Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Modul Bahasa Inggris Sma N Solok
Modul Bahasa Inggris Sma N Solok
OF
GENRE
For
SENIOR HIGH SCHOLL STUDENTS
Disusun oleh
Drs. NOFRI ANTEN. M.Pd
GURU BAHASA INGGRIS SMA 4 SOLOK
DAFTAR ISI
I.
Understanding Types of Text......................................................5
1.
Analytical Exposition Text..........................................................5
What is Analytical Exposition?......................................................................5
Example of Analytical Exposition..................................................................6
A.
Is Smoking Good for Us?......................................................................6
B.
Opportunity in the Global Financial Crisis............................................7
C.
Laptop as Students' Friend..................................................................7
D.
Career in Translation............................................................................ 8
E.
Writing is a Great for Money Online.....................................................9
2.
Anecdote Text...........................................................................9
What is Anecdote?...................................................................................... 10
Example of Anecdote..................................................................................10
A.
Blessing behind Tragedy....................................................................10
3.
Description Text......................................................................12
What is Descriptive Text?............................................................................ 12
Example of Description............................................................................... 13
A.
My Friend's New Shoes.......................................................................13
B.
Borobudur Temple..............................................................................13
4.
Narrative Text.........................................................................14
What is Narrative?....................................................................................... 14
Example of Narative.................................................................................... 15
A.
Queen of Arabia and Three Sheiks.....................................................15
B.
The Smartest Parrot...........................................................................16
C.
The Legend of Toba Lake....................................................................17
D.
Cinderella 1........................................................................................ 18
E.
The Smartest Animal..........................................................................19
5.
Procedure Text........................................................................20
What is Procedure?..................................................................................... 20
Example of Procedure................................................................................. 21
A.
Planting Chilies..................................................................................21
B.
Writing For Business...........................................................................21
C.
How to Make a Cheese Omelet..........................................................22
6.
News Item Text........................................................................22
What is News Item?..................................................................................... 22
Example of Procedure................................................................................. 23
A.
Malaysian Women Suggested to Carry Condoms...............................23
B.
Indonesian Maid in HK Court after Having Sex...................................24
C.
Indonesian Maid beheaded................................................................25
7.
Discussion Text.......................................................................25
What is Discussion?.................................................................................... 25
Example of Discussion Text.........................................................................26
A.
Example of Discussion Text on Nuclear Power...................................26
B.
Hunting Fox........................................................................................ 28
8.
Explanation Text......................................................................28
What is Explanation?................................................................................... 28
Example of Explanation Text.......................................................................29
SMA Students Modul of English
A.
Tsunami.............................................................................................. 29
B.
How Day and Night Happen...............................................................29
C.
Why Summer Daylight is Longger than Winter Daylight....................30
9.
Hortatory Exposition Text........................................................30
What is Hortatory Exposition?.....................................................................30
Example of Hortatory Exposition.................................................................31
A.
Watch your Kids While Watching TV...................................................31
B.
More Dust Bins is Cleaner; example of hortatory...............................32
C.
Where should be after High School?; a hortatory text.......................33
D.
Millions from Property Market; a hortatory exposition text................34
10.
Report Text.............................................................................34
What is Report?........................................................................................... 34
Example of Report Text............................................................................... 35
A.
Platypus; a report text.......................................................................35
11.
Spoof Text...............................................................................36
What is Spoof?............................................................................................ 36
Example of Spoof text................................................................................. 37
A.
That Phone is Off............................................................................ 37
B.
Saved by Stilts................................................................................... 38
C.
Private Conversation..........................................................................39
D.
Nasreddins Coat................................................................................ 39
E.
Penguin in the Park............................................................................ 40
12.
Recount Text...........................................................................41
What is Recount?........................................................................................ 41
Example of Recount text............................................................................. 41
A.
Vacation to London............................................................................ 41
B.
Between Recount and Narrative........................................................42
C.
Visiting Bali........................................................................................ 42
D.
My Horrible Experience......................................................................43
E.
My Grandpas Funeral in Toraja..........................................................44
13.
Review Text.............................................................................45
Example of Review text............................................................................... 46
A.
Zenni Optical; a site for eyeglasses...................................................46
B.
Good Translation................................................................................ 47
C.
Recording Mommy Journey................................................................47
D.
Good Young Mother............................................................................ 48
E.
Recommended Software Applications................................................48
14.
Similarities and differenties.....................................................48
A.
The Differences between Report and Descriptive Text.......................48
B.
Between Explanation and Procedure Text..........................................49
C.
Between Recount and Narrative........................................................49
D.
Between Explanation and Procedure Text..........................................50
15.
A Complete Overview Of Tex Types...........................................50
16.
Bentuk Soal Reading...............................................................54
II.
FUNCTIONAL SKILL..................................................................56
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
III.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
I.
Thesis
Argument
s
Reiteratio
n
10
Crisis
Incident
Coda
Example of Anecdote
Krisis (Crisis)
Tindakan (Incident)
Koda (Coda)
(c) Ciri Kebahasaan: Menggunakan:
seruan/kata seru, pertanyaan retorik
dan kata-kata seperti Listen to this!
And do you know what? Its awful,
isnt it? dsb.
action verbs, misalnya go, write,
dsb.
11
The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because
of the bitten son by a dog, they were left behind. When the father
heard the news, he hugged the son and thanked him for saving
the family. He thanked God for saving their lives. It was a blessing
behind a tragedy. (Adapted from Look Ahead 2)
Generic Structure Analysis
Abstract: Everybody has a dream. You have and so do I. When the
dream will come true, there is something wrong last minute before
it. What will we feel? What will we do?
Orientation: the Clak family lived in Scotland. They had dream to
travel to America. They prepared well for their plan
Crisis: few days before they went to America, his youngest son was
bitten by a dog. It made they were being quarantined. They had to
forget their plan.
Incident: the family was full of disappointment and anger. The
father was angry with his son and God. The family failed to travel to
America and the father could not accept it.
Coda: the father thank to his son when he hear the ship sank. He
thank to God because of saving the family from sinking. He thought
leaving behind the ship was not a tragedy but a blessing.
3. Description Text
What is Descriptive Text?
1. The Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text
Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like.
Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or
thing.
2. The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text
Descriptive text has structure as below:
Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.
Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and
characteristics.
3. The Language Feature of Descriptive Text
Using attributive and identifying process.
Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group.
Using simple present tense
4. Examples and structures of the text
Identificati
on
MacQuarie University
Macquarie University is one of the largest universities
in Australia. This year, in 2004, it celebrates its 40 th
12
anniversary.
Description
The university is located at the North Ryde Greenbelt,
Sydney, where the New South Wales government sets
aside 135 hectares for the institution. In 1964, Macquarie
area was a rural retreat on the city fringe, but today the
campus and its surroundings have evolved beyond
recognition. The North Ryde District has grown into a
district of intensive occupation anchored by a vibrant and
growing university.
Blessed with a fortunate location and room to breathe,
Macquarie can be proud of that careful planning that
retains and enrich the universitys most attractive natural
features. A pleasing balance between buildings and
plating is evident across the campus. This emphasis on
the importance of landscape has created images of
Macquarie as a place that members of the university are
most likely to pleasurably recollect.
One of the highlights of the landscape is the Mars
Creek zone. It comprises landscaped creek sides and
valley floor, a grass amphitheatre, and artificial lake
surrounded by rocks and pebbles, native plants and
eucalypts.
Today, a railway station is under construction. In three
years1 time, Macquarie will be the only university in
Australia with a railway station on site. Macquarie is
poised to be the most readily accessible in Sydney region
by rail and motorway, yet retaining its beautiful site.
Example of Description
A. My Friend's New Shoes
I have a close Friend. She is beautiful, attractive and trendy.
She always want to be a trend setter of the day. She always pays
much attention on her appearance. Recently, she bought a new
stylist foot legs from blowfish shoes products. This shoes really
matches on her.
Her new blowfish women's shoes are wonderful. When she
are walking on that shoes, all her friends, including me watch and
admire that she has the most suitable shoes on her physical
appearance. The style, bright color, and brand represent her as a
smart woman of the day. She really have perfect appearance.
She is really mad on that shoes. She said that the products
covered all genders. The blowfish men's shoes are as elegant as
she has. The products provide varieties of choice. Ballet, casual,
boot athletic shoes are designed in attractive way. The products
are international trader mark and become the hottest trend.
SMA Students Modul of English
13
B. Borobudur Temple
Borobudur is Hindu - Budhist temple. It was build in the
nineth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram
kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java,
Indonesia.
Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is
influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is
constructed on a hill 46 m high and consist of eight step like
stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and surrounded by
walls adorned with Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three
are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The
entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the centre at the
centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through
some 4.8 km of passage and starways. The design of borobudur
which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at
Angkor, Cambodia.
Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian
monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.
Generic Structure Analysis
Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described in
general; Borobudur temple
Description; describing the Borobudur temple in parts; eight
terraces of Borobudur temple and its characteristics
Language Feature Analysis
Using adjective and classifiers; valuable
Using simple present tense; Borobudur is well-known,The temple
is constructed, etc
14
Small Notes
Description (Deskripsi)
Ciri Umum:
(a)Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Mendeskripsikan ciri-ciri seseorang,
benda atau tempat tertentu secara
spesifik.
(b)Struktur Teks/Generic structure
Identification; Identifikasi tentang
topik yang akan dideskripsikan,
Misalnya: I have many pets, but
my favourite one is a cat.
Description; berisi deskripsi
tentang bagian-bagiannya.
Misalnya tampilan fisik (physical
appearance), kualitas, perilaku
umum, sifat-sifat (characteristic).
(c)Ciri Kebahasaan:
Menggunakan:
nouns tertentu, misalnya teacher,
house,my cat, dsb.
simple present tense.
detailed noun phrase untuk
memberikan informasi tentang
subjek, misalnya It was a large
open rowboat, a sweet young lady,
dsb.
berbagai macam adjectives, yang
bersifat describing, numbering,
classifying, misalnya, two strong
legs, sharp white fangs, dsb.
4. Narrative Text
What is Narrative?
1. Definition of Narrative
Narrative is a text focusing specific
participants. Its social function is to tell
stories or past events and entertain the
readers.
2. Generic Structure of Narrative
A narrative text consists of the following
structure:
1. Orientation: Introducing the
participants and informing the time
and the place
2. Complication: Describing the rising
crises which the participants have to
do with
3. Resolution: Showing the way of
participant to solve the crises, better
or worse
3. Language Features of Narrative
Using processes verbs
Using temporal conjunction
Using Simple Past Tense
4. Examples and structures of the text
Snow White
15
Resolution 2
Example of Narative
A. Queen of Arabia and Three Sheiks
Maura, who like to be thought of as the most beautiful and powerful
queen of Arabia, had many suitors. One by one she discarded them,
until her list was reduced to just three sheiks. The three sheiks were all
equally young and handsome. They were also rich and strong. It was
very hard to decide who would be the best of them.
One evening, Maura disguised herself and went to the camp of the
three sheiks. As they were about to have dinner, Maura asked them for
something to eat. The first gave her some left over food. The second
Sheik gave her some unappetizing camels tail. The third sheik, who was
called Hakim, offered her some of the most tender and tasty meat. After
dinner, the disguised queen left the sheiks camp.
The following day, the queen invited the three sheiks to dinner at
her palace. She ordered her servant to give each one exactly what they
had given her the evening before. Hakim, who received a plate of
delicious meat, refused to eat it if the other two sheiks could not share it
with him.
This Sheik Hakims act finally convinced Queen Maura that he was
the man for her. Without question, Hakim is the most generous of you
she announced her choice to the sheiks. So it is Hakim I will marry.
Narrative Complication in Generic Structure
As it is said many times that, the heart of narrative text is the
existence of the complication. It will drive the plot of the story to
keep amusing. The existence of conflict inside the Queen Maura
is what builds the story keep running. The psychological conflict
inside Maura, which she strikes against herself, is arousing the
readers attention to continue reading the story. They want to
know what next will happen, who will be chosen by Queen Maura;
in what way she will decide who the best is. Keeping knowing
16
Small Notes
Resolution; Penyelesaian
masalah.
17
for my meal. Next it will be your turn, I will eat you too, stupid parrot.
After that he left the chicken house.
The next day, the man came back to the chicken house. He opened
the door and was very surprised. He could not believe what he saw at
the chicken house. There were three death chickens on the floor. At the
moment, the parrot was standing proudly and screaming at the last old
chicken; Say Catano or Ill kill you.
Analysis the Generic Structure
Orientation: It sets the scene and introduces the
participants/characters. In that parrot story, the first paragraph is
the orientation where reader finds time and place set up and also
the participant as the background of the story. A man and his
parrot took place once time.
Complication: It explores the conflict in the story. It will show
the crisis, rising crisis and climax of the story. In the parrot story,
paragraph 2, 3, 4 are describing the complication. Readers will
find that the man face a problem of why the parrot can not say
Catano. To fix this problem, the man attempted to teach the bird.
How hard he tried to teach the bird is the excitement element of
the complication.
Resolution: It shows the situation which the problems have
been resolved. It must be our note that resolved means
accomplished whether succeed or fail. In the last paragraph of
the smartest parrot story, readers see the problem is finished.
The parrot could talk the word which the man wanted. The parrot
said the word with higher degree than the man taught the word
to it. That was the smartest parrot.
C. The Legend of Toba Lake
Once upon time, there was a handsome man. His name was Batara
Guru Sahala. He liked fishing. One day, he caught a fish. He was
surprised to find out that the fish could talk. The fish begged him to set
it free.
Batara Guru could not bear it. He made the fish free. As soon as it
was free, the fish changed into a very beautiful woman. She attracted
Batara Guru so much. He felt in love with that fish-woman. The woman
wanted to marry with him and said that Batara Guru had to keep the
secret which she had been a fish. Batara Guru aggreed and promised
that he would never tell anybody about it.
They were married happily. They had two daughters. One day
Batara Guru got very angry with his daughter. He could not control his
mad. He shouted angrily and got the word of fish to his daugters. The
daughters were crying. They found their mother and talked her about it.
SMA Students Modul of English
18
The mother was very annoyed. Batara Guru broke his promise. The
mother was shouting angrily. Then the earth began to shake. Volcanoes
started to erupt. The earth formed a very big hole. People believed that
the big hole became a lake. Then this lake is known as Toba Lake.
D. Cinderella 1
Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella. She
lived with her step mother and two step sisters.
The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad tempered.
They treated Cinderella very badly. Her step mother made Cinderella do
the hardest works in the house; such as scrubbing the floor, cleaning
the pot and pan and preparing the food for the family. The two step
sisters, on the other hand, did not work about the house. Their mother
gave them many handsome dresses to wear.
One day, the two step sister received an invitation to the ball that
the kings son was going to give at the palace. They were excited about
this and spent so much time choosing the dresses they would wear. At
last, the day of the ball came, and away went the sisters to it. Cinderella
could not help crying after they had left.
Why are crying, Cinderella? a voice asked. She looked up and saw
her fairy godmother standing beside her, because I want so much to go
to the ball said Cinderella. Well said the godmother,youve been
such a cheerful, hardworking, uncomplaining girl that I am going to see
that you do go to the ball.
Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a fine coach
and mice into a coachman and two footmen. Her godmother tapped
Cinderellas raged dress with her wand, and it became a beautiful ball
gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass slippers. Now,
Cinderella, she said; You must leave before midnight. Then away she
drove
in
her
beautiful
coach.
Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She danced again and
again with the kings son. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve,
she ran toward the door as quickly as she could. In her hurry, one of her
glass slipper was left behind.
A few days later, the king son proclaimed that he would marry the
girl whose feet fitted the glass slipper. Her step sisters tried on the
slipper but it was too small for them, no matter how hard they squeezed
their toes into it. In the end, the kings page let Cinderella try on the
slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the slipper on. It
fitted perfectly.
Finally, she was driven to the palace. The kings son was overjoyed
to see her again. They were married and live happily ever after.
Notes on Generic Structure
Orientation: They were Cinderella her self as the main character
of the story, her step mother which treated Cinderella badly, and
SMA Students Modul of English
19
20
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
Using
5. Procedure Text
What is Procedure?
1. Definition of Procedure
Procedure is a text that shows a process in order. Its social function is
to describe how something is completely done through a sequence of
series
2. Generic Structure of Procedure
1. Goal: showing the purpose
2. Material: Telling the needed materials
3. Step 1-end: Describing the steps to achieve the purpose
3. Language Feature of Procedure
Using temporal conjunction
Using action verb
Using imperative sentence
Using Simple Present Tense
4. Examples and structures of the text
Tujuan
(Goal)
Bahan
(Material)
Langkahlangkah
(Step)
21
10.
Example of Procedure
A. Planting Chilies
Planting is a nice activity in our spare time. The
following is guided information on how to plant a
chili-plant easily. Here are the steps.
Firstly, dry a handful seeding under the sunlight
Secondly, put the seeding on the soil. It should
be in open area
Next, wait it. There will come out the sprout
after that let it be bigger.
Finally, put it in another big pot. It will soon grow
bigger and bigger and yield us some fresh chilies
soon.
Generic Structure Analysis
Goal; informing on how to plant chillies.
Material; excluded
Steps; showing the steps or method in
planting chillies; from drying seed to putting
the sprout in big pot.
Language Feature Analysis
Imperative sentences; dry a handful seeding,
put it, etc
Action verb; put, dry, etc
Temporal conjunction; next, finally, firstly,
secondly
Simple present tense pattern; planting is a
nice activity, the following is a guided
information
Small Notes
Procedure (Prosedur)
Ciri Umum:
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Memberi petunjuk tentang cara
melakukan sesuatu melalui
serangkaian tindakan atau
langkah.
(b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure
Aim/Goal; Tujuan kegiatan
Materials; Bahan-bahan
Note: Materials are
not required for all
Procedure text
Steps; Langkah-langkah.
(c) Ciri Kebahasaan:
Menggunakan:
pola kalimat imperative,
misalnya, Cut, Dont mix,
dsb.
action verbs, misalnya turn,
put, dont, mix, dsb.
connectives untuk
mengurutkan kegiatan,
misalnya then, while, dsb.
adverbials untuk
menyatakan rinci waktu,
tempat, cara yang akurat,
misalnya for five minutes, 2
centimetres from the top,
22
Thirdly, lose the weak words. Don't describe how your company
may, might or should help customers but talk about how your company
will.
Fourthly, Use a nice rhythm. Some sentences are long and some are
short. Mix them up and keep things interesting.
Fifthly,re-read what you've done before publishing. Edit it necesarily.
It's so easy to make mistakes which you don't notice the first time
through.
Simplified from: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Daniel_F_O'connor
23
News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day.
The events are considered newsworthy or important.
2. Generic Structure of News Item
1. Main event
2. Elaboration (background, participant, time, place)
3. Resource of information
3. Language Feature of News Item
1. Focusing on circumstances
2. Using material process
4. Examples and structures of the text
Town Contaminated
Newsworthy
events
Background
Events
Sumber
Informasi
Sources
Example of Procedure
A. Malaysian Women Suggested to Carry Condoms
Malaysian Deputy Health Ministry urged every woman to carry a
condom to protect against HIV, a news report said.
This is not to debate them but to protect them. Women are the
first ones to get exploited by their partners (whom are infected by HIVpositive) Abdul Latiff Ahmad was quoted as saying by Sunday Star
Newspaper. But this just a suggestion, its up to them.
SMA Students Modul of English
24
Small Notes
News Item (Berita)
Ciri Umum:
(a)Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Memberitakan
kepada
pembaca,
pendengar
atau penonton tentang
peristiwa-peristiwa atau
kejadian-kejadian
yang
dipandang penting atau
layak diberitakan.
(b)Struktur Teks/Generic
structure
Newsworthy events;
Kejadian inti.
Background Events;
Latar belakang
kejadian, orang yang
terlibat, tempat
kejadian dsb.
Sources; komentar
saksi kejadian,
pendapat para ahli,
dsb.
(c)Ciri Kebahasaan:
25
Then the maid was arrested. She pleaded guilty to five charges of
committing an indecent act with underage partner. She will be
sentenced in two weeks time.
She later apologized and said that she would live with the shame of
what she had done for the rest of life. She had acted out of loneliness
the maids lawyer said.
(Adapted from Reuters, Hong Kong, May 6, 2008)
26
1. Definition of Discussion
Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This
problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is
commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.
