Calculation of Duct Sizing by Equal Friction Method

Design of Air Condioning
Calculating of Cooling Load

Total Cooling Load
where
Ht Ht = Hs + Hl
= total heat load(Btu/hr)
Hs = Sensible heat(Btu/hr)
Hl = latent heat(Btu/hr)
Sensible heat
Hs = 1.08 q dt
where
Hs = Sensible heat(Btu/hr)
q = air volume flow(cfm)
dt = temperature differencr('F)
Room to be air conditioned,
length =
5 m
width =
3.8 m
Height =
m
Area =
19.00 m
Volume =
0.00 m
air change rate =
6.00
q=
114.00 l/s
1 l/s =
2.119 cfm
q=
241.57 cfm
outside temperature
inside temperature
dt
dt
Therefore
Hs
1Btu/hr
Hs
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
36.00
20.00
16.00
60.80
'C
'C
'C
'F
Volume
(from table 1)
(from table 3)
(from table 2)
15,862.19 Btu/hr
0.293 Watt
4,647.62 Watt
Table 1-Air Change Rate
Type of Building and Room
Animals
Air Shifts
Airflow
Outdoor
per hour
(l/s per m2
Airflow
(1/h)
floor area)
3 per animal
Horses
40 per animal
Hens
3 per animal
Cows
100 per animal
Chickens
2 per animal
Pigs, sow
60 per animal
Piglet
15 per animal
Apartments
Assembly halls
(l/s)
Sheep
15 - 20 per person
5~10
14 per person
Auditoriums
Bakeries
Banks
10 - 15 per person
Production
Pastry room
Service
2~3
Archive
Staff
Baths
2~3
5~8
15
Barber Shops
15 - 25 per person
Bars
15 - 25 per person
Beauty Shops
15 - 25 per person
Boiler rooms
Bowling Alleys
15 - 20 per person
Cafeterias
Cinemas/Theatres
Chemist's shops
5~10
7 - 15 per person
Sterile room
15
Laboratory
15
Packing room
Store
Churches
10 - 15 per person
10 - 15 per person
Clubhouses
15 - 25 per person
Cocktail Lounges
15 - 25 per person
Computer Rooms
15 - 20 per person
Court Houses
10 - 15 per person
Dance halls
15 - 30 per person
Dental Clinics,
Offices
15 - 20 per person
Department Stores
(cfm/Sq.Ft)
0.3
Dining Halls
10 - 15 per person
Drug Shop
10 - 15 per person
Engine rooms
Exhibition halls
10~20
Fire Stations
15 - 20 per person
Garages
5~6
>1
General
Hospitals
25 per person
Therapy
Operating theatre
14
Autopsy
Reception
Hotels
Room
15 - 20 per person
3
Factory
Industries
20 - 30 per person
Carpenter work
shop
2~5
Car repair shop
Car repair shop,

exhaust outlet
60 - 80 per car
Mechanical work
shop
3~4
Welding
12~15
Assembly
4~5
Jails
10 - 15 per person
Jewelry Shop
10 - 15 per person
Libraries
10 - 15 per person
Lunch Rooms,
Luncheonettes
10 - 15 per person
Municipal Buildings
10 - 15 per person
Museums
10 - 15 per person
Smithies
6~7
Small
20 - 40
Large
10~20
< 7 m2
15
> 7 m2
20
Industrial in
general
Kitchens
25 - 30
Gas ovens
550/m2 outside
wall
Electric ovens
300/m2 outside
wall
Grill table
400/m2 outside
wall
Frying pan
300
Boiling pan 100 l
100
Boiling pan 200 l
200
Coffee machine
60
Refrigerated
cabinet
7~10
Cooling and
freezer room
0.3 - 0.5
Store
2~4
Laundries
10~15
Lavatories
5~10
10
Night Clubs
15 - 25 per person
Malls
10 - 15 per person
Motels
15 - 20 per person
Module
3~8
15 - 20 per person
Offices
Landscape
20 per person
Conference room
15 - 30 per person
Lecture room
10 - 15 per person
Dining hall
15 - 20 per person
Staff, changing
clothes
8~12
Dining room
8~10
Resting room
15 per person
Police Stations
15 - 20 per person
Post Offices
15 - 20 per person
Precision
Manufacturing
15 - 20 per person
Restaurants
5~10
Retail Stores
(cfm/Sq.Ft)
Schools
10
15 - 20 per person
0.3
Classroom
4~5
10 - 15 per person
Shops
20 per person
Shopping Centers
10 - 15 per person
Sports halls
3~4
Supermarkets
10 - 15 per person
Swimming pools
5~10
Taverns
15 - 25 per person
Town Halls
15 - 20 per person
Winter Condition
Table 2-Inside Temperature
Temperature
Type of Heated
rooms
Bars
64
18
Bathrooms
72
22
Bedrooms
64
18
Changing rooms
72
22
Churches
64
18
Cloakrooms
61
16
Classrooms
68
20
Corridors
61
16
Dining rooms
68
20
Dressing rooms
70
21
Exhibition halls
64
18
Factories, sedentary
work
64
18
Factories, light work
61
16
Factories, heavy
work
55
13
Gyms
59
15
Halls, assembly
64
18
Halls, entrance
61
16
Hotel rooms
70
21
Laboratories
68
20
Lecture rooms
68
20
Libraries
68
20
Living rooms
70
21
Museums
68
20
Offices
68
20
Operating theatres
75
24
Prisons
64
18
Recreation rooms
64
18
Restaurants
64
18
Shops
64
18
Stores
59
15
Swimming baths
81
27
Waiting rooms
64
18
Wards
64
18
Warehouses
61
16
Summer Condition
Table 3-Inside Temperature
Outside dry bulb
Inside air conditions with
temperature
dew point constant at 14oC

