastsrevealareversalinthistrendwitha
sharpdeclineintheruralpopulationgrowthandacorrespondingincreaseintheurbanshare.Thusbyyear
2025,thepercentshareoftheurbanpopulationofGujaratisexpectedtobeabout35.4million,whichis51
percentofthetotalpopulation.Thistrendofrapidurbanizationisexpectedtocontinueandby2040there
willhavebeenadrasticreversaloftheurbanruraldivideof2001.
FigureD2:UrbanRuralDivideinGujarat
By 2040, about 65 percent of the Gujarat population (50 million) will reside in urban agglomerations
whereasabout35percent(26million)willcontinuetoliveinruralareas.Thusby2040theStatewillhave
to allocate adequate urban resources land, infrastructure and social amenities for its additional urban
populationof31million,whichisabout165percentofthe2001figures.
TheDistributionofPopulationinUrbanAgglomerations
Thedistributionofurbanlandin2001andprojectedgrowthby2025isindicatedinFigureD3.Thechart
indicates the share of the population of the main Urban Agglomerations (UA) in 2001 and quantifies the
needfornewurbancentrestoaccommodatetheincreasedpopulationin2025.
The forecast population numbers have been sourced from the United Nations India Forecasts, and are
supportedwithCensusdataandprojectionstoyear2026.WhilethefourmajoragglomerationsinGujarat,
namelyAhmedabad,Surat,VadodaraandRajkotarecitedindividually,othersmallerurbanagglomerations
are termed as Other UA. The gap between projected total urban population in the State and projected
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growthinexistingcentresisclassifiedasGrowthtobeaccommodatedrepresentedbynewurbangrowth
centresliketheDSIR.
Outoftheprojectedurbanpopulationof35.4millionbytheyear2025,itisforecastedthattheAhmedabad
UAwillcontinuetoaccountforthelargestsharewithabout7.7millionpeople,followedby5.7millionfrom
Surat,2.6millionfromVadodaraand1.9millionfromRajkot.OtheragglomerationsinGujaratwillaccount
for about 11.6 million people by 2025. This leaves an estimated 5.9 million people that will have to be
accommodated in new urban centres, in addition to those that will be housed in the existing urban
regions.
AssumingthattheDSIRwillbenearingtheendofitsPhase1,itssupportedpopulationcouldbeabout0.6
millioninhabitantsby2025,whichisabout30%ofitstargetestimatedpopulationof2million.
Given that the unallocated urban growth for Gujarat will be 5.9 million by 2025, the target for the DSIR
doesnotappeartobeoverlyambitious.
FigureD3:CurrentandProjectedgrowthinUrbanAgglomerationsinGujarat
Interestingly,theinvestmentregionisafittingexampleofthedramaticruraltourbanshiftthatmanifests
in2025.ThepresentcharacteroftheDSIRispredominantlyruralandithasbeenchosenasthelocationfor
aneconomicallydiverseandproductiveurbancity.Indeed,withoutproposednewcitiessuchasDholera,it
isdifficulttoseehowtheforecastincreaseinurbangrowthintheStatecouldbeaccommodated.
CapacityoftheConstructionIndustrytobuildhousingunits
Anappreciationoftheprevalentannualhousingconstructionratesinthesubregionisperhapsareliable
indicator of the construction industry capacity to realize the development envisioned. It helps provide a
realistic correlation between the target populations to be housed each year and the dynamics of the
construction industry; that is availability of labour, positive or negative impact of economic performance
(inflation)tocostofrawmaterial,realestatemarketpricing,investorsinterestsandsoon.
Forillustrativepurposes,TableD2indicatesnumberofGradeAhousingunitsconstructedinAhmedabad,
thenearestmajorurbancentretotheDSIRforwhichreliablestatisticsareavailable.
InabsenceofactualnumbersforGradeBandChousingunitsitisassumedthattheywillbeatleast3times
more in number than those of Grade A. The past three to five years have witnessed an unprecedented
boomintherealestateandconstructionsectorsinIndiaanditwouldbereasonabletoassumethatthis
has resulted in a very good supply or even an oversupply of Grade A housing units. With a 20 percent
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correction accountable to real estate market instability, it can be broadly assumed that the average
numberofhousingunitsconstructedannuallyintheAhmedabadregionisabout12,000.
This is a very rough estimate of recent housing supply. In comparison, the annual supply of housing
requiredtomeetforecastdemandintheDSIRisabout14,000dwellingsperannumovera30yearperiod.
This is a very ambitious target and appears to exceed what has been achieved in Ahmedabad in recent
years.
Housing production is not a straight linear process but requires years of slow build up to reach a high
throughput,assupplychainsareestablished,workerstrainedandproductionfacilitiescreated.Production
starts slowly, especially if there is no established market in the location. So to reach an annual target of
14,000 dwellings could take many years. In the meantime the annual build rates required to meet the
targetincreaseseveryyearthattheproductionremainsbelowthenorm.Thebuildupoftherequiredrun
rateinlimitedovercricketprovidesagoodanalogy.
SignificantsupportatalllevelswillthereforeberequiredfromGovernmentandtheprivatesectortomeet
thisverydifficulthousebuildingtarget.
ConclusiononthePopulationEstimation
Threevalidationexerciseswereconductedinordertoassesshowrealisticisthepopulationtargetoffor
theDSIR.ThepopulationtargetfortheDSIRisjustunder2millioninhabitantswithin30yearsofthestart
of its development. The target, which was an outcome of the number of base jobs derived from the
industrialmarketassessment,wassetinthecontextofthelikelypopulationgrowthinthestate,thepast
growthofothernewcitiesinIndiaandthehousebuildingrateimpliedbythetotaldwellingrequirement
over30years.
Turningfirsttothequestionofpopulationgrowth,itcanbeseenthatthegrowthforecastfortheurban
populationofGujaratstateto2025issubstantialandthatanumberofnewurbansettlementssuchasthat
proposedatDholerawillberequiredtoaccommodatethisgrowth.Onthiscount,itisthereforeconcluded
thatthetargetpopulationfortheDSIRisappropriate.
WithregardtothepastgrowthperformanceofothernewcitiesinIndia,theanswerislessconvincing.New
cities,ascomparedtothegrowthofexistingcitiesormajorcityexpansionschemes,aregenerallyslowto