2. Generic Structure of Discussion
Statement of issue; stating the issue which is to discussed
List of supporting points; presenting the point in in supporting the
presented issue
List of contrastive point; presenting other points which disagree to
the supporting point
Recommendation; stating the writer' recommendation of the
discourse
3. Language Feature of Discussion
Introducing category or generic participant
Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc
Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on
the hand, however, etc
Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc
4. Examples and structures of the text
Homework
Issue
Statemen
t of issue
and
Preview
Statemen
t of
various
viewpoint
s
27
It is reliable.
Small Notes
Discussion (Pembahasan)
Ciri Umum:
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Mengetengahkan suatu masalah
(isu) yang ditinjau paling tidak
dari 2 (dua) sudut pandang,
sebelum sampai pada suatu
kesimpulan atau rekomendasi.
(b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure
Isu;(statement of issue and
Preview)
Pendapat yang mendukung:
Gagasan Pokok 1,
Elaborasi (uraian),
Gagasan Pokok 2,
Elaborasi (uraian).
Elaborasi (uraian),
Kesimpulan.(conclusion or
recomendation)
(c) Ciri Kebahasaan:
Menggunakan:
general nouns untuk menyatakan
kategori, misalnya uniforms,
alcohol, dsb,
relating verbs untuk memberi
informasi tentang isu yang
didiskusikan, misalnya smoking is
harmful, dsb.
thinking verbs untuk
mengungkapkan pandangan
pribadi penulis, misalnya feel,
believe, hope, dsb.
additives, contrastives dan causal
connectives untuk
menghubungkan argumen,
misalnya similarly, on the hand,
however, dsb.
detailed noun groups untuk
memberikan informasi secara
padu, misalnya the dumping of
unwanted kittens, dsb.
modalities, seperti perhaps, must,
should, should have been, could
be, dsb.
28
adverbials of maner, misalnya
deliberately, hopefully, dsb.
This example of discussion text present the two poles, between the
advantage and disadvantage of using nuclear plant to fulfill the
energy needed. It is a case which need to be talked and discussed
from two points. They are represented in the generic structure
which is used:
Stating the Issue: In the first paragraph, it is stated that using
nuclear power can be the choice in fulfilling the needed energy.
Supporting Point: In the second paragraph, it is presented the
advantages of nuclear power plant to be used as the source of the
world's energy needed
Contrastive Point: The third paragraph shows the balance. It
gives the contradictory idea in using nuclear power plant as the
resource of energy.
Recommendation: This text is ended with a similar
recommendation on how people should concern in the matter of
nuclear energy.
B. Hunting Fox
Foxhunting is a subject that provokes very strong feelings. Many
people believe that it is cruel to hunt a fox with dogs and totally agree
with its ban.
Many farmer and even conservationists, however, have always
argue that the fox is a pest which attacks livestock and must be
controlled.
(Taken from: www.bbc.co.uk)
29
3. Language Feature
A sequenced
Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out
explanation and then the logs are taken to the mill.
of
why or how
something
occurs
Closing
30
Small Notes
Explanation Text
Ciri Umum:
Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Menerangkan proses-proses
yang terjadi dalam
pembentukan atau kegiatan
yang terkait dengan fenomena
alam, dunia ilmiah, sosialbudaya, atau lainnya yang
bertujuan menjelaskan.
Struktur Teks/Generic structure
A general statement;
Penjelasan umum
A sequenced explanation of
why or how something occurs;
Penjelasan proses
Penutup.
Ciri Kebahasaan:
Menggunakan;
action verbs;
passive voice;
adverbial phrases;
complex sentences;
bahasa teksni;
kalimat pasif
31
case. It is the tilt of the earth that determine the amount of daylight
that we get and so the length of time that for us the sun is above the
horizon.
(Taken from: www.ictteachers.co.uk)
Arguments
32
Structure of this
Hortatory
33
34
along of the corridors. Probably one dust bin should be in every ten
meters. So when students want to throw away their litters, they can find
the dust bins easily.
When school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, students do not
have problem of discomfort any more. So provide more dust bins and
school will be very clean and become a very nice place to study.
C. Where should be after High School?; a hortatory text
35
D. Millions
Small Notes
Hortatory Exposition
(eksposisi hortatory)
Ciri Umum:
(a)
Tujuan Komunikatif Teks
(Communicative Purpose)
Memaparkan dan
mempengaruhi audience
(pendengar/pembaca) bahwa
seharusnya demikian atau
tidak demikian .
(b)
Struktur Teks/Generic
structure
Thesis; Pernyataan isu yang
dipersoalkan
Arguments: berupa alasan
mengapa ada keprihatinan,
dan mengarah ke
rekomendasi
Recomendation: pernyataan
tentang bagaimana
seharusnya atau tidak
seharusnya
(c)
Ciri kebahasaan
menggunakan:
Abstrac nouns,misalnya
policy,government dsb.
10.
Report Text
What is Report?
1. Definition of Report
Report is a text which presents
information about something, as it is. It
is as a result of systematic observation
and analysis
2. Generic Structure of Report
1. General classification: Stating
classification of general aspect of
thing; animal, public place, plant,
etc which will be discussed in
general
2. Description: Describing the thing
which will be discussed in detail;
36
part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for
materials
3. Language Feature of Report
Introducing group or general aspect
Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
Using simple present tense
4. Examples and structures of the text
THE PELICAN REPORT
General
Clasification
one
of
the
most
Description
Many people call platypus duckbill because this animal has a bill
like duckbill. Platypus is a native Tasmania and southern and eastern
Australia.
Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45
cm and covered with a thick, and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is detecting
prey and stirring up mud. Platypus' eyes and head are small. It has no
ears but has ability to sense sound and light.
Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and lakes. Female platypus usually
dig burrows in the streams or river banks. The burrows are blocked with
soil to protect it from intruders and flooding. In the other hand, male
platypus does not need any burrow to stay.
Analyzing on the Text
SMA Students Modul of English
37
action verbs dalam mejelaskan perilaku, misalnya lizards cannot fly, dsb.
present tense untuk menyatakan suatu yang umum, misalnya Komodo dragons
usually weight more than 160 kg, dsb.
38
11.
Spoof Text
What is Spoof?
1. Definition and Social Function of Spoof
Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time
with unpredictable and funny ending. Its social function is to
entertain and share the story.
2. Generic Structure of Spoof
1. Orientation
2. Events
3. Twist
3. Language Feature of Spoof
1. Focusing on people, animals or certain things
2. Using action verb; ate, ran, etc
3. Using adverb of time and place
4. Told in chronological order
4. Examples and structures of the text
Penguin In The Park
Pengenalan
Kejadian/peristiw
He took him to a policeman and said, I have
a/ kegiatan 1
just found this penguin. What should I do? The
policeman replied, take him to the zoo.
Kejadian/peristiw
The next day the policeman saw the same
a/ kegiatan 2
man in the same park and the man was still
carrying the penguin with him. The policeman
was rather surprised and walked up to the man and
asked, Why are you still carrying that penguin
about? Didnt you take it to the zoo?
I certainly did, replied the man.
Twist (Akhir yang
and it was a great idea because he really
lucu)
enjoyed it, so today Im taking him to the moviest!
Example of Spoof text
A. That Phone is Off
Soon after he left college, Dave found one of his uncles who was
very rich and had no children of his own died and left him a lot of
money, so he decided to set up his own real estate agency.
SMA Students Modul of English
39
Small Notes
Spoof (Laporan kejadian
atau peristiwa lucu)
Ciri Umum:
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Menceritakan kejadian, peristiwa
aneh atau lucu berdasarkan
kejadian atau peristiwa dalam
kehidupan nyata yang bertujuan
menghibur, yang biasa diakhiri
dengan sesuatu yang tidak
diharapkan (twist).
(b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure
Pengenalan;
Kejadian/peristiwa/kegiatan
1;
Kejadian/peristiwa/kegiatan
2;
Twist (akhir yang tidak
terduga atau lucu).
(c) Ciri Kebahasaan:
Menggunakan keterangan
waktu dan tempat;
40
this country anymore the king said seriously. Then Abu nawas left the
king palace sadly.
The following morning the king ordered his two guards to go to Abu
Nawas house. The guards were very surprised found Abu Nawas still in
his house. He had not left the country yet. Instead leaving the country,
Abu Nawas was swimming in small pool in front of his house. Hey Abu
Nawas, why havent you left this country yet? The king ordered you not
to step on the ground of this country anymore, didnt he? said the
guards. Sure he did answered Abu Nawas calmly. But look at me! Do I
step on the ground of this country? No, I do not step on the ground. I am
swimming on the water continued Abu Nawas.
The guards were not able to argue with Abu Nawas so they left Abu
Nawas house and went back to the palace. The guards reported what
they had seen to the king. The king was curious on Abu Nawas excuse
not to leave the country. Therefore the king ordered his guard to call
Abu Nawas to come to the palace.
Abu Nawas came to the palace on stilts. The king wondered and
said Abu, I will surely punish you because you havent done what I
have said. You have not left this country. The King continued And now,
look at you. You walk on stilts like a child. Are you crazy? The king
pretended to be furious.
I remember exactly what you said, Your Majesty Abu Nawas
answered calmly. This morning I took a bath in the small pool in my
house so that I had not to step on the ground. And since yesterday, I
have been walking on this stilts. So you see, Your Majesty, I do not step
on the ground of this country. The king was not able to say anything.
(Adapted from S. Hariantos Abu Nawas and King Aaron)
41
42
The next day, the policeman saw the man in the same park. The
man was still carrying the penguin. The policeman was rather surprised
and walked up to the man and asked; "Why are you still carrying the
penguin? Didn't you take it to the zoo?" The man replied; "I certainly
did. And it was a great idea because the penguin really enjoyed it. So,
today I am taking it to the movie".
Analyzing the Text
Generic Structure Analysis
Orientation;introducing participants: "He" and Penguin.
They were in the park
Event1; The man tended to take the penguin to the park
Event; The following day, the man were still carrying the
penguin
Twist; Even, finally the man would take the penguin to the
movies
Language Feature Analysis
Focusing on certain certain participants; He, penguin,
policeman
Using action verb; carry, walk up
Using adverb of time and place; once, in the park
Told in chronological order; chronological order by days,
the next day
12.
Recount Text
What is Recount?
1. Definition of Recount
Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its
purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no
complication among the participants and that differentiates from
narrative
2. Generic Structure of Recount
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time
2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past
3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the
writer to the story
3. Language Feature of Recount
Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc
Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc
SMA Students Modul of English
43
44
Small Notes
Recount (Laporan peristiwa,
kejadian atau kegiatan
masa lampau)
Ciri Umum
(a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks:
Melaporkan peristiwa,
kejadian atau kegiatan
dengan tujuan
memberitakan atau
menghibur.
(b) Struktur Teks/Generic
structure
Orientation; Pengenalan,
yaitu memberikan informasi
tentang siapa, di mana dan
kapan;
Events; Rekaman peristiwa,
kejadian atau kegiatan yang
terjadi, yang biasanya
disampaikan dalam urutan
kronologis;
Komentar pribadi dan/atau
ungkapan penilaian;
Reorientation; Pengenalan
ulang yang merangkum
rentetan peristiwa, kejadian
atau kegiatan.
(c) Ciri Kebahasaan:
Menggunakan:
adjectives untuk
menerangkan nouns,
misalnya beautiful, funny,
dsb.
there are many old Dutch houses. Then they returned very late in the
evening to Kuta.
The second tour to Ubud was a very different tour. It was not to see
the scenery but to see the art and the craft of the island. The first stop
was at Batubulan, a center of stone sculpture. There my friend watched
young boys were carving away at big blocks of stone. The next stop was
Celuk, a center for silversmiths and goldensmiths. After that he stopped
a little while for lunch at Sukawati and on to mass. Mass is a tourist
center
My friend ten-day-stay ended very quickly beside his two tour, all
his day was spent on the beach. He went sailing or surfboarding every
day. He was quiet satisfied.
D. My Horrible Experience
Let me remind you my experience during an earthquake last week.
When the earthquake happened, I was on my car. I was driving home
from my vocation to Bali.
Suddenly my car lunched to one side, to the left. I thought I got flat
tire. I did not know that it was an earthquake. I knew it was an
earthquake when I saw some telephone and electricity poles falling
down to the ground, like matchsticks.
Then I saw a lot of rocks tumbling across the road. I was trapped by
the rock. Even I could not move my car at all. There were rocks
everywhere. There was nothing I could do but left the car and walked
along way to my house, in the town.
When I reached my town, I was so surprised that there was almost
nothing left. The earthquake made a lot of damage to my town.
Although nothing was left, I thanked God that nobody was seriously
injured.
Generic Structure Analysis
Orientation; introducing the participant, using first
person point of view, I was on the car las week.
Events; describing a series of event which happened. The
car lunched to one side. Telephone and electricity poles
was falling down, etc.
Re-orientation; stating the writer's personal note.
Thanking God because nobody was seriously injured.
Language Feature Analysis
Using personal participant; I
Using chronological connectives; then, and, suddenly
Using linking verb; was, were
Using action verb; moved, left, walked, made, etc
Using simple past tense pattern; earthquake
happened, I was on the car, my car lunched on one
side, etc
SMA Students Modul of English
46
47
13.
Then,
After that,
Finally,
Review Text
48
2. Using adjectives
3. Using long and complex clauses
4. Using metaphor
4. Examples and structures of the text
Harry Potter: Order of the Phoenix
Pengenalan I absolutely love the Harry Potter series, and all of the
/ Orientasi books will always hold a special place in my heart.
Evaluasi 1
Evaluasi 2
Tafsiran
Order of the Phoenix is a different kind of book. In some
(Interpretati instances this works...you feel a whole new level of
ve recount) intensity and excitement by the time you get to the end. I
was truly moved by the last page. Other times the book
just has a slightly dreary, depressing feel. The galloping
pace of the other books has slowed to a trot here, and
parts of it do seem long, as if we're reading all about
Harry "just hanging out" instead of having his usual
adventures. Reading in detail about Harry cleaning up an
old house, for example - housekeeping is still
housekeeping, magical or no, and I'm not very interested
in doing it or reading about other people doing it.
A few other changes in this book - the "real" world
comes much more in to play rather than the fantasy
universe of the previous books, and Harry has apparently
been taken off his meds. I know that he had a lot to be
grumpy in this book, especially with being a teenager
and all, but the sudden change in his character seemed
too drastic. He goes from being a warm-hearted,
considerate person to someone who will bite his best
friend's heads off over nothing. It just seemed like it
didn't fit with his character, like he turned into a walking
clich of the "angry teen" overnight.
Rangkuman The "real" story seemed to happen in the last 1/3 of the
book, and this part I loved. I actually liked the ending
(and yes, I cried!) as sad as it was. It packed a punch and
it made me care about the story even more. Still a really
good book, with some editing it would have been great.
SMA Students Modul of English
49
B. Good Translation
Translation is transferring not only words by word but also message
to message. In certain case, it will be quite difficult to make translation.
How is to make good Arabic translation from English phrase of as white
as snow meanwhile there is no snow in Arabian?
The basic requirement of a good translator is mastering resource
and target language with all non-linguistic aspect . If he is an English
translator and wants to make Hindi translation, he should understand
well the language and aspect of India. Similarly, if he works with Farsi
translation, he has to be familiar with linguistics and non-linguistics of
Farsian.
However, translation providers can bridge that difficulty. The
translation experts, such as India translation will help to fix the problem.
The experts who have grammatical, lexical, sociolinguistics
specialization will match in transferring the message from one language
to another language.
50
Tafsir;(Interpretive)
It is about a young mother. It has a title
of yummy mummy. This blog is representative
Evaluasi 3;
of her idea of becoming young mother. He
Evaluasi 4, dsb. Jika
pours her thought and opinion on this blog in
ada;
relating her position of a mother of kid and a
Rangkuman.
(Evaluative
wife of a husband. Beside that, she is trying to
Summation)
monetizing it
(c) Ciri Kebahasaan:
This blog has fresh physical appearance.
Terfokus pada
She choose green border of her template. She
partisipan tertentu;
is young therefore she has to have a blog look
Menggunakan:
fresh and energetic. She looks to have strong
adjectives
care to her baby that is why we find her
menunjukkan sikap,
monthly calendar of feeding milk to her baby
seperti bad, good;
attaches on the header of the blog.
klausa panjang dan
She is not only a good mother for her
kompleks;
baby but also a good wife for her husband.
metafor.
She expresses it in her post labeled wedding
anniversary. It is a romantic scene. In the last
she is monetizing this blog. It must help her husband support financially
the family. It is really a reference blog for every young mother and wife.
51
The job application letter's sole purpose is to get the recipient to read your CV. It
should be clear, concise and straight to the point. Here you are simply telling the employer
that you are worth having a look at.
The application letter should be brief, no more than one page in length. It should be
easy to read and flow through. It should include only the absolute necessary information.
Like most other things, there is a formula that works extremely well for preparing job
application letters. Following we discuss each paragraph and give you some guidelines.
52
The main body of the letter should be two to three paragraphs at the most. Here is where
you tell them what you have to offer and why they should read your CV. This is a good
time to read the job advertisement again. In one paragraph (two at the most) you need to
summarise your experience and skills, at the same time, you need to respond to the
position requirements as per the advertisement.
Analyse your career and summarise it in a few sentences, highlight what you specialise in,
or how many years in the industry you might have, or even the level that you have
reached. This paragraph should direct the reader to your CV and should sell you on some
unique points that you might have.
A good way to start this paragraph is with a statement like this: "You will see from my
enclosed CV...." then go ahead and tell them something about your career which will
immediately get their interest.
The next part of the body of the letter should be a brief description of your personal skills.
Again read the advertisement and respond to their needs. If they are asking for someone
with good co-ordination skills, then ensure you mention something to that effect. If it is
communication or perhaps leadership skills they value, then tell them that you have these.
Use adjectives like "demonstrated ability", "well developed", "strong".
You might have to type and edit the letter many times before you are happy with it, but just
remember that the job application letter is just as important as the CV itself. The letter
should invite the recipient to read the resume, in turn the resume should raise enough
SMA Students Modul of English
53
interest for them to want to interview you. The Interview is where you will demonstrate
your skills and abilities.
15.
54
is the best example of the procedure text. It is such word; first boil
water, secondly prepare the cup, and so on.
Explanation, it is commonly used the passive voice in building
the text. Explanation is such a scientific written material. It describes
how certain phenomenon or event happen. How a tornado form, how
tsunami works are the best example of explanation text. It uses
passive pattern in describing the topic.
55
Analytical Exposition
Anecdote
Descriptive
Narrative
Procedure
News Items
Discussion
a) ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Purpose: To reveal the readers
that something is the
important case
Generic Structure:
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Reiteration/Conclusion
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using modals
2. Using action verbs
3. Using thinking verbs
4. Using adverbs
5. Using adjective
6. Using technical terms
SMA Students Modul of English
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Explanation
Hortatory Exposition
Report
Spoof
Recount
Review
56
1. Using exclamations,
rhetorical question or
intensifiers
2. Using material process
3. Using temporal
conjunctions
c) DESCRIPTIVE
Purpose: To explain the
processes involved in the
formation or working of
natural or socio-cultural
phenomena.
Generic Structure:
1. General statement
2. Explanation
3. Closing
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verbs
3. Using passive voice
4. Using noun phrase
5. Using adverbial phrase
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract
noun
8. Using conjunction of time
and cause-effect.
d) NARRATIVE
Purpose: To amuse/entertain
the readers and to tell a story
5. Reorientation
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically arranged
e) PROCEDURE
Purpose: to help readers how
to do or make something
completely
Generic Structure:
1. Goal/Aim
2. Materials/Equipments
3. Steps/Methods
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using Imperatives sentence
3. Using adverb
4. Using technical terms
f) NEWS ITEM
Purpose: to inform readers
about events of the day which
are considered newsworthy or
important
Dominant Generic Structure:
1. Newsworthy event(s)
2. Background event(s)
3. Sources
Dominant Language Features:
1. Orientation
1. Short, telegraphic
information about story
captured in headline
2. Evaluation
3. Complication
Generic Structure:
4. Resolution
SMA Students Modul of English
57
Purpose: to presents
information about something,
as it is.