C min
35
27
18.5
44
32
26
18
46
29
25
17.8
52
27
24
17.5
51
24
23
17.2
57
21
22
17
57
C max
1 dm3(litre)/s = 10-3 m3/s = 3.6 m3/h = 0.03532 ft3/s = 2.1189 ft3/min (cfm) = 13.200 Imp.gal (UK)/min = 15.852 gal (US)/min = 792
Imp. gal (UK)/h
Latent heat
Hl = 0.68 q dw
where
Hl
q
dw
outside humidity ratio
inside humidity ratio
dw
Therefore
Hl
1Btu/hr
Hl
Therefore
= Latent heat(Btu/hr)
= air volume flow(cfm)
= humidity ratio difference(lb.water/lb dry air)
=
46.00 (lb.water/lb dry air)
=
=
=
=
=
985.59 Btu/hr
0.293 Watt
288.78 Watt
Total Cooling Load

Ht = Hs + Hl
Ht =
16,847.78 Btu/hr
Ht =
4,936.40 Watt
4.94 KW
Pressure Loss for Heat Load
Air Change Rates

-nBuilding / Room
(AC/Hr.)
All spaces in general
min 4
Attic spaces for cooling
12 - 15
Auditoriums
8 - 15
Banks
4 - 10
Barber Shops
6 - 10
Bars
20 - 30
Beauty Shops
6 - 10
Boiler rooms
15 - 20
Bowling Alleys
10 - 15
Cafeterias
12 - 15
Churches
8 - 15
Clubhouses
20 - 30
Cocktail Lounges
20 - 30
Computer Rooms
15 - 20
Court Houses
4 - 10
Dental Centers
8 - 12
Department Stores
6 - 10
Dining Halls
12 -15
Dining rooms hotels
Dress Shops
6 - 10
Drug Shops
6 - 10
Engine rooms
4-6
Factory buildings, ordinary
2-4
Factory buildings, fumes and

moisture
10 - 15
Fire Stations
4 - 10
Foundries
15 - 20
Galvanizing plants
20 - 30
Garages repair
20 - 30
Garages storage
4-6
Homes, night cooling
10 - 18
Jewelry shops
6 - 10
Kitchens
15 - 60
Laundries
10 - 15
Libraries, public
Lunch Rooms
12 -15
Luncheonettes
12 -15
Nightclubs
20 - 30
Malls
6 - 10
Medical Centers
8 - 12
Medical Clinics
8 - 12
Medical Offices
8 - 12
Mills, paper
15 - 20
Mills, textile general buildings
Mills, textile dyehouses
15 - 20
Municipal Buildings
4 - 10
Museums
12 -15
Offices, public
Offices, private
Police Stations
4 - 10
Post Offices
4 - 10
Precision Manufacturing
15 - 50
Pump rooms
Restaurants
8 - 12
Retail
6 - 10
School Classrooms
4 - 12
Shoe Shops
6 - 10
Shopping Centers
6 - 10
Shops, machine
Shops, paint
15 - 20
Shops, woodworking
Substation, electric
5 - 10
Supermarkets
4 - 10
Town Halls
4 - 10
Taverns
20 - 30
Theaters
8 - 15
Turbine rooms, electric
5 - 10
Warehouses
Waiting rooms, public
Design of Ventilation
room 1
room 2
room3
Room 1
length
width
height
Volume
air change rate
Flowrate of Air
to be handled
=
=
v
=
=
5
4
3
60.00
12.00
Velocity thgh Grille

