ALCHEMIST AIRWAYS PVT LTD.

AAPL
MINIMA
SCHEME

THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING AERODROME OPERATING

MINIMA.
7.1.1

APRIL 2014

Steps used for Calculation of Aerodrome Operating Minima are given below :Calculation of Aerodrome Operating Minima for landing are calculated based on the
information regarding airport facilities and OCAs available from AIPs and AIP
Supplements issued by AAI and are calculated as per ICAO All Weather Operations
Manual DOC 9365 AN/910 and CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENT SECTION
8 AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS SERIES C PART I Rev 4, 10th DECEMBER
2013
CALCULATION OF NORMAL AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA
Approach Lighting Systems
Class of facility Length, configuration and intensity of approach lights
Full Facilities
- FALS (full approach light system) Precision approach CAT I lighting system
(HIALS >720m) distance coded centerline barrette centerline
- Runway threshold lights
- Runway edge lights.
- Runway end lights.
- Runway markings.
Intermediate Facilities
- IALS (intermediate approach light system) Simple approach lighting system
(HIALS 420-719m) single source, barrette
- Runway edge lights
- Runway threshold lights
- Runway end lights
- Runway markings.
Basic Facilities
BALS (basic approach light system) Any other approach lighting system
(HIALS, MIALS or ALS 210-419m)
NALS (No Approach Light System) Any other approach lighting system
(HIALS, MIALS or ALS <210m) or no approach lights
- Runway edge lights
- Runway threshold lights
- Runway end light
- Runways markings.
Page 1 of 13

ALCHEMIST AIRWAYS PVT LTD.

AAPL
MINIMA
SCHEME

THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING AERODROME OPERATING

MINIMA.

APRIL 2014

System Minima vs Instrument Approach Procedures

System minima
Instrument Approach Procedure

Lowest DH / MDH

ILS/MLS/GLS CAT I
Localizer with or without DME
SRA (terminating at NM)
SRA (terminating at 1 NM)
SRA (terminating at 2 NM or more)
VOR
VOR/DME
NDB
NDB/DME
VDF

200 ft
250 ft
250 ft
300 ft
350 ft
300 ft
250 ft
350 ft
300 ft
350 ft

Note 1. 200 ft is the lowest authorized DH for Category I operation unless

an equivalent level of safety can be achieved through use of additional
procedural or operational requirements.
Determination of RVR/CMV/Visibility minima for Category 1, APV and non
precision approaches.
The minimum RVR/CMV/Visibility shall be the highest of the values derived from
Table 4 or Table 5, but not greater than the maximum values shown in Table 5
where applicable.
The values in Table 4 are derived from the formula below with the length of the
approach lighting system taken into account as part of the formula for derivation of
RVR;
Required RVR/Visibility (m) = [(DH/MDH (ft) x 0.3048) / tan] - length of
approach lights (m);
where is the calculation angle, being a default value of 3.00 increasing in
steps of 0.10 for each line in Table 5 up to 3.77 and then remaining constant.

Page 2 of 13

AAPL
MINIMA
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ALCHEMIST AIRWAYS PVT LTD.

THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING AERODROME OPERATING
MINIMA.
7.1.2

APRIL 2014

Table 4: Lowest Straight-in Approach Minima for Instrument Approach

and Landing Operations Other Than CAT II or CAT III
Class of Lighting
Class Facility
of Lighting Facility

DH or
MDH (ft)

FAL IAL FAL

BALIANALS
BAL
S
S
S
S
LS
S
DH or MDH
(metres)
(ft) (metres)

NALS

200

See para 11.3.9.

for RVR
< for RVR <
See para
11.3.9.
750 m
750 m
- 210541550- 560750 1800
10002100
12002300 2500

