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Power Plant Engineering Chapter 5 Condenser and Evaporative Cooling Towers
Power Plant Engineering Chapter 5 Condenser and Evaporative Cooling Towers
Power Plant Engineering Chapter 5 Condenser and Evaporative Cooling Towers
CHAPTER 5
CONDENSER AND EVAPORATIVE COOLING TOWER
5.1.
Condenser .................................................................................................. 2
5.2.
5.2.1.
Major Components............................................................................................... 3
Chapter 5- 1
5.1.
Condenser
Condenser is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Steam that comes from turbine goes to
the shell side of condenser while cooling water flows in the tubes. Steam transfer it energy to
the cooling water, and thus it condenses. The condensate is accumulated at the bottom of the
condenser, and then it goes to main feedwater pump as saturated liquid.
The temperature distribution of steam and cooling water is shown in Figure 6.1.
Tsat Steam
Th,in
ITD
LMTD
Th,out
Tc,out
Cooling Water
TTD
TR
Tc,in
Figure 6.1. Temperature distribution of condenser.
TTD
TR
5.2.
condenser so that the water can be discharged to the river or recirculated and reused.
Some power plants, usually located on lakes or rivers, use cooling towers as a method of
cooling the circulating water (the third non-radioactive cycle) that has been heated in the
condenser. During colder months and fish non-spawning periods, the discharge from the
condenser may be directed to the river. Recirculation of the water back to the inlet to the
Chapter 5- 2
condenser occurs during certain fish sensitive times of the year (e.g. spring, summer, fall) so
that only a limited amount of water from the plant condenser may be discharged to the lake or
river. It is important to note that the heat transferred in a condenser may heat the circulating
water as much as 40 degrees Fahrenheit (F). In some cases, power plants may have
restrictions that prevent discharging water to the river at more than 90 degrees F. In other
cases, they may have limits of no more than 5 degrees F difference between intake and
discharge (averaged over a 24 hour period). When Cooling Towers are used, plant efficiency
usually drops. One reason is that the Cooling Tower pumps (and fans, if used) consume a lot
of power.
Chapter 5- 3
Chapter 5- 4
Simplified Diagrams
The diagrams below illustrate the arrangement of components within the system and the
major flow paths.
Chapter 5- 5
Chapter 5- 6
Chapter 5- 7