MicroelectronicCircuits

Lecture1
Lecture
1
Dt:1512014

Microelectronic Circuits
Instructor-in-Charge
M S d Ershad
Mr.Syed
E h d Ahmed
Ah d

Team of Instructors
Mr.Syed Ershad Ahmed
Dr. Rashmi Sahoo

1/17/2014

ECE F244 / EEE F244

Contents
Course Handout
What is Microelectronics
Transistor
Types of transistors
Scaling
Microelectronic Circuits
Signals
Amplifier

Handout
ECEF244
ECE F244
EEEF244
INSTRF244
S
2

1/17/2014

ECE F244 / EEE F244

Scope and Objective of the Course

The
Theobjectiveofthiscourseistodevelopan
objective of this course is to develop an
abilitytoanalyzeanddesignintegrated
electronic circuits The course aims at
electroniccircuits.Thecourseaimsat
thoroughunderstandingofelectroniccircuits
& building blocks necessary for effective
&buildingblocksnecessaryforeffective
realizationsofintegratedcircuits.Thecourse
also includes the Laboratory component
alsoincludestheLaboratory

1/17/2014

ECE F244 / EEE F244

Text Book
Adel
Adel.S.Sedra,KennethCSmith,
S Sedra Kenneth C Smith
MicroelectronicCircuits,OxfordUniversity
Press Fifth Edition
Press,FifthEdition.

1/17/2014

ECE F244 / EEE F244

Reference books
Richard.
Richard.C.Jaeger,
C. Jaeger, Microelectronic
MicroelectronicCircuit
Circuit
Design,TataMcGrawHillCompaniesInc.,
InternationalEdition.
R.Jacob.Baker,Harry.W.Li,David.Boyce,CMOS
circuitDesignLayoutandsimulation.IEEEPress
i it D i L
t d i l ti
IEEE P
seriesonMicroelectronicSystems,PHI.

1/17/2014

ECE F244 / EEE F244

Course Plan
S.No.

Topic

Learning Objective

No. of

Ref. From the Text Book (Article)

Lectures

1.

Introduction to Amplifiers

p
1.4, 1.5,1.6
Text chapter-1

Models of MOSFET, physics of MOS device physics

MOSFET

Text ch- 4.1 4.3

3.

Integrated
circuit
MOSFET IC MOSFET Amplifier
Amplifier circuits, and Frequency design
response

Text Ch 4--4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9

4.

Integrated circuit BJT Amplifiers, Discrete and IC BJT

frequency response and BJT models Amplifier Design

Text Ch 5--5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9

5.

Differential amplifiers

Text --Ch.7.1-7.7

1/17/2014

Characteristic of Amplifiers

Design of differential
amplifiers

ECE F244 / EEE F244

Course Plan
6.

g of IC bias
Passive and active current Design
mirrors.
circuits

Text Ch.6.12

7.

Feedback

Study of feedback

Text Ch.8.1-8.7

8.

Operational Amplifiers

g and
Design
characterization of an
integrated circuit OPAMP

Text Ch. 9

9.

Stability
&
frequency Techniques for
compensation in OP AMP, stability of opamp in
Noise
feedback mode.

Text ch-8.8-8.11

10

Illustrative examples of
integrated electronic
systemsan overview

To be announced

1/17/2014

Building of electronic
systems

ECE F244 / EEE F244

Evaluation Scheme
EC No.

Components

Duration

Marks

Test1

60 mts.

60

21/2& 5.00 - 6 .00 PM

CB

Test2

60 mts.

60

1/4 &

OB

Lab

60

Comprehensive Exam

3 hrs.

120

06/05 AN

CB

1/17/2014

Date & Time

ECE F244 / EEE F244

5.00 - 6 .00 PM

Remarks

10

Makeup policy
Makeup
Make upforanycomponentwillbegivenonly
for any component will be given only
ingenuine cases.Inallcasespriorintimation
must be given to IC
mustbegiventoIC

1/17/2014

ECE F244 / EEE F244

11

Notices
All
Allnoticesrelatedtothecoursewillbeputon
notices related to the course will be put on
theEEE/ECE NoticeboardandCMSonly

1/17/2014

ECE F244 / EEE F244

12

Chamber Consultation Hour

1/17/2014

ECE F244 / EEE F244

13

Announcements
Tomorrow
Tomorrow17/01/14tutorialSessionstands
17/01/14 tutorial Session stands
cancelled
LABSessionswillstartfrom20/01/14
LAB Sessions will start from 20/01/14

1/17/2014

ECE F244 / EEE F244

14

What is Microelectronics?
Electronics is the Science, technology and
application of charge carriers either in semiconductor,
vacuum or gases.
Microelectronics
Mi
l t i is
i the
th art,
t science
i
andd technology
t h l
of designing and fabricating integrated circuits with
small-dimension electronic devices generally in
micrometer regime.
Microelectronics refers to the integrated
g
Circuit ((IC))
technology that contains billions of components in a
small piece of silicon of area 100mm2.
1/17/2014

ECE F244 / EEE F244

15

Transistor
Transistor is considered to be
one of the greatest invention in
20th century.
A transistor is a semiconductor
device which can be considered as
a special kind of resistor whose
value changes.