Generic Structure
1. General classification
2. Description
Dominant Language Feature
1. Introducing group or
general aspect
2. Using conditional logical
connection
3. Using Simple Present Tense
k) SPOOF
Purpose: to tell an event with
a humorous twist and
entertain the readers
Generic Structure:
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Twist
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Chronologically arranged
l) RECOUNT
Purpose: to retell something
that happened in the past and
to tell a series of past event
Generic Structure:
m)
REVIEW
2. Event(s)
Purpose: to critique or
evaluate an art work or event
for a public audience
3. Reorientation
1. Orientation
1. Orientation
2. Evaluation
SMA Students Modul of English
59
3. Interpretative Recount
4. Evaluation
1. Focus on specific
participants
5. Evaluative Summation
2. Using adjectives
17.
60
11.
61
EXERCISES;
a) Analytical exposition
Dust Bin
To improve comfort and cleanliness at our school, a number of dust bins
should be increased.
When we look at classrooms, school corridors and school yard, there are
paper mineral water cups, straws, and napkins here and there. The condition of
uncleanliness and discomfort really hinders learning and teaching environment.
Litters thrown carelessly cause disease, especially empty plastic cup or glasses.
They can be filled out with water coming from the rain. This can be placed for
dengue mosquitoes to spread out. Besides, these rubbish can deteriorate the
scene. Well painted wall and green school yard do not mean anything litters are
scattered everywhere.
Anyway I notice that most of the students in our school have
responsibilities for the school environment. They put their litters on the proper
places. But some are not diligent enough to find the dust bins. The numbers of
dust binds in our schools are not enough. Ore dust bins should be put beside
each of steps, outside of the classrooms, and some more also the corridors.
Probably one dust bin should be in every ten meters. So when students want to
throw away their litters, they can find the dust bins easily.
When school is equipped with sufficient dust bins, we do not have problems
of freak and discomfort any more. Our school will be very clean and become a
nice place to study.
1. What is the writers intention? To
.. readers to do something good.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
inform
explain
describe
entertain
persuade
should be decorated
should be painted
should be placed
are unnecessary
are not required
62
Learning English
Learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix
pleasure with learning when you listen to a song and exploit the song as a means
to your English progress. Some underlying reason can be drawn to support the
idea why we use songs in language learning.
Firstly, the song stuck in my head Phenomenon (the echoing in our minds of
the last song we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc) can be
both enjoyable and sometimes unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to
reinforce the idea that songs work on our short-and-long term memory.
Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot
of repetition, which is just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that
they are effective makes them many times more motivating than other text.
Although usually simple, some songs can be quite complex syntactically, lexically
and poetically, and can be analyzed in the same way as any other literary
sample.
Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose. Most
pop songs and probably many other types dont have precise people, place or
time reference.
In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and encourage
harmony within oneself and within one group. Little wonder they are important
tools in sustaining culture, religion, patriotism and yeas, even revolution.
Last but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs
such as studying grammar, practicing selective listening comprehension,
translating songs, learning vocabulary, spelling and culture.
From the elaboration above, it can be concluded that learning through music
and songs, learning English can be enjoyable and fun.
5. The type of the text above is
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Analytical exposition
Hortatory exposition
Narrative
Discussion
Explanation
Learning songs
Very enjoyable music
The phenomenon
Music listeners
Using songs in language learning
63
6
4
5
3
2
Groups
Learners
People
Songs
Activities
Smoking in Restaurant
Smoking in restaurants is just not on. It must not be allowed because it is
rude, harmful to others and dangerous for the smokers.
Firstly, smoking in a restaurant is impolite. The smell of the smoke affects all
people and can turn them off their food. People pay to taste good food and not to
be put off by foul smelling smoke.
Another reason smoking should not be allowed in restaurant is the harm it can
do to others. Passive smoking that is breathing in smoke made by a smoker can
lead to asthma attacks and even cancer.
Finally, smoking is dangerous and a health risk to the smokers. Cigarettes
cause heart and lung disease and people should not smoke anywhere, not just in
restaurants.
Therefore, smoking in restaurants is impolite, harmful to others and a health
risk to the smokers and should not be allowed in any restaurants.
11.Smoking in the restaurants must be
avoided because
a)
b)
c)
d)
It is harmful to others
It is impolite
Its dangerous to the smokers
It can cause hearth and lung
disease
e) All answers are correct
12.We have many reasons to say that
smoking must be avoided. The
word reasons mean..
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
conclusion
point of view
argument
reinforcement
statement
description
narration
anecdote
procedure
analytical exposition
word
a) rude
64
b)
c)
d)
e)
impolite
health risk
harmful
disease
d) topic sentence
e) supporting details
17.Smoking in restaurant should not be
allowed. It means that..
The
The
The
The
The
description of reading
function of reading
importance of reading
disadvantages of reading
purpose of reading
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
Analytical Exposition
Anecdote
Descriptive
Narrative
Procedure
News Items
Discussion
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
1
2
3
4
5
Explanation
Hortatory Exposition
Report
Spoof
Recount
Review
66
FUNCTIONAL SKILL
1.Offering Help
There are a number of formulas used when offering help in English.
Here are some of the most common:
Shall I ?
- What
Receiving
Yes please, Sure,
Why not,
Ofcourse,
Certainly,
Id love to,
Its a good idea,
Thats great.
Refusing
No, thanks,
Please dont bother,
Id love to but,
Thats great but
Responses
Yes, please.
67
Introducing people
Id like you to meet
(name)
This is my friend/boss/etc
(name)
Have you met(name)?
May I introduce you to
(name/occupation)
Let me introduce you to .
I want to introduce you to .
Hi Jack. I'm Linda
brother, Bob.
sister, Cindy.
father, Mr. Harris.
mother, Mrs. Harris.
teacher, Ms. Watson.
student, Carrie.
friend, Mary Jones.
boss, Mr. Ritter.
co-worker, Penny Pitcher.
my name is...
I'm...
68
afterno
on
evening
sir
madam
Mr Jones
Mrs Smith
69
Expressions
Functions
Greeting someone
Good
morning/afternoon/evening.
(formal)
Hi!/Hello! (informal)
Im fi ne, thanks.
Very well, thanks.
Not so bad, thanks.
See you.
Good bye.
Bye.
See you soon /later /tomorrow.
Exercises:
Cultural Tips
Complete the dialogues below with correct
Meeting and Greeting in
expressions.
Australia
1) Arnys
:
Shake hands with everyone
Ruben
: Very well, thank you. present upon meeting and
2) Ayu
: Good evening.
before leaving.
Denias :
Allow women to offer their
3) Andi
: How are you doing?
hands fi rst.
Retno
:
Women generally do not
4) Adib
: See you tomorrow.
shake
hands
with
other
Virga
:
women.
5) Anita
: Hi!
Marcell :
4.Inviting (mengundang/mengajak)
Here are some phrases and expressions for inviting in English.
Do you want to . . .
Do you wanna . . . (informal)
Would you like to . . . (more polite)
How about (V+ing) ?
How would you like to . . .
lets + V1
Why dont we ?
70
Im sorry I cant
Id like to but
Im afraid I cant
No, lets not.
Receiving
- Id love to
- Id like very much
- Id be happy/glad to
accept
- Yes, Id be delighted to.
- Thats good ide
Polite invitations
Checking someone is not busy
Are you free on Friday?
Are you busy on Friday?
What are you doing on Friday?
Would you like...?
Would you like
Other expressions
I would very much like it if you could come along
Shall I bring a bottle?
Responses
Thank you
Thank you very much
Thanks.
Thank you very much for (kata benda)
Im grateful for(kata benda/noun)
I appreciate it.
71
Exercise
How would you express thanks in the following situations?
a) Someone just gave you a gift for your birthday.
(What do you say?)
Example: "Thank you so much. I really like it!"
Respon
Thank
Thank
you
Thank
Thank
you
you and the same to
you. I need it.
you very much.
Function
Complimenting
Congratulations!
Congratulating
Responding to compliments
and congratulations
Other expression
Expression
Function
Complimenting
What a !
Thats a very nice
I like your
72
Thanks.
Oh, not really.
Its nice of you to say so.
How kind of you to say so.
Responding to compliments
and congratulations
Happy birthday!
Best wishes / Good luck on your thirtieth (age - use an ordinal number)
birthday!
Many happy returns!
Wedding / Anniversary
Congratulations!
Best wishes / good luck on your tenth (number - use an ordinal number)
anniversary!
Here's to many more happy years together (used when making a toast)
Special Holidays
Merry Christmas!
Happy New Year / Easter / Hanukkah / Ramadan etc.
All the best for a happy New Year / Easter / Hanukkah / Ramadan etc.
When making special greetings to children on their birthday and at
Christmas, it is also common to ask them what they received:
Merry Christmas! What did you get from Santa Claus?
Happy Birthday! What did your Daddy get for you?
Special Occasions
73
b. Whats pity
c. Thats a nuisance
d. Thats too bad
e. Thats pity
f. Oh dear
Displeasure/tidak
senang
Im dissatisfied
We are fed up with
I feel dosappointed
She is extremely
displeased
Other expressions
Expression Pleasure
a.
b.
c.
d.
Im so happy .
I feel .
How happy to
Im very pleasure with
e. Its a pleasure to
f. Pleasure
g. Great!
h. Terrific!
i. Im pleased.
j. I enjoyed it
SMA Students Modul of English
Expression Displeasure
a. I feel
b. Im really sad to
c. .. feel unpleased with
.
d. I feel disappointed.
74
k. I love it.
l. It was terrifi c.
m. Im delighted.
Informal
Satisfaction
very pleased with
content with
satisfi ed with
very delighted with
situation
Dissatisfaction
displeased with
discontented with
dissatisfi ed with
disappointed with
Formal situation
Satisfaction
Dissatisfaction
Super!
Horrible!
Great!
Very sad!
Terrifi c!
Annoying!
Fantastic!
Disappointing!
Smashing!
Frustrating!
75
10.
Asking & Giving Opinion (meminta &
memberi pendapat)
Asking Opinion
Giving opinion
I think (that).
In my opinion.
As I see,
If you ask me, I feel
Other examples
Those expressions are used to ask for opinions.
What do you think of this refrigerator?
So, do you think I should buy those florescent light bulbs?
Those expressions are used to give opinions.
I think the other ones better.
In my opinion, you should buy the florescent light bulbs.
Here are other expressions that you can also use:
Asking Opinion
Giving opinion
I think
I believe
I feel
It seems to me
11.
Agreement/approval,
Disagreement/disapproval (setuju, tidak
setuju)
Ketika kita merasa sependapat dengan opini orang lain, kita bisa
mengatakan:
So do I
Yes, I agree
Yes, I agree with you
Thats quite true
It is certainly
Youre absolutely right!
Exactly
Im of exactly the same
Thats what I want to say
opinion
I think so
I am with you
I go along that line
I am on your side
SMA Students Modul of English
76
I agree completely
That's true.
Absolutely.
Definitely.
I cant agree
Surely not
Examples:
No, I don't think that's what happened.
No, that's not a good idea.
12.
Fear, Anciety (ungkapan ketakutan,
kegelisahan)
Fear
Respon
I am afraid
I am feared
I am scared
I am terrified
The sound is horrifying
Dont be afraid
There is nothing to be afraid of
It is nothing
Anciety
Respon
I am worried about
Take is easy
77
Calm down
I know you are worried but
It is not a big deal
Dont worry
Stay cool
13.
Pain, Relief (ungkapan kesakitan,
kelegaan)
Pain
Relief
Ouch!
That was hurt
It is painful
It hurts me
Ive got a
backache/toothache/stomachache
I feel sore all over
My eyes hurt
Other expressions
1. Expressions of Pain
I am suffering from a relapse.
I feel sick./I feel ill.
Im sick.
Ugh, its very painful!
Oh, its killing me!
2. Expressions of Relief
Its a relief to know that ....
Thank God for ....
Im glad it was done.
Thank goodness!
Thank heavens!
Im glad about !
Its a great relief!
Whew
14.
Like/Love & Dislike/Hate (suka/cinta &
tidak suka/benci)
SMA Students Modul of English
78
Like
Dislike
I love it
I dont really like it
I like it
I dislike it
I am keen on it
I am not really interested in
I am crazy about it
I cant enjoy
We all enjoy
(benda/noun/gerund)is not my
(benda/noun/gerund)is my cup of tea
cup of tea
I cant stand
I hate it
Language for expressing likes
Subject
Adverb
Verb
Noun
(really)
don't like
can't stand
it
them
ice cream
Chinese food
playing football
watching TV
(really)
Verb
Noun
Extra
like
love
it
them
ice cream
Chinese food
playing football
watching TV
a lot
79
15.
Embarrassment & Annoyance (Ungkapan
rasa malu, kejengkelan)
Embarrassment
Annoyance
I am embarrassed
I feel ashamed
Oh my God
Shame on me
I dont feel comfortable
I feel awkward
I am annoyed
I had enough with it
I cant bear it any longer
You made me annoyed
You are such a pain in the neck
You made me sick
There are some other expressions you can use to show your
annoyance.
Formal Situations
Informal Situations
is very irritating.
I cannot stand
Formal Situations
What an embarrassment!
I must say that its an
embarrassment.
Thats a real embarrassment.
16.
Informal Situations
What a shame!
Its my embarrassment to ...
I was so ashamed.
Request (permintaan)
Request
Acceptance
Refusal
Would it be possible
for you to
Would you be so kind
as to
Would you,please?
Would you mind ?
Any chance of
Can you?
I should be delighted
to come
By all means
I have no objection
Id be happy to
Sure
Yeah
OK
80
No problem
Mmm
Not likely
You must be joking
Granting Request
In the dialogue between Ayu and Palupi you fi nd the following
expressions:
Ayu
: Will you tell me about it?
Palupi : Sure, I will.
Ayu
: Lets try to make lepat sometimes.
Palupi : OK.
Sure, I will and OK are expressions to grant a request.
Here are other expressions that you can use:
Alright.
Certainly.
Right away.
Of course.
17.
Complaint, Blame
(keluhan,menyalahkan)
Complaint
Blame
81
ridiculous!
unfair!
unreasonable!
A negative structure
It's
just
simply
18.
Regret, Apology (penyesalan, meminta
maaf)
Regret
Apology
Much to my regret
Sadly, I .
Unfortunately
Im terribly sorry
I honestly regret that I
Sorry, I
Examples
I'm so sorry...
Examples
Sorry about...
Sorry for...
82
19.
Possibility & Impossibility (kemungkinan
& ketidakmungkinan)
Menyatakan Kemungkinan Menanyakan Kemungkinan
I think there is possibility to Do you think he/it could?
I sassume/believe
Would you say were capable
In all probability,
of?
it is going to be possible for
Are you capable of?
me to
Are you able to?
that will probably
Do you have any experience of?
its quite possible
Can you?
Do you know how to?
Do you think you can?
Expressions for Discussing Possibilities
Would there be any possibility of ?
Do you think we are capable of ?
SMA Students Modul of English
83
NOTE :
1. Several ways of indicating
possibility are:
POLA
KET. WAKTU
Present Tense
V= (+) S+V (-s/es utk S he,she,it) Every
(Menyatakan
(-) S+Do/Does not + V
Usyally
kebiasaan hingga
Do utk S= I,you,they,we
Always dll
sekarang masih
Does utk S= he,she,it
dilakukan)
She goes to school everyday
She does not go to school
everyday
SMA Students Modul of English
84
N= (+) S+ to be (am/is/are) +
adj/n/adv
She is beautiful
Present
V= (+) S+ to be (am/is/are)+V-ing
Continuous
She is not going to school
(Menyatakan
everyday
aktivitas yang
sedang
berlangsung pada
waktu bicara)
Now
At present
At this moment
To day
Present Perfect
(Menyatakan
perbuatan/tindaka
n yang terjadi
pada waktu yang
tidak tertentu di
masa lampau dan
pada saat
berbicara
perbuatan/tindaka
n tsb telah
selesai/baru aja
selesai dilakukan)
V= (+) S + have/has + V3
Have utk S= I,you,they,we
Has utk S= he,she,it
Father has gone to work for 12
hours
N= (+) S + have/has+Been +
adj/n/adv
Father has been at his office
since 12
hours ago.
Lately
Recently
For
Since
already
yet
lately
just
Past Tense
(Menyatakan
kegiatan yang
dilakukan pada
waktu lampau)
V= (+) S + V2
(-) S + did not + V
Did utk semua Subjek
N= (+) S + Be (was/were) +
adj/n/adv
Was utk S= I,he,she,it
Were utk S= you,they,we
Yesterday
Last
ago
Past Perfect
V= (+) S + had + V3
Tense
Had utk semua Sabjek (S)
(Menyatakan
N= (+) S + had been + adj/n/adv
aktivitas yang
telah selesai
dilakukan ketika
aktivitas lain
terjadi pada waktu
lampau)
Before/when +
S + V2
Past Perfect
Continuous
(Menyatakan
aktivitas yang
For + periode
waktu + when/
before + S + V2
85
telah berlangsung
selama periode
waktu tertentu
ketika aktivitas
lain terjadi
diwaktu lampau,
aktivitas tsb masih
berlangsung)
Future tense
(Menyatakan
V= (+) S + will/shall + V
aktivitas yang
Will utk semua Sabjek (S)
akan dilakukan di
Shall utk S = I,we
waktu yang akan N= (+) S + will/shall +be +
datang)
adj/n/adv
Future
Continuous
(Menyatakan
aktivitas yang
akan sedang
berlangsung di
waktu yang akan
datang)
Tomorrow
Next
At this time
tomorrow
At ten tomorrow
Future Perfect
(Menyatakan
V= (+) S + will/shall + have + V3 By + ket.waktu
aktivitas yang
N= (+) S + will/shall +have +been
akan telah selesai +adj/n/
dilakukan ketika
aktivitas lain
terjadi diwaktu
yang akan datang)
Future Perfect
Continuous
(Menyatakan
V= (+) S + will/shall +have+been
aktivitas yang
+ V-ing
akan telah sedang
berlangsung
selama waktu
tertentu ketika
aktivitas lain
terjadi di waktu
yang akan datang)
Past Future
Tense
V= (+) S + would/should + V
By + ket.waktu
Yesterday
86
(Menyatakan
N= (+) S + would/should + be +
perbuatan/keadaa adj/n/adv
n yang akan
datang
dilakukan/terjadi
diwaktu lampau.
Perbuatan tsb
sudah
direncanakan tapi
tidak terlaksana)
Past Future
Perfect Tense
V= (+) S + would/should + have
(menyatakan
+V3
suatu
N= (+) S + would/should +
pengandaian pada
have been + adj/n/adv
masa lampau,
sesuatu
seharusnya akan
telah terjadi pada
saat suatu syarat
terpenuhi)
Past Perfect
Continuous
(Menyatakan
perbuatan yang
seharusnya sudah
sedang
berlangsung di
suatu waktu di
masa lampau
tetapi
kenyataanya
gagal
berlangsung)
V= (+) S + would/should +
have been + V-ing
Last
Just now
If + simple past
If + past perfect
By + ket.waktu
V2/did/was,were
Perfect
have/has/had + V3/been
Future/modal (present)
Future/modal (past)
will/shall/may/can/must + V/be
would/sould/might/could/had to + V/be
87
Continuous
Tobe + v-ing
Present
Past
Perfect
Future/modal
TO BE
Am, is, are
Was, were
Been
be
Contoh soal
1. Fred : Juda, the telephone rang twelve times. What were you doing?
Juda: I____ Javanese dancing, Srimpi.
a. practised
d. have been practising
b. was parctising
e. will be practising
c. have practised
Jawaban : B (Past Continuous Tense)
2. Dian : The Public Health Centre ____ there for more than twenty years.
The doctors and paramedis work hard to improve the peoples
health especially children.
Iwan : Yes, they are succesful. The infant/death rate has decreased
remarkably.
a. works
d. has been working
b. worked
e. will have worked
c. is working
Jawaban : D (Present Perfect Continuous = peristiwa yang
terjadi/dimulai pada waktu lampau dan sekarang masih
berlangsung. Ada tanda waktu for yang bisa dijadikan
ciri)
3. Devi : So you have finished washing the dished. When did you do it?
Sri : I did while you ____ the yard.
a. clean
d. were cleaning
b. cleaned
e. have been cleaning
c. had cleaned
Jawaban : D (Past Continuous tense = menyatakan suatu kegiatan
yang sedang berlangsung ketika kegiatan lain terjadi di waktu lampau.