develop, especially where they are remote from existing centres of population. It is considered that the
requiredrateofgrowthforDholerawillneedtobehigherthanhasbeenachievedinthethreeothernew
cities that have been examined above. This presents a sizable challenge to those charged with
implementingthedevelopmentofthenewcity.
Lastly it is considered that the rate of house construction implied by the housing target for the city is
extremelyhighandwilltesttheconstructionindustry,whichmayrequiretechnicalandfinancialassistance
bytheGovernmenttoachievetherequiredrateofhousebuilding.
Overall,itisconcludedthatreachingthepopulationtargetfortheDSIRrepresentsachallengeandonethat
willonlybepossibletoachieveiftheprojectreceivesaveryhighdegreeofGovernmentsupport.
TableD2:AverageAnnualHousingConstructionRate
YEAR
GRADEAHOUSING
GRADEB&C
HOUSING
TOTAL
20%MARKET
CORRECTION
200607
2929
8787
11716
9373
200708
4992
14976
19968
15974
200809
3236
9708
12944
10355
AverageAnnualDwellingsConstructionRateforAhmedabad
11901
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APPENDIXE:GOVERNMENTLANDOWNERSHIPBY
PHASE
FigureE1:LandunderPhase1DevelopmentOwnedbytheGovernment
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APPENDIXF:TRAFFICSTUDY
TrafficSurveysandLocations
Areconnaissancesurveywascarriedouttoidentifythepossibleimpactofregionalandlocalnetworkafter
thedevelopmentoftheDSIR.
NH8E provides connectivity to Pipavav which is one of the important ports of Gujarat. Traffic Volume
Count (TVC) was conducted on NH8E to assess the current incoming and outgoing port traffic. The two
laneroadisingoodconditionandthetrafficplyingonthisroadismainlyindustrial.
SH8playsanimportantroleprovidingconnectivitytothesouthboundtrafficfromGujaratorotherStates.
ThereforeitischosenasthesecondlocationfortheTVC.
The State Highways influencing the DSIR are two lane and these are in good condition. NH 8A is 50 km
awayconnectingLimbditoDSIRviaSH20.TheobservedAverageDailyTraffic(ADT)atthesurveylocation
ontheNH8Aisaround30,000PCUscateringmainlytotheKandlaport.Analternativeshorterroutetothe
KandlaportisalsoavailablefromSH20aftercrossingNH8AatLimbdi.Thislinkpresentlyfacescongestion
duetourbanlinkageslikeSurendranagarandWadhwan.ThisStateHighwayislikelytoshortenthedistance
toKandlaPortoncedevelopedanditwasthusconsideredasthethirdlocationfortheTVC.FourthTVCwas
conductedonNH8AafterLimbdi.Speeddelaysurveyswerealsoconductedattheidentifiedlocationsin
andaroundDSIRarea.TheaveragejourneyspeednearDholeraonSH6isabout40Kmperhour.
The data collected from the traffic surveys was used for the analysis and interpretation of results with
respect to existing traffic, travel pattern and for forecasting purposes. The traffic volume data collected
throughonedaysurveyatthesurveylocationsarepresentedinTableF1.
Apartfromabovementionedlocations,pasttrafficcensusdataonsomeoftheimportantlinkagesrelevant
toDSIRhas beenprovidedbytheGIDB.Thisprovidedthebasetrafficontheinfluential roadnetworkof
DSIR. Table F2 provides this traffic data on SH4, SH6, SH8 and SH20, which are important road
connections to the DSIR. The hourly details pertaining to Average Daily Traffic with total Passenger Car
Units(PCUs)bydirectionatthesurveylocationsisgiveninTableF3.Thelinkwisedetailsforotherexternal
linkagesaregiveninTableF4.
It was observed that the truck traffic on NH8 is very heavy as compared to other State Highways. The
reasonbeing,thatitconnectsAhmedabadwithotherportsintheState,whereastheStateHighwayscarry
localtrafficandthushaveahigherpercentageoftwowheelers.
TableF1:ResultsoftheTrafficSurvey
MODE
NH8A
NH8E
SH20
SH36
NEARLIMDI
NEARGHOGA
NEARLIMDI
NEARBHAVNAGAR
MiniLCV
105
227
34
220
LCV
1017
520
191
504
2Axle
2050
1260
257
1683
3Axle
2817
1348
263
1205
MAV
1183
393
71
381
Oversize
Other
Car/Jeep/Van
58
24
11
21
MiniBus
12
Bus
TollExemptVehicles
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MODE
NH8A
NH8E
SH20
SH36
NEARLIMDI
NEARGHOGA
NEARLIMDI
NEARBHAVNAGAR
LCV
14
Trucks
Vehiclesforwhichtollisnotapplicable
2wheelers
1002
4570
1227
5571
AutoRickshaw
425
2180
452
4912
Tractors
141
162
75
198
TotalNonMotorized
209
176
170
182
11,766
7,156
2,166
8,181
83
41
19
42
TotalVehicles
13,626
14,285
4,109
19,086
TotalPCU
30,263
20,062
5,255
25,239
TotalTollable
TotalTollExempt
TableF2:AverageDailyTraffic(ADT)atSurveylocationsTrafficCensusData(2008)
MODE
NH8A
NH8E
SH20
SH36
NEARLIMDI
NEARGHOGA
NEARLIMDI
NEARBHAVNAGAR
Sc/Mc
715
2312
533
790
AutoRickshaw
411
31
560
17
Car/Jeep/Van
667
1326
1418
990
MiniBus
311
102
325
105
Std.Bus
285
537
355
114
Tempo/LCV
722
550
1388
199
2AxleTruck
651
602
1778
246
3AxleTruck
134
276
542
37
MAxleTruck
72
46
399
TractorwithTrailer
184
19
115
10
TractorwithoutTrailer
269
10
87
Cycle
262
382
280
312
CycleRickshaw
15
11
62
AnimalDrawn
73
26
163
20
Others
41
26
TotalVehicles
4813
6231
8031
2843
Total(PCU)
8427
8310
15977
3295
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TableF3:AverageDailyTrafficCount
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TableF4:AverageDailyTrafficCount(Cont.)
TableF5:ExternalLinkData
ROAD/SECTION
SH4&SH6
KamodJunction
Dholka
Vataman
Pipli
Dholera
Adhelui
Bhavnagar
Total
NationalHighway
NH8A
SarkejJunction
Bavla
Bagodra
Limbdi
Sayla
Chotila
BamanborCircle
Morbi
Bhachau
Ghandhidham
Kandla
Total
LENGTH(km)
0
30
25
23
17
30
30
155
JOURNEYSPEED
(kmph)
RUNNINGSPEED
(kmph)
49
38
39
41
45
45
49
39
41
43
46
46
0
20
28
43
34
33
13
52
95
35
20
373
40
48
47
51
50
39
52
50
53
48
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41
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49
52
51
41
53
50
54
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ROAD/SECTION
NH8E
Bhavnagar
Ghogha
Talaja
Mauva
Victor/Pipavav
Jafrabad
Una
Total
OtherStateHighways
SH25
Bhavnagar
Sihor
Babra
Sardhar
Rajkot
Total
SH36
Bhavnagar
Vallbhipur
Barvala
DhandhukaJunction
Total
SH1
DhandhukaJunction
Ferada
Lothal
Total
SH20
Dholera
DhandhukaJunction
Limbdi
Wadhwan
Surendranagar
Dhrangadhra
Halvad
Morvi
LENGTH(km)
JOURNEYSPEED
(kmph)
0
15
44
46
16
25
37
183
45
53
50
48
50
56
0
22
65
55
31
173
47
65
55
53
0
38
27
28
93
57
54
56
0
20
15
35
65
54
58
48
45
0
27
31
22
5
35
27
43
51
66
56
