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Ee2202 Emt QB
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UNIT I
INTRODUCTION
1. Define scalar field?
A field is a system in which a particular physical function has a value at each and
every point in that region. The distribution of a scalar quantity with a defined position in a
space is called scalar field.
Ex: Temperature of atmosphere.
2. Define Vector field?
If a quantity which is specified in a region to defined a field is a vector then the
corresponding field is called vector field.
3. Define scaling of a vector?
This is nothing but, multiplication of a scalar with a vector. Such a multiplication changes
the magnitude of a vector but not the direction.
4. What are co-planar vector?
The vectors which lie in the same plane are called co-planar vectors.
5. What is an identical vector?
Two vectors are said to be identical if there difference is zero. Thus A and B
are
identical if A B 0, i.e, A B . Such two vectors are also called as equal vectors.
6. Define base vectors?
The base vectors are the unit vectors which are strictly oriented along the directions
of the coordinate axes of the given coordinate system.
7. What is a position vector?
Consider a point p(x, y, z) are Cartesian coordinate system. Then the position vector of
point p is represented by the distance of point p from the origin directed from origin to point.
This is also called as radius vector.
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9. Define Divergence.
Divergence is defined as the net outward flow of the flux per unit volume over a
closed incremental surface.
10. State Divergence Theorem.
The integral of the normal component of any vector field over a closed surface is equal to
the integral of the divergence of this vector field throughout the volume enclosed that closed
surface.
11. Define curl of a vector.
The maximum circulation of F per unit area as area tends to zero whose direction is
normal to the surface is called curl of F .
F CurlofF
The line integral of F around a closed path L is equal to the integral of curl of F over the
open surface S enclosed by the closed path L.
Mathematically it is expressed as
F.dL ( F ).dS
L
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26. Which are the surfaces used to define the cylindrical coordinate system?
2+
x +y
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= r [sin + cos ]
2
=r
A.B | A || B | cosABan
A B | A || B | sin ABan
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A.B
cos
| A || B |
2) To find the component of a vector in a given direction.
35. Give the application of cross product.
1) The cross product is used to determine the direction of force.
F IL B
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A
Az
cos sin
sin cos
0Ax
0
A
y
1
A z
A cos cos
Az
sin sin
cos sin
sin
cos
cos Ax
Ay
sin
0 Az
Ax cos
Ay sin
Az
sin 0 Ar
cos 0 A
1 Az
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F x
Fx
ay
y
Fy
az
z
Fz
ra r sin a
rF r sin F
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ar
ra
az
r r
Fr
z
Fz
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48. Given two points A (5, 4, 3) and (2, 3, 4).Find mid point of AB.
x1 x2 y1 y2 z1 z2
,
,
2
2
2
(3.5,3.5,3.5)
= 6ax ay 4az
BA (6) (1) (4) 7.2801
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UNIT II
ELECTROSTATICS
TWO MARKS
1. Define point charge.
A point charge means that electric charge which is separated on a surface or space whose
geometrical dimensions are very very small compared to other dimensions, in which the effect
of electric field to be studied.
2. Define one coulomb.
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One coulomb of charge is defined as the charge possessed by (1/1.602x10 ) i.e 6x10
number of electrons.
3. State Coulombs law.
The coulombs law states that force between the two point charges Q1 and Q2
i) Acts along the line joining the two point charges
ii) is directly proportional to the product of the charges
iii) is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Q1Q2 F
R2
where 0 r
5. Define electric field intensity at a point.
The electric field intensity is defined as force exerted per unit charge.
Q1
E 4 0 R 1 a 1 p
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s =
C/m2 totalareainsq.meters
8. What is an equipotential surface?
An equipotential surface is an imaginary surface in an electric field of a given
charge distribution, in which all points on the surface are at the same electric potential.
9. What is an electric flux?
The total number of lines of force in any particular electric field is called electric flux.