Kata while bisa dijadikan ciri)
4. Retno : Why dont you reply my letter?
Hadi : Oh sorry. I forget to tell you that I ___ in Bali since last year.
a. am living
d. will have lived
b. was living
e. have been living
c. have to live
Jawaban : E (Present Perfect Continuous. Tanda waktu since dapat
dijadikan ciri)
SMA Students Modul of English
88
89
c. had been
7. Anto : Im sorry Ary. I forget to bring your book.
Ary : What did he say Lina?
Lina : Anto said that he ___ to bring your book.
a. has forgotten d. forgets
b. had forgotten e. forgot
c. would forget
8. Teacher : Ive heard that Benny is ill. Is it right?
Student : Yes, sir. He ____ ill for a week.
a. was d. would be
b. has been e. will have been
c. had been
9. Teacher : You will be ready for a test next week. Learn all these.
Student : All right, sir. I ____ them by then.
a. learn d. will be learning
b. have learnt e. will have learnt
c. am learning
10.
Reni goes to her university every morning. She studies
business. You cant meet her at her house at 10.00 tomorrow. She ___
the lectures.
a. will be attending d. has attended
b. has been attending
e. attended
c. would be attended
B. DIRECT - INDIRECT (Reported Speech)
Ketika kita merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak
langsung, ada beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan diantaranya
perubahan tenses, struktur kalimat, pronoun (kata ganti orang),
Possessive (kata ganti kepemilikan), keterangan waktu, dan tempat.
Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan
objek yang dipakai di kalimat langsung/tidak langsung.
Jika kalimat langsung adalah kalimat tanya maka ketika kalimat itu
diulang (kalimat tidak langsung) tidak membentuk kata tanya lagi
tetapi menjadi kalimat berita. Kata penghubungnya adalah if/whether
dan what, why, where, when, who, how. Begitu pula jika kalimat
langsung adalah kalimat perintah maka di kalimat tidak langsung
menjadi kalimat berita. Kata penghubungnya adalah (+) to
infinitive/V1, (-) not to infinitive/V1
Contoh Kalimat
SMA Students Modul of English
90
Kalimat langsung/direct
Simple Present
Present Continuous
Present Future
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Simple Past
Past Continuous
V2 (ate)
Had + V3 (had eaten)
Was/were
Did
Did not
Had not + V3
Had been
Was/were + V-ing
Had been + V-ing
Had + V3
Would/should/could/might/had to
could/might/should/would + have+
V3/been
91
Then
That day
The next day
The day after
The following day
Next
A day later
Last
The after
The following
ago
Thebefore
Yesterday
The previous
The preceeding
The day before yesterday before
Here
earlier
This
The day before
These
The previous day
The preceeding day
Two day before
There
That
those
Contoh Soal
1. Beckham : Did you know what Fingo said yesterday?
Raul
: Of course. He said ____ the previous day.
a. had gone to his country d. he went to his country
b. he has gone to his country e. he goes to his country
c. he will go to his country
Jawaban : A ( kalau kalimat langsung/direct simple past, indirect/tdk
langsung harus past perfect)
2. Teacher : Why was Mary absent yesterday?
Jenifer : What did the teacher want to know, Ferdy?
Ferdy
: he wanted to know ____
a. if Mary was absent d. that Mary had been absent
b. why Mary was absent e. why Mary had been absent
c. why was Mary absent
Jawaban : E (direct berbentuk Wh-question bentuk past tense jadi
indirec berbentuk past perfect)
3. Mother : Dont be so noisy, Herman. The baby is sleeping.
Herman : Okay, mom.
SMA Students Modul of English
92
Rudy
: What did your mother just told you?
Herman : She told me ___ because the baby was sleeping.
a. I wasnt so noisy d. I am very noisy
b. not to be so noisy e. to be not so noisy
c. dont be noisy
Jawaban : B (direct: dont + be maka indirect: not + to be)
4.
93
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
94
S + V1
S + V2
Present Continuous
Present perfect
continuous
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Continuous
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Continuous
Past Futurre
Continuous
Past Future Perfect
Continu
Simple Perfect
Past Perfect
S + have/has + V3
S + had + V3
S + am/is/are + V3
S + was/were + V3
S + have/has + been + V3
S + had + been + V3
95
Simple Future
Past Future
Modal (present)
Modal (past)
S + will/shall + V1
S + will/shall + be + V3
S + would/should + V1 S + would/should + be +
S + may/can/must + V1 V3
S + might/could/had to S + may/can/must + be +
+ V1
V3
S + might/could/had to +
be + V3
96
97
98
Catatan
a. Adjective/kata-kata sifat yang bersuku kata dua/lebih harus
diawali kata more pada kalimat perbandingan/comparative
dan the most pada kalimat tingkat paling/superlative.
Contoh:
beautiful
more beaitiful
the most
beautiful
b. Beberapa kata harus dibentuk dengan cara tidak beraturan
pada comparative dan superlative.
Contoh:
bad
worse
worst
good
better
best
much
more
most
c. Adjective/kata-kata sifat yang bersuku kata satu/dua yang
berakhir dengan akhiran -er/-r pada kalimat
perbandingan/comparative dan -est/-st pada kalimat tingkat
paling/superlative adalah:
1. Kata yang berakhir dengan 2 konsonan / 1 konsonan
yang didahului dengan 2 vokal.
Contoh: rich
richer
richest
deep
deeper
deepest
2. Kata yang berakhir dengan 1 konsonan yang dudahului
oleh 1 vokal. Dalam perubahannya konsonan tersebut
digandakan sebelum diberi akhiran er dan est.
Contoh:
big
bigger
biggest
3. Kata yang berakhir dengan e dalam perubahannya
hanya diberi akhiran r dan st.
Contoh:
large
larger
largest
4. Kata yang berakhir dengan y yang didahului konsonan
dalam perubahannya huruf y tersebut berubah menjadi
i. Tetapi jika y tsb didahului vokal maka aturan tersebut
di atas tidak berlaku.
Contoh:
easy
easier
easiest
coy
coyer
coyest
5. Kata yang terdiri dari dua suku kata yang berakhiran
some, -ow, -le, -er.
Contoh:
clever
cleverer
cleverest
E. QUESTION TAGS
Merupakan bentuk pertanyaan berekor yang fungsinya untuk
mempertegas suatu pertanyaan.
Contoh : Pok Ati is a beautiful woman, isnt she?
My husband didnt go to Bandung last week, did he?
a) Jika statement adalah kalimat verbal maka question tag-nya
dibentuk menurut kaidah kalimat verbal yaitu ada kata kerja
bantu/modal yang dipakai seperti: do/does, did, have/has, had,
will, shall, can, may, dll. Begitu pula jika statement adalah kalimat
SMA Students Modul of English
99
Conditional sentence terdiri dari anak kalimat (sub clause) dan induk
kalimat (mean clause) dimana bentuk tenses yang di pakai pada
keduanya berbada.
Induk kalimat biasanya diawali dengan kata if. Jika anak kalimat
mendahului induk kalimat maka setelah anak kalimat ada koma (,).
Ada 3 tipe conditional sentence :
100
Contoh : (+) If I had known you were there, I would have written you
a letter.
( Jika saya tahu waktu dulu kamu berada di sana, saya sudah mengirim
surat padamu- ini bermakna saya tidak mengirim surat karena saya
tidak tahu kamu berada di sana)
Pola: If + past perfect +
past future perfect/modal perfect
Had + V3
would/should/could/had to/might + have +
V3
Had been
been
G. RELATIVE PRONOUNS (kata ganti penghubung)
Relative Pronoun adalah kata yang digunakan untuk mengantikan
salah satu pokok kalimat/bagian kalimat lainnya yang menghubungkan
dua buah kalimat menjadi satu kalimat majemuk (complex sentence).
Kata-kata yang digunakan sebagai penghubung yaitu: who, whom,
whose, which, of which.
Rumus Umum :
Jabatan dalam kalimat
orang
benda
Subjek
Who/that
Which/that
Objek
Whom/that Which/that
Kepunyaan (possesseve) whose
Of which
1. Who/that: yang
Digunakan utk pengganti orang sbg subjek
Contoh: We know a lot of people.
They live in Jakarta
S
O
S
We know a lot of people who live in Jakarta
(They = a lot ao people, jabatan dalam kalimat subjek,)
2. Whom/that: yang
Digunakan untuk pengganti objek
Contoh: The girl feel in love with the man.
I met him last week.
S
O
S
O
The girl feel in love with the man whom I met last week.
(him = the man, jabatan sebagai objek)
3. whose: yang punya
Digunakan untuk mengganti kata ganti kepunyaan: my, your, our, his,
their, its, her.
Contoh: We saw the people. Their car has been stolen.
S
O
possessive
We saw the people whose car had been stolen.
(their car = mobilnya orang-orang. Orang yang dimaksud = the
people)
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4. which/that
Digunakan untuk mengganti kata benda/binatang sebagai subjek
Contoh: I dont like the stories.
They are printed in English.
S
I dont like the stories that/which are printed in English.
(they = the stories/cerita adalah kata benda yg kedudukannya sebagai
S)
My mother loves a red car very much.
I bought it last year.
O
O
My mother loves a red car which/that I bought last year very
much
( it = a red car, sebuah benda, jabatan sebagai objek)
5. Of which
Digunakan untuk mengganti kata ganti kepunyaan/possessive untuk
benda/binatang.
Contoh: I sent the table back to the store.
Its surface is not
smooth.
Possessive
I sent the table of which surface is not smooth back to the
store.
(its surface/permukaannya meja. Meja yg dimaksud the table)
6. Where
7. When
H. SUBJUNCTIVE WISH
Subjunctive/angan-angan digunakan untuk
menyatakan/mengungkapkan harapan yang tidak dapat terpenuhi.
Future
Rumus : S + wish + S + could/would +
V/be
Contoh : I wish you would stop saying that.
(saya berharap kamu akan berhenti mengatakan itu)
I wish she would come to my party to night
(saya berharap dia akan dapat datang ke pesta saya
minggu ini)
Present
Rumus : S + wish + S + V2/were
Contoh : I wish you were old enough to marry me.
(saya berharap sekarang ini umurmu cukup tua untuk
menikahi saya)
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I. CAUSATIVE HAVE/GET
Causative have dan get digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
pekerjaan yang dilakukan orang lain untuk si Subjek. Causative have
berarti menyuruh/memerintahkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu,
sedangkan causative get berarti meminta (dengan persuasif)
seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
Rumus Active
S + have/has/had + Object + V1 + Object
S + get/gets/got + Object + to V1 + Object
Contoh :
(1). She has the shoemaker mend her shoes
S
Someone/O
V1 something/O
(Dia menyuruh Pembuat sepatu memperbaiki sepatunya)
O
V1
O
(2). I had mechanic repair my car.
(saya menyuruh mekanis memperbaiki mobil saya
Contoh :
(1). She gets the shoemaker to mend her shoes.
(Dia meminta Pembuat sepatu memperbaiki sepatunya)
(2). I got the mechanic to repair my car.
(saya meminta mekanis memperbaiki mobil saya)
Rumus Passive
S + have/has/had + O + V3
S + get/gets/got + O + V3
Contoh
(1). The manager has the letter typed.
O
V3
(Menejer menyuruh surat itu ditik)
(2). The manager gets the letter typed.
(Menejer meminta surat itu ditik)
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J. GERUND
Gerund adalah kata kerja yang dibendakan/ kata benda yang
dibentuk dari kata kerja yang diberi akhiran ing (V-ing). Gerund
digunakan bila:
1. Verb/kata kerja sebagai subjek.
Contoh: Swimming is a good sport.
Jogging makes us fresh.
2. Verb sebagai complement/pelengkap.
Contoh : My hobby is cycling.
3. Setelah kata depan/preposition seperti for, on, before dll.
Contoh : I am sorry for coming late.
Before leaving, he said nothing.
4. Setelah istilah khusus seperti no use, to be worth, to be busy, cant
help/cant bear,to be used to, get used to.
Contoh :
It is no use studying without practicing.
5. Setelah possessive adjective (my,your, his,her,our,their,Amirs, dll)
Contoh :
His staring frigtens me.
6. Kata kerja/V setelah kata kerja tertentu
Admit
Appreciate
Claim
Cant help
Resume
Consider
Avoid
Delay
Deny
Risk
Enjoy
Finish
Quit
Resist
Siggest
Mind
Miss
Postpone
Practice
Advise
Recall
Regret
Report
Recent
resist
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3.
S + would rather + V1 + than + V1
Contoh:
- Dita would rather watch T.V . than plays a video game.
(Dita lebih menyukai nonton T.V ketimbang main video game)
4.
S + would prefer + to V1 + rather
than + V1
Contoh:
- Ayu would prefer to phone me rather than send SMS.
(Ayu lebih menyukai menelpon saya ketimbang mengirim SMS)
L. CONNECTORS (Kata Penghubung)
Connectors digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat/lebih
menjadi satu kalimat. Connectors dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu:
1. Menunjukan waktu: before, after, as soon as, while, when.
a. We went home after the rain stopped.
b. I prepare my ticket and passport before I go on holiday to
Paris.
c. I started to look for an apartment as soon as I arrived in this
city.
d. While he was reading her novel, somebody knocked on the
door.
e. I was really sad when I saw a drama movie.
2. Menunjukan sebab dan akibat: because/because of, since.
a. I went to the hospital because I had a serious accident.
b. I went to the hospital because of my serious accident.
c. Since I have no money, I cant treat you.
3. Menunjukan tanda urutan: first, next, then, after that, finally.
a. first, we must prepare the ingredients.
b. Next, we cut the vegetables into small pieces.
c. After that, we put them into frying pan.
d. Finally, we put some sauce and salt.
M. CONJUNCTIONS (Kata Sambung)
Kata sambung adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menyambung dua
kalimat/kata-kata.
1. Kata sambung yang berdiri sendiri seperti: and, or, but, for,
although/though, that, if, dll.
Contoh: - You can read this book if you like.
(kamu dapat membaca buku ini jika kamu mau)
- I went to your house but you werent at home.
(saya pergi ke rumahmu tapi kamu tidak ada di rumah)
- Amir and I go to school everyday.
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Exercise 1
Make elliptical construction from the following sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The boy did the test very well, and Bintang ________________.
It was a good football match. ______________ teams played well.
My mom can drive a car, _________ I cant.
He shouldnt try to repair the printer himself and _____________________ you.
This car costs 120 million Rupiahs, and _______________ his car over there.
There are two pictures on the wall. I like _____________ of them.
Indonesia is struggling to recover from economic crisis and _____________________
some other Asian countries.
8.
Arsenal team has lost three matches, and Manchester United team
_____________________.
9.
Those trousers are not too expensive, and ______________________ these ones.
10.
She has a large collection of rare stamps, and ____________________ one of my
brothers.
11.
He doesnt have to go there, but I _________________
12.
The enemy soldiers fired continuously at us, and ____________________ their
tanks.
13.
He had enough money to buy the car, and his twin brother
_________________________.
14.
They were in such a hurry that they had to skip lunch, and
_________________________ we.
15.
The first plan doesnt work, and the other back up plans _____________________.
16.
The detective has searched everywhere for the missing boy, and
____________________ the police.
17.
The new BMW cant run too fast, and his Mercedes ___________________
18.
Inem doesnt like working hard, and Inah ___________________
19.
Those people are looking for a cheap hotel, and we ____________________
20.
Stella hasnt finished her dinner and ___________________ her children.
21.
I saw the thief trying to break into Mr. Browns house, but he _________________
22.
Christ doesnt really like rock music, but his brothers ___________________
23.
She wont buy such an outdated skirt, but Jenny ____________________
24.
She never loves me, and her family _____________________
25.
I can hardly remember your name, and she ___________________
26.
You seldom come here, and ____________________ I.
27.
I barely know what you meant, and my brother ____________________
28.
She rarely has time to go out on Sunday evening and I _________________.
29.
I have tried to finish the report, and ________________he.
30.
He doesnt love me anymore, _____________ I do.
Exercise 2
Choose the best answer.
1.
The students often discuss a matter seriously, and so _________ the teacher.
a. is
b. do
c. does
d. has
2.
The chairman of the organization did not attend the meeting, and ______________
a. the secretary did not either
c. neither didnt the secretary
b. the secretary did too
d. so did the secretary
3.
I saw her this morning. ________.
a. so had I
b. so did I
c. so I did
d. I did so
4.
Because of the rain, the teacher couldnt come on time and ____________.
a. I neither could
c. I could not either
b. neither did I
d. so didnt I
5.
I cant hear anything. ____________.
a. so can I
b. neither can I
c. either cant I
d.
I cant too
6.
I didnt like the film that we saw.____________.
a. so didnt I
b. I didnt too
c. I didnt either
d.
neither I didnt
7.
I dont like the food; it is too salty.____________.
a. I dont too
b. I dont neither c. I dont either
d. neither dont
I
8.
If you can do that job, ____________.
a. so can I
b. so I can
c. I can either
d. either
can I
9.
No bookstores in the town are open today._____________.
a. the grocery stores dont either
c. neither do the grocery stores
b. the grocery stores arent either
d. the grocery stores are too
10.
Tom didnt go to school yesterday, and ____________.
a. so didnt
I
b. I didnt too
c. I didnt either
d.
neither didnt I
11.
Afifa : My brother has just bought a new motorcycle.
Saras
: What a coincidence, ______________.
a. so did my brother
c. my brother has too
b. my brother does too
d. so does my brother
12.
_____________.
Neither does she.
a. I sew my own clothes
c. I sew my own clothes
b. she cannot sew her own clothes
d. I dont sew my own clothes
13.
I think this room is very cozy._____________.
a. so does my bedroom
c. so did my bedroom.
b. so was my bedroom
d. so is my bedroom
14.
She doesnt speak Chinese, and _________.
a. neither cant I
b. neither can I
c. either cant I
d. I can
either
15.
I like bright colors._____________.
a. I do so
b. I do either
c. so do I
d. either do I
16.
We dont have to return the book tomorrow, but he___________.
a. has
b. do
c. does
d. have
17.
Did Lucy come to the OSIS meeting yesterday afternoon?
Yes, she did, but Setha_______
a. doesnt
b. hasnt
c. dont
d. didnt
18.
Everyone laughed at his jokes, ______________.
a. but the teacher isnt
c. but the teacher did
b. and so did the teacher
d. and the teacher didnt either
19.
Reza agreed that everybody had to pay Rp. 300.000,- for the study tour to
Bandung, _______.
a. neither did I
b. I didnt either
c. so did I
d. I didnt too
20.
Zahras mother can speak English well, __________.
a. but my mother cant
c. my mother can so
b. neither can my mother
d. but my mother can
21.
My uncle doesnt smoke, ___________.
a. and father doesnt too
c. and so does father
b. and neither does father
d. and so doesnt father
22.
His shop was burnt down, and _________ his car that was parked near by.
a. either was
b. neither was
c. so was
d. was too
23.
I havent watched Kung-fu Panda. I heard the movies good.____________.
a. so have I
b. I havent too
c. neither have I
d. I have
either
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24.
I think that my mother will be interested in reading this novel, but __________.
a. my father didnt
c. my father wont
b. my father cant
d. my father isnt
25. I wonder if your sister likes seafood.
Oh, she _________.
a. does
b. is
c. did
d. was
26.I dont think Lala knows anything about computer.
But she ____________. She took a computer course last year.
a. knows
b. know
c. is
d does
27. Ayu is interested in literature, and so is Hilda.
The sentence means:_______________
a. Ayu is interested in literature, but Hilda is not.
b. Both Ayu and Hilda are interested in literature
c. Neither Ayu nor Hilda is interested in literature
d. Hilda is not interested in literature, but Ayu is
28.She can hardly remember me._____________.
a. but her sister doesnt
c. her sister can too
b. so is her sister
d. but her sister can
29.May: My father has strong coffee in the morning.
July: ____________
a. So has my uncle.
c. My uncle did too.
b. So does my uncle.
d. My uncle is too.
30.Nissa : I am sorry. I came late to you party. What about Susi?
Rizal : ________________
a. She was too.
c. So is she.
b. She did too.
d. So does she.
TENSES
TENSES
Simple
Present
Tense
Present
Continu
os Tense
Present
Perfect
Tense
FUNGSI
Menyatakan
kebiasaan yang
masih berlangsung
hingga sekarang.
Menyatakan
kebenaran umum.
Menyatakan suatu
kegiatan yang
sedang
berlangsung
sekarang.
Menyatakan suatu
kegiatan yang
telah selesai
dilakukan.