211

- 220561550- 580800 1900

10002200
12002400

2600

221

- 230581550- 600800 2000

10002300
12002500

2700

231

- 240601550- 620800 2100

10002400
12002600

2800

241

- 250621550- 640800 2200

10002500
13002700

2900

251

- 260641600- 660800 2300

11002600
13002800

3000

261

- 280661600- 680900 2400

11002700
13002900
- 300681650- 700900 2500
12002800
14003000
- 320
700
1000 1200 1400
701 - 720 2600 2900 3100
- 340
800
1100 1300 1500
721 - 740 2700 3000 3200
- 360
900
1200 1400 1600
741 - 760 2700 3000 3300
- 380
1000
1300 1500 1700
761 - 800 2900 3200 3400
- 400
1100
1400 1600 1800
801 - 850 3100 3400 3600
- 420
1200
1500 1700 1900
851 - 900 3300 3600 3800
- 440
1300
1600 1800 2000
901 - 950 3600 3900 4100
- 460
1400
1700 1900 2100
951 - 1000 3800 4100 4300
- 480
1500
1800 2000 2200
1001 - 1100 4100 4400 4600
- 500
1500
1800 2100 2300
1101 - 1200 4600 4900 5000
- 520
1600
1900 2100 2400
and 20005000
- 54012011700
22005000
24005000
above

3100

281
301
321
341
361
381
401
421
441
461
481
501
521

3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3800
4000
4300
4500
4900
5000
5000
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MINIMA

THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING AERODROME OPERATING

MINIMA.

Failed or downgraded
equipment

Effect on landing minima

ILS standby transmitter

No effect

Outer marker

No effect if replaced by height

check at 1 000 ft

Cat I

SCHEME
AUG 2015

APV, NPA

APV - Not applicable

NPA with FAF: No effect unless used as
FAF
If FAF cannot be identified (e.g. no method
available for timing of descent), NPA cannot
be conducted

Middle marker

No effect

RVR assessment
systems
Approach lights

No effect
Minima as for NALS

Approach lights except Minima as for BALS

the last 210 m
No
effect
Failed
or
Effect
on landing minima
downgraded equipment
Cat I
1
Effect on landing minima
Standby
power
for No effect
Failed or downgraded
Cat I
approach lights
1
equipment
Standby
power
for No effect
approach
lights threshold Day: no effect
Edge
lights,
Edge and
lights,runway
threshold
lights
end Day: no effect
lights and runway end Night: Not allowed
Night: Not allowed
lights
Centre line lights
No effect if F/D or auto land;
Centre
line lights No effect if F/D or auto land;
otherwise RVR 750m
otherwise RVR 750m
Centre
spacing
to
30m

No effect unless used as MAPt

line lights No effect

increased

Minima as for IALS

APV, NPA
APV, NPA

No effect
No effect

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MINIMA

THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING AERODROME OPERATING

MINIMA.

SCHEME
AUG 2015

Center line lights spac

No effect
-ing increased to 30m
Touchdown zone
No effect if F/D or auto land;
No effect
lights
otherwise RVR 750 m
Taxiway lighting
No effect
system
7.1.3 Table 5: Minimum and Maximum RVR for Instrument Approaches down to

CAT 1 MINIMA

7.1.4

Table 5a: Failed or downgraded equipment effect on landing minima

Table 5a contains instructions concerning failed or downgraded equipment and
consequential effect on landing minima. The table has instructions intended for use
both pre-flight and in-flight. It is however not expected that the PIC would consult
such instructions after passing 1 000 ft above the aerodrome. If failures of ground
aids are announced at such a late stage, the approach could be continued at the
PICs discretion. If failures are announced before such a late stage in the approach, their
effect on the approach should be considered as described in Table 5a, and the approach
may have to be abandoned

Note1 Conditions applicable to Table 5a:

(a) multiple failures of runway lights other than indicated in Table 5a are not acceptable;
(b) deficiencies of approach and runway lights are treated separately;
(c) failures other than ILS affect RVR only and not DH.

RVR/
CMV
(m)
ILS/MLS/GLS,PAR,and RNAV with Min
approved vertical guidance
Max

Aeroplane Category

1500

NDB,NDB/DME,VOR,
Min
VOR/DME,LOC,
LOC/DME,
VDF,SRA,RNAV without approved
Max
vertical guidance with a procedure
which
fulfills
the criteria in
paragraph 7.1.6 (b)
Min

Facility/Conditions

1500

2400

2400

750

750

750

750

1500

1500

2400

2400

1000

1000

1200

1200

According to Table 4

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MINIMA

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THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING AERODROME OPERATING

MINIMA.