Area of Grille
open only 50%
Size of Grille
=
=
=
= 0.45 x 0.45
= 450 x 450
720
0.20
2.30
0.09
0.17
Velocity inside duct

Area of Duct
Size of Duct(1-2)
=
=
= 300 x 250
Length
Friction Loss
Friction loss in duct (1-2)
Friction loss in Duct Component
m
m
m
m
(from table 1)
m/hr
m/sec
m/sec
m
m
m
mm
(from table 3)
3.00 m/sec
0.07 m
mm
(from table 2)
(from Fig 1)
=
=
=
=
=
=
20.00 m
0.40 Pa/m
8.00 Pa-----------------
Eq(1)
40.41 Pa----------------5.00 Pa-----------------
Eq(2)
Eq(3)
length
width
height
Volume
air change rate
Flowrate of Air
to be handled
=
=
v
=
=
6
5
3
90.00
12.00
m
m
m
m

Area of Grille
open only 50%
Size of Grille
=
=
=
= 0.55 x 0.55
= 550 x 550
1080
0.30
2.30
0.13
0.26
m/hr
m/sec
m/sec
m
m
m
mm
damper
(from Fig 2)
(where =1.23) kg/m
Room 2
(from table 1)
(from table 3)

Area of Duct
Size of Duct(3-4)
Length
Friction Loss
=
=
= 400 x 250
3.00 m/sec
0.10 m
mm
=
=
=
=
=
Damper
(from table 2)
(from Fig 1)
20.00 m
0.30 Pa/m
6.00 Pa-----------------
Eq(4)
40.41 Pa----------------5.00 Pa-----------------
Eq(5)
Eq(6)
(from Fig 2)
(where =1.23) kg/m
Room 3
length
width
height
Volume
air change rate
Flowrate of Air
to be handled
=
=
v
=
=
8
5
3
120.00
12.00

Area of Grille
open only 50%
Size of Grille
=
=
=
= 0.6 x 0.6
= 600 X 600
1440
0.40
2.30
0.17
0.35

Area of Duct
Size of Duct(3-5)
=
=
= 600 x 250
Length
Friction Loss
=
=
=
=
=
Damper
flowrate in duct(1-3)
Size of Duct(1-3)
=
=
= 600 x 300
Length
Friction Loss
=
=
=
flowrate in duct(0-1)
Size of Duct(1-3)
Velocity thgh Louvre
Area of Louvre
open only 50%
Size of Louvre
=
=
= 800 x 300
=
=
=
= 1.0 X 0.8
= 1000x800
m
m
m
m
(from table 1)
m/hr
m/sec
m/sec
m
m
m
mm
(from table 3)
3.00 m/sec
0.13 m
mm
(from table 2)
(from Fig 1)
20.00 m
0.25 Pa/m
5.00 Pa-----------------
Eq(7)
41.51 Pa----------------5.00 Pa-----------------
Eq(8)
Eq(9)
(from Fig 2)
0.70 m/sec
5.00 m/sec
mm
20.00 m
0.70 Pa/m
14.00 Pa----------------0.90 m/sec
6.00 m/sec
mm
2.30 m/sec
0.39 m
0.78 m
m
mm
(where =1.23) kg/m
(from table 2)
(from Fig 1)
(from Fig 2)
Eq(10)
(from table 2)
(from Fig 1)
Length
=
20.00
Friction Loss
=
0.80
=
16.00
Louver
10.00
Therefore
Total Friction Loss in longest Ducting System
=
91.51
=
91.51
Total Fan capacity
=
0.90
3240
=
table 1- recommended velocity in duct
Location
Velocity(m/s)
Computer Rooms
15 - 20
Court Houses
4 - 10
Dental Centers
8 - 12
Department Stores
6 - 10
Dining Halls
12 -15
Dining rooms hotels
Dress Shops
6 - 10
Drug Shops
6 - 10
Engine rooms
4-6
Factory buildings, ordinary

