3.crystal Structure and Thier Characteristic

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS
THEROY
Crystal System:
Sr. No.
Crystal
Axial Relation
Interfacial angles
system
1.
Cubic
a = b = c
= = = 90
2.
Monoclinic
a b c
= = 90
3.
Triclinic
a b c
90
4.
Tetragonal
a = b c
= = = 90
5.
Orthorhombic a b c
= = = 90
6.
Rhombohedral a = b = c
= = 90
7.
Hexagonal
= = 90 , =
a = b c
120
www.studyleague.com
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
=
= = =
= =
= = =

= =
www.studyleague.com
THEROY
= =
= =
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
=
= = , =
= =
= =
()
www.studyleague.com
THEROY
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
THEROY
Cubic System:
In cubic system a = b = c & = 90
There are three cubic lattices (Bravais Lattice):
Some Important Definitions:

1.
Atomic Radius :
Atomic Radius r is defined as half of the distance between
nearest neighbours in a crystal of pure element.
Atomic radius expressed in terms of cube edge a.
Eg.
2.
Explain diagrammatically.
Co-ordination Number :
Co-ordination number is the number or nearest equidistance
neighbours directly surrounding to a given atom.
When Co-ordination number is large, the structure is more closely
packed is the sin..
www.studyleague.com
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
THEROY
3. Atomic Pacing Factor [APF] or Packing Density :

The atomic packing factor is defined as ratio of the volume
occupied by
APF =
APF =
the atoms of the volume of unit cell.

) ( )

Where, a = edge of cube

r = atomic radius
a = no. of atoms / unit cell
4.
Packing Efficiency :
When atomic packing factor (APF) expressed in terms of
percentage ,
then it is called as packing efficiency.
Packing Efficiency = (APF) 100%

www.studyleague.com
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
5.
THEROY
Void Space :
If provide information regarding empty or void space in a unit cell.
And it can be calculated by following formula.
Void Space = (1 APF)
Simple Cubic Structure (S.C) :
1.
Number of atoms per unit cell (n) :

In case of simple cubic cell, there are eight corner atoms and each
corner atoms shared by eight unit cell. Hence, Total no. of atoms
per unit cell.
8= 1
www.studyleague.com
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
2.
THEROY
Co-ordination Number (CN) :

In S.C, any corner atoms has four nearest neighbours in the same
plane
(i.e in horizontal plane) and two nearest neighbor in vertical
plane i.e one exactly above and one exactly below the plane.
Hence, Co-ordination number = 4 + 2 = 6
Co-ordination Number = 6
3.
Atomic Radius (r) :

The Front view of simple cubic structure as shown in fig.
If a is a side of unit cell r be the radius of atom then, from fig.,
a = 2r
r =
Atomic Radius (r) =
www.studyleague.com
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
4.
Atomic Packing Factor :
Atomic packing Factor =
For simple cubic,
h = 1, r =
APF =
=
= 0.52
APF = 0.52
5.
Void Space :
Void Space
= (1 APF)
= (1 0.52)
= 0.48
Void Space = 0.48
www.studyleague.com
THEROY
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
6.
THEROY
Packing efficiency = APF 100%
= 0.52 100%
= 52 %
Packing efficiency = 52 %
I.
Body Centered Cubic : More Examples
1.
No. of Atoms Per Unit Cell :

In case of or Bcc structure there are eight corner atoms and each
corner atoms contributed by eight unit cells. Hence the
contribution of corner atoms is 1 (i.e. 8 = 1 ). Moreover there is
one atom per unit cell, present at the centre of body.
No. of atoms per unit cell = 1 + 1 = 2

.
= 2

www.studyleague.com
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
2.
THEROY

For anybody centred atom, the nearest equidistance neighbours
are corner atoms and there are eight corner atoms.
3.
Co-ordination Number = 8
Atomic Radius (r) :