According to Table 4, if flown using the

CDFA technique, otherwise an add-on of
200/400 m applies to the values in Table 4
but not to result in a value exceeding 5000 m.

Max

7.1.5

AUG 2015

Table 6: Approach Lighting Systems

Class of facility

Length, configuration
approach lights

and intensity

of

FALS (full approach light system)

Precision approach CAT I lighting system

(HIALS >720m) distance coded centreline, barrette
centerline

IALS (intermediate approach light system) Simple approach lighting system (HIALS
420-719m) single source, barrette
BALS (basic approach light system)
Any other approach lighting system
(HIALS, MIALS or ALS 210-419m)
NALS (no approach light system)
Any other approach lighting system (HIALS,
MIALS or ALS <210m) or no approach lights
7.1.6 In order to qualify for the lowest allowable values of RVR detailed in Table 4
(applicable to each approach grouping), the instrument approach procedures should be
flown as an instrument approach and landing operation and shall meet at least the following
facility requirements and associated conditions:
(a) Instrument approaches procedures with a designated vertical profile up to
and including 4.5 for Category A and B aeroplanes, or 3.77 for Category C and D
aeroplanes, unless other approach angles are approved by DGCA, where the facilities
are:
i) ILS/MLS/GLS/PAR; or
ii) RNAV with approved vertical guidance; and where the final approach track is
offset by not more than 15 degrees for Category A and B aeroplanes or by not more
than 5 degrees for Category C and D aeroplanes.

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MINIMA

THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING AERODROME OPERATING

MINIMA.

SCHEME
AUG 2015

(b) Instrument approach procedures flown using the CDFA technique with a nominal
vertical profile up to and including 4.5 for Category A and B aeroplanes, or 3.77 for
Category C and D aeroplanes, unless other approach angles are approved by DGCA,
where the facilities are NDB, NDB/DME, VOR, VOR/DME, LOC,LOC/DME, VDF,
SRA or RNAV/LNAV, with a final approach segment of at least 3 NM, which also
fulfill the following criteria:
i)the final approach track is offset by not more than 15 degrees for Category A and B
aeroplanes or by not more than 5 degrees for Category C and D aeroplanes; and
ii)the FAF or another appropriate fix where descent is initiated is available, or distance to
THR is available by FMS/RNAV or DME; and
iii) if the MAPt is determined by timing, the distance from FAF to THR is < 8 NM.
7.2

VISUAL APPROACH
For a visual approach, by AAPL shall use higher of the associated non- precision approach
minima or minimum visibility/RVR of 2800 m for Category A/B aeroplanes, 3200 m for
Category C aeroplanes and 3600 m for Category D aeroplanes. If visual approach is
requested for a runway which has only a circling approach, the ground visibility shall not be
less than 5 KM

.
VFR OPERATING MINIMA
AAPL will ensure that:
VFR flights are conducted in accordance with the Visual Flight Rules and in
accordance with Table 7.
Special VFR flights are not permitted for commercial air transport aeroplanes.
Table 7: Minimum Visibilities for VFR Operations
Altitude Band

Airspace Class

Flight Visbility

Distance from Cloud

At or above 3050
m (10000 ft)
AMSL

A BCDEFG

8 km

1500 m horizontally
300 m (1000 ft)
Vertically

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MINIMA

THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING AERODROME OPERATING

MINIMA.
AB C D E F G
Below 3050 m
(10000 ft) and
above 900 m
(3000 ft) AMSL,
or above 300 m
(1000 ft) above
terrain, whichever
is the higher

At or below 900
m (3000 ft)
AMSL, or 300 m
(1000 ft) above
terrain, whichever
is the higher

7.2.1

ABCDE

FG

5 km

1500 m horizontally
300 m (1000 ft)
Vertically

5 km

1500 m horizontally
300 m (1000 ft)
Vertically

5 km

SCHEME
AUG 2015

Clear of clouds and

with the surface in
sight

Stabilized Approaches
All approaches shall be flown as stabilised approaches (SAp) unless otherwise
approved by DGCA for a particular approach to a particular runway.