Menyatakan
kejadian yang
berulang-ulang.
Menyatakan suatu
kegiatan yang baru
saja selesai setelah
POLA
S + V1/s, es + O
KETERANGAN WAKTU
Everyday/morning/week/m
onth/year, often, usually,
Do/does + S + V1 + O ? generally, never, alaways,
twice/three times a week.
S + dont/doesnt +V1 Etc.
+O
S + is/am/are + Ving +
O
S + have/has + V3 + O
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110
Simple
Past
Tense
Future
tense
periode waktu
tertentu.
Menyatakan suatu
kegiatan yang
dilakukan dimasa
lampau.
Menyatakan suatu
kegiatan yang akan
dilakukan di waktu
yang akan datang.
S + V2 + O
Did +S + V1 + O?
S + didnt + V1 + O
S + will + V1 + O
S + is/am/are going to
+ V1 + O
Examples:
The students always leave early for school.
Mr. John is reading in the library now.
He has just talked to me about it.
I have lived in this city since 1998.
Exercise 1
Choose the suitable word in the bracket
1.
The Setiawan family (has come) (came) to Bandung eleven years ago.
2.
Im sorry. I (didnt finish) (havent finish) my homework.
3.
The town (has had) (had ) two big snowstorms last year.
4.
Maya and Sasa (have made) (has made) (made) friend for four years.
5.
We (will sell) (sell) (have sold) the rest of the souvenirs tomorrow.
6.
I finally finished reading the book. At the moment, Fariz (reads) (is reading) (has
read) the book.
7.
The swimmers (havent completed) (hasnt completed) (arent completing)
(didnt complete) the race yet.
8.
We havent seen each other (since) (for) a long time.
9.
You look confused. (Are you understand) (Do you understand) what I said?
10.
Last night I came home, cooked dinner, and (watched) (watch) (have watched)
TV.
11.
(Have you sent) (Did you send) (Are you going to send) the e-mail? We need a
quick response.
12.
That man (has given) (gave) (gives) (will give) his dedication to the school for
30 years.
13.
Does Pamela (has) (have) (had) eight brothers and sisters?
14.
Deer (like) (liked) salt and they are attracted to blocks of salt which people
leave in their yards.
15.
I usually (will begin) (begin) (began) the day with a jog around the field.
16.
I (saw) (have seen) (see) the movie before, but I am going to watch it this
weekend.
17.
My classmates (visit) (is going to visit) (are going to visit) (have visited) (has
visited) (visited) my uncle next holiday.
18.
Sam (will have) (is having) (had) (has) an accident when he was crossing the
street. He broke his leg.
19.
Tomorrow is my parents wedding anniversary. I (buy) (bought) (am buying)
(have bought) (will buy) lovely Batik for them tonight.
20.
Turn off the TV and dont speak loudly, please! The baby (sleeps) (has slept)
(slept) (is sleeping).
Exercise 2
Write the correct tense of verbs in the parentheses in the following
sentences
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
112
a. plays
b played
c. play
d. is playing
TAGS QUESTION
Question tags (Pertanyaan Penegas) adalah bentuk pertanyaan pendek yang
digunakan untuk menegaskan pernyataan (statement). Cara membentuknya adalah
dengan menambahkan pertanyaan pendek pada akhir pernyataan. Berikut contoh
dalam bahasa Indonesia: Hamid menjdi pelajar terbaik di sekolah ini, bukan? Dalam
Bahasa Inggris contohnya: Hamid is the best student in this school, isnt he?
Pelajari aturan pembentukan question tags berikut ini!
1. Ketentuan Umum
Pada Kalimat Pernyataan (statement):
Pada Question tags:
1) Positif (+)
Negatif (-)
2) Negatif (-)
Positif (+)
3) Kata not boleh disingkat, boleh juga tidak
Kata not selalu disingkat
disingkat.
Selalu memakai kata ganti.
4) Bisa memakai kata ganti, bisa juga tidak
memakainya.
(ingat kata ganti! I, you, they, we, he, she,
it)
1. Kalimat Pernyataan menggunakan To Be -- is, am, are, was, were atau
menggunakan Modals ---- can, must, will, should, would. Maka, To Be atau
Modals harus diulang pada Question Tag nya. Contoh:
He is a doctor, isnt he? (Dia dokter, bukan?)
They are all right, arent they? (Mereka baik-baik saja, bukan?)
Jack isnt here now, is he? (Jack tidak berada disini, bukan?)
He will visit his friend in South Korea, wont he? (Dia akan mengunjungi
temannya di Korea Selatan, bukan?)
Leon can do it himself, cant he? (Leon bis melakukannya sendiri, bukan?)
Romeo was not absent yesterday. was he? (Romeo tidak absen kemarin,
bukan)
BILA TIDAK ADA To Be/Auxiliary Verbs/modals nya, gunakan: do, does, did.pada
Question Tag nya. (Statements dalam bentuk Simple Present tense atau simple
past)
Contoh:
You dont understand his explanation, do you? Kamu tidak mengerti
penjelasannya, bukan?)
Brenda knows this secret, doesnt she? (Brenda mengetahui rahasia ini,
bukan?)
Alex and Ahmed work together to accomplish the project, dont they? (Alex
dan Ahmed bekerja sama untuk menyelesaikan proyek tersebut, bukan?)
Your parents didnt allow you to go with us, did they? (Orang tuamu tidak
mengijinkan kamu pergi bersama kami, bukan?)
The writer died ten years ago, didnt he? (penulis tersebut wafat sepuluh
tahun lalu, bukan?)
You wrote that poem yourself, didnt you? (kamu menulis puisi itu sendiri,
bukan?)
2. Pernyataan positive untuk I am harus ber-tag-kan arent I?
Contoh:
I am pretty, arent I?
I am going to get the first prize in the beauty contest, arent I?
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
115
12.
2.
3.
116
4.
a.
b.
Because
As/So Long As
Because of
Such..that
As
In Order That
Consequently
c.
Opposition: (berlawanan)
Even though
Although
Though
Whereas
While
However
Nevertheless
Despite
In spite of
But
On the other hand
d.
Condition: (keadaan)
If
Unless
Only if
or not
Even if
Providing (that)
Provided (that)
(that)
In the event (that) Otherwise
Or (else)
Whether
In
case
Example:
After she graduates, she will get a job.
I will leave before he comes.
I will ask him when I see him tomorrow.
Whenever I see her, I say hello.
He went to the bed because he was sleepy.
As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend
and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
Al didnt study. Therefore, he failed the test.
Because of the cold weather, we stayed home.
Ill go swimming tomorrow unless its cold.
Exercise 1
Choose the correct answer
1.
Foreign visitors come to either Bali or_____.
a. visit Lombok
b. Lombok
c. staying in Lombok
d. to see
Lombok
2.
I not only study hard for the exams _____ pray.
a. but also
b. or as well
c. and so
d.
and
also
3.
Abby works as a secretary in Caltex Company. Abby studies modeling in John
Robert Powers. We can also say: Abbny works as a secretary in Caltex Company
_________ studies modeling in John Robert Powers.
a. so
b. but
c. and
d. then
4.
I dont care whether she goes _______ stay here.
a. but
b. or
c. since
d. and
5.
I have been learning English __________ I was in kindergarten.
a. for
b. yet
c. since
d. after
6.
Vina goes to school ___________ she has a headache.
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a. though
b. when
c. because
d. but
I have learned how to drive a car for more than four months ________ I cant
drive.
a. and
b. though
c. yet
d. or
8.
The woman cried for help but ________.
a. no one was there
c. someone heard her voice
b. everyone wanted to help
d. she was helpless
9.
Prabu is not a girl ______ a boy.
a. or
b. but
c. and
d. when
10.
Which do you like, hamburger _________ pizza.
a. but
b. and
c. or
d. though
11.
He came ________ the bell rang.
a. when
b. although
c. until
d.
as
long as
12.
He likes neither coffee ______ tea.
a. and
b. or
c. nor
d. but
13.
We stayed there _________ we finished our work.
a. and
b. until
c. yet
d. or
14.
Alex hurt his back _________ he was chopping wood.
a. and
b. but
c. while
d. so
15.
Bari is in good shape physically ________ he gets a lot of exercise.
a. even though
b. because
c. until
d.
though
16.
The research program will take __________ time and money.
a. either
b. neither
c. both
d.
not
only
17.
Im studying not only math ___________ chemistry.
a. neither
b. nor
c. and
d. but also
18.
Her academic record was outstanding, _____ she was not accepted by the
university.
a. yet
b. and
c. so
d. because
19.
I visited the museum _______ I was in Chicago.
a. after
b. before
c. when
d.
though
20.
We stayed home ___________ the cold weather.
a. because
b. but
c. because of
d.
and
7.
EXPRESSIONS OF COMPARISON
Expression of comparison can be classified into three:
a.
Expressions of Similarity
Similarity can be expressed by using:
1. the same as or like
His car is the same as mine
His car is like mine
2. the same + noun + as
His car has the same color as mine
His shirt has the same price as mine
3. as + adjective/adverb + as
His car is as expensive as mine
He works as quickly as I do
NOTES:
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Quiet
Important
Carefully
Clearly
Quickly
Notes:
most quiet
most important
The adverbs have the suffix-ly :
most carefully
most clearly
most quickly
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5.
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PREFERENCE
Preference digunakan untuk menyatakan pilihan atau lebih suka X dari pada Y. cara
pembentukannya dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga.
1) Like better than
Pola:
S + like (s/es/d) + Ving + O1 + better than + Ving + O1
or,
Contoh:
He likes reading newspaper better than watching TV
She likes tea better than coffee
2) Prefer to
Pola:
S + prefer (s/es/d) + Ving + O1 + to + Ving + O1
or,
Contoh:
They prefer playing chess to playing cards.
The girls prefer orchids to roses.
3) Would rather than
Pola:
S + would rather + V1 + O1 + than + V1 + O1
Contoh:
John would rather drink juice than (drink) coke.
Aisyah would rather read Quran than watch soap opera.
I would rather ride a bicycle than go by car to school.
Exercise 1
Choose the best answer
1.
My mother prefers staying at home ___________ working.
a. than
b. to
c. better than
than
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2.
123
c. living alone
Exercise 2
Put the words in the bracket into the correct form.
1.
I prefer (wear) light coat to (wear) heavy coat.
2.
Prabud rather (drive) than (travel) by train.
3.
We like (play) tennis better than (go) for a swim.
4.
Most people would rather (watch) television rather than (read) a book.
5.
They prefer (leave) now to (wait) a few more minutes.
6.
My family would rather (eat) at home rather than (go) to a restaurant.
7.
My boss would rather (think) about it for a while than (decide) it now.
8.
I would rather (not do) it now than (make) a lot of mistakes.
9.
I prefer (phone) my parents to (write) them a letter.
10.
I like (not go) for work today better than (miss) a reunion gathering.
EXCLAMATION
An exclamation is an expression used to express surprise, disbelief, anger, etc. An
exclamatory phrase is formed with: what (a) + noun or how + adjective. An
exclamatory phrase is usually followed by a sentence (subject + predicate).
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Exercise 1
Fill in the blank with what (a). Or How . to complete the following
exclamation.
1.
. good idea!
2.
. An-nisaa is.
3.
. dirty this classroom is.
4.
. far from the city An-Nisaa is.
5.
. nice room you have.
6.
intelligent student you are.
7.
beautiful his daughter is.
8.
old man he is.
9.
naughty the boy is.
10.
naughty boy he is.
Exercise 2
Express your amazement based on the following situations.
1.
The man has five luxurious cars. (rich)
2.
The girl always wins beauty contests. (beautiful)
3.
There are a lot of people at the market. (crowded)
4.
Shania can act, sing, and paint well. (talented)
5.
The woman often gives her food and money to the poor. (generous)
6.
Ms. Claire is nearly 120 years old. (old)
7.
Those men can speak five languages. (clever)
8.
My parents are helpful and thoughtful. (kind)
9.
There is so much garbage on the floor of the classroom. (dirty)
Exercise 3
Choose the best answer.
1.
The bus is new and luxurious.
a. What a comfortable bus it is!
c. How a bus it is!
b. How comfortable bus it is!
d. What comfortable the bus is!
2.
_______________ Shall we go sailing?
a. What day nice!
b. What a day!
c. How nice day
!
d. How a nice!
3.
Ichas scores are excellent.
a. How clever she is!
c. What a clever Ratu is a girl!
b. What clever she is!
d. How clever girl Ratu is!
4.
Nobody can answer the question.
a. How difficult the question is!
c. How is the question difficult?
b. What the question it is!
d. What is the question!
5.
Mr. James has written more than 60 books.
a. What a prolific writer Mr. James is!
c. What a prolific Mr. James is!
b. How a writer Mr. James is!
d. It is Mr. James how prolific!
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6.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
1.
Using Where
Where is used in an adjective clause to modify a place (city, country, room, house,
etc.). if Where is used, a preposition is not included in the adjective clause. If
Where is not used, the preposition must be included.
Example:
The building is very old.
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He lives there (in that building). = The building where he lives is very old.
The building in which he lives is very old.
The building which he lives in is very old.
The building that he lives in is very old.
The building he lives in is very old.
5.
Using When
When is used in an adjective clause to modify a noun of time (year, day, time,
century, etc).
Example:
Ill never forget the day.
I met you then (on that day).
= Ill never forget the day when I met you.
Ill never forget the day on which I met you.
Ill never forget the day that I met you.
Ill never forget the day I met you.
Exercise 1
Fill in the blank with who, whom, which, whose, when, where, why, or that.
1.
The radio _______ you put on the table is missing.
2.
The girl __________ is walking with Ratu is my neighbor.
3.
The assignment _________ we did yesterday was quite easy.
4.
The man _________ you just met is a very famous writer.
5.
We met a woman __________ name was very unusual.
6.
The box in _________ she put the gift was very attractive.
7.
The house __________ my friend lives is beautiful.
8.
The subject __________ the teacher teaches is very interesting.
9.
The mango __________ you are eating is ripe.
10.
The girl __________ you sent the letter has just here.
Exercise 2
Combine the sentences, using the second sentence as an adjective clause.
1.
The book was good. I read it.
2.
The meeting was interesting. I went to it.
d. which
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a. whom
b. which
c. who
d. where
Our friend Prabu __________ father teaches in ITB is absent today.
a. why
b. whom
c. who
d. whose
4.
We do not know the man _________.
a. where he comes from
b. whose house that is
c. who lives in that house d.
when he comes
5.
The child _________ helped you yesterday is here.
a. whom
b. which
c. who
d. that
6.
This is not the shirt ________ I bought yesterday.
a. which
b. that
c. who
d. when
7.
This looks like the pen _____________.
a. where I bought it
b. when I lost it
c. which I bought yesterday
d. whom I saw yesterday
8.
The school ________ I study is near a bus-station.
a. where
b. who
c. which
d. whom
9.
I have forgotten the house ________________.
a. where I was born
b. when I was born c. why I was born d. which I was
born
10.
Did it happen ___________?
a. why father went out
c. with whom father went out
b. when father went out
d. that father went out
11.
That is the reason ____________.
a. where he was born
c. who was there
b. why she had gone away
d. when will they come
12.
The dog __________ were looking for is at home.
a. who
b. whose
c. whom
d. which
13.
The doctor ___________ has examined you wants to see you.
a. which
b. who
c. whom
d. whose
14.
Did you lose the pen _____________?
a. I gave you last week
c. that you borrowed it from me
b. whom you use at school
d. which you used to write
yesterday
15.
The moon, ___________, shines at night.
a. who is above us
c. whom you always see
b. where it is in the sky
d. which is the earths satellite
16.
The school __________ is an SMP.
a. which I study
b. where I study
c. when I study
d. why I
study
17.
There was a carpenter ________ lived with his family near a deep river.
a. who
b. whom
c. whose
d. which
18.
Mr. Abbas ____________ son is my classmate is a manager in a big company.
a. who
b. whom
c. which
d. whose
3.
19.
The girl ____________ her mother was looking for was afraid to go home.
a. who
b. whom
c. whose
d. which
20.
The kite __________ he is flying is made of used paper.
a. who
b. whom
c. whose
d. which
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LATIHAN SOAL UN
Paket 1
The text is for question number 1 to 4
An Internal Error
Michael and his wife plan to take a vacation in Florida. At the last minute the wife
has to go to a business meeting. The husband goes ahead; the wife agrees to meet
him in a couple days. While theyre apart the husband sends his wife an e-mail; but
accidentally sends it to a woman whose husband has died recently. After reading the
message, she passes out cold.
Her daughter wondering what had disturbed her mother so much reads the email: Dear darling. I have really missed you! I am looking forward for your arrival
tomorrow. Oh, and its really hot down here!
1. Who receive Michaels e-mail based on the text above?
a. His wife
b. His daughter
c. A woman whose husband has died recently
d. A woman whose husband is still alive
2. Where will Michael and his wife take a vacation?
a. New York
c. Florida
b. London
d. Hawaii
3. Michael and his wife plan to take a vacation in Florida. The word printed in bold
means..
a. take a permission
c. leisure time
b. wasting time
d. take a picnic
4. How does the writer make the scene funny?
a. By giving a funny character in the story
b. By presenting a mistake delivery of e-mail
c. By presenting a personal comment
d. By giving a twist in one event
5. , doesnt he?
a. Mr. Agus has posted the letter
b. Mr. Agus has a lot of letters to be posted
c. Mr. Agus doesnt go to the post office
d. Mr. Agus hasnt gone to the post office
6. Afifa : Look! Monas is very tall.
Dina : Is it?
Afifa : Yes, it is our national monument pride!
Dina : Wow, .!
a. What is a monument
b. How tall is a Monas
c. What a tall monument it is
d. How Monas it is
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7. The boys were swimming at the beach when the rain . to fall.
a. has begun
c. begins
b. began
d. was beginning
8. I think that my mother will be interested in watching this film, but .
a. my father will too
c. my father didnt
b. my father isnt
d. my father wont
9. I have learned how to ride a bicycle since I was a kid I cant ride.
a. or
c. yet
b. and
d. though
10.Ditas dress is yellow. Shikas dress is yellow.
We can say that
a. Ditas dress is not the same colour as Shikas
b. Ditas dress is different from Shikas
c. Shikas dress is the same yellow as Ditas
d. Ditas dress is not different as Shikas
The text is for question number 11 13
The human heart is divided into four chambers, each of which serves its own
function in the cycle of pumping blood. The atria are the thin-walled upper chambers
that gather blood as it flows from the veins between heartbeats. The ventricles are the
thick-walled lower chambers that receive blood from the atria and push it into the
arteries with each contraction of the heart. The left atrium and ventricle work
separately from those on the right. The role of the chambers on the right side of the
heart is to receive oxygen-depleted blood from the body tissues and send it on to the
lungs; the chambers on the left side of the heart of the heart then receive the oxygenenriched blood from the lungs and send it back out to the body tissues.
11.The passage indicates that the ventricles
a. have relatively thin walls
b. send blood to the atria
c. are above the atria
d. force blood into the arteries
12.According to the passage, when is blood pushed into the arteries from the
ventricles?
a. As the heart beats
b. Between heart beats
c. Before each contraction of the heart
d. Before it is received by the atria
48.According to the passage, which part of the heart gets blood from the body tissues
and passes it on to the lungs?
a. The atria
b. The ventricles
c. The right atrium and ventricle
d. The left atrium and ventricle
What does the notice mean?
a. The dustbin must be thrown away by the students
THROW THE RUBBISH
b. The rubbish in the dustbin must be thrown away
INTO THE DUSTBIN
c. Students must not have rubbish in the school
d. Students should throw the rubbish into the dustbin
15.They prefer staying at home to going out at weekend. We can also say that
a. They like stay at home than go out at weekend
b. They would rather stay at home than go out at weekend
c. They would prefer stay at home than go out at weekend
d. They like staying at home to going out at weekend
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16.The girl her mother was looking for was afraid to go home.
a. whose
c. who
b. which
d. whom
17.Arrange these jumbled sentences into a good order!
1 He plays football very well
2 They like him very much
3 He has a lot of friends
4 Muhammad Kaka Rijkaard is my neighbour
5 Because he is a good football player
6 He is Persija football player
a. 6 4 3 2 1 5
c. 6 4 1 3 2 5
b. 4 6 3 2 1 5
d. 4 6 1 3 2 5
18.A : Ill get the final examination tomorrow.