In Bcc, body centred atom touches to the corner atoms and corner
atoms do not touch to each other.
From Fig.
= +
= + ( + )
+ +
=
r =
3a
www.studyleague.com
10
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
4.
For Bcc,
n = 2, r =
APF =
( )
= 0.68
APF = 0.68
5.
Void Space :
Void Space = (1 APF)
= (1 0.68)
= 0.32
Void Space = 0.32
www.studyleague.com
11
THEROY
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
6.
THEROY
Packing efficiency
= APF 100%
= 0.68 100%
= 68 %
Packing efficiency = 68 %
II.
Face Centred Cubic (FCC) :
1.
No. of Atoms Per Unit Cell of FCC :

In case of FCC, there are eight corner atoms and each corner atom
is shared by eight unit cell. Hence the contribution of corner atoms is 1

And six face centered atoms and each face centered atom is
shared by two unit cells. Hence the contribution of face centered
atoms is 3
Total number of atoms per unit cell = 1 + 3 = 4
www.studyleague.com
12
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
2.
THEROY

For any corner atom, the nearest neighbours are face centered
atoms.
And there are 4-nearest neighbor in X-plane 4- in Y-plane
and 4- Z- plane.
Hence co-ordination number = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12
3.
Co-ordination number = 12
Atomic Radius (r) :

From, .fig.
= +
() = +
www.studyleague.com
13
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
4.
=
r =
For Fcc,
n = 4, r =
APF =
= 0.74
APF = 0.74
www.studyleague.com
14
THEROY
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
5.
Void Space :
Void Space
= (1 APF)
= (1 0.74)
= 0.26
Void Space
6.
= 0.26
Packing efficiency = APF 100%
= 0.74 100%
= 74 %
Packing efficiency = 74%
www.studyleague.com
15
THEROY
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
. C.N Radius APF

S.C
V.S
P.E
THEROY
Examples
0.52 0.48 52% Polonium

Po
BCC
0.68 0.32 68% Crsium Mo
FCC
12
0.74 0.26 74% NaCl, KCl,
Diamond
www.studyleague.com
16

3.crystal Structure and Thier Characteristic

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

3.crystal Structure and Thier Characteristic

Uploaded by

Copyright:

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

Some Important Definitions:

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

3. Atomic Pacing Factor [APF] or Packing Density :

the atoms of the volume of unit cell.

Where, a = edge of cube

then it is called as packing efficiency.

Packing Efficiency = (APF) 100%

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

And it can be calculated by following formula.

Void Space = (1 APF)

Simple Cubic Structure (S.C) :

Number of atoms per unit cell (n) :

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

Co-ordination Number (CN) :

(i.e in horizontal plane) and two nearest neighbor in vertical

Atomic Radius (r) :

Atomic Radius (r) =

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

Atomic Packing Factor :

Atomic packing Factor =

For simple cubic,

Void Space = 0.48

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

Body Centered Cubic : More Examples

No. of Atoms Per Unit Cell :

contribution of corner atoms is 1 (i.e. 8 = 1 ). Moreover there is

one atom per unit cell, present at the centre of body.

No. of atoms per unit cell = 1 + 1 = 2

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

Co-ordination Number (CN) :

are corner atoms and there are eight corner atoms.

Atomic Radius (r) :

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

Atomic Packing Factor :

Atomic packing Factor =

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

Face Centred Cubic (FCC) :

No. of Atoms Per Unit Cell of FCC :

is shared by eight unit cell. Hence the contribution of corner atoms is 1

Total number of atoms per unit cell = 1 + 3 = 4

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

Co-ordination Number (CN) :

And there are 4-nearest neighbor in X-plane 4- in Y-plane

Atomic Radius (r) :

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

Atomic Packing Factor :

Atomic packing Factor =

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

Packing efficiency = 74%

CRYSTAL SYSTEM &CHARACTERISTICS

. C.N Radius APF

0.52 0.48 52% Polonium

0.68 0.32 68% Crsium Mo

0.74 0.26 74% NaCl, KCl,

You might also like