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    This document summarizes the results of simulations exploring the secular trends of orbital perturbations. It finds that Earth's oblateness causes a decreasing trend in the right ascension of the ascending node and an increasing trend in the argument of periapsis over approximately 65 hours. Atmospheric drag causes decreasing trends in all orbital elements except the argument of periapsis, with changes on the order of 30 km in radius of apogee but only 200 m in radius of perigee. Solar radiation pressure has little effect on the semi-major axis but causes changes similar to oblateness in other elements, though smaller in magnitude.

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    Oblateness trends ,Orbits ,Satellite ,Visual

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    This document summarizes the results of simulations exploring the secular trends of orbital perturbations. It finds that Earth's oblateness causes a decreasing trend in the right ascension of the ascending node and an increasing trend in the argument of periapsis over approximately 65 hours. Atmospheric drag causes decreasing trends in all orbital elements except the argument of periapsis, with changes on the order of 30 km in radius of apogee but only 200 m in radius of perigee. Solar radiation pressure has little effect on the semi-major axis but causes changes similar to oblateness in other elements, though smaller in magnitude.

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    25 views9 pages

    Secular Trends of Perturbations Explored Numerically

    Uploaded by

    ahmadfaza
    This document summarizes the results of simulations exploring the secular trends of orbital perturbations. It finds that Earth's oblateness causes a decreasing trend in the right ascension of the ascending node and an increasing trend in the argument of periapsis over approximately 65 hours. Atmospheric drag causes decreasing trends in all orbital elements except the argument of periapsis, with changes on the order of 30 km in radius of apogee but only 200 m in radius of perigee. Solar radiation pressure has little effect on the semi-major axis but causes changes similar to oblateness in other elements, though smaller in magnitude.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 9

    Secular Trends of Perturbations Explored Numerically

    Kyle Litzer CU Boulder ASEN 5050

    Home | Overview | Oblateness | Atmospheric Drag | Solar Radiation Pressure | Results | Code | References

    Results
    OblatenessTrends
    Asimulationwasrunfor25orbits,giventhefollowinginitialorbitalelements:

    Oncethesimulationswerecomplete,orbitalelementswerecalculatedfromthepositionandvelocitytime
    histories.

    Above:Changeininitialorbitduetooblatenessperturbation.
    Below:Animationofchangeinorbitovertime.

    Above:Timehistoryofsemimajoraxis,eccentricity,radiusofperigee,andradiusofapogee.
    Below:Timehistoryofinclination,rightascensionoftheascendingnode,andargumentofperiapse.

    Asseenabove,semimajoraxis,eccentricity,radiusofapogee,radiusofperigeeandinclinationareall
    unaffectedsecularlybyoblateness.Thereisauniquetradeoffwitnessedbetweenradiusatapogeeand
    perigee.Whenoneisataminimum,theotherisatamaximum.
    Aspredictedanalytically,thetimehistoriesshowaseculartrendinbothrightascensionoftheascending
    node(RAAN)andduringtheapproximately65hoursimulationtimespan.RAANdecreasesbyapprox.7.5,
    whileargumentofperiapserisesbyapprox.13.
    Asmentionedbefore,inhistextValladogivesanalyticalexpressionsfortheseculartrendsintheorbital
    elementsduetotheoblatenessofEarth.Itisshownthattheonlyorbitalelementsaffectedinasecularway
    aretheRAAN,theargumentofperiapseandthereference(initial)meananomaly.

    Comparingtheseequationstothebehaviorwitnessedabove,thenetchangeinRAANandargumentof
    periapseagreewiththeanalyticalexpressions.

    DragTrends
    Asimulationwasrunfor100orbits,giventhefollowinginitialorbitalelements:

    Oncethesimulationswerecomplete,orbitalelementswerecalculatedfromthepositionandvelocitytime
    histories.

    Above:Changeininitialorbitduetodragperturbation.
    Below:Animationofchangeinorbitovertime.

    Above:Timehistoryofsemimajoraxis,eccentricity,radiusofperigee,andradiusofapogee.
    Below:Timehistoryofinclination,rightascensionoftheascendingnode,andargumentofperiapse.

    Above:Detailoftimehistoryofsemimajoraxis,eccentricity,radiusofperigee,andradiusofapogee.
    Below:Detailoftimehistoryofinclination,rightascensionoftheascendingnode,andargumentofperiapse.

    Theperturbationsduetodragyieldquiteinterestingresults.Allsevenelementsplottedfollowadefinite
    seculartrend.Allsixelementsasidefromargumentofperiapseshowadownwardtrend.Italmostappears
    asiftheorbitistryingtoalignitsperigeedirectiontobecomeparallelwithtotheEarth/Sundirection.The
    magnitudeofchangeinradiusofapogeeversusperigeeshouldalsobenoted.Thenetchangeinapogeeis
    ontheorderof30km,whilethenetchangeinperigeeisontheorderof200m.Thiscanbeconceptually
    verifiedifwecomparethelossofspeedduetodragwithacircularizingantivelocitydirectionburnperformed
    atperiapse.Sinceperiapseisthemostefficientplacetoperformorbitchangingmaneuvers(duetohigh
    speeds),smallerchangesinvelocityatperigeebecomelargerchangesintheorbit,especiallyatapogee.
    Uponcloserinspection(referringtothezoomedinplots),itcanbeseenthattheelementsallremain
    relativelyunchanging.Sincethisorbitiseccentric,andasareasonablylowperigeealtitudethatdips
    significantlyintotheEarthsatmosphere,theeffectsofdragareonlywitnessedduringshortspurtsoftime
    neartheorbitsperigee.Curiously,theargumentofperiapsetimehistoryshowssharpspikeseverytimethe
    spacecraftiswithintheatmosphere.Furtherinvestigationwouldneedtobeperformedtofindthereasonfor
    suchhighrateofchange.

    SolarRadiationPressureTrends

    Asimulationwasrunfor100orbits,giventhefollowinginitialorbitalelements:

    Oncethesimulationswerecomplete,orbitalelementswerecalculatedfromthepositionandvelocitytime
    histories.

    Above:ChangeininitialorbitduetoSRPperturbation.
    Below:Animationofchangeinorbitovertime.

    Above:Timehistoryofsemimajoraxis,eccentricity,radiusofperigee,andradiusofapogee.
    Below:Timehistoryofinclination,rightascensionoftheascendingnode,andargumentofperiapse.

    Theonlyoftheorbitalelementsinduringthissimulationthatshowsnoseculartrendisthesemimajoraxis.
    Itisverypeculiarthateventhougheccentricity,radiusofapogeeandperigeechange,thesemimajoraxis
    remainsrelativelyconstant.Furtherinvestigationwouldbenecessarytounderstandthisrelationship.
    ItcanalsobeseenthatthetrendsforRAANandargumentofperiapsemirrorthatoftheoblateness
    perturbation.
    Finally,itshouldbetakenintoconsiderationthatthemagnitudeofsecularchangeintheorbitalelements
    duetoSRPismuchsmallerinmagnitudethanthesecularchangesduetoEarthsoblateness.

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