Factory buildings, fumes
and moisture
2-4
10 - 15
Fire Stations
4 - 10
Foundries
15 - 20
Galvanizing plants
20 - 30
Garages repair
20 - 30
Garages storage
4-6
Homes, night cooling
10 - 18
Jewelry shops
6 - 10
Kitchens
15 - 60
Laundries
10 - 15
Libraries, public
Lunch Rooms
12 -15
Luncheonettes
12 -15
Nightclubs
20 - 30
Malls
6 - 10
Medical Centers
8 - 12
Medical Clinics
8 - 12
Medical Offices
8 - 12
paper
Mills,Mills,
textile
general
buildings
15 - 20
Mills, textile dyehouses
15 - 20
Municipal Buildings
4 - 10
Museums
12 -15
Offices, public
Offices, private
Police Stations
4 - 10
Post Offices
4 - 10
Precision Manufacturing
15 - 50
Pump rooms
m
Pa/m
Pa----------------Pa-----------------
(from Fig 2)
Eq(11)
Eq(12)
Pa
N/m
m/sec
m/hr @
92
Pa
Restaurants
8 - 12
Retail
6 - 10
School Classrooms
4 - 12
Shoe Shops
6 - 10
Shopping Centers
6 - 10
Shops, machine
Shops, paint
15 - 20
Shops, woodworking
Substation, electric
5 - 10
Supermarkets
4 - 10
Town Halls
4 - 10
Taverns
20 - 30
Theaters
8 - 15
Turbine rooms, electric
5 - 10
Warehouses
Waiting rooms, public
table 2-Velocity
Type of Duct
Comfort Systems
Industrial
Systems
High Speed
Systems
Main ducts
4 - 7 m/s
8 - 12 m/s
10 - 18 m/s
Main branch ducts
3 - 5 m/s
5 - 8 m/s
6 - 12 m/s
Branch ducts
1 - 3 m/s
3 - 5 m/s
5 - 8 m/s
Table 3-Velocity
Velocity - v
Public buildings
Industrial plant
Service
m/s
ft/min
m/s
ft/min
Air intake from outside
2.5 - 4.5
500 - 900
5.0-6.0
1000 - 1200
Heater connection to fan
3.5 - 4.5
700 - 900
5.0-7.0
1000 - 1400
Main supply ducts
4.0 - 7.0
1000 - 1500
6.0-12.0
1200 - 2400
Branch supply ducts
1.0 - 3.0
500 - 600
4.5 - 9
900 - 1800
Supply registers and grilles
1.2 - 2.3
250 - 450
1.5 - 2.5
350 - 500
Low level supply registers
0.8 - 1.2
150 - 250
Main extract ducts
4.5 - 8.0
900 - 1500
6.0-12.0
1200 - 2400
Branch extract ducts
2.5 - 3.0
500 - 600
4.5 - 9
900 - 1800
Figure 1-Rectangular Duct with Velocity
Figure 2- Friction loss
table 4- Minor loss in Duct Component

Component or Fitting
Minor Loss
Coefficient
Room 1
Room 2
Room 3
90 bend, sharp
1.3
90o bend, with vanes
0.7
90o bend, rounded, radius/diameter duct <1
0.5
90o bend, rounded, radius/diameter duct >1
0.25
45 bend, sharp
0.5
0.2
0.05
0.5
T, flow to branch(applied to velocity in

branch)
0.3
Exit to room
Entry from room
0.5
Reduction, tapered
Enlargement, abrupt(due to speed before

reduction)(v1= velocity before enlargement
and v2 = velocity after enlargement)
(1 - v2 / v1)2
Enlargement, tapered angle < 8'(due to

speed before reduction)(v1= velocity before
enlargement and v2 = velocity after
enlargement)
0.15 (1 - v2 / v1)2
Enlargement, tapered angle > 8'(due to

speed before reduction)(v1= velocity before
enlargement and v2 = velocity after
enlargement)
(1 - v2 / v1)2
Grilles, 0.7 ratio free area to total surface
10
20
50
0.3
1
0.3
1
7.3
7.3
7.5
Ventilation Systems
Equal Friction Method
Date
Project
room1
With Circular Duct

Section
Duct Length
(m)
Air flowrate
(m3/s)
0-1
1-2
1-3
3-4
3-5
20
20
20
20
20
0.9
0.2
0.7
0.3
0.4
Type of Duct
Duct
Friction Loss
Velocity (m/s)
Diameter (m)
(Pa/m)
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.45
4.6
2.8
3.6
2.4
2.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
Industrial
Comfort SystemsSystems
Frictionloss
(Pa)
8
8
6
6
4
High Speed
Systems
Main ducts
4 - 7 m/s
8 - 12 m/s
10 - 18 m/s
Main branch ducts
3 - 5 m/s
5 - 8 m/s
6 - 12 m/s
Branch ducts
1 - 3 m/s
3 - 5 m/s
5 - 8 m/s
Component or Fitting
Minor Loss
Coefficient
Room 1
Room 2
90o bend, sharp
1.3
90o bend, with vanes
0.7
0.5
0.25
45o bend, sharp
0.5
45 bend, rounded, radius/diameter duct <1
0.2
0.05
T, flow to branch(applied to velocity in branch)
0.3
Exit to room
Entry from room
0.5
tapered
Enlargement, abrupt(due toReduction,
speed before
reduction)(v1= velocity before
enlargement and v2 = velocity after enlargement)
0
(1 - v2 / v1)2
Enlargement, tapered angle < 8'(due to speed before reduction)(v1=