55
50
54
51
48
52
56
RUNNINGSPEED
(kmph)
50
45
58
41
47
30
53
54
52
60
42
47
43
54
54
52
CapacityAnalysis
CapacityAnalysisforDSIRRegionalconnectivityandinfluencingroadsectionsarecarriedouttodefinethe
Level of Service (LOS) offered by roads under the prevailing roadway and traffic conditions and to
recommend capacity augmentation based on traffic levels. The roadway and traffic conditions include
design hour traffic, vehicle composition, and directional distribution of traffic, lane width and type of
terrain.Theidentifiedroadsectionspassthroughplainterrains.
Aspeakhourtrafficofprojectroadsectionsaredifferent,capacityforsinglelaneandintermediatelaneare
calculatedbyusinghourlycapacityvaluesrecommendedbyIRCandapplyingactualpeakhourfactors.The
estimatedcapacitiesbasedonIRCrecommendationsarepresentedinTableF5.
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TableF6:EstimatedCapacitiesofStrategicRoadConnections
SECTION
ROAD
LANE
CONFIGURATION
ADT
(VEHICLE)
ADT
(PCU)
V/CRATIO
LEVELOF
SERVICE
SarkejBagodra
NH8A
28770
45142
0.56
LimdiChotila
NH8A
13626
30263
0.38
Bhavnagar
Trapaj/Pipavav
NH8E
19963
20062
0.58
LimdiWadhwan
SH20
4109
5255
0.15
Dhanduka
Bhavnagar
SH36
19086
25239
0.73
SimejWataman
SH4
4813
8427
0.24
WatamanDholera
SH6
6231
8310
0.24
Wataman
Taranagar
SH8
8031
15977
0.46
DhandhukaLimbdi
SH20
2843
3295
0.1
VehicleOccupancyforEstimationofTrips
TablesF7andF8giveassumedoccupancyratesforpassengerandfreighttrafficforestimationofexternal
andinternaltripswithintheDSIR.
TableF7:OccupancyforEstimationofTrips
MODE
OCCUPANCY
2W
1.2
Car
Taxi
1.5
Sharingjeeps
Minibus
Bus
30
55
TableF8:FreightTrafficTrip
MODE
VEHICLES/DAY/Ha
Light Commercial
Vehicles(LCV)
2.34
Trucks
4.2
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APPENDIXG:EVALUATIONOFFRESHWATER
SOURCESFORDSIR
Introduction
Anumberofagencieshavebeencontactedanddocumentsstudiedinordertoidentifyanadequateand
reliablewatersourceforDSIR.Theseinclude:
GujaratWaterSupplyandSanitationBoard(GWSSB)
GujaratWaterInfrastructureLimited(GWIL)
SardarSarovarNarmadaNigamLimited(SSNNL)
IndianMetrologicalDepartment(IMD)
GujaratInfrastructureDevelopmentBoard(GIDB)
NarmadaWaterResources,WaterSupplyandKalpasarDepartment
Irrigation/CanalNetworkMap
WaterSupplyNetworkMapoftheRegion
KhambhatGulfDevelopmentProject(Kalpasar)PreFeasibilityReportand
TheWaterResourceDevelopmentAtlasofIndia
Options
After detailed study of the reports, information and post discussion with the different authorities, the
followingpossiblesourcesoffreshwaterhavebeenidentifiedandevaluated;
NarmadaCanal;
PariyejReservoirandKanevalReservoirDevelopmentofreservoirsinandaroundtheprojectarea;
Desalinationofseawater;
GroundWaterand
TheKalpasarsweetwaterlake.
NarmadaCanalanditsTributaries
TheNarmadacanalistheprimarywatersourcefortheregion.Thiscanaloriginatesfromthereservoirof
theSardarSarovarDam(terminaldam)ontheNarmadaRiverlocatedat170kmsupstreamfromwherethe
riverflowsintotheGulfofKhambhatintheArabianSea.Thegrossareaofthereservoirisabout37,000ha
withalinearstretchof214kmofwaterandanaveragewidthof1.77km.FigureG1indicatesaschematic
locationoftheVallabhipurBranchoftheNarmadaCanal,anditsfourminorsthatinterceptthesite.
TableG1givessalientfeaturesoftheSardarSarovarDam.
ThetotalavailabilityoffreshwaterfromtheNarmadaRiverforthefourStatesofMadhyaPradesh,Gujarat,
MaharashtraandRajasthanwillbeabout28millionacrefeet(MAF).ThesharesofeachStatehavebeen
giveninTableG2.
Outof28.00MAF,9.00 MAFwillbe distributedfromthe SardarSarovarDamtoGujarat,the breakupof
whichisindicatedintheTableG3.
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TableG1:SalientFeaturesoftheSardarSarovarDam
1
FullReservoirLevel(FRL)
138.68m
MaximumWaterLevel
140.21m
Minimumdrawdownlevel
110.64m
Normaltailwaterlevel
25.91m
Grossstoragecapacityofthereservoir
0.95Mham(7.7MAF)
Livestoragecapacity
0.58Mham(4.75MAF)
Deadstoragecapacity
0.37Mham(2.97MAF)
TableG2:AllocationofNarmadaWaterfordifferentStates
SR.NO. PARTYSTATE
ALLOCATEDSHAREOFWATER
MadhyaPradesh
18.25MAF(22.51km3)
Gujarat
9.00MAF(11km3)
Maharashtra
0.25MAF(0.31km3)
Rajasthan
0.50MAF(0.62km3)
Total
28.00MAF(35km3)
TableG3:NarmadaWaterUtilizationShareinGujarat
SR.NO. TYPEOFUSE
QUANTITY
WaterforIrrigation
7.94MAF
WaterforDrinking
0.86MAF
WaterforIndustrialUses
0.20MAF
Total
9.00MAF
ThereisnetworkofcanalstotransportwaterfromtheNarmadaRivertodifferentlocationsoftheState.
ThenearesttributaryoftheNarmadaCanaltotheDSIRistheVallabhipurbranch,whichisasubbranchof
themainSaurashtraChannel.ThedischargefromtheVallabhipurbranchisabout70cum/secatthehead
ofthecanal,andthedischargefromtheDholkabranchisabout57cum/sec.Inordertosatisfythetotal
waterdemandoftheDSIR,about10%ofthiswatersupplywouldneedtobedivertedtotheprojectarea.
The alignment of the Vallabhipur channel and its networks is shown on Figure G1. The transportation
distancetothestoragetanksintheDSIRwillbeabout10kmsandwaterfromtheminorchannelscanbe
transportedtotheproposedstoragelocationsbygravity.
DistributariesofftakingfromVallabhipurBranchCanalandMinorsaregiveninTableG4.
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FigureG1:VallabhipurSubbranchandChannelAlignmentneartheDSIR
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TableG4:DetailsofDistributariesofftakingfromVallabhipurBranchCanalandMinors
NAMEOF
DISTRIBUTARY
OFF
TAKING
CHAINAGE
FROM
V.B.C.(km)
LENGTH
(km)
COMM
AND
AREA
(ha)
DISCHARGEOFDISTR.
(CUMECS)
CANALSECTION(m)
FREEBOARD(m)
FULLSUPPLYLEVEL
(m)
GROUNDLEVEL(m)
AREA
HEAD
TAIL
BED
WIDTH
(H)
FSD
(H)
BED
WIDTH
(H)
FSD
(T)
HEAD
TAIL
HEAD
TAIL
HEAD
TAIL
ENCOMPASSING
VILLAGES
LD4B
64.795
27.277
13168
5.7669
0.3978
1.2
1.96
0.45
0.72
0.55
0.4
17.99
10.375
16.648
6.477
Dhandhuka, Kasindra,
Khasta, Ganf, Shela,
Amali,
Gogla,
Kamatalav
LD5B (Kadipur
Distr.)
65.951
21.989
5721
2.567
0.8094
0.85
1.46
0.6
0.4
0.4
17.437
9.389
16.788
7.637
Dhandhuka,
Bhadiyad,
Kadipur
LD6B (Gorasu
Distr.)
67.542
16.818
7384
3.2769
0.4459
0.57
0.45
0.75
0.55
0.4
17.436
9.773
16.349
8.424
Dhandukha,
Rojka,
Kothadia,
Kharnal,
Bhadiad,Gorasu
LD7B (Bavliyari
Distr.)
71.802
39.09
21543
10.78
0.6676
1.6
2.62
0.6
0.55
0.4
16.396
8.509
15.174
5.739
Akru, Kharad, Sodhi,