C ll t
Collector

Base

Emitter

This is mainly used as amplifier

and switch.

History of Transistor
1874: Ferdinand Brown proposed a solid state point
contact rectifier.
1906: Lee De Forest proposed vacuum tube triode.
1926: Julius Lilienfeld patented the FET concept.
1947: William Shockley,
Shockley John Bardeen and Walter
Brattain create the first point contact transistor (Bell
Labs).

History of Transistor
June 30, 1948 Bell Labs held a press conference in New
York to demonstrate their new discovery to the World.

Transistors
Bipolar Junction
Transistor (BJT)

Field Effect Transistor

((FET))

Bipolar
Advantages:

Unipolar
Advantages:

Faster than FET

Higher
g
gm
g
Disadvantage:

Moderate gm
Scalable Technology
Consumes less area
and power
Less
L processing
i steps
t
Disadvantages:

Consume more power

and area.
Nonscalable technology
More processing steps

Slower than BJT

Transistors
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect
Transistor (MOSFET)

NMOS

PMOS

CMOS
1960: First working MOS by M.M.AtallaandDawon
Kahng (Bell Labs)
1960-1970: NMOS/PMOS technology
1970: CMOS technology

Transistor
The first integrated circuits had been demonstrated in
1958 by Jack S. Kilby of Texas Instruments.
Kilbyy won the Nobel
Prize in Physics for
his invention of the
integrated circuit.

Consists of five components:

p
3 Resistors, one Transistor
and one capacitor

Transistors
P4 2.4 Ghz,, 1.5V,, 131mm2

Scaling
Scaling of the devices are going to achieve:
More transistors per chip
Improvement in speed
Lower power consumption

Scaling
g
Moore`s Law (1965): the integrated circuit density
and performance would double every 18 months.
months
The size of MOSFET has reduced from 20m in
1975 to 32nm in 2012 and 28nm in2013.

Scaling

Microelectronic Circuits
Amplifier
Single stage amplifier
Differential Amplifier
Current Mirrors
Operational Amplifier

Amplifier

MOSFET

1/17/2014

BJT

ECE F244 / EEE F244

OPAMP

27

Signals
g
Signal contains information about a variety of things
and activities in our physical world.
world e.g.
eg
p
, Speed,
p , some audio or video
Pressure,, Temperature,
Physical signal
Processing using transducer
El i signal
Electric
i l

Signals
Signals
g
are represented
p
byy one of the two
equivalent forms.
Thevenin form
(Voltage source)
Norton form
(Current source)

Signals
Signals

Analogg
Analog Circuits

Digital
Digital Circuits

Signals: Analog vs. Digital

f(t)

Analog: Analogous to some physical

quantity

Digital: can be represented using

a finite number of digits

31

Example of Analog Signal

Voltage
e (V)

A (440Hz) piano key stroke

Time (s)

Properties:
Dynamicrange:maxV minV
Frequency:numberofcyclesinonesecond
32

Analog Circuits
It
Itisanelectronicsubsystemwhichoperates
is an electronic subsystem which operates
entirelyonanalogsignals

i(t)

A
Amplifier
lifi

o(t)

o(t)
( ) = A i(t)
()
33

Why Digital?
Digital
Digitalsignalsareeasyandcheaptostore
signals are easy and cheap to store
Digitalsignalsareinsensibletonoise
Booleanalgebra
l
l b canbeusedtorepresent,
b
d
manipulate,minimizelogicfunctions
Digitalsignalprocessing iseasierandrelatively
lessexpensivethananalogsignalprocessing

34

Summary
Analog
Analogsignalsarerepresentationofphysical
signals are representation of physical
quantities
Digitalsignalsarelesssensibletonoisethan
Digital signals are less sensible to noise than
analogsignals
Digitalsignalscanrepresentanalogsignals
Digital signals can represent analog signals
witharbitraryprecision(attheexpenseof
digitalcircuitcost)
Booleanalgebraisapowerfulmathematical
toolformanipulatingdigitalcircuits
35