Atypical Hyperplasia!

Jay Lee, Ariel Oppong, Rebec

perplasia

apid cell proliferation

ssue engorgement

our categories

perplasia
Four categories

Simple
Endometrium
contains hyperplastic
colony

Complex
Hyperplastic colony
reaches beyond
endometrium

Usual

Atypical

Hyperplastic cells are

healthy in shape and

Hyperplastic cells
serve no function and

perplasia
Simple
Usual

Atypical

Complex
n/a

ast Anatomy

male reproductive accessory

ernal Anatomy

ipple

reola

rnal Anatomy

atty tissue
mammary glands

milk ducts

ast Anatomy

mmary glands

obules

lveoli

ubiodal tissue

perplasia of the Breast

urs in lobules or milk ducts

mless unless complex, atypical

cursor to carcinoma in breast

Premalignant

rapid, clustered proliferation

nonuniform appearance
cells lack function

vention

hree tests are used by health

are providers to screen for
east cancer:

Mammogram

linical Breast Exam

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MRI) for High Risk Women

SCREENING:MAMMOGRAMS

CREENING-CLINICAL BREAST EXAMINATIO

Assess Patients history and its contribution to patient risk

Complete Lymph Node exam

Visual Breast Examination: any abnormalities

Check for Palpitations on hands and pressure points

Document findings and record plan of action

REENING:MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGIN

American Cancer
ety :

st of the published
elines state only
ve risk data for
cal hyperplasia or a
r lifetime risk, such
5 %, which does not
fy them for screening

SPECIAL 2015 REPORT

pical Hyperplasia of the Breast- Risk Assessment and Management

ons

cles Conclusions: Currently, atypical hyperplasia confers an absolute

ter breast cancer of 30%1

ated1 :

nclude women w/ atypical

ARTICLE RECOMMENDATION
erplasia; screening MRI should
considered an option for them

cation regarding
moprevention

ed more quality-control studies

nsure the application of
ndardized pathological criteria.

qidentify new biomarkers that c

predict dierent subtypes of b
cancer and varying time frame
risk

trogen
Modulate genes involved
with breast
development, regulation
of menstrual cycle.
Prolonged exposure
increases incidence of
breast cancer and
various uterine lesions

netheless some women still get Breast Cance

Potential Treatment Options:

ere are preventive treatments, non invasi

and invasive methods:

trogen Receptors: ER and ER

gand-dependent nuclear
eceptors ER and ER
ave high anities to
stradiol which causes
ects within cells.9

ematic of estrogen and its regulatory function in target cells

lective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERM

ERMs are a class of compounds which can

ct in some tissues as estrogens (agonist), bu
lock estrogen actions in others (antagonist).
ierent SERMs induce distinct structural
hanges in the receptors. 5

moxifen
Most widely used
SERM antiestrogen
for management of
breast cancer.
Blocks action of
estrogen in cancerous
cells.4

loxifene
ER antagonist in
breast and agonist in
bone, but is not an
agonist in the uterus.2
However, there is
increased risk of
venous
thromboembolism and
fatal stroke.11

RMs

oes not alleviate hot flushes and night swea

ssociated with estrogen loss.
ERMs are infrequently prescribed and used.
or patients, there were documentations of
eluctance.

ut Maine Medical
ter:

Maine Medical has recently

implemented the use of Radioact
Seed Localization

alth Care Disparities

Socio-economic
Racial
Geographical

mongst Citizens, Aliens, Permanent Residen

etc.
Employed/ unemployed

Racial Dispar
in Health
Outcomes for
Black Women
Memphis
Tennessee

sed on Data from: 2014 Racial Disparity in

11

al Disparities are not Specific to Memphis:

Racial Dispa
in Health
Outcomes f
Black Wom
Houston, Te

sed on Data from: 2014 Racial Disparity in

ories on the Origins of the Disparity

Key Factors that led to this racial disparity

Dierential Access to Screening,

Quality of the screening process

Access to Treatment

Quality of Treatment

TE: Although the death rates declined for both white and black wome
United States as a whole over this time period, the white death rate
reased twice as much as the black death rate11

the Curious Biology enthusiasts.

S- There is a dierence in incidence rates

UT.

tality is 77% higher among African

erican women compared w/ white wome
0 vs 6.3 deaths per 100 000).

east cancer in African American women:

her grade, later stage at diagnosis, and wo
rvival even after controlling for stage at
5

HER Examples of Disparities

ast cancer is the main cause of In Los Angeles County, advan

cer deaths for Hispanic
Breast cancer diagnosis was m
men.10
likely in areas that had a large
proportion of minority racial o
ethnic
groups
or
low
median
asive breast cancer (BC) is one
9
household
income.
he predominant diseases in

er women. 9

Conclusion

eed to implement new screening methods

eed new policies to be enacted to decrease

alth disparities

eed more education initiatives

eed to stress the powerful conclusions that

eta-analyses can provide.

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ages

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