Cher, Gorasu, Otariya,
Sandhida,
Mundi,
Dholera,
Jankhi,
Bavaliyari,
Zinjar,
Nabhoi,Bhadiad, Khun,
Bhimtalav, Rahtalav,
Mahadevpura,
Bhangarh,Maingalpur
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Rojka,
Ganf,
PariyejReservoirandKanevalReservoir
TherearetwolargewaterreservoirsatPariyejandKanevalabout50kmfromtheDSIR.PariyejandKaneval
reservoirsare445haand625hainareaandtheirstoragecapacitiesare287millioncubicfeet(mcft)and
289mcftrespectively.ThesereservoirsarewellconnectedandfedbytheMahiSagarRiveraswellasthe
NarmadaCanal.ThePariyejandKanevalareperennialwaterstoragereservoirsforthesupplyof250MLD
ofwater.
TheSaurashtrabranchcanalisunderconstructiontosupplyirrigationanddrinkingwatertotheSaurashtra
regionandoncethiscanaliscommissioned,thewaterfromPariyejandKanevalreservoirsmaybeavailable
totheDSIR.
DevelopmentofwaterreservoirsinandaroundtheDSIR
Anofflinewaterreservoirintheformofwidewaterchannelscouldbedevelopedtotaptherainwaterof
the area. It is proposed that rivers that are joining the development area on its western and northern
boundaries are impounded in a linear reservoir. Surplus water would be disposed off in the sea by
remodelling the existing rivers downstream. Special structures, including weirs and other desilting
mechanismswouldbeconstructedtoavoidsiltation.Theupstreamcourseoftherivercanalsobeutilized
tostorerainwater.
To study the availability of water, the entire Catchment Area (C.A.) shall be considered. There after the
intercepted C.A by upstream projects shall be deducted and net C.A. available shall be considered for
workingoutrainfallrunoffcorelation(R.R.relation).FromR.R.relation,theavailableyieldat50%,60%,
75%and98%reliabilityshallbeworkedout.AstheDSIRisanindustrialandresidentialarea,98%reliability
should be assumed. Also the spill water available from the upstream releases through existing irrigation
projectsshallbeconsideredandadded,fortotalsurfacewateravailability.
The DSIR lies within the Sukhbhadar and Utavali river basins. There are three medium scale irrigation
projects located in the Sukhbhadar basin: the Dhari Irrigation Project in Chotila taluka and the Goma
Irrigation Project and the Sukhbhadar Irrigation Project, both in Botad taluka. The medium scale
KhambhadaIrrigationProjectislocatedontheRiverUtavaliinDhandhukataluka.
The average yield persq.km of the catchment area of each of these projects is 0.07 mcum, 0.11 mcum,
0.086 mcum and 0.074 mcum for the Dhari, Goma, Sukhbhadar and Khambhada irrigation projects
respectively. For the purpose of broadly estimating the availability of surface water, the average annual
yieldcanbeassumedas0.085mm3/sq.k.m.ThefreecatchmentareabelowtheSukhbhadardam,whichis
theterminal daminthatriverbasinisabout900sq.kmandfreecatchmentareabelowtheKhambhada
damis296sq.km.Assumingtherainfallpattern&topographicalfeaturesofthecatchmentareaaresimilar
as the existing projects, then the average annual yield from the free catchment area can be broadly
assumedforestimationpurposesas100mcum,subjecttomoredetailedstudy.
To obtain actual yield estimation, the detailed rainfallrunoff CoRelation shall be established based an
observeddataforatleastthelast15to20yearsofrainfall&gaugedischarge,andyieldseriesThiswillgive
theactualestimationoftheavailabilityofwaterandwouldbethebasisforfurtherplanning.
Withregardtoupstreamreleases,itshouldbenotedthattheSukhbhadarDamandKhambhadaDamare
gateddamsandduringflood,regulatedreleasesmaybeavailabledependinguponthestoragecapacityof
thereservoir.Theobserveddata,sinceconstructionofthesedamshowsnosignificantoverflowfromthese
dams,thatistheyieldwaslessorjustsufficienttofillthereservoirtoitscapacity.TheDhariDam&Goma
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Dam are ungated and hence during floods overflow, water becomes available if the water level in the
reservoirisabovethecrestlevelofthedam.Howevertheobserveddatashowsnosignificantoverflowof
the dam. Hence for the purpose of estimating the dependable availability of fresh water it can be safely
assumedthattherewillbenocontributionoffloodwaterfromupstreamreleases.
Channels (minors) from the Vallabhipur subbranch proposed by the SSNNL passing through the DSIR as
shownintheFigureH1canbetappedintotheproposedwaterreservoirsandcanalstoaugmentthewater
sourceintheDSIR.ThisapproachtowaterresourcedevelopmentfortheDSIRshouldproveasustainable
watersupplytomeetthedemandsofthearea.Thewaterreservoirscanalsobeusedforotherpurposes,
including water sports and picnic areas, parks, , fish farms and nature conservation areas. During heavy
rainssurplusstormwatershallbedraineddownstreamoftherivertoavoidflooding.
DesalinationofSeaWater
The DSIR is a coastal region and fresh water can be produced through desalination. Water produced
throughthisprocessisgenerallymorecostlythanwaterobtainedthroughothersources.
GroundWater
The ground water table in the DSIR is very shallow but it is saline and contains arsenic and fluoride and
cannotthereforebeusedwithouttreatment.Treatmentofsuchwaterisverycostly.Theremaybefresh
water in a confined form at relatively greater depth. To determine this will require more detailed
investigationssuchasresistivitysurveysandremotesensingtechniquesorthedrillingofsampleborewells.
KalpasarSweetWaterLake
The Government of Gujarat is planning to construct a very large dam across the Gulf of Khambhat and
thereby to create a fresh water reservoir from the impounded waters of the Narmada, Sabarmati, Mahi,
and Dhadar Rivers. The stored water would be used to meet the irrigation, water supply and industrial
requirementoftheSaurashtraregion.
EvaluationofOptions
Anevaluationwasmadeofthewatersupplyoptionsoutlinedabove.Fromthisevaluationitisconcluded
that:
TappingoftheNarmadaCanalshouldbeconsideredastheprimesourceofwaterfortheDSIR.