It is represented by the symbol . Similar to the charge, unit of electric flux is also Coulomb.
10. Define electric flux density.
The net flux passing normal through the unit surface area is called electric flux density. It
Q D.ds vdv .
s
1) The Gausss law can be used to find E and D for symmetrical charge distributions.
2) It is used to find the charge enclosed or the flux passing through the closed surface.
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V =
0. x
v
2
y z
1 v
r
1 v v
2
r r r r z
0.
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1
2
r r
r r sin
1 v
(sin
r sin
0.
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UNIT III
MAGNETOSTATICS
1. Define Magnetic flux density.
The total magnetic lines of force i.e. magnetic flux crossing a unit area in a plane at right
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angles to the direction of flux is called magnetic flux density. It is denoted as B .Unit Wb/m .
2. State Amperes circuital law.
The line integral of magnetic field intensity H around a closed path is exactly equal to
the direct current enclosed by that path.
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IdLsin
R2
9. What is Magnetostatics?
The study of steady magnetic field, existing in a given space, produced due to the flow
of direct current through a conductor is called Magnetostatics.
10. What is Magnetic Field?
The region around a magnet within which influence of the magnet can be experienced is
called Magnetic Field.
11. What are Magnetic Lines of Force?
The existence of Magnetic Field can be experienced with the help of compass field.
Such a field is represented by imaginary lines around the magnet which are called Magnetic
Lines of Force.
12. Give the relation between Magnetic flux and Flux density.
The relation between Magnetic flux and flux density is obtained through the property
of medium and permeability . This is given by,
B H .
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wm
v0
H .
12
2 12
H.
I1
MMF R.
em
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F Fe F m N .
20. Define Moment of force.
The Moment of a force or torque about a specified point is defined as the vector product
of the moment arm R and the force F . It is measured in Nm.
T R FNm .
21. Define Magnetic dipole moment.
The Magnetic dipole moment of a current loop is defined as the product of
current through the loop and the area of the loop, directed normal to the current loop.
22. Give any two dissimilarities between electric and magnetic circuits.
1) In electric circuit the current actually flows i.e. there is a movement of electrons
whereas in magnetic circuit, due to m.m.f, flux gets established and doesnt flow in the sense in
which current flows.
2) The electric lines of flux are not closed. They start from positive charge and end on
negative charge and the magnetic lines of flux are closed lines.
23. Define current density.
Current density is defined as the current per unit area.
J= I/A Amp/m2
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UNIT IV
ELECTRODYNAMIC FIELDS
1. State Amperes Circuital law.
The line integral of magnetic field intensity H around a closed path is exactly equal to the
direct current enclosed by that path.
The mathematical representation is
H.dL I .
2.Write Maxwells equation derived from Amperes Circuital law in differential form.
xH J
D
t
3. Write Maxwells equation derived from Amperes Circuital law in differential form.
D
H .dL J t .dS
4.State Maxwell equation I.
The MMF around a closed path is equal to the sum of the conduction current and
displacement current enclosed by the path.
5.Define Faradays Law.
Faradays law can be stated as,
e N
d
dt Volts
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E.dL t .dS
8.State Maxwells Equation II.
The EMF around a closed path is equal to the magnetic displacement(flux density) through that
closed path.
9.Define Electric Gauss law.
It states that electric flux through any closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed by
the surface.
10. Write Maxwells equation derived from Electric Gauss law in integral form.
D.dS .dV
11. Write Maxwells equation derived from Electric Gauss law in differential form.
.D
12. State Maxwells Equation III.
The total electric displacement through the surface enclosing a volume is equal to the total
charge within the volume.
13.Define Magnetic Gauss law.
It states that the total magnetic flux through any closed surface is equal to zero.
14.Write Maxwells equation derived from Magnetic Gauss law in integral form.
