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Mech ANL 16.0 L06 Advanced Models
Mech ANL 16.0 L06 Advanced Models
Mech ANL 16.0 L06 Advanced Models
Advanced Models
16.0 Release
ANSYS Mechanical
Advanced Nonlinear Materials
1 © 2011 ANSYS, Inc. May 27, 2015 Release 14.0
Advanced Material Models
In this lecture we will discuss more advanced nonlinear material options
A. Mullins Effect
B. Anisotropic Hyperelasticity
C. Bergstrom-Boyce Hyperelasticity
D. Shape Memory Alloy
• Although the details about the mechanisms responsible for the Mullins
effect have not yet been settled, they might include:
– Debonding of the polymer from the filler particles
– Separation of particle clusters
– Rearrangement of the polymer chains and particles.
Where:
* The virgin material is modeled using one of the available hyperelastic potentials, and
the Mullins effect modifications to the constitutive response are proportional to the
maximum load in the material history.
(1) 0
( ) WO( Fij )
W WO
Sij 2 2
Cij Cij
The modified Ogden-Roxburgh damage function available in ANSYS has the
following functional form of the damage variable
1 Wm WO
1 erf
r m b Lm
Where: r, m and b are user defined material damage parameters
Wm maxWo(t ) is the maximum virgin potential over the time
interval t 0, t 0
LS07
LS05
LS03
LS01 LS08
LS02 LS06
LS04
B A
these (e.g., Mooney-Rivlin, Yeoh, Arruda-Boyce, 1 2
Gent, Blatz-Ko) are based on the first three strain I 2 tr C trC 2
invariants, as shown on the left 2
• The Cauchy-Green tensor C is used here, although the
invariants can also be expressed as a function of the
I 3 det C J 2
principal stretch ratios li.
• The second strain invariant is neglected in some
hyperelastic strain energy functions, such as Arruda-
Boyce, Gent, and Yeoh
• The third strain invariant provides a measure of the
volume change J of the element. If the material is fully
incompressible, I3=J2=1.
ascribe some meaning to the various strain 1 2
invariants: I 2 tr C trC 2
• The first two strain invariants describe the behavior 2
I 3 det C J 2
of the “matrix” material
• The third strain invariant is related to the degree of
incompressibility of the material
• The fourth and sixth strain invariants represent the
I 4 A CA
“fiber” characteristics
• The fifth and seventh strain invariants are associated
I 5 A C2 A
with “fiber-matrix interactions”
I 6 B CB
• The eighth strain invariant can be thought of as being
related to “fiber-fiber interaction” I 7 B C2B
I 8 A B A CB
I 9 A B
2
Wv J 1
1 2
d
16 © 2015 ANSYS, Inc. May 27, 2015
… Anisotropic Hyperelasticity
The anisotropic hyperelastic material model can be defined via APDL
commands only (TB,AHYPER, TBTEMP and TBDATA):
•Can also be combined with viscoelasticity (TB,PRONY)
•Viscoelastic behavior is assumed to be isotropic
Wv J 1
1 2
d
The material compressibility parameter d is input via:
TB,AHYPER,,,1,PVOL and TBDATA,1,d
• One can estimate d=2/ko, where ko is the initial bulk modulus of the material.
• For fully-incompressible behavior, d=0.
Wd ,iso ai I1 3 b j I 2 3
3 3
i j
i 1 j 1
-1.6
-1.4
-1.2
True Stress
-1 Permanent
-0.8 set
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1
True Strain
This approximation will differ from the polynomial approximation used for
the Arruda-Boyce model.
- Of the total deformation in B, a portion takes place in the elastic component while
the rest of the deformation takes place in the viscous component.
- Because the stress in the elastic portion is equal to the stress plastic portion, the
total stress can be written merely as a function of the elastic deformation
• The stress tensor from component B is added to the stress tensor from
component A to find the total stress
•Issue the TBDATA data table command to input the constant values in the
order shown:
0.25
-1.2
-1 C1_b = 0.1 0.2
-0.8 C1_b = 0.05 0.15
-0.6 0.1
-0.4 0.05
-0.2 0
0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0.00 -0.20 -0.40 -0.60 -0.80 -1.00 C1_b (material constant C5)
True Strain
0.07
-1.2
m = 2.5
-1 0.05
m=3
-0.8
m = 3.5 0.03
-0.6
-0.4 m=4 0.01
-0.2 m = 4.5
-0.01
0
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1
m (Material Constant C7)
True Strain
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• Martensite “plates” are formed within the austenite phase. The formation of these
martensite plates generally do not involve dislocation motion or diffusional flow
• Consider the case of an elevated temperature where only austenite exists at the stress-
free state. If a material is loaded, the higher stress induces a phase change to
martensite (path ABC). Unloading will result in a reverse transformation from
martensite back to austenite with hysteresis (path CDA). This is the superelastic effect.
• Accounts for austenite to martensite (A→S) and martensite to austenite (S→A) phase
transformations.
f 1 a F s s 1 a
s SA SA
1 if
H SA
F 0
0 otherwise
40 © 2015 ANSYS, Inc. May 27, 2015
... SMA Superelasticity
Stress-strain relationship of SMA Superelasticity :
• The first slope (green) s
is the 100% austenite phase and
is described by elastic modulus
sASf
• Transformation starts at a stress
sASs
levelsASsand ends at sASf when
100% is martensite.
The governing equations are derived from an expression for free energy
potential defined as:
Where:
D M aterial elastic stiffness tensor b M aterial Parameter
e Total Strain T Temperature
etr Total Transformation Strain To Temperature which no twinning martensite
etr' Deviatoric Transformation Strain is observed
(T) b (T - To) , a postive montonically
M h material parameter related to the hardening
increasing function of the temperature of the material during phase transformation
Ietr ' (etr' ) indicator function introduced to satisfy
the constraint on transformation norm
Where:
h
To
R
b
eL
Em
m
SMA cannot be combined with other materials for the same material.