DevelopmentofwaterreservoirscouldalsohelpsupplementthesupplyofrawwaterfortheDSIR
butsincetheriversarenotperennialandremaindryforabout9monthsoftheyear,itwouldbe
alwaysbenecessarytoconnectandaugmentthewaterbodyfromthetributaryofthe Narmada
Canal.
If the Kalpasar dam is constructed, it would provide the best long term solution for the water
supplyfortheDSIR.
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APPENDIXH:GROUNDIMPROVEMENTSTRATEGY
GroundImprovementMethods
Differentschemesoftreatmentforthesoilareproposedinorderthatdevelopmentremainscosteffective
andthesearediscussedbelow.
BasalReinforcement
In this method the existing soil is excavated and the geotextile/geogrid layer is installed at the designed
depth and the area is then refilled with sand or murrum material. Geotextiles/geogrids distribute the
stressesuniformlyontheunderlainsoil.Thestressdistributionandtransferdependontheinterlockingand
/orfrictionbetweenthesoilandgeotextile/geogrid.Thismethodhasbeenwidelyusedforhighwayand
railwayembankments.
Thismethodisfasttoexecuteandalsoeconomicwhentherequiredsafebearingcapacityiscomparatively
low at about 10 tonnes per metre squared (T/m2). However the settlements cannot be controlled in this
methodandhencetheyareonlysuitableforflexiblestructures.
Theimprovedsafebearingcapacitycanbeverifiedbyconductingtheplateloadtestafterthetreatment.
PrefabricatedVerticalDrains(PVD)/BandDrains
Thistreatmentmethodhelpstoincreasethesafebearingcapacity,reducethesettlementsandaccelerate
thetimerequiredtoachievethesesettlements.
Thepermeabilityofsoftclays,siltyclaysandclayeysiltswhichareprevalentintheDSIRareverylowand
thisdoesnotallowthewatertodrainoutquickly.Whenaloadisappliedonsuchsoilstheloadisinitially
taken by the pore water and then slowly transferred to soil particles as the water is expelled out. The
expulsionofwaterleadstosettlementsandincreasestheloadcarryingcapacityofthesoil.Theprocesscan
beadvancedbyapplyingthepreloadaheadoftheactualconstructionloadandbyreducingthedrainage
pathofthewater.
PrefabricatedVerticalDrains(PVD)orbanddrainisbandshapedgeosyntheticmaterialwhichisinstalledin
thegroundtotherequireddepthbyhydraulicmachinery.Theuseofbanddrainreducesthedrainagepath
drastically and thus the time required for consolidation (settlement) is reduced considerably. The
settlementsthuscanbeadvancedbeforetheactualconstructionwork.
The method requires a period of 4 to 6 months to be assigned as a waiting period after the preload
application,dependinguponthespacingofthebanddrainsandexistingsoilproperties.However,thepost
constructionsettlementswillbewithinthepermissiblelimitsandtherateofsettlementwillalsobeless.
Thismethodismostsuitableforloadingssuchasroadandrailwayembankments,airportsandcontainer
yardsandthesafebearingcapacityofthesoilcanbeincreasedto10to12T/sq.m.
Theappliedpreloadembankmentcanbeusedforconstructionworkifrequiredwithoutremoval.
The improved capacity can be verified by comparing the test results of penetration tests including the
StandardPenetrationTest(SPT),ConePenetrationTest(CPT),orInsituVaneSheartestconductedbefore
andafterthetreatment.
SandDrains/SandPiles
Sandpilesasthenameindicatesarethepilesmadeupofgravelorsand.Aholeoftherequireddiameter,
usually200300mm,isdrilledtothedepthofrelativelyfirmstratum(N>15inmostcases).Theholeis
thenfilledupbygranularsandfreefromorganicmatterandsiltsintheliftsof1.00mandcompactionis
achievedbyvibrations.Thisiscalledthereplacementmethod.Howeverwhentheexistingmaterialisvery
softandmaycaveinduringthedrilling,thestabilityofnearbyexistingstructuremayreduce.Inthiscase,
thesandpilesareinstalledbythedisplacementmethodinwhichthecasingpipeispushedinthegroundby
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force and the hole is filled by granular sand free from organic matter and silts. This densifies the
surroundingsoil.
Thesanddrains/sandpilesalsoactasadrainagewayandhencethechangesofliquefactionreduces.Asin
caseofbanddrains,thepreloadshallbeappliedequivalenttotheproposedloadingintensity.Thepreload
shallbekeptfor4to6monthsdependingonthespacingofbanddrainsandexistingsoilpropertiesinorder
toachievetherequireddegreeofconsolidation.
Howevertheconstructionofsanddrains/sandpilesistediousjobandismorelabourintensivethanband
drain installation. The method is also expensive compared to band drains if the sand is not available.
Furthermoreasthesettlementoccurs,soilmoveslaterallyaswellasverticallydownandsanddrainsmay
failduetothismovement.
Themethodhasbeenusedforhighspeedrailwayembankmentsandexpressways.Thismethodisfastin
construction and the safe bearing capacity can be increased to 15 T/sq.m. The sand piles also act as
drainagematerialandincaseofsilts/finesandthechanceofliquefactionisalsoreduced.
Theimprovedcapacityofthesoilcanbeverifiedbyconductingtheloadtestonsingleand/orgroupof
sandpiles.
StoneColumns
Thesearecolumnsmadeupofstoneaggregate.Thedepthofthestonecolumninthisregionisabout6
10m. The construction of stone columns involves partial replacement of weak soil with the stones
(aggregates).Thestonesarecompactedbyrammingorvibrations.Generalpracticeistoreplace1535%
ofweaksoilbystones.Designloadsofstonecolumnstypicallyvaryfrom20to50T.
Theinstallationofstonecolumnscreatesacompositematerialofoveralllowercompressibilityandhigher
shearstrengththanthevirginweaksoil.Alsoasstonesarefreedrainingmaterial,thishelpstodrainthe
porewaterandreducesthepossibilityofliquefaction.
The waiting period required in sand drains or band drains for achieving gain in shear strength is not
necessaryinthecaseofstonecolumns.Theloadistakenbythestonecolumns.Usuallyalayerofdrainage
material is provided on the top of stone columns to allow the drain water to come out. A layer of