velocity before
enlargement
v2 to
= velocity
after enlargement)
Enlargement,
tapered
angle > and
8'(due
speed before
reduction)(v1=
0.15 (1 - v2 / v1)2
velocity before enlargement and v2 = velocity after enlargement)
(1 - v2 / v1)2
10
20
50
0.3
1
0.3
1
7.3
7.3
Circular equivalent diameter -
Duct
side - a
Duct side - b (m
mm
100
150
200
250
300
400
100
109
133
152
168
183
207
150
133
164
189
210
229
261
200
152
189
219
244
266
305
250
168
210
246
273
299
343
300
183
229
266
299
328
378
400
207
260
305
343
378
437
500
227
287
337
381
420
488
310
365
414
457
531
414
470
520
609
517
574
674
620
731
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
781
room 2
Minor Loss
Coefficients
()
7.3
7.3
7.5
Minor Loss
(Pa)
0.0
29.3
0.6
20.8
23.7
room 3
Pressure
Loss Damper
(Pa)
5.0
5.0
10.0
Total
Pressure
Loss (Pa)
8.0
42.3
6.6
31.8
37.7
Pressure
Pressure
Pressure
Loss Path 0- Loss Path 0- Loss Path 01-2 (Pa)
1-3-4 (Pa)
1-3-5 (Pa)
8.0
8.0
8.0
42.3
6.6
6.6
31.8
37.7
50.3
46.4
52.3
Room 3
0.5
7.5
Circular equivalent diameter - de (mm)
Duct side - b (mm)

500
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
227
287
310
337
365
381
414
470
420
457
520
574
488
531
609
674
731
547
598
687
762
827
886
598
656
755
840
914
980
1041
687
755
875
976
1066
1146
1219
762
840
976
1093
1196
1289
1373
827
914
1066
1196
1312
1416
1511
886
980
1146
1289
1416
1530
1635
939
1041
1219
1373
1511
1635
1749
1096
1286
1451
1598
1732
1854
1523
1680
1822
1952
1800
2000
1286
1451
1523
1598
1680
1732
1822
1854
1952
1968
2073
2073
2186

Calculation of Duct Sizing by Equal Friction Method

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Calculation of Duct Sizing by Equal Friction Method

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design of Air Condioning

Calculating of Cooling Load

Type of Building and Room

100 per animal

Car repair shop

Car repair shop,

Boiling pan 100 l

Boiling pan 200 l

Factories, light work

Inside air conditions with

dew point constant at 14oC

Total Cooling Load

Pressure Loss for Heat Load

Air Change Rates

All spaces in general

Attic spaces for cooling

Dining rooms hotels

Factory buildings, ordinary

Factory buildings, fumes and

Homes, night cooling

Mills, textile general buildings

Mills, textile dyehouses

Turbine rooms, electric

Waiting rooms, public

Velocity thgh Grille

Velocity inside duct

40.41 Pa----------------5.00 Pa-----------------

Velocity thgh Grille

(where =1.23) kg/m

Velocity inside duct

40.41 Pa----------------5.00 Pa-----------------

(where =1.23) kg/m

Velocity thgh Grille

Velocity inside duct

41.51 Pa----------------5.00 Pa-----------------

(where =1.23) kg/m

Dining rooms hotels

Factory buildings, ordinary

Homes, night cooling

Mills, textile dyehouses

Turbine rooms, electric

Waiting rooms, public

Main branch ducts

Air intake from outside

Heater connection to fan

Main supply ducts

Branch supply ducts

Supply registers and grilles

Low level supply registers

Main extract ducts

Branch extract ducts

Figure 1-Rectangular Duct with Velocity

Figure 2- Friction loss

table 4- Minor loss in Duct Component

90o bend, with vanes

90o bend, rounded, radius/diameter duct <1

90o bend, rounded, radius/diameter duct >1

45o bend, rounded, radius/diameter duct <1

45o bend, rounded, radius/diameter duct >1

T, flow to branch(applied to velocity in

Entry from room

Enlargement, abrupt(due to speed before

Enlargement, tapered angle < 8'(due to