Recap: Lecture 1, 5th January 2015, 11351230 hrs.

Introduction
Background and applications of GT engines
Objectives of the course
Course contents, text books and references
Evaluation and attendance policy

Lect-1

From the history books

Evolution of Engines

Heros Aeolepile (2nd BC)

William Avery (1830)

2

Lect-1

Multiple
Rockets
Rocket Jets
Wan Hus Rocket (13th AD)
3

Lect-1

Da Vincis Chimney Jack

(1500 AD)

Da Vincis Ornithopter
4

Lect-1

Da Vincis Flapping Wing Concept

5

Lect-1

Gears

Steam
boiler

Shaft

Turbine

Giovanni Brancas Jet Turbine (1629)

6

Lect-1

Newtons Steam Wagon

7

Lect-1

Steam
Boilers

Pistons
Barbers Chain Driven Compressor +
Turbine for Jet propulsion (1791)

Lect-1

Guillaumes Patent
of a Jet Engine

Lorins Patent Drawings

9

Lect-1

Wrights engine
10

Lect-1

First Flight 1903

11

Commissioning of worlds first industrial gas

turbine, Neuchatel, 1939 (Stodola at age 80)
12

Frank Whittle and Hans von Ohain

13

First turbojet-powered aircraft Ohains engine on He 178 (1939)

14

Powered the Gloster E28/39

Britain on 15 May 1941.

15

Lorins jet engine

A Whittle-type turbo-jet engine

Courtesy: The Jet Engine: Rolls Royce, 1996

16

Propeller and jet propulsion: both work on Newtons 3rd law of motion

Courtesy: The Jet Engine: Rolls Royce, 1996

17

Comparison between the working cycle of a turbo-jet

engine and a piston engine
Courtesy: The Jet Engine: Rolls Royce, 1996

18

Types of Gas Turbine Engines

Courtesy: The Jet Engine: Rolls Royce, 1996

19

Types of Gas Turbine Engines

Courtesy: The Jet Engine: Rolls Royce, 1996

20

Courtesy: The Jet Engine: Rolls Royce, 1996

21

Olympus 593 Mrk 610 turbojet: Rolls-Royce/SNECMA

Maximum thrust produced at take off, per engine 170 KN (wet)

Fuel Capacity
119,500 ltrs / 95,680 kgs
Fuel Consumption (at Idle Power)
1100 kgs/hr
Fuel Consumption (at Full Power)
10500 kgs/hr
Fuel Consumption (at Full Re-heated power)
22500 kgs/hr
Typical miles to the gallon per passenger
17 Miles!
(Most modern twin-aisle aircraft have
miles to the gallon per passenger
close to 100!)

Thermodynamics of GT cycle: Basic

Lect-6 concepts
Brayton cycle
The Brayton cycle was proposed by George
Brayton in 1870 for use in reciprocating
engines.
Modern day gas turbines operate on Brayton
cycle and work with rotating machinery.
Gas turbines operate in open-cycle mode, but
can be modelled as closed cycle using airstandard assumptions.
Combustion and exhaust replaced by constant
pressure heat addition and rejection.
23

Lect-6

Ideal Brayton cycle

The Brayton cycle consists of four internally
reversible processes:
1-2 Isentropic compression (in a
compressor)
2-3 Constant-pressure heat addition
3-4 Isentropic expansion (in a turbine)
4-1 Constant-pressure heat rejection

24

Lect-6

Ideal Brayton cycle

P

qin
3

Isentropic

Isobaric

qin
4

qout
1

qout

4
v

Brayton cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams

Prof. Bhaskar Roy, Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace, IIT Bombay

25