geogrid/geotextileisalsoprovidedonthetopofthedrainagematerialtodistributethestressesuniformly
overthesoil.
Theuseofstonecolumnsisparticularlyusefulwheretheloadisnotuniform.Themethodhasbeenused
formanyports,highwaysandslopestabilizationworks.
Thesafebearingcapacityofthesoilcanbeincreasedto15to25T/m2.Theimprovedcapacityofthesoil
canbeverifiedbyconductingtheloadtestonsingleand/oragroupofstonecolumns.
This land improvement treatment methodology is particularly suitable and cost effective for structures
undergroundandpiersforflyoversandbridges
JetGrouting
Thismethodinvolvesmixingcement(orinsomecasesflyashorlime)withsoilandcausesthepropertiesof
the soil to become more like the properties of a soft rock, such as a clay shale or lightly cemented
sandstone. As the post construction settlements are negligible, this will be the most suitable method for
rigidstructures.
The modulus of elasticity and unconfined compressive strengths are typically 1/5 to 1/10 that of normal
concrete.Almostallsoiltypesareamenabletotreatment.
This treatment can be done by two methods. In the first method, mechanical soil mixing is typically
performedusingsingleshaftsofaugersandmixing paddles.The augerisslowlyrotatedintotheground,
typically1020rpm,andadvancedat0.51.5metersperminute.
Astheaugeradvances,cementslurryispumpedthroughthehollowstemoftheshaft(s)feedingoutatthe
tipoftheauger.Mixingpaddlesarearrayedalongtheshaftabovetheaugertoprovidemixingandblending
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oftheslurryandsoil.Theslurryhelpstolubricatethetoolandassistsinthebreakingupofthesoilinto
smaller pieces. Since fluid volume is being introduced into the ground, spoils must come to the surface.
Thesespoilsareacombinationofthecementslurryandsoilparticles,typicallywithsimilarcementcontent
aswhatremainsintheground.Afterthefinaldepthisreached,thetoolsremainonthebottomofthehole,
rotatingforabout0.5to2minutesforcompletemixing.Atthispoint,thetoolsareraisedwhilecontinuing
topumpslurryatareducedrate.Withdrawalistypicallyattwicethespeedofpenetration,13metersper
minute. Treatment of the soil can be done to a replacement ratio of 100% wherein all the soil inside a
particularblockistreatedtoaspecifiedstrengthbymixingwithcement.
Inanothermethodthehighpressurecementslurry200barispumpedthroughhorizontalportsinadrill
stringabovethedrillbit.Thehighvelocityandpressureofthecementjetscutsandmixesthesoilinsitu.
TheImprovedcapacityofthesoilcanbeverifiedbyconductingtheloadtestonsingleand/orgroupof
groutcolumns.
OverBurdenPressure
Thisisoneoftheoldestandmostconventionalmethodsforthecompactionandconsolidationofsoilto
increaseitsbearingcapacity.Inthismethodthelandareawhichistobeutilisedforbuildingstructuresis
loaded with heaps of soils or other material to over burden the soil for the desired time period. The
quantumandtimeperiodrequiredforoverburdendependsonthetypeofsoil,itscharacteristicsandthe
requiredsafebearingcapacityforthedevelopment.Thetimeperiodmayvaryfromonetoseveralmonths.
Selection of over burden material is done in such a manner that in due course the over burden material
becomesanintegralpartoftheexistingsoil.
Considering the soil characteristics of the project site, this process of over burden is required to be
combinedwiththedrainingprocesstoallowthewatertobeexpelledoutwithpressureandtime.
Thisprocessisusefulandeconomicalwheresufficienttimeisavailablefortheprocessofcompactiontobe
achievedandwherethedevelopmentcanbeplannedinaphasedmanner.
This land improvement treatment technique is most suitable and cost effective for development such as
roadembankments,containeryardsandsportstracks.
EvaluationofFoundationSystems
Roads/RailwayEmbankment/Approaches
Forroadsandrailwayembankmentsconstructedoversoftsoilitisobservedthattheembankmentmaterial
sinksintotheexistingsoilandpotholesandruttingoccurs.Furthermore,thesettlementsarenonuniform.
Useofgeotextilesasseparationmaterialstopstheembankmentmaterialpenetratingtheexistingsoiland
redistributestheappliedstressesuniformly.Hence,forthelowtrafficintensity,theuseofgeotextilewillbe
thebestsolution.
However,forheavytrafficintensity,themagnitudeofsettlementmaybeabovethepermissiblelimits.In
such case to advance the settlements, the PVD or Band Drains will be the effective solution for uniform
loading conditions. However for triangular or nonuniform loading; though the required safe bearing
capacitymaynotbemorethan10T/m2to15T/m2,thesettlementsmaybenonuniform.Hence,sandpiles
orstonecolumnswillbetheappropriatesolution.
Buildings
In buildings, the pressure acting on the subsoil depends on the design of buildings, its use and hence
loading.Theloadintensitymaynotbeuniformovertheentireplanareaofthebuilding.
PVDorbanddrainwillnotbeaneffectivesolutionastherequiredpreloadwillbenonuniform(depending
on the column loadings) and will lead to nonuniform settlements. Also though the basal reinforcement
distributes the loads uniformly, it cannot restrict the settlement and hence cannot be used for these
structures.
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Insuchcase,dependingontherequiredSBC,thesandpilesorstonecolumnswillbethemostappropriate
solution.Adrainagelayershallbeprovidedonthetopofthesandpilesorstonecolumnsandalayerof
geogrid/geotextileshallbeprovidedtodistributethestressesuniformlyoverthesoilinbetweenthesand
piles/stonecolumns.Inthecaseofjetgrouting,adirectraftcanbeconstructedonthegroutedcolumns.
TankFoundations
The settlements of very small magnitude may hamper the stability of the tank depending on its loading
condition(fullyloaded/partiallyloaded/empty).Hencethesettlementswillnotbetolerableforthetank
foundationandtheappliedloadswillbeveryhighoftheorderof3035T/m2.Forsuchcasethestone
columnswiththeraftconstructedonthetopwillbetheappropriatesolution.
ContainerYard/Stackyards