7.2.2

Non-precision Approaches.
All non-precision approaches shall be flown using the Continuous Descent Final
Approaches (CDFA) technique unless otherwise approved by the DGCA for a particular
approach to a particular runway. When calculating the minima the operator shall
ensure that the applicable minimum RVR is increased by 200m for Cat A/B
aeroplanes and by 400m for Cat C/D aeroplanes for approaches not flown using
the CDFA technique, providing that the resulting RVR/CMV value

7.2.3

Conversion of Reported Meteorological Visibility to RVR/CMV

Horizontal visibility reported by the meteorological office could be different from the
slant visibility observed by the pilot due to factors such as low lying haze and a smoke
layer. The reported visibility has inherent limitations due to the fact that it is reported at a
site that is removed from the point at which a pilot makes the approach to land and is
expected to acquire the visual reference to continue the approach. An RVR is a better
representation of the expected distance that the pilot may acquire visual cues on
approach. As RVR and meteorological visibility are established differently, a ratio can be
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MINIMA

THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING AERODROME OPERATING

MINIMA.

SCHEME
AUG 2015

identified between the two. Effect of lighting intensities and background luminance play
a role when establishing an RVR. In cases where the RVR is not reported, a pilot may
derive RVR/CMV by using a mathematical conversion depending upon the type of
approach lighting and day/night conditions. The RVR/CMV derived from the table below
may be used by an operator to commence or continue an approach to the applicable
DA/MDA.
An Operator should ensure that a meteorological visibility to RVR conversion is not used;
a)for takeoff,
b)for calculating any other required RVR minimum less than 800 m,
c)for visual/circling approaches,
d)or when reported RVR is available.
When converting meteorological visibility to RVR in all other circumstances than those
in sub-paragraph above, an operator should ensure that Table 1 below is used:
Note- If the RVR is reported as being above the maximum value assessed by the
aerodrome operator, e.g. RVR more than 1500 metres, it is not considered to be a
reported value for the purpose of this paragraph

Table 8: Conversion of Meteorological visibility to RVR

Lighting elements in Operation
RVR = Reported
Meteorological. Visibility x
Day
Night
HI approach and
runway lighting
Any type of lighting installation
other than above
No lighting

15

20

10

15

10

Not applicable

NOTE:- The minimum length of approach lights for application of CMV is 420 m.
7.3

RESTRICTED AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA

AAPL Aircrafts follow Restricted Aerodrome Operating Minimas:AAPL Aircrafts are in Category B - 169 km/h (91 kt) or more but less than 224 km/h
(121 kt) IAS
Restricted Aerodrome Operating Minima.

Restricted AOM shall be based on additives applied to the Normal AOM as below;
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THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING AERODROME OPERATING

MINIMA.

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AUG 2015

Restricted AOM = Normal AOM DA(H)/MDA (H) + 100 ft and normal AOM
Visibility/RVR + 400 m

7.4

Sample Calculation for Normal and Restricted Minima

7.4.1 Precision approach: Jaipur ILS Z RWY 27 (Aircraft Category B)

Normal OCA = 1460 feet
Normal DA = 1460 feet
Airfield Elevation = 1263 feet
Threshold Elevation Rwy 27 = 1250 feet
Subtract 1250 ft from DA to get DH. Normal DH = 1460 1250 = 210 feet
Refer Table 4 Page 3 of 11 for
Normal VIS/RVR = Corresponding value for DH =210is
R750 Metres (with ALS Intermediate Facilities)
R1000 Metres (with ALS Basic Facilities)
R1200 metres (W/o ALS No Approach Light System)
Restricted AOM = Normal AOM DA(H)/MDA (H) + 100 ft &
Normal AOM Visibility/RVR + 400 m
Restricted AOM
Restricted DH = 210 + 100 = 310
= Refer Table 4 of this Chapter page 3 of 12 for
Restricted VIS/RVR= Corresponding value for Restricted DH =310is
R1000 Meters (with ALS-Intermediate Facilities)
R1200 Metres (with ALS Basic Facilities)
R1400 Meters (W/o ALS No Approach Light System)
Normal AOM Visibility/RVR + 400 m
750 + 400 = R 1150 (with ALS Intermediate Facilities)
1000 + 400 = R 1400 (with ALS Basic Facilities)
1200 + 400 = R 1600 (W/o ALS No Approach Light System)
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AUG 2015

