Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Alternate Fuels
Alternate Fuels
R.Mahendran1
S.Karthikeyan2
ABSTRACT
bio-diesel developed from one of the number of non- engine widely used rural/agricultural sector of the
edible oil seeds available in India. Non edible
oilseeds tress such as neem, Sal, seemarounba, cotton, potential in the country, oil derived from polanga
rubber, and polanga (undi) have an estimated annual
diesel engine.
INTRODUCTION:
incomplete combustion and carbon deposition on the to show a great care to the environment to be friendly,
injector and valve seats resulting serious engine
efficiency of engine by means of polanga oil as a bio- these scarcity by the survey, the gas production gas
diesel equal to that of petro-diesel fuel.
and its oil, this paper is also one of the findings but a
fuels which we use nowadays create a lot of pollution measuring the acid value. During the test it was
so there is a search for the eco friendly fuel .Finally
the answer for the problem is the usage of the bio-fuel produced from polanga oil in the following three
. the biofuel reduces the pollution to a large extent.
widely through the tropics it is uncertain from where other impurities present in the esterified filtered
it originates .it is believed to be indigenous to India.
ALKALINE CATALYSED
TRANSESTERIFICATION:-
air closed reaction flask for 2 hrs at 65*c. the heating diesel.
set up should be just above the boiling point of the
alcohol to accomplish the reaction, the speed of the
stirrer was kept the same for all test runs, the reaction
product from the first stage was allowed to settle for 1 however, transesterified is an equilibrium reaction in
hr and the complete phase separation was visualized, which an excess of the alcohol is required to drive the
the upper layer which consisted of methanol-water
fraction, organic matter toluene and other impurities. found be 6;1 molar ratio of methanol to oil , which is
Which was separated from the lower layer , the acid
found to be 18 mg KOH/gm, corresponding to FFA of the observed phase separation of the bye product,
9 percent.
free fatty acids to try glycerides and there by reducing oil, neat petro diesel, neat bio-diesel and its blend 20
the acid value of the product of second stage below 4 percent at each step were evaluated as per the ASTM
mg KoH/mg the duration of the reaction was 4 hers ,
potassium hydroxide was found to give the maximum polanga oil methyl ester were found to be in close
ester yield for reaction duration of 4hrs after the
stored for further use , this resulted in a clear amber oil for fuels are methyl esters , these ate formed by
transesterifcation of the oil with methanol in the
presence of a catalyst of catalyst to give methyl esters gravity se3ttle for about 8 hrs . the glycerin settles to
and glygol, naoh is the most common catalyst ,
polanga oil:-
(Cnhn+2) cooh + ch3oh + koh +H2so4 market for use in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics).
Then unrefined glycerin can be used to make
RCOOR
CH2OCOR
+3KOH
CH2OH
RCOOR
CH2OCOR
CH2OH
10 pounds
RCOOR
1 pounds alcohols
1 pound
10 pound bio-diesel
Triglycerine
CH2OCOR
CH2OH
usually methanol
glycerin
lamberts law
T=e^kacle
analysis and emissions are carried out with the help of number of electromagnets and a rotor disc made of
copper or steel are coupled to the output shaft of the
five gas analyzer and hart ridge smoke meter
arrangement in experimental setup.
MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE:-
electromagnet
and its blend with polanga bio-diesel were calculated . no of oxygen atoms .pollutants such as smoke and
these results are analysed and represented graphically ,Nox are of specific relevance to diesel combustion .
in figure. A close look at the graphs indicates a
slightly higher for B100 at lower loads and remain the may be due to lower temperature of the combustion
same at higher loads the trends of the brake thermal
slightly specially at lower loads and remain the same ether) fueled diesel engines found to be e2 percent
at higher loads as compared a to neat petroleum based higher than conventional diesel oil according to a
diesel fuel, this may be be possibly due to better
monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions for B30 and the bio-diesel fueled engine was marginally better
B100 remain the same over the entire range of load.
petroleum based diesel, green house emission such as emissions including nox emissions including for the
carbon monoxide has shown 40 percent reduction for entire range operation,it also conclusively proved
B20 and B100 as compared to neat diesel fuel
during the process pf photosynthesis, while preparing be a potential fuel for complete replacement of
seeds for bio-diesel.
CONCLUSIONS:-
(2006)
By
P.K.SAHOO,S.N.NSIK,& L.M.DAS
IIT DELHI .
SAEINTERNATIONAL
by RICHARD L. BECHFOLD