The load intensity for these structures is low. However the applied pressure may remain for a longer
duration i.e. the sustained loading condition. The settlements due to such loading will be consolidation
settlements and the most appropriate solution for this will be PVD or band drains. By applying the
surcharge in addition to expected loads the expected settlements can be advanced by use of PVD and
hencethepostconstructionsettlementswillnotoccurorwillbewithintheallowedlimits.
Bridges,Flyovers,UnderpassesandCulverts
As the stiff / hard stratum is available at greater depths; the abutment and piers of bridges and flyovers
shallbesupportedbypilefoundations.Thepileshallbedesignedasmainlyfrictionpilesandtheeffectof
negativeordragfrictionduetothesettlementofsiltyclayandclayeysiltshallalsobetakencareof.
Theapproachesofbridges,flyovers,underpassesandculvertscanbeconstructedbyanewtechniqueof
reinforced earth wall (REW). REW is a tie back wall that suppresses lateral deformations in the structure
andenhancestheloadcarryingcapacityofthesystem.Thesoilisheldbythefrictionbetweensoilparticles
andreinforcement.Soilparticlesnotindirectcontactwithreinforcementareassumedtobeheldinplace
by arching of soil particles between two successive layers of reinforcement. Advantages of the REW
methodare:
maximizingusablespaceandminimizinglandacquisitioncosts;
deliveringlongtermdurability;
simplifiedconstruction;
pleasingappearance;
lowconstructioncostwithreducedconstructiontime;and
increasedspaceavailabilityatthetopandbottomofthewall.
DamFoundations
Small dams and check dams will be required to support the supply of water to the DSIR. The applied
pressure intensity will be high due to the water forces and resulting movements. Furthermore, the
important requirement of the dam foundation is the control of leakage below the dam body. For such
reasons,thejetgroutingmethodwillbetheappropriatesolutionfordams.
CanalBankProtection
To develop the existing and to create new water bodies, the widening and deepening of the existing
channelswillberequired.Therivertrainingworksallalongtheperipheryorbankisnecessary.Therefore
soundbankprotectionschemeswillberequired.Theslopesshallbeprotectedbyjetgroutcolumnswhich
will provide the stability and to control seepage, the canals shall be lined with geomembranes and geo
textiles.
ExcavationSuitability
Multistoriedbuildingsorsomeundergroundstructuressuchasstoragetanksrequiretheconstructionof
oneormorebasements.Theexcavationforsuchstructuresmaybeasdeepas6to9m.Thesubsoilatthis
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location is identified as soft silty clay/clayey silt which not purely cohesive soil and cannot stand more
than 1 to 2m. Hence support systems such as diaphragm wall with nails/shore piles/jet grouting will be
requiredtocarryouttheexcavation.Thegroundwatertableisavailableatveryshallowdepthandduring
monsoonsitisatgroundlevel.Hence,thedewateringsystemusingwellpointswillberequiredtocarry
outtheexcavationwork.
SuitabilityofMaterialforFilling
Sourcesoffillmaterialforconstructionpurposeswillneedtobeidentified.Detailedinvestigationswillneed
tobeundertakeninordertodeterminewhichsourceorcombinationofsourcesoffersthebestmaterialat
an economic price for the land improvement of the DSIR. These investigations should form a part of the
programofstudiesrequiredtoimplementtheProject.
Anumberofsourceshavebeenidentified,includingdredgingwithinthesiteasabyproductofthecreation
ofwaterbodies,dredgingintheGulfofKhambatandcreationofborrowpits.
Thebasichurdleofthefirstsolutionisthequalityoftheexcavatedmaterial,whichissoftsiltyclay/clayey
siltwithmediumtohighplasticity.Thematerialalsohashighswellingcharacteristicsandthesoilishighly
expansive.Generallystructurescannotbedirectlyrestedonsuchsoils,unlessthereisanadditionallayerof
cohesivenonswelling(CNS)lyingontopofitatathicknessof0.50to0.60m.
It is also considered that sand can also be sourced from the River Sabarmati, River Kalubhar and River
BhogavowhichareneartheDSIR.Thequalityoffillingmaterialavailablefromthesesourcescanbeused
forareagradingandpreparationofsubgradefortransportinfrastructure.
ThisfillmaterialcanbesupplementedthroughtheflyashavailablefromtheTorrentthermalpowerstation
atSabarmatiandtheBhavnagarthermalpowerstations.
Besides the above mentioned options, the soil likely to be obtained from the creation of water channels
andothercuttingoptionscanalsobeusedasfillingmaterialwherethefillingdepthismorethan0.75m.
The excavated material can also be used for the core portion of earth dam, road embankments and sub
gradepreparationwithsoilstabilizationwithlimebetween2%to4%forminorandinternalroads.
The borehole data received from GIDB indicates that there are certain locations within the DSIR from
wheresuitablefillingmaterialcanbeobtained.ThedetailshavebeenprovidedinTableH1.
TableH1:DepthofConstructionMaterialavailableinDSIR
BoreHole
DepthOfConstructionMaterialAvailable
M6
0mto25mandmore
BHM8
6mto12m
BH6
0mto12m
BH5
1mto25m
BH4
3mto25mandmore
BH3
3mto25mandmore
BH20
3mto25m
BH14
3mtothedepthofholei.e.50m
GroundImprovementSchemeasperLandUseandStructure
IntermsoftheoverallgroundimprovementstrategyfortheDSIR,itisproposedthatworksareinstigated
inadvanceofrequirementsothatadequatetimeisallowedforconsolidationandthusimprovedSBCand
CBRvalue.Thiswillcontributetohugesavingindevelopmentandconstructioncost.TableH2showsthe
applicabilityofgroundimprovementmethodsdiscussedearliertovariousstructures/schemesproposedin
theDSIR
DSIRDA
233|P a g e
BasedontheboreholedatareceivedfromGIDB,broadlyitmaybeconcludedthat:
uptoadepthof10mthesoilisBlackishSiltyClayandexpansiveinnature;
upto10mdepththeNvalueisaslowasintherangeof12to30;
the bore hole data shows the soil is structurally poor in character with very low SBC (around 4