B :
a. I think youll get bad mark c. I dont know about it
b. Im sorry to hear that
d. I hope youll pass it
19.Vina : There are so many foreign tourists in this town, ..?
a. arent they
c. dont they
b. isnt it
d. arent there
20.Adi gets seven for his English. Jason gets eight; Yudha gets nine, while Rangga gets
six.
a. Adi is as clever as Jason
b. Rangga is the cleverest student
c. Yudha is the best student
d. Jason is cleverer than Yudha
The text is for question number 21 23
REPORT FROM THE TAMIL NADU FIRE SERVICES
Till the morning of 26 December 2004, the common man in India had not
heard the word tsunami. Within an hour of the incident it became a household
word. What exactly is a tsunami?
A tsunami (pronounced tsunami) literally means a harbor wave. It is really a
series of waves with extremely long wavelength and wave period. The wave is
produced by a disturbance in the seabed by a powerful earthquake or a volcano
eruption.
A tsunami is different from a tidal wave. The tidal wave is produced by the
gravitational pull of the moon. The tsunami is a wave motion created by
a
disturbance in the seabed. It is comparable to the waves produced in a basin of
water if the bottom is struck. You can see the ripples of water flowing from the spot
you hit going outwards. Only in this incident Gods basin is huge and the wave
produced is several meters high.
The casualties from the tsunami number nearly 221,100. in Indonesia alone
the number is close to 166,320. Besides these, there are casualties in Sri Lanka,
Thailand and Burma.
21.From the text, a wave motion created by a disturbance in the seabed is
a. a tidal wave
c. The tsunami
b. high wave
d. Storm
22. Tsunami is one of .
a. Earthquake
c. Volcano eruption
b. Disasters
d. Storm
23.It is comparable to the waves ( paragraph 3)
The word it refers to .
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a. The tsunami
b. The ship
c. A disturbance
d. Wave
a. is
c. was
b. has
d. are
25.
a. liked
c. liking
b. like
d. has liked
26.
a. too
c. very
b. more
d. much
27.
a. watching
c. watched
b. watches
d. is watching
28.
Nina : Who is that boy in the blue T-shirt?
Friska: Thats Raga. He is the one .
a.
which car we borrowed
b.
who we met at the school party last week
c.
who cycle to school
d.
whom play basketball very well
29.
Shilla : You look terrible! Whats the matter?
Citta : Ive got a headache.
Shilla : Sure, Ill take it for you.
a.
Will you take me to the doctor?
b.
Do you have any ideas?
c.
Can you get me an aspirin?
d.
Could you call me a doctor?
The text is for number 30 to 32
Indonesian Nasi Goreng
Ingredients:
2 eggs
1 cup water
1 plate rice
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a. cut
c. cook
b. beat
d. stir
33.
has usually my brother exercises on Sundays
1
2
3
4
5
The good arrangement is .
a. 3 1 4 2 5
c. 5 2 1 3 4
b. 3 2 1 4 5
d. 3 1 2 5 4
34.
Zahra : How do you like your chicken soup?
Ayu : I like it hot.
Zahra : So, you can add . spicy sauce.
a. a few
c. a little
b. many
d. any
35.
Many craftsmen have more than twenty years of experience in producing shoes,
.?
a. arent they
c. didnt they
b. dont they
d. havent they
36.
Ihsan : Ivans wallet was lost yesterday at school.
Kamal
: He must be very up set because he must pay
school fee today.
The italic phrase shows us that
a.
Kamal is happy to hear the news
b.
Kamal feels sorry about Ivan
c.
Ihsan really like to hear the news
d.
Kamal and Ihsan like Ivan very much
37.
My father buys a new car.
The car is blue.
Its good and big.
The sentences above can be combined into
a.
My father buys a new blue good big car.
b.
My father buys a blue good big new car.
c.
My father buys a big good new blue car.
d.
My father buys a good big new blue car.
38.
I had a plane ticket for the first flight, but I failed to fly because of some
reasons. The flight was postponed for more than 2 hours. The underlined
word means..
a. cancelled
c. withdrawn
b. crashed
d. delayed
The text is for number 39 to 43
Dear Human Being,
Put aside your axe, your hammer, or your rifle, and lend us your ear for a
moment. God created us, humans and animals, to live together in harmony on
our planet Earth. He gave us trees, plants, rivers, mountains and many other
things for our needs and enjoyment. In all our different forms and characters, we
make up everything that sets us apart from other planets.
The only thing is that you, as a human being, were made a little superior to
any of us. You were given a little more intelligence and more of just everything
else so that you can do more. You, with all the skills given to you, are able to
invent tools, erect buildings, and make works of art. In other words, you have the
power to rule the world.
You do as you wish: you maim, you kill, you destroy, all in the name of
development. But what do you really gain? What about us animals and our
habitats? You ignore our needs, and are intentionally blind to our fate.
Unlike you, we dont have the ability to create things. Aside from our
instincts, we rely on our bodies alone: our fur, our feathers, our muscles But just
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like you, we know the joys and sorrows of living: the taste of freedom and the
glory of every new day; the pangs of hunger and the pains of death. We, like you,
love our children, and cry when one of them dies.
But even if we are less than what you are, we, too, are creatures of God.
We also have the right to live and to have our own place in this world. You cannot
deny us this right.
We know you need us to survive. Take what you need from us and our
environment, but dont take it all. If you take everything from us, in the end you
will have nothing. If you destroy us, you will destroy yourselves. So please, let us
be.
Respectfully,
Your fellow creatures on Earth
39.
The sentence Put aside your axe, your hammer, or your rifle indicates that
a.
people like to use tools
b.
people depend on their hands a lot
c.
people are busy creatures
d.
people love to make handicraft
40.
What impression do you have of human beings from the passage?
a.
They are clever but selfish
b.
They are clever and wise
c.
They are diligent but stupid
d.
They are stupid but wise
41.
a.
b.
c.
d.
42.
43.
a. both
b. some
c. none
d. each
Father : Where are my spectacles honey?
Mother : You .leave them in the living room. You
read the newspaper there.
a. can
b. should
c. might
d. would
49.
Devo : Have you decided to buy the computer today?
Tata : I cant say for sure. I will buy it .
a.
if my father gave me the money
b.
if it is expensive
c.
if the price goes down
d.
if I were a rich man
48.
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Number of
correct
answers
score
/6
LATIHAN SOAL UN
Paket 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
136
a. What
b. Which
c. What sort
d. Where
8. Winda : Look ! The flowers are beautiful.
Who ... them?
Lidya : I did, and I watered them regularly.
a. are planting
b. planted
c. plants
d. plant
9. Lidya
: There is not any sugar left, Ratna. We need ... to make cakes.
Ratna
: Okay, I'll buy it then. Do we need eggs, too?
Lidya
: No, we dont.
a. many
b. a lot
c. a few
d. any
137
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23. Ardiyono : Have you got any plans for us on Sunday morning,
Agus?
Agus
: Yes, we ... to the Safari Park next Sunday.
Ardiyono : Oh, it's great!
a. go
c. were going
b. went
d. are going to go
24. Officer
: Could I have your name,
please?
Ali Topan: It's Topan. Ali Topan.
Officer
: And ... are you, Mr. Topan?
Ali Topan: I'm 25 years.
a. how old
c. how big
b. how tall
d. how heavy
25. Ida
: May I go to the concert tonight, Father?
Father : ... You have to study for your final
exam.
Ida
: But I really want to.
Father : You can go next time.
a. Of course, you may.
c. Yes, please.
b. Why not.
d. Its not a good idea
Bacaan untuk soal nomor 26 sampai dengan 28
DOME
March 10th
Nusantara
Metropole
Plaza Senayan
Atrium
Numbers of Audience
May
8,706
9,851
7,686
6,182
June
July
9,576
7,869
8,607
9,141
7,343
7,013
7,876
8,763
March 10th
b.
Before March 10th
d. Next April
28. What does the advertisement tell you about?
a. Where the singers come from
b. What events there are in the caf
c. Who the owner of the caf is
d. Where the caf is
singer
c. show
band
d. cafe
27.
When will Michael
Jackson have a show in the
caf?
a.
After March 10th
c. On
b.
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29. How many people have seen the films at Atrium in three months?
a. 24,086 c. 25,625
b.24,733
d. 26,243
30. Which cinema has the least audience?
a. Nusantara
c. Atrium
b.Plaza Senayan
d. Metropole
31. Yani : Where are you going next holiday?
Didin : ... yet, but I might go to Solo.
a. I don't doubt
c. I'm not sure
b. I'm ready
d. I don't believe
32. Rosa : Next Sunday we will have a holiday, won't we? What about going to Mount
Bromo?
Rima : ... because the air in Mount Bromo is too cold. I am sure we cannot stand of
it.
a. I disagree
c. That's a good idea
b. I agree with you
d. There is no doubt about it
33. Look at the pictures!
Rp.
109.900,00
Rp. 89.900,00
Rp.
199.900,00
c. more expensive
d. most expensive
140
dinner. It has a complete array of electronic and audio visual equipment that a
convention could possibly need.
And where is this luxurious news taste of the art convention centre located? In
Singapore, Hong Kong, or San Francisco? Not in the least. It's the new Sahid Jaya
Hotel & Tower Convention Centre on Jalan Jenderal Sudirman in the heart of Jakarta.
86, Jalan Jenderal
Sudirman,
Jakarta 10220-lndonesia
Tlx. 46331 SAHID IA.
Tel. (021) 5704444
Fax. (021) 583168
40. Santy : Nobody can buy the computer. It's ... expensive for us.
Bella : I know, but remember we badly need it, don't we?
Santy : That's right but let's try to get the cheap one.
a. rather
c. fairly
b. a bit
d. too
41. Laila : I dropped by Mr. Alfa' s house but I met ... there.
Pesta : Did anybody tell you where he went?
Laila : No.
a. everyone
c. anyone
b. someone
d. no one
42. Choose the right order of the following sentences.
1. It takes place within three or more days.
2. The more important the person who dies, the more buffaloes they kill.
3. It is carried out in honour of the dead person.
4. One of the Torajan traditions is the funeral.
5. It is done by slaughtering a water buffallo.
a. 2, 5, 4, 3, 1
c. 4, 3, 1, 5, 2
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b. 2, 3, 5, 4, 1
d. 4, 3, 5, 2, 1
43. Santi : Wow! It's cool and nice. And, look at this seat and that TV ...
Rinto : Yeah, you're right.
a. What is a luxurious train?
c. What a luxurious train it is!
b. What train is luxurious?
d. What is it? A luxurious train
Bacaan untuk soal nomor 44 sampai dengan 47
The Manager of KEN TOUR Jl.
Ahmad Yani 12 Surabaya.
Dear sir,
We are sorry to complain about the service that your travel agency
provided on our school holiday Bali Tour Feb, 22 - 24.
First, on our arrival we had to stay outside despite of our tiredness after 12
hours. The people in charge said that all the rooms were still occupied by another tour
group. We were welcomed to check in after 5 hours of waiting. That means our tour
was two hours delayed. Consequently we missed one of the places to visit.
At dinner time, many of us found no food left so we bought dinner outside. We
look forward to receiving your response.
Thank you,
Yours faithfully
Andi Lala
44. The text above is a letter of....
a. application
c. introduction
b. invitation
d. complaint
45. The writer feels disappointed about the following, except
a. the amount of dinner
c. the late welcome from the hotel
b. the canceling of one place
d. the traveling
46. How long was the tour?
a. 5 hours
b. 12 hours
c. 2 days
d. 3 days
142
Akbar
Amin
Akbar
49. a.
speak
50. a. sells
b. listen
b. subscribes
c. write
c. reportsd.
d. read
d. takes
143
occured.
a. although
c. but
b. because
d. and
/6
LATIHAN SOAL UN
Paket 3
The text is for question number 1 2
Common types of calendars can be based on the Sun or on the Moon. The solar calendar is
based on the solar year. Since the solar year is 365.2422 days long, solar calendars consist of
regular years of 365 days and have an extra day every fourth year, or leap year, to make up for the
additional fractional amount. In a solar calendar, the waxing and waning of the moon can take
place at various stages of each month.
The lunar calendar is synchronized to the lunar month rather than the solar year. Since the
lunar month is twenty-nine and a half days long, most lunar calendars have alternating months of
twenty-nine and thirty days. A twelve month lunar year thus has 354 days shorter than a solar year.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?
(a) All calendars are the same
(b) The solar calendar is based on the sun
(c) Different calendars have dissimilar bases
(d) The lunar month is twenty-nine and a half days long
2. How is the information in the passage organized?
(a) Characteristics of the solar calendar are outlined
(b) Two types of calendars are described
(c) The strengths and weaknesses of the lunar calendar are described
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to do
Rake garden bed carefully
Make channels 1 cm deep and 15 cm apart with back of a rake
Plant seeds 3 cm apart at the bottom of channels
Cover seeds and press down firmly with the back of a rake
Water lightly
Keep moist
When seedlings appear in 5 8 days, thin out if necessary
Apply liquid fertilizer every week
Pick crisp, fresh radishes after 5 7 weeks
3. Gwen planted some radish seeds a week ago. What would she need to do now?
(a) rake the garden bed each day
c. pick the radishes
(b) make sure the seed are covered
d. thin out the seedlings
4. What is the main purpose of the text?
(a) to give the instruction how to grow radishes
(b) to inform how important radishes are
(c) to show how radishes grow
(d) to provide information about radishes
5. The text above is a kind of
(a) anecdote
(b) procedure
(c) narrative
(d) report
6. Which of the following statements is correct according to the text above?
(a) radish is a kind of fruit
(b) radish is a kind of tree
(c) radish is a kind of flower
(d) radish is a kind of vegetable
Question number 7 9
Music, dance, play and film are kinds of (7) that entertain us from time to time. Listening
to the music can bring us a lot of fun or (8) state of mind. While watching beautiful dance,
wonderful play, and a good film can make us (9) and forget our problems fro a moment.
Thats why entertainment becomes an important and inseparable part of our life.
7. (a) entertainment
(b) edutainment
(c) advertisement
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(d) information
8. (a) meaningful
(b) peaceful
(c) useful
(d) colorful
9. (a) sad
(b) bored
(c) happy
(d) dull
10.Brenda : Look my father has bought a new car for me.
Kelly
: Which car do you mean?
Brenda : The red one parked there.
Kelly
:
(a) What car is nice!
(b) What nice is the car!
(c) What is a nice car!
(d) What a nice car it is!
The text is for question number 11 13
The human heart is divided into four chambers, each of which serves its own
function in the cycle of pumping blood. The atria are the thin-walled upper chambers
that gather blood as it flows from the veins between heartbeats. The ventricles are the
thick-walled lower chambers that receive blood from the atria and push it into the
arteries with each contraction of the heart. The left atrium and ventricle work
separately from those on the right. The role of the chambers on the right side of the
heart is to receive oxygen-depleted blood from the body tissues and send it on to the
lungs; the chambers on the left side of the heart of the heart then receive the oxygenenriched blood from the lungs and send it back out to the body tissues.
11.The passage indicates that the ventricles
(a) have relatively thin walls
(b) send blood to the atria
(c) are above the atria
(d) force blood into the arteries
12.According to the passage, when is blood pushed into the arteries from the
ventricles?
(a) As the heart beats
(b) Between heart beats
(c) Before each contraction of the heart
(d) Before it is received by the atria
13.According to the passage, which part of the heart gets blood from the body tissues
and passes it on to the lungs?
(a) The atria
(b) The ventricles
(c) The right atrium and ventricle
(d) The left atrium and ventricle
What does the notice mean?
(a) The dustbin must be thrown away by the students
(b) The rubbish in the dustbin must be thrown away THROW THE RUBBISH
INTO THE DUSTBIN
(c) Students must not have rubbish in the school
(d) Students should throw the rubbish into the dustbin
14.Arrange these sentences into a good order!
1
They are Asia, America, Europe, Australia and Antarctica
2
The largest continent is Asia
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3
4
147
Budi
Heri
Budi
Heri
: Hmm, I think youre right. Both of them are competitive, popular and
also.guess what?
: What? Tell me.
: Very prestigious. Dont you agree? Only (23) country can join the games.
: I agree.
148
(b) Pardon me
(c) Thats all right
(d) Thanks a lot
The text is for question number 30 35
The Stone Age was a period of history which began in approximately 2 million
B.C. and lasted until 3000 B.C. Its name was derived from the stone tools and weapons
that modern scientists found. This period was divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic,
and Neolithic Ages. During the first period, (2 million to 8000 B.C.) the fist hatchet and
use of fire for heating and cooking were developed. As a result of the Ice Age, which
evolved about 1 million years into the Paleolithic Age, people were forced to seek
shelter in caves, wear clothing, and developed new tools.
During the Mesolithic Age (8000 to 6000 B.C.) people made crude pottery and the
first fish hooks, took dogs hunting, and developed a bow and arrow, which was used
until the fourteenth century A.D.
The Neolithic Age (6000 to 3000 B.C.) saw humankind domesticating sheep,
goats, pigs, and cattle, being less nomadic than in previous eras, establishing
permanent settlements, and creating governments.
29.Into how many periods was the Stone Age divided?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
30.Which of the following was developed earliest?
(a) the fish hook
(b) the fish hatchet
(c) the bow and arrow
(d) pottery
31.Which of the following developments is NOT related to the conditions of Ice Age?
(a) farming
(b) living indoors
(c) clothing
(d) using fire
32.Which period lasted longest?
(a) Paleolithic
(b) Ice Age
(c) Mesolithic
(d) Neolithic
33.Which of the following periods saw people developed a more communal form of
living?
(a) Paleolithic
(b) Mesolithic
(c) Ice Age
(d) Neolithic
34.The author states that the Stone Age was so named because ...
(a) it was very durable
(b) the tools and weapons were made of stone
(c) there were little vegetation
(d) the people lived in caves
35.Tommy:Look, the notice say Be aware of danger. Why?
Reza : The roads around here are when it is raining.
(a) dirty
(b) heavy
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(c) busy
(d) slippery
36.Mia : Mom, I want to make a cake.
Do you have any flour?
Mother: Yes, I have . in the cupboard.
(a) many
(b) a few
(c) any
(d) some
37.Arrange the words to make a meaningful sentence!
theyouput uppainifwantpleasuremust
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
with also you the
9
10
11
12
(a)
5-2-6-1-7-11-8-10-3-9-12-4
(b)
5-2-7-1-6-11-8-3-12-4-10-9
(c)
5-2-7-1-6-11-8-10-3-9-12-4
(d)
5-2-8-1-7-12-3-11-4-6-10-9
38.FOR PAIN
USUAL ADULT DOZE: 2 or 3 tablets four times daily: for children under twelve,
consult a physician
KEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED. AVOID EXPOSURE TO LIGHT
What is the maximum dosage for an adult?
(a) four tablets every day
(b) eight tablets every day
(c) twelve tablets every twenty-four hours
(d) three tablets every twenty-four hours
The text is for question number 40 43
Once upon a time, there was as soldier whose back was stuck with an arrow. He
came to a surgeon. The surgeon cut the arrow and said, Ok, its enough. You may go
home now.
The soldier said, But the arrow is still stuck in my back!
While shaking his head, the surgeon said, That is an internist job. Im a surgeon
and my job has finished.
39.What happen to the soldier?
(a) He hurts because of the war
(b) His back was stuck with an arrow
(c) His leg hurts because of the fight
(d) He has a serious accident
40. That is an internist job.
The word internist means person who is expert in .
(a) performing operation
(b) dealing with teeth matters
(c) handling internal disease
(d) handling bone disease
41.The communicative purpose of this text is .
(a) to share an amusing story with others
(b) to inform readers about the soldiers problem
(c) to persuade readers to be concerned with the soldiers case
(d) to describe the soldiers experience
42.How does the writer make the scene funny?
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150
151
Autu
Winte
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152
London
Melbour
ne
Washing
ton
Tokyo
g
14
18
er
29
31
mn
21
22
r
8
10
11
34
23
16
32
24
(c) Washington
(d) London
score
/6
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Paket 4
LATIHAN SOAL UN
154
How
155
156
(b) If someone is not satisfied with the service, her/his money will be given back to
her/him
(c) People can ask her/his money from the painter
(d) Money is useful to satisfy people
15.Arrange these sentences into a good order!