B.dS 0
15. Write Maxwells equation derived from Magnetic Gauss law in differential form.
.B 0
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xE
D
t
.D
.B 0
20. Write down the Maxwells Equation in integral form.
D
H .dL J t .dS
B
E.dL t .dS
D.dS .dV
B.dS 0
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21.Write down the Maxwells Equations for free space in point form.
xH
xE
.D
.B 0
22.Write down the Maxwells Equations for free space in integral form.
D
H .dL
.dS
t
B
E.dL t .dS
D.dS .dV
B.dS 0
23.Write down the Maxwells Equations in point phasor form.
xH ( j )E
xE jH
.D
.B 0
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H.dL ( j )E.dS
E.dL jH.dS
D.dS .dV
B.dS 0
25.Define conduction current density.
The conduction current current per unit area is known as conduction current density.
26.What is displacement flux density?
The electric displacement per unit area is known as electric displacement flux density or electric
flux density.
27.State poynting Theorem.
The net power flowing out of a given volume is equal to the time rate of decrease of the energy
stored within the volume conduction losses.
28.Define pointing Vector.
The poynting vector is defined as rate of flow of energy of a wave as it propagates.
P=ExH
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UNIT V
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
1. Define a wave.
If a physical phenomenon that occurs at one place at a given time is reproduced
at other places at later times , the time delay being proportional to the space separation
from the first location then the group of phenomena constitutes a wave.
2. Mention the properties of uniform plane wave.
i) At every point in space ,the electric field E and magnetic field H are perpendicular to
each other.
ii)The fields vary harmonically with time and at the same frequency everywhere in
space. 3.Define intrinsic impedance or characteristic impedance.
It is the ratio of electric field to magnetic field. or It is the ratio of square root
of permeability to permittivity of medium.
4.Define propagation constant.
Propagation constant is a complex number
j
where is propagation constant
5.Define skin depth
It is defined as that depth in which the wave has been attenuated to 1/e
or approximately 37% of its original value.
6.Define Poynting vector.
The pointing vector is defined as rate of flow of energy of a wave as it
propagates. P =E X H
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1
.
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The ratio of amplitudes of EandH of the waves in either direction is called intrinsic
impedance of the material in which wave is travelling. It is denoted by .
18. Why dielectric medium is lossless dielectric.
For perfect dielectric medium, both the fields EandH are in phase. Hence there is no
attenuation .Hence there is no loss.
19. What is mean by lossy dielectric?
The presence of attenuation indicates there is a loss in the medium. Hence such medium
is called as lossy dielectric.
20. What is mean by skin depth?
The distance through which the amplitude of the travelling wave decreases to 37% of
the original amplitude is called skin depth or depth of penetration.
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1s m ax
E
1s m in
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QUESTION BANK
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTION
1. What are the different types of Coordinate systems? Explain any one of them.
2. Define Divergence Theorem and Prove the Theorem.
3. Define Stokes Theorem and Prove the Theorem.
4. Explain briefly about the Sources and effects of electromagnetic fields.
4
is solenoid .
ii) Show that the Vector 2xy a x +(x +2yz) a y +(y +1) a z is irrotational.
6 i) Prove that .xH 0
ii) Prove that xV 0
2
ELECTROSTATICS
1. Derive the expression for electric field intensity due to infinite line charge.
2. Derive the expression for electric field intensity due to infinite charge.
3. Derive the expression for electric field intensity due to infinite circular ring of
charge.
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MAGNETOSTATICS
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ELECTRODYNAMIC FIELDS
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
1. Derive the electromagnetic wave equation for electric fields and magnetic fields.
2. Explain the Wave propagation in Lossy medium.
3. Explain the Wave propagation in Lossless medium.
4. State and prove Poynting theorem.
5. Define Brewster angle and derive its expression.
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6. Obtain the expression for the reflection co-efficient and transmission coefficient
for a wave normally incident on the surface of the dielectric.
7. Find the skin depth at a frequency of 2MHz in aluminum where
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