T/m2).
Basedontheavailabledataitcanbesuggestedataverybroadlevelthebestpossiblelandimprovement
methodconsideringtechnocommercialviabilityisasgivenbelowinTableH2.
ConstructionofRoadEmbankment:
major/MinorRoadsLandimprovementisnotrequirementapartfromlimestabilisationforsub
grade;
expresswaysPVDandlimestabilisation;
RailwayEmbankmentPVDorBanddrain.
ContainerYard:
PVDorBanddrainbasedontechnicalrequirementafterdetailedstudy.
BridgesandFlyovers:
PileFoundation
UtilityStructure:
PVD/SandPile/PilefoundationdependinguponthetechnicalrequirementanddetailsoilanalysisandSBC
requirement
SmallScaleIndustries:
PVD/SandPiles
TableH2:GroundImprovementMethodsforDifferentTypesofStructures
Sr. Method
No.
SBC
(T/m2)
SuitableForStructures
PosTreatment
Settlements(mm)
BasalReinforcement
Lowtrafficintensityroads
400600
PVD
10
Heavytrafficintensityroads,Railways,
80100
PVDwithPreload
10
ContainerYards
80100
PVDwithPreload
10
ContainerYards
80100
StoneColumns
15
TankFoundations,Railways,
Ground+1storiedbuildings
50150
SandPiles
15
Railwayembankment
100200
JetGrouting
15
TankFoundations,DamFoundation,
DamSeepagecontrol,Riverbank
protection,
Ground+1storiedbuildings
1050
JetGrouting
20
Industrialstructures
Nosettlement
PileFoundation
MultistoriedBuildings,Bridgesetc
Nosettlement
10
ReinforcedEarthWall,
AlternativetoRCCretaining
Wall
Approaches
DSIRDA
234|P a g e
MediumIndustries
PileFoundation
LargeIndustrywithheavymachinefoundations:
Pile foundations for building footprint only and major structures such as chimneys and cooling towers.
Otherfacilitiessuchasyards,PVDwouldbeadequate.
WaterandCanalStructure:
PVDorBandDrain
UndergroundStructure:
PileFoundation
BuildingStructures:
PileFoundation
Therequirementoflandimprovementasstatedearlierwouldbebasedonthelandusepattern.Theland
improvementisenvisagedforthoseareaswherestructuresarelikelytobebuilt.Thiswouldexcludegreen/
openspaces,landunderwaterbodies,landunderCRZ,andagriculturalareas.Basedontheproposedland
usebudget,itisestimatedthattheareagradingwouldberequiredforabout50%ofthetotaldevelopable
area.
Atthisinitialstageofplanning,theformationlevelsofroadandmajorstructurescanonlybetentatively
assessedandhenceonlyapproximatedepthoffillingcanbeascertained.Withtheavailablecontoursofthe
area, the existing formation level of SH6 and the general topography of the site it is estimated that
approximately 1.0m filling would be required on the eastern side of SH6 and approximately 0.5m filling
wouldberequiredonthewesternsideofSH6.
The final area grading strategy however will depend upon the detailed planning of specific areas, the
phasingofdevelopmentandtheidentificationofsuitablefillingmaterial.
DSIRDA
235|P a g e
APPENDIXI:FORESTAREADETAILS
TableI1:ForestAreaDetails
Sr.No. Taluka
Villagename
Survey
Numberas
per
published
Gazette
Areain
Gazette
Ha.
Gazetteno./date
Dhandhuka
Kadipur
354/1/Part
152.59
AKH/4/75/FLD/167490520/P/Dt.20/12/74
186/1
313.42
"
Barwala
Shothi
7Part
77.32
AKH/3278/FLD/167777722/P/Dt.16/2/78
Dhandhuka
Mingalpur
184
6.12
AKH/143/75/FLD/1175/69677/P/Dt.16/4/75
185
6.65
"
186
4.42
"
187
3.36
"
190
3.24
"
191
1.40
"
202
165.43
"
5
6
7
Barwala
Sangasar
194/Paiki
202.35
AKH/143/75/FLD/1175/69677/P/Dt.17/9/99
195/Paiki
212.46
"
196/Paiki
293.39
"
Dhandhuka
Ambli
800/Part
283.81
AKH/136/75/FLD/1175/62868/P/Dt.1/5/75
806/Part
564.52
"
Barwala
Sodhi
240
20.75
AKH/143/75/FLD/1175/69677/P/Dt.16/4/75
258
37.14
"
Dhandhuka
Bhangadh
87.75
AKH/156/75/FLD/475/62868/P/Dt.1/5/75
199.38
"
299
30.42
"
309
24.58
"
314
206.03
"
433
206.39
"
434
53.82
"
435
199.11
"
28/2
130.76
AKH/156/75/FLD/1175/62868/P/Dt.1/5/75
3486.61
Barwala
Hebatpur
TOTALSECTION20
9
Dhandhuka
Mahadevpura
141
158.24
AKH/3484/FLD/1384/364/V3/Dt.30/5/84
142
225.91
"
143
263.25
"
Dhandhuka
Gogala
293
74.34
AKH/3484/FLD/1384/364/V3/Dt.30/5/84
297
95.82
"
201
3941.91
"
11
Barwala
Sodhi
7/A/1
104.82
AKH/3484/FLD/1384/364V3/Dt.30/5/84
12
Barwala
Hebatpur
201
79.09
AKH/3484/FLD/1384/364V3/Dt.30/5/84
10
DSIRDA
236|P a g e
Sr.No. Taluka
Survey
Numberas
per
published
Gazette
Areain
Gazette
Ha.
Gazetteno./date
202/2
253.11
"
203/1
87.81
"
204/2
64.49
"
57/2
143.42
"
414/paiki
299.47
315/1
202.04
AKH/3484/FLD/1384/364/V3/Dt.30/5/84
TOTALSECTION
5993.72
GRANDTOTAL
9480.33
Villagename
13
Dhandhuka Ottariya
14
Barwala
Bavaliyari
DSIRDA
237|P a g e

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Dhollera Speecial Invvestmen

To execute, coordinate and supervise works in connection with infrastructure or provision of

A Compact city that makes

In order to minimise the use of scarce

The Plan proposes that all industrial and

Provision of a road system that

The Draft Development plan provides for a polycentric spatial

DSIR includes 22 village

Transportation network is a key component of an

The district centreswillbesmaller,scaleddownversionsofthecitycentre.Theyareintendedtoensure

Reservation for Site and Services Scheme for EWS,

The key driversforhospitalityinDSIRwillbebusinesstravellersconnected with theindustrial,economic

Total Target Tourists for hotels within DSIR

Total Leisure Hotel Room Demand (all categories)

Thestrategy forthedevelopmentofindustryandothereconomicsectorsin DSIRisbasedupondetailed

Electronics, Hitech & Emerging Technologies/Value Adding

activity arenas in the City Centre Zone, in areas

Requirements for GSM (Mobile Network) to be ascertained (repeaters on towers or dedicated

Town Pllanning Scheeme providees legislativee support an

Social Infrastructure and

Target Employment (base and

Number of Housing Units

Utilisation of a substantially greater proportion of Government owned land which will be

Village Ponds (Gam talav) &

Akru, Kharad, Sodhi,

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