1. An umbul-umbul is a decorative flag shaped like a banana leaf and fitted on a
bamboo pole
2. On August 28, 2005 tourists in Denpasar observed a religious ritual of the
umbul-umbul festival
3. They are planted around the city square where people gathered around
4. They created hundreds of umbul-umbul
5. The ritual is held to proclaim the presence of gods
6. Participants from 49 countries took part in this festival
(a) 2 1 3 6 4 5
(b) 2 1 4 3 6 5
(c) 2 5 1 6 4 3 (d) 2 5 6 4 1 3
The text is for question number 16 17
The largest lake in the western United States is the Great Salt Lake, an inland lake
in northwestern Utah, just outside the state capital of Salt Lake City. Rivers and
streams feed into the Great Salt Lake, but none drain out of it; this has a major
influence on both the salt content and the size of the lake.
Although the Great Salt Lake is fed by freshwater streams, it is actually saltier
than the oceans of the world. The salt comes from the more than two million tons of
minerals that flow into the lake each year from the rivers and creeks that feed it.
Sodium and chloride the components of salt comprise the large majority of the
lakes mineral content.
The Great Salt Lake can vary tremendously from its normal size of 1,700 square
miles, depending on long-term weather conditions. During periods of heavy rains, the
size of the lake can swell tremendously from the huge amounts of water flowing into
the lake from its feeder rivers and streams; in 1980 the lake even reached a size of
2,400 square miles. During periods of dry weather, the size of the lake decreases,
sometimes drastically, due to evaporation.
16.How is the information in the passage organized?
(a) Two unusual characteristics of the Great Salt Lake are discussed
(b) Contrasting theories about the Great salt Lakes salt levels are presented
(c) The process by which the Great Salt Lake gets its salt is outlined
(d) The reasons for the variations in the great Salt lakes size are given
17.The third paragraph contains information on
(a) How the size of the lake affects weather conditions
(b) The effects of contrasting weather conditions on the size of the lake
(c) The effects of changes in the size of the lake
(d) The cause of the varied weather conditions in the area
of the lake
18.His mother usually him money once a month.
(a) sending
(b) send
(c) to send
(d) sends
19.Nada : Are there any eggs in the refrigerator?
Nida : Yes, in it.
(a) There arent any
(b) There are any
(c) There arent some
(d) There are some
20.I turned around and saw a man whom I didnt know standing behind me.
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21.(a) office
(b) publishing company
public library
22.(a) advertisement
(b) articles
23.(a) magazine
(b) headlines
(d)
(d) headlines
(d) information
158
28.Jono
: The plant is lack of water.
Mardi : I agree with you. It is .... for the tree to produce fruits.
(a) certain
(b) possible
(c) impossible
(d) positive
29.Mark
: Have you been to the BOA bank?
Will
: Yes, why?
Mark
: .. is the service?
Will
: Its satisfying.
(a) How brave
(b) How far
(c) How long
(d) How good
The text is for question number 30 34
In Kansas at the turn of the century, Edwin and Amy Earhart doted on their active
daughters Amelia and Muriel. Edwin gave the girls footballs and riffles, while Amy
shocked the community by dressing them in gym suits instead of skirts. Edwins job
caused the family to move from town to town, and the girls interest in rough sports
and shooting rats raised eyebrows wherever they went.
Amelias parents did not pressure her to reform as she grew older, even when she
dabbled in the domains of science and automobile mechanics. But in 1920, when she
went aloft an air show and returned home determined to learn how to fly,
30.Amelias mother was named
(a) Muriel
(b) Amelia
(c) Amy
(d) Kinner
31.The word them in line 4 refers to
(a) Amelia and Muriel
(b) footballs and riffles
(c) Edwin and Amy
(d) gym suits and skirts
32.According to the passage, Edwin gave the girls which of the following items?
(a) An airplane
(b) Footballs
(c) An Automobil
(d) Gym suits
33.It may be inferred from the passage that, at the turn of the century, it was the
LEAST common for the girls to
(a) wear skirts
(b) have doting parents
(c) move from town to town
(d) play with riffles
34.In what way did Amelias mother help Amelia in her carreer?
(a) By helping her to buy a plane
(b) By taking her to an air show
(c) By pressuring her to become a pilot
(d) By giving her flying lesson
The text is for question number 35 to 37
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159
Once upon a time there was a beautiful place called Neverland where Peter Pan and
Tinker Bell lived. Not so far from this place is the city of London where John, Wendy
and Michael Darling lived. They really loved the story of Peter. One day Peter Pan
appeared and asked the children to fly to Neverland. They were very excited to see the
scenery and beauty of Neverland. Then they were surprised to know the existence of a
cruel pirate called Captain Hook. One day Captain Hook captured Tinker Bell and
forced her to show Peter Pans place. In doing so all Peters friends The Darling were
captured and taken to the pirate ship. Captain Hook frightened the children by putting
them on the plank.
Suddenly Peter Pan appeared and stopped everything. In a fierce duel, he threw Hook
and all the pirates overboard. Hook was chased away by a crocodile, and nobody cared
to save him.
The Darling were so happy and thankful to Peter Pan. They told Peter Pan their
intention to go home. With the sprinkle of Tinker Bells Pixie Dust, Captain Hooks
pirate ship was sailing through the skies of Neverland, heading back to the Darlings
home in London.
35.Where is the plank that was used by Captain Hook to frighten the children?
(a) In Hooks ship
(b) In Peters home
(c) In Neverland
(d) In London
36.What is the problem faced by Peter Pan ?
(a) The Darling left their home and flew to Neverland
(b) Peters friends were captured by Captain Hook.
(c) The ship flew over the sky to the city of London
(d) Captain Hook and Peter Pan had a fierce duel
37.We can learn from the story that .
(a) Braveness in needed to be a hero
(b) Good and right things will win
(c) A beautiful scenery is good to see
(d) Neverland is a place for children
The text is for question number 38 to 40
WOODS
Pepermint Antitusisive
Indication :
Non Productive Cough Usage
Direction
Adult and Children > 12 Years :
2 teaspoon (10ml) 3 times a day
Children 6-12 years :
1 Teaspoon (5 ml) 3 times a day
Keep at room temperature
Avoid from direct sunlight
160
Once in a forest there live a cat and a rabbit. They were very good friends. One day
when they were walking together the forest, they found a big ...(101) of cheese.
They were very pleased, and agreed to share (102). They decided that the rabbit
should divide it equally, ... (103) he could not. One piece was a little bit bigger than
the other.
41.(a) loaf
42.(a) it
43.(a) and
(b) bowl
(c) piece
(b) them
(c) its
(b) because (c) so
(d) bunch
(d) their
(d) but
44.Reza : Can we finish this homework tomorrow? That is the due date our teacher
told us last week.
Tata : Dont worry. We will have finished it by 8 a.m. tomorrow.
The underlined statement shows
(a) agreement (b) disagreement (c) pessimism
(d) optimism
A
Rp. 800.000,-
B
Rp.1.500.000,-
Rp. 1.200.000,-
Rp.2.000.000
45.TV A is .. than TV C.
(a) bigger
(b) expensive
(c) cheapest
(d) cheaper
46.Which is the correct sentence based on the picture?
(a) TV B is smaller than TV A
(b) TV C is more expensive than TV D
(c) TV D is the most expensive
(d) TV A is bigger than TV B
47.Nena : Rani, look! This is a very beautiful dress.
Rani : Wow! .. Ive never seen yet before.
Nena : Yes, neither have I.
(a) What is a beautiful dress!
(b) How beautiful the dress is!
(c) How a beautiful dress it is!
(d) What beautiful is it!
48.Mr. Miftah : All the farmers are happy.
Mr. Lala
: Why do you say that?
Mr. Miftah : The weather is good these days, ..?
There is not too much water for their paddy. So
their crop will be better.
Mr. Lala
: Yes, youre right.
(a) doesnt it
(b) is it
(c) isnt it
(d) does it
49.Dita
Dina
Dita
161
Dina
: Twice a week.
Dita
: Oh, I see.
(a) How old
(b) How long (c) How often
50.Harun has read Kompas and Suara Merdeka. .. them are very famous. I like to
read them very much.
(a) Some of
(b) A lot of (c) Both of (d) All of
The text is for number 51 to 55
One of the tallest and most interesting animals in the zoo is giraffe. This is the
giraffe we saw at the zoo. It is male and it is about six meters tall.
The giraffe has big crown eyes which are protected by very thick lashes. The
lashes are an important source of protection. They can also cover the giraffe nostrils
in other to protect its nose. It has brown spots on the skin and this coloring helps
protect the giraffe. The giraffe also has two short horns in its head. Like the camel,
the giraffe can go for a long time without drinking water. One source of water is the
leave which the giraffe eat from trees. Since it is so tall, the giraffe can reach the
tender leaves at the top of a tree. The giraffe lives in small herds and often feed with
other animals. A baby giraffe is two meters tall at birth. It can stand up by itself
within a few minutes after birth and can run well in about two days.
The giraffe has two method of save protection. If something frightens an adult
giraffe, it can gallop way at about fifty kilometers per hour or stay to fight with its
strong leg.
51.A good title is
(a) Giraffe and Camel
(b) The Interesting Animal
(c) A Small African Animal
(d) The Tallest Animal
52.From the description we may conclude that giraffe
(a) eat tree leaves for water
(b) need water and do no need leaves
(c) do not need much water
(d) need more water than camel
53.Its very common to see a giraffe
(a) with other giraffe
(b) in all parts of Africa
(c) alone
(d) around the world
54.The word gallop in the last sentence means
(a) five
(b) protect
(c) run
(d) work
55.A giraffe is about meters long.
(a) four
(b) five
(c) six
(d) two
The text is for question number 56 to 58
In Indonesia we only have two kinds of seasons, those are rainy and dry season.
If the sun is the north of equator, the wind will blow from Australia continent. It doesnt
carry much water. There is dry season in Indonesia from April to October. The farmers
usually plant the second crops, like beans, potatoes, corn, onion, and vegetables.When
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162
the sun is the south of equator the wind blow from Asia continent through wide Ocean.
It will be very glad. They can plant carry much stream air, and there begins rainy
season in our country. The farmers will be very glad. They can plant rice in their field,
the flowers are flourishing and much kind of fruit are produced.
During rainy season sometimes rain falls heavily. Heavy rain can bring the flood.
The governments have to work to prevent the flood.
56.What is the first paragraph talk about?
(a) The Australian continent
(b) The agricultural products
(c) The season in Indonesia
(d) The weather in Indonesia
57.What do farmers do in the dry season? They
(a) Plant rice
(b) Plant second crops
(c) Plant fruits
(d) Are very glad
58.It doesnt carry much water (in the first paragraph).
The word it refers to
(a) the farmer
(b) the season
(c) the wind
(d) the rain
Look at the traffic sign!
It means
(a) the road is winding
(b) the road is slippery
(c) the car may not enter this
street
(d) there are a lot of winding
turns
The text is for number 60
Breakfast is provided free of charge. We also have special discount on food and drink
at our restaurant for all registered guests. On top of that, theres a fifty percent
discount for children below 12 at our restaurant. We are located close to the apple
garden and butterfly farm. You can also see the sunset and sunrise from your room.
Children would also be entitled to free horse riding lesson every morning.
Rp. 430.000 per night.
COOL HEAVEN,
BATU HIGHLANDS, MALANG.
Reservation
: (0341) 7689980
Email
: coolheaven@yahoo.com
59.Which is free of charge in the hotel?
(a) Having food and drinks in the restaurant
(b) Having breakfast and horse riding lesson
(c) Entering the apple garden
(d) Staying for nights.
Number of
correct
answers
score
/6
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163
LATIHAN SOAL UN
Paket 5
The text is for number 1 - 2
Breakfast is provided free of charge. We also have special discount on food and drink
at our restaurant for all registered guests. On top of that, theres a fifty percent
discount for children below 12 at our restaurant. We are located close to the apple
garden and butterfly farm. You can also see the sunset and sunrise from your room.
Children would also be entitled to free horse riding lesson every morning.
Rp. 430.000 per night.
COOL HEAVEN,
BATU HIGHLANDS, MALANG.
Reservation
: (0341) 7689980
Email
: coolheaven@yahoo.com
1.
2.
On the top of that, theres fifty percent discount for children below 12 at our
restaurant. The underlined word means
(a) over
(b) after
(c) under
(d) in the age of
(d) at school
Organization
4. Hilda
: Excuse me,Student
miss Teta.
Can you lend me encyclopedia for three days?
SMP Negeri 2 Jl. Jaka Sembung No. 62
Miss Teta : ..
the
encyclopedia
only
be read here.
Tangerang 15223, Telp.can
(021)
7365859
(a) Certainly
(b) Excuse me
(c) Im sorry (d) I am sure
Dear
Ratih,
We invite you to attend our meeting that will be held :
On Saturday, Januari, 27, 2007.
At 11:00 a.m.
In the school hall.
Agenda : Final preparation for wall magazines competition 2007.
please come on time.
See you there !
Diana
Burhan hermiyanto_i@yahoo.co.id
Secretary
Chairperson
164
(c) skin
(c) cloth
(d) scale
(d) house
165
166
(a) didnt he
(b) doesnt he
(c) did he
(d) is he
22.Femmy : Hi, Cit! I bring a photo of my brother.
Citta
: May I have a look?
Femmy : Of course. Here it is.
Citta
: Wow. He is very good looking. is he?
Femmy : 175 cm.
(a) How high
(b) How far (c) How tall (d) How long
The text is for question number 23 to 25
If you are looking for excitement and you are planning a trip to Australia, you will
be able to visit the Darwin Emu Farm. It has the best emu display in Australia. You can
see varieties of emu.
The farm is located 40 km from the center of Darwin and is an easy drive south
towards Litchfield Park. The farm is open from Monday to Saturday from 10 a.m. to 4
p.m. It has been operating since 1960 and visited every year by thousands of overseas
and local tourists.
Recently, walking tours were introduced. By taking a walking tour you are able to
see how emus live in the wild. Their natural habitat has been carefully recreated.
Apart from the walking tours you can watch the emus being fed. This happens
daily at 2 p.m. If you would like you can have your photo taken with a baby emu.
At the farm there is also a well-stocked souvenir shop where you can buy belts,
handbags, earrings and shoes. All made from emu skin. Perhaps you would prefer to
try some emu meat in the cafeteria or an emu omelette made from fresh emu eggs.
23.Where is the Darwin Emu Park located?
(a) 40 km from Litchfield Park
(b) 40 km from Darwin
(c) In the center of Darwin
(d) In the Litchfield Park
24.What would the visitor of the farm find at the shop?
(a) A factory of emu souvenirs
(b) Emu that have been tamed
(c) Souvenirs made from emu skin
(d) The oldest emu in the captivity
25.The farm would attract a lot of tourist because itin Australia.
(a) was the first emu farm
(b) is the largest emu farm
(c) has the best emu display
(d) has the biggest emu
26.You cannot play the piano. I cannot play the piano.
It means that you cannot play the piano and
(a) I dont either
(b) neither can I
(c) neither cant I
(d) I can either
27.Jodi :Does everybody agree with Baris idea?
Ivan : What is it?
Jodi : Well go .next Saturday.
Ivan : It sounds great. We can enjoy the scenery from the top.
(a) diving into the sea
(b) mountain climbing
(c) swimming at the beach
(d) fishing on the lake
28.Ayu
: Promise to visit my house, okay?
Adi: Yes, sure, .if I go home town.
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languages of Asean.
(b) It is the national language of Indonesia.
(c) It is the mother tongue of all Indonesia people.
(d) It is derived from the Malay language.
34.The Indonesia language becomes the second language for many ethnic groups
because .
(a) they have their own mother tongues
(b) they think their languages are not good
(c) they want their own languages to be a national language
(d) the Indonesia language has been used by other countries.
35.Ari: This train has served passengers since 1912
Dita :Wow! What an old train!
The underlined word expresses
(a) question
(b) uncertainty
(c) amazement
(d) obligation
36.Retno : Is our education the same as one in Brunai
Darussalam?
Ivan : I dont think so Education in Indonesia is expensive. education in Brunai
Darussalam is free of charge.
(a) although
(b) therefore
(c) so
(d) but
37.The driver was sleepy so the bus hit the shop selling petrol. The bus was burnt.
Most of the .. were caught by fire and died.
(a) visitors
(b) passengers
(c) pedestrians
(d) customers
38.Jane : Dont throw away garbage here.
Shiva : Why not?
Jane : .
(a) Its either fresh or dangerous
(b) Its both messy and dirty
(c) Its not only fresh but messy as well
(d) Its neither messy nor dirty
39. Be quiet! My brother .in his room.
(a) studies
(b) will study
(c) is studying
(d) has studied
40. Arrange the jumbled words into a good sentence!
tourists every year Bali many visit foreign
1
2
3
4
5
6
(a) 2 4 1 6 5 3
(b) 3 5 4 6 1 2
(c) 4 6 1 2 5 3
(d) 4 6 1 5 3 2
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170
48.
score
/5
LATIHAN SOAL UN
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PAKET 6
The text is for question number 1 to 7
During the nineteenth century, the mechanization of farming and the fencing
of rangeland opened the agricultural heart of North America to intensive
development. As the natural geographic center of this region, Chicago became
the crossroads of a vast transportation network. The great waterway systems of
the Mississippi valley and the Great Lakes were linked in Chicago in 1847, when
the Illinois-Michigan Canal was opened to traffic. Within the next year, rail lines
began to operate trains to and from the city. The rise of agricultural activity
demanded facilities for the storage and milling of grain, the slaughtering of cattle,
and the processing and shipment of meat. The manufacture of farm machinery
branched out into the basic metal-fabricating and woodworking industries. This
soon attracted banks and other financial institutions. Four years after the end of
the Civil War, Chicago was already established as the focal point of the largest
system of inland waterways in the world and the hub of a rail network that
extended to the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts. The productive potential of the
city was unparalleled, and the pace of its industrial expansion reached explosive
proportions.
1.
What is the main topic of the passage?
(a)
The effects of the Civil War on the development of Chicago
(b)
The effects of intensive farming in North America
(c)
The evolution of Chicago as an industrial center
(d)
The impact of agriculture on industrial development
2.
In the nineteenth century, the farming areas around Chicago developed
rapidly because
(a)
new irrigation waterways were built
(b)
men who had been soldiers provided a plentiful work force
(c)
new machinery permitted farming on a large scale
(d)
the slaughtering of cattle turned much rangeland into farmland
3.
Why did Chicago initially begin to grow?
(a)
It was located in the middle of a productive area
(b)
Its industries attracted jobless people
(c)
It could provide food for a large local population
(d)
Its wealthy inhabitants invested their money there
4.
Chicago was primarily important to the cattle industry as a ..
(a)
market for meat
(b)
center of veterinary medicine
(c)
breeding center
(d)
place to finance cattle purchases
5.
When did Chicagos first railroad service begin?
(a)
1846
(b)
1848
(c)
1847
(d)
1849
6.
According to the passage, bankers were primarily attracted to Chicago
because of
(a)
the outbreak of the Civil War in the East
(b)
the increase in manufacturing activity
(c)
good opportunities for travel
(d)
schools that trained qualified economists
7.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a major factor in
Chicagos growth?
(a)
New railroad lines
(b)
Innovative farm equipment
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(c)
(d)
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174
Rafflesias consist of two parts: the stick-like part which grows in the middle
and the petals around and bellows it.
The Rafflesia plant begins to flowers in its ten year. It blooms three or four
time a year. Before it begins to flower, the leaves and the stem become dry and
look dead, but the main root in the ground is still alive.
While the flower is blooming, it has a very unpleasant smell which attracts
insects, especially green flies. They seem eager to explore the flower. But if the
flies tough the bottom part of the stick, like centre, they will die.
21. The part which grows in the middle is.
a. stick
c. root
b. petal
d. leaves
22. How many part does Rafflesia have?
a. One
c. Three
b. Two
d. Four
23. The size of Rafflesia arnoldi is..
a. 1.40 meters in diameter and 1 meter in high.
b. 1.40 meters in diameter and 1.40 meters in
high.
c. 1 meter in diameter and 1.40 meters in high
d. 1 meter in diameter and 1 meter in high.
24. How many times does Rafflesia arnoldi bloom a year?
a. One and two times.
b. Two and three times.
c. Three and five times.
d. Three and four times
25. Who built Bogor Botanical Garden?
a. Sir Stamford Raffles.
b. The Italian Governor
c. Beccary
d. The British Governor General
26. Afifa
: ..?
