Professional Documents
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Certificate Project
Certificate Project
LED LAMP
CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT Alind Khare (XII A), Pallav Joshi (XIIA),
SESSION
Teachers Signature
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported
me during the project.
Our deepest thanks to teachers, Mr. HEMANT PATIDAR and Ms. NIRMALA
REDDY, for guiding and correcting various documents with attention and care. They
have taken pain to go through the project and make necessary correction as and when
needed.
We express our thanks to the Principal Mr. AJAY MISHRA Sir, D.P.S. Bhopal, for
extending his support.
Our deep sense of gratitude to the helpful people at D.P.S., and outside for their support.
We would also thank our Institution and our faculty members without whom this
project would have been a distant reality. We also extend our heartfelt thanks to our
family and well wishers.
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3. CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
4. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
5. CONCEPT OF LED LAMP
6. APPLICATIONS
7. CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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INTRODUCTION
An LED lamp (or LED light bulb) is a solid-state lamp that uses light-emitting
diodes(LEDs) as the source of light. LED lamps offer long service life and high energy
efficiency, but initial costs are higher than those of fluorescent and incandescent
lamps. Chemical decomposition of LED chips reduces luminous flux over life cycle as
with conventional lamps.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Capacitors
Resisitors
Diodes
C1 = 22uF 50V
C2 = 474K 250V
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CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
Capacitor C2 along with diodes D1 through D4 forms the AC step
down circuit. C2 reduces high voltage AC from mains to a low
voltage AC which is rectified by the diodes D1-D4.
Capacitor C1 removes ripples from AC so that low voltage DC is
available to power the LEDs.
C2 is the X rated AC capacitor that reduces AC voltage
through Capacitive Rectance property.
Resistor R1 is very important to remove the stored voltage from
C2 when power is switched off. This prevents lethal shock.
Resistor R2 limits the inrush current. More LEDs can be added by
reducing the value of R2.
Shock Hazard : Since the circuit is directly connected to mains, take utmost care to avoid shock. No
components should be touched when it is connected to mains. Construct this circuit only
if you are experienced in handling high voltage AC.
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DESCRIPTION OF
COMPONENTS
Diode IN 4007 Mic :- This is a simple, very common rectifier diode. Often
used for reverse voltage protection, the 1N4007 is a staple for many power, DC to DC
step up, and breadboard projects. 1N4007 is rated for up to 1A/1000V.
Resistor 470K 1W :-
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CONCEPT OF LED
LAMP
Diode Bridge OR Bridge Rectifier
A diode bridge is an arrangement of four (or more) diodes in
a bridge circuit configuration that provides the same polarity of
output for either polarity of input. When used in its most common
application, for conversion of an alternating current (AC) input
into a direct current(DC) output, it is known as a bridge rectifier. A
bridge rectifier provides full-wave rectification from a two-wire AC
input, resulting in lower cost and weight as compared to a rectifier
with a 3-wire input from a transformer with a centertapped secondary winding.
The essential feature of a diode bridge is that the polarity of the
output is the same regardless of the polarity at the input. The
diode bridge circuit is also known as the Graetz circuit after its
inventor, physicist Leo Graetz, and the single-phase version, with
four diodes, may also be referred to as an H bridge.
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In each case, the upper right output remains positive and lower right output negative.
Since this is true whether the input is AC or DC, this circuit not only produces a DC
output from an AC input.
Bridge Rectifiers :-
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APPLICATIONS
White-light light-emitting diode lamps have longer life expectancy and higher
efficiency (the same light for less electricity) than most other lighting. LED sources
are compact, which gives flexibility in designing lighting fixtures and good control
over the distribution of light with small reflectors or lenses.
The main difference of LED to other light sources is the directed light.
Thus illuminating a flat defined area requires less Lumen compared to light
sources which would need reflectors or lenses to do the same. For
illuminating an 360 orbit, the benefits of LED are much smaller. LED
lamps are used for both general and special-purpose lighting. Where
colored light is needed, LEDs naturally emitting many colors are available,
with no need for filters. This improves the energy efficiency over a white
light source that generates all colors of light then discards some of the
visible energy in a filter
Most LED lamps replace incandescent bulbs rated from 5 to 60 watts.
LED Sign modules.
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bulbs in your vanity and fill the can lights with LED bulbs as well. It will take years before you
have to worry about changing out the bulbs again!
3. Motion Lights: A lot of homes and business have motion sensors on their outdoor lights.
They turn on and off when someone walks by or drives by and even when the wind blows!
Not only will a LED light bulb save energy in this situation, it will take the abuse of being
turned on and off all the time!
4. Always On: This happens mostly in businesses, where there is a safety light on all the time.
The fastest way to recoup the cost of a LED light bulb is to have it turned on all the time! This
makes LED bulbs the perfect solution for those lighting applications that are turned on all the
time!
5. Display Cases: LED light bulbs are perfect for display cases for your home or store. They
emit hardly any damaging UV light and the cool running bulb won't burn your hand or melt
you products!
6. Garage Door Openers: Also known as light bulb destroyers, garage door openers are very
tough on light bulbs due to their vibrating nature. By using LED light bulbs in your opener you
may never have to change the bulbs again! LED's are very good at taking a beating from
vibrating sources.
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CONCLUSION
LED lights are great all rounders. LED lights are incredibly energy
efficient, they illuminate people and things in the best possible light, they
help the environment, require less maintenance than traditional bulbs.
L.E.D lights, or Light-Emitting Diodes, have been used industrially for
traffic lights, exit signs and home electronics for a long time. Unlike
traditional bulbs, L.E.D lights illuminate when the movement of electrons
across a semiconductor creates light. This long-lasting, energy-saving
technology is now a viable option for home and commercial users.
L.E.D. Lighting Concepts is focused on helping you create a stylish,
comfortable and beautifully lit space.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.ledlightingconcepts.com.au
http://www.allaboutcircuits.com
http://www.datasheetarchive.com
http://ledsmagazine.com
http://electroskan.wordpress.com