Higher of these two values should be taken as Restricted VIS/RVR Minima

So, Restricted VIS/RVR Minima for Jaipur is

R 1150 Metres (with ALS Intermediate Facilities)

R 1400 Meters (with ALS - with Basic Facilities)
R 1600 (W/o ALS No Approach Light System)

Non Precision approach: Jaipur ILS Z RWY 27 (Aircraft Category B) Loc (Gs out)
Normal OCA = 1670 feet
Normal DA = 1670 feet
Airfield Elevation = 1263 feet
Threshold Elevation Rwy 27 = 1250 feet
Subtract 1250 ft from DA to get DH. Normal DH = 1670 1250 = 420 feet
Refer Table 4 Page 3 of 11 for
Normal VIS/RVR = Corresponding value for DH =420is
R1500 Metres (with ALS Intermediate Facilities)
R1700 metres ( Basic Approach Light System)
R1900 metres (W/o ALS No Approach Light System)
Restricted AOM = Normal AOM DA(H)/MDA (H) + 100 ft &
Normal AOM Visibility/RVR + 400 m
Restricted AOM
Restricted DH = 420 + 100 = 520
= Refer Table 4 of this Chapter page 3 of 12 for
Restricted VIS/RVR= Corresponding value for Restricted DH =520is
R 1900 (with ALS-Intermediate Facilities)
R 2100 metres ( Basic Approach Light System)
R 2400 (W/o ALS No Approach Light System)
Normal AOM Visibility/RVR + 400 m
1500 + 400 = R 1900 (with ALS Intermediate Facilities)
1700 + 400 = R 2100 ( Basic approach light system )
1900 + 400 = R 2300 (W/o ALS No Approach Light System)
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AUG 2015

Higher of these two values should be taken as Restricted VIS/RVR Minima

So, Restricted VIS/RVR Minima for Jaipur is

R 1900 Metres (with ALS Intermediate Facilities)

R 2100 Meters ( Basic approach light system )
R 2400 Meters (W/o ALS No Approach Light System)

7.4.2 Non-Precision Approach: Jaipur Vor RWY 09 (Aircraft Category B)

Normal OCA = 1690 feet
Normal MDA = 1690 feet
Airfield Elevation = 1263 feet
Threshold Elevation Rwy 09 = 1263 feet
Subtract 1263 ft from MDA to get MDH. Normal MDH = 1690 1263 = 427 feet
Refer Table 4 of Page 3 of 11 for
Normal VIS/RVR = Corresponding value for MDH = 427 is
R1600 Metres (with ALS Intermediate Facilities)
R1800 Metres (with ALS Basic Facilities)
R2000 Metres (W/o ALS No Approach Light System)
but as per Table 5a Page 5 of 12 max value allowed R1500 so
R1500 Meter (with ALS Intermediate Facilities)
As per Table 5 Page 4 of 12 if approach light fail then take Minima as of NALS
R2000 Metres (W/o ALS No Approach Light System)
Restricted AOM = Normal AOM DA(H)/MDA (H) + 100 ft &
Normal AOM Visibility/RVR + 400 m
Restricted AOM
Restricted MDH = 427 + 100 = 527
Refer Table 4 of Page 3 of 12 for
Restricted VIS/RVR= Corresponding value for Restricted MDH = 527
R 2000 (with ALS-Intermediate Facilities)
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R 2200 (with ALS Basic Facilities)

R 2400 (W/o ALS No Approach Light System)
Normal AOM Visibility/RVR + 400 m
1500 + 400 = R 1900 (with ALS Intermediate Facilities)
1800 + 400 = R 2200 (with ALS Basic Facilities)
2000 + 400 = R 2400 (W/o ALS No Approach Light System)
Higher of these two values should be taken as Restricted VIS/RVR Minima
So, Restricted VIS/RVR Minima for Jaipur

R 2000 Metres (with ALS Intermediate Facilities)

R 2200 Metres (with ALS Basic Facilities)
R 2400 Metres (W/o ALS No Approach Light System)

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