Shilla
: I like to watch Indonesia today.
a. What articles do you like to read
b. What radio program do you like to listen
c. What film do you like to see
d. What TV program do you like to watch
27. Nani : It is very hot, ?
Novi : Yes, please. I am very thirsty now.
a. can159
you help me
Jl. Garuda
b. would you help me, please
Surabaya
c. would you like a drink
d. do you want to eat
March 30, 2008
Question
number
Dear
Ratih, 28 30
Im sorry I havent informed you about my holiday yet. Actually Raka and I want to go
to your town as soon as possible. But, my father doesnt let us go your house alone. We have
to wait for our fathers holiday.
We will leave on next Saturday evening by train. We will arrive at your town on Sunday
at about two p.m. I hope you can pick us up athermiyanto_i@yahoo.co.id
the railways station.
175
Thats all my information. I hope we will spend our holidays happily. Give my best
regards to Uncle, Aunt, Riko, Edi, and Joko.
Cost
Days
Rp.
350.000,Rp.
280.000,-
Tourists
Objects
7
6
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36.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
38.
39.
40.
c. 125.000 rupiahs
d. 150.000 rupiahs
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41.
a.
b.
42.
Sri
: Whats the matter?
Dwi : Oh, Sri. Ive got a terrible headache.
Sri : Poor you. Why dont you take some ...
a. snacks
c. clothes
b. tablets
d. operations
43.
44.
45.
178
a.
b.
c.
d.
47.
48.
Question number 49 to 53
Africa is a .......49) of developing countries. It lies .....50) the Atlantic Ocean in the
West and the Indian Ocean in the East. These oceans .....51) in the South of Africa.
Africa is famous for .....52) two wide deserts. .....53) the Sahara Desert and the
Kalahari Desert.
49.
a. sea
b. peninsula
c. continent
d. lake
50.
a. in
b. between
c. among
d. over
51.
a. meets
b. met
c. will meet
d. meet
52.
a. its
b. it
c. its
d. their
53.
a. That is
b. It is
c. They are
d. There are
54.
Ayu
55.
Look! Besya ........ a very thick book. Im sure that she ....... finish reading it
this afternoon.
a.
reads does not
b.
reads do not
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c.
d.
56.
The bust departs at midday ..... we will arrive in Bandung at two thirty.
a. but
c. although
b. so
d. because
57.
Number of
correct
answers
score
/6
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Contoh
Pronoun
Penjelasan
Kalimat
181
Berikut ini adalah tabel kata ganti untuk orang pertama (first person), kedua (second person),
dan ketiga (third person).
Case
Number
Person
Subjective
Objective
Possessive
Singular
Plural
1st
me
mine
2nd
you
you
yours
3rd
she, he, it
her, him, it
1st
we
us
ours
2nd
you
you
yours
3rd
they
them
theirs
Subject Pronouns
Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai subjek kata kerja adalah I, you, he, she, it, we, dan
they. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini:
- Lisa likes cats. She has four cats.
Pada kalimat pertama, Lisa (proper noun) adalah subjek kalimat atau subjek kata kerja likes.
Sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, she adalah subjek kalimat dan sebagai kata ganti untuk Lisa.
Beberapa contoh personal pronouns sebagai subjek:
- My name is Michael. I am fourteen.
- My father works hard. He works in a factory.
- My sister is older than me. She is twelve.
- Our dog is very naughty. It likes to chase cats.
- Bob, you are a bad boy!
- David and I are playing football. We like sports.
- Jim and Jeff are my brothers. They are older than I am.
Object Pronouns
Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai objek kata kerja adalah me, you, him, her, it, us
dan them. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini:
- Lisa likes cats. She likes to stroke them.
Pada kalimat pertama, cats adalah objek kalimat atau objek kata kerja likes. Sedangkan pada
kalimat kedua, them adalah objek kalimat dan sebagai kata ganti untuk cats.
Beberapa contoh personal pronouns sebagai objek:
- Im doing my homework. Dad is helping me.
- Goodbye, children! Ill call you later.
- Where is John? I need to speak to him.
- Miss Garcia is very nice. All the children like her.
- The car is very dirty. Mom is cleaning it.
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Possessive nouns adalah kata benda atau nomina yang digunakan untuk menyatakan
kepemilikan atas suatu benda. Bentuk possessive dipakai bersama suatu nomina yang
menunjuk pada seseorang, sekelompok orang, negara, atau binatang.
Contoh possessive nouns yang menyatakan kepemilikan suatu benda:
Tom owns a car. Tom adalah pemilik dari a car, maka bentuk possessive-nya adalah: It
is Tom's car.
Contoh possessive nouns dengan bentuk sebelumnya:
The car of John = Johns car.- The room of the girls = The girls room.
The sister of Charles = Charles sister.
The boat of the sailors = The sailors boat.
Selain menyatakan kepemilikan atas benda, possessive nouns juga dapat menyatakan relasi
antara seseorang terhadap hubungan kekeluargaan, tempat kegiatannya, dan sifat atau
karakternya. Contoh:
- Mark goes to that school. That is Marks school.
Camillas mother.
- Lukes patience.
Perhatikan catatan dan aturan pembentukan possessive nouns berikut di bawah ini.
Jika singular nouns tidak berakhiran s, tambahkan s (apostrof dan s)
The delivery boys truck was blocking the driveway.
Bob Doles concession speech was stoic and dignified.
The students attempts to solve the problem were rewarded
Jika singular nouns berakhiran s, tambahkan s, kecuali bila kata berikutnya diawali dengan
huruf s, maka tambahkan saja apostrof (termasuk juga kata yang bersuara s and sh.)
The bosss temper was legendary among his employees.- The boss sister was even meaner.
The witnesss version of the story has several inconsistencies.
Jika singular proper nouns berakhiran s, tambahkan saja apostrof
Chris exam scores were higher than any other students.
Jika plural nouns berakhiran s, tambahkan apostrof saja. Hal ini juga berlaku untuk kata
berbentuk singular yang berakhiran -s (seperti kata mathematics dan measles)
The instructor asked us to analyze ten poems meanings.
The dog catcher had to check all of the dogs tags.
It is hard to endure the Marine Corps style of discipline.
Jika plural nouns tidak berakhiran s, tambahkan s (apostrof dan s)
Many activists in Oregon are concerned with childrens rights.
Everyone was disappointed with the American medias coverage of the Olympics in
Atlanta.
Jika memakai gabungan nomina possessive (joint possession), maka gunakan bentuk
possessive pada nomina yang paling dekat dengan kata berikutnya.
Clinton and Gore's campaign was successful.
She was worried about her mother and father's marriage.
Beavis and Butthead's appeal is absolutely lost on me.
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Jika dua nomina atau lebih dipakai untuk menyatakan kepemilikannya masing-masing
(separate possession), maka gunakan bentuk possessive pada setiap nomina.
- The owners and the bosss excuses were equally false.- The dogs and the cats owners were
in school when the fire broke out.
Dalam suatu konstruksi gabungan (compound constructions), gunakan bentuk possessive pada
nomina yang paling dekat dengan kata berikutnya (sebaiknya hindari pemakaian bentuk
possessive untuk konstruksi gabungan berbentuk plural (compound plurals)).
- My father-in-laws BMW is really fun to drive.- The forest rangers truck is painted an ugly
shade of green.
Bentuk possessive juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah toko, restoran, sekolah, tempat
ibadah, dsb. dengan memakai nama, merek, atau pekerjaan dari si pemilik, misalnya: the
grocer's, the newsagent's, the dentist's, Saint Mary's, the doctor's, the chemist's, etc.
Beberapa ungkapan umum yang memakai bentuk possessive:
- a day's work
- a fortnight's holiday
- a month's pay
- today's newspaper
- in a year's time
- For God's sake!
- a pound's worth of apples.
- the water's edge
- a stone's throw away (= very near)
- at death's door (= very ill)
- in my mind's eye (= in my imagination)
Noun: Singular and Plural
Singular nouns adalah kata benda tunggal. Perbedaan kata benda tunggal (singular nouns)
dan kata benda jamak (plural nouns) dalam kalimat bahasa inggris perlu diperhatikan karena
berpengaruh terhadap kata kerja (baik verb tobe, verb to have maupun kata kerja.
Plural nouns adalah kata benda jamak. Pada umumnya kata benda jamak di bentuk dengan
menambah S atau ES pada kata benda tunggal, degan beberapa pengecualian.
Kata benda tunggal dalam kalimat harus memakai kata kerja tumggal, sedangkan kata benda
jamak harus menggunakan kata kerja jamak. Contoh :
* This car is expensive
: mobil ini mahal
( car bentuk tunggal menggunakan is )
*
These
cars
are expensive
( cars bentuk jamak menggunakan are )
mobil-mobil
ini
mahal
185
house
table
student
dog
cat
pencil
bird
cake
tree
lecturer
ruler
flower
houses
tables
students
dogs
cats
pencils
birds
cakes
trees
lecturers
rulers
flowers
rumah
meja
pelajar (murid)
anjing
kucing
pensil
burung
kue
pohon
dosen
penggaris
bunga
B. Dengan menambah ES, jika kata benda tunggal berakhiran huruf desis, seperti S, SS, CH,
TCH, SH, X, Z.
Singular (tunggal) plural (jamak)
meaning (artinya)
Ash
ashes
abu
Bus
buses
bas
Brush
brushes
sikat/kuas
Dish
dishes
piring
Class
classes
kelas
Glass
glasses
kelas
Box
boxes
kotak
Buzz
buzzes
dengungan
Quiz
quizes
ulangan/kuis
Branch
branches
dahan
Church
churches
gereja
Match
matches
korek api
Watch
watches
arloji
Dress
dresses
gaun
Fox
foxes
srigala
Sex
sexes
jenis kelamin
Tax
taxes
pajak
Bench
benches
bangku
EXERCISES
A. complete the sentences with him/her/them
1. I dont know those girls. Do you know .................................?
2. I dont know tha man. Do you know .................................?
3. I dont know those people. Do you know .................................?
4. I dont know Bills wife. Do you know .................................?
5. I dont know Mr. Joe. Do you know .................................?
6. I dont know Gates parents. Do you know ........................?
7. I dont know the woman in the black dress. Do you know...........?
B. complete the sentences. Use I/me/you/she/her etc.
1. I want to see her, but ...........doesnt want to see ..............
2. They want to see me, but .......dont want to see .................
3. She wants to see him, but ..............................
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187
7. Do you ........................................?
8. Most children .................................
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LEARNING ACTIVITY 2
Pada Bahan Belajar ini, Siswa mengenal kelompok kata (Parts of Speech) pembentukan kata
(word formation) melalui pemberian awalan (prefixes) dan akhiran (suffixes) baik yang
bersifat derivatives, maupun inflectional, yang berdampak pada pengayaan kelompok kata
bahasa Inggris. Mahasiswa juga mengenali persamaan kata (synonym), lawan kata (antonym),
serta mengetahui pasangan kata yang sesuai (collocation) dalam bahasa Inggris.
Tujuan Pembelajaran Umum
Mahasiswa dapat menguasai sejumlah kosa kata dalam bahasa Inngris dengan melakukan
pengelompokkan kata, pembentukkan kata maupun pemasangan kata yang tepat dalam bahasa
Inggris, dan menggunakannya dalam kalimat sederhana.
Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus
1. Mahasiswa dapat menganalisa kalimat sederhana ke dalam unsur-unsur kalimat.
2. Mahasiswa dapat mengelompokkan kata dalam bahasa Inggris dengan pengelompokan
fungsi yang tepat.
3. Mahasiswa dapat menunjukkan ciri-ciri awalan maupun akhiran pembentuk kata bahasa
Inggris dan mengaplikasikannya dalam kalimat.
4. Mahasiswa dapat menggabungkan kata dalam bahasa Inggris menjadi frasa yang
bermakna.
5. Mahasiswa dapat menunjukkan persamaan kata, lawan kata, maupun pasangan kata.
Untuk membantu Anda mencapai tujuan tersebut, Bahan Belajar ini diorganisasikan menjadi
dua Kegiatan Belajar (KB), yaitu:
KB1 : Reviewing Parts of Sentence through analyzing simple sentences.
KB2 : Reviewing Parts of Speech through analyzing simple sentences.
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Part of speech
Ketika kita memahami jenis-jenis kata (Part of speech) maka kita akan dengan mudah
merangkai kata-kata tersebut menjadi sebuah kalimat sederhana secara grammatical.
Part
of
Pengertian
Speech
Noun
Part of speechini digunakan untuk menamai
(Kata benda) orang, benda, hewan, tempat, dan konsep abstrak.
Pronoun
(Kata ganti)
Verb
(Kata kerja)
Adjective
(Kata sifat)
Adverb
(Kata
keterangan)
Preposition
(Kata depan)
Conjunction
(Kata
sambung)
Part
of
speechini
digunakan
untuk
menghubungkan dua kata, phrase(frasa), clause
(klausa), atau paragraph(paragraf). Kata ini
terbagi
menjadi
coordinate,
correlative,
subordinate, dan adverbialconjunction.
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membelinya.)
Interjection
merupakan
ucapan
pendek Alas,
he
failed.
digunakan untuk mengungkapkan emosi.
Oy! Look at me!
Interjection
Subject
Linking verbs
Subject
Adverbs
Complement
Predicate
Verb
Object
Adverb
Complement (SVOAC)
throws
the ball
Subject
Subject
Predicate
2.
Mary
is
beautiful
Subject
Linking Verb
Complement
Subject
Predicate
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LATIHAN
Untuk memperdalam pemahaman Anda tentang materi yang telah diuraikan di atas,
kerjakanlah soal latihan berikut.
Task 1.1: Analyze the pattern of these sentences. Put S for subject, V for verb, O for object, C
for complement, and A for adverb
RANGKUMAN
Maka pola kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris merupakan variasi dari Subject (S) Verb (V) Object
(O) Complement (Adverb). Perhatikan pola kalimat di bawah ini:
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TES FORMATIF I
From the four words or phrases (A), (B), (C), or (D), choose the one that best completes the
sentence.
1.
2.
The tips of some undersea mountains ____________ islands in the middle of the
ocean.
(A) to form
(B) they form
(C) form
(D) forming
3.
4.
____________to stop yourself from blinking except for a short period of time.
(A) Impossible it
(C) It impossible
(B) Impossible
(D) It is impossible
5. ____________ the Sitka spruce a hundred years to grow eleven inches.
(A) It takes
(C) By taking
(B) To take
(D) That takes
6. ____________ today was developed by the Swiss scientist Horace de Sassure
around 1773.
(A) Mountaineering it as we know
(C) We know mountaineering is
(B) Mountaineering as we know it
(D) We know there is mountaineering
7. ____________ of the surface of the Earth is covered by water.
(A) Three-quarters is nearly
(C) It is nearly threequarters
(B) There is nearly three-quarters
(D) Nearly three-quarters
8.
9.
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194
195
196
Untuk menyatakan peristiwa, kegiatan atau tindakan yang telah dimulai di waktu lampau dan
akan telah selesai di waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang
Pola Kalimat:
(+) S+Shall/Will+Have+Been+Adj/Adv/N
I will have been there
(-) S+Shall/Will+Not+Have+Been+Adj/Adv/N
You will not have been there
(?) Shall/Will+S+Have+Been+Adj/Adv/N
Will you have been there ?
Past Future Tense
Untuk menyatakan peristiwa, kegiatan atau tindakan yang akan terjadi di waktu lampau.
Pola Kalimat :
(+) S+Should/Would+Be+Adj/Adv/N
I should be hungry
(-) S+Should/Would Not + Be+Adj/Adv/N
I should not be hungry
(?) Should/Would +S+Adj/Adv/N
Would you be hungry ?
Past future continuous tense
Untuk menyatakan peristiwa, kegiatan atau tindakan yang akan sedang dilakukan di waktu
lampau.
Pola Kalimat:
(+) S+Should/Would+Be+v1-ing
You should be running
(-) S+Should/Would not + Be+V1-ing
You should not be running
(?) Should/Would +S+Be+V1-ing
Would she be running?
Past Future Perfect Tense
Untuk menyatakan peristiwa, kegiatan atau tindakan yang akan telah dilakukan di waktu
lampau.
Pola Kalimat :
(+) S+Should/Would+Have+Been+Adj/Adv/N
I should been late
(-) S+Should/Would not +Have+Been+Adj/Adv?
I should not have been late
(?) Should/Would+S+Have+Been+Adj/Adv?N
Should I have been late?
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Untuk menyatakan peristiwa, kegiatan atau tindakan yang akan telah sedang terjadi di waktu
lampau.
Pola Kalimat :
(+) S+Should/Would+Have/Been+V1-ing
I should have been sleeping
(-) S+Should/Would not+Have+Been+V1-ing
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COMMANDS-REQUESTS
COMMANDS
(Kalimat perintah)
Pola : Open + Your book
Contoh:
1. Sweep the floor.
2. Polish your hair.
3. Comb your hair.
NEGATIVECOMMANDS
(Kalimat larangan)
Pola: Do not + smoke atau Dont + smoke
Contoh:
1. Dont talk
2. Dont make noise
3. Dont write on the wall
REQUEST
(Kalimat permintaan)
Open thedoor
Please!
Do not talk,
Will you come
here
Please
Please!
Please
do not talk
Please!
come here?
Would you
please,
write your
name?
Would you
Please!
write your name
To
smoke?
Would you
mind
helping
me?
ATAU
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Wont
join
us?
Let us
study
here
Lets
study here
Ada juga pola klaimat yang tidak menggunakan Verb (kata kerja), sehingga pola yang
digunakan sebagai berikut:
Pola
Contoh
Be + Adjective
Be diligent !
Be + Adverb
Be here !
Be + Nouns
Be a teacher!
LANGUAGE FUNCTION
1. Functional expressions
Introducing yourself Skills
For introduction yourself is the first step of starting communication between nurse and patient.
The most important things of introducing yourself are by saying greeting, contract time, and
mention your name.
For example:
1. Hello, my name is Joni
2. How do you do?
3. Nice to meet you
4. I am in charge today
5. How do you spell your name?
Practice the dialogue
(1) Visit the patient
N: Hello, Mr. Joni, Im Ani. Im on duty tonight
P: I see
N: How are you?
P: Im better thanks
N: Alright Mr. Joni, see you later.
Offering services
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In some activities, one of the nurse role is encouraging patient to offer nursing care to the
patient.
For example:
1. What can I do for you?
2. Do you need any help?
3. Do you want me to help you?
4. If you need anything, let me know.
5. Is there anything I can do?
Practice the dialogue
(1) In the patient room
N : Did you press the buzzer Joni?
P : Yes I did N: What is it?
P : Can I have rice for my lunch today?
N : Ill ask the doctor. Anything else?
P : I miss ice cream
N : Wow let me ask the doctor, OK?
P : Thanks.
N : Welcome
1.3 Giving direction
Giving direction is one of competence that nurse and midwife must be posses. Nursing
intervention needs the direction, clearly, accurately, and relevance.
For example:
1. Youd better sit down, madam
2. After that, you need to do the pre admission test.
3. Before the test you must be fasting
4. When you get the results, please come back here.
5. The laboratory is down the hallway
Practice the dialogue
(1) In the laboratory
P : Good morning, Im Rini. This is the note from the registration office
N : Thank you Mister/Mrs.
P : Rini Rini Dahlan
N : Mr Dahlan Right. Now, Mr. Dahlan you take this (note) to the gentleman in that
room
P : I see
N : You will have a urine test. When its done, youll go to the lady in the opposite room.
P : Alright. What did I do there? N: She will do the blood test
P : Thank you
N : Welcome
1.5 Explaining
Explaining is used to explain something about information questions. You need to use some
conjunction wards such as: and, but, or, then, after that, because, for example etc.
For example:
1. Let me tell you this
2. Generally speaking, smoking is harmful
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N : It usually does. Just relax Take this seat and put your head down hereDr, Joni is a real
expert here.
P : Is she?
N : Yes she knows what to do. You will like her
P : I hope so.
1.10 Encouraging/motivating
Encouraging is used by nurse to encourage patient to have a positive thinking about her/his
disease
For example:
1. Im sure you will make it.
2. Have faith and everything will work out well
3. Be brave and youll be okay
4. You need to see the bright side of it.
5. Just does it, youve got nothing to loose.
Practice the dialogue:
(1) A patient gets loss of her leg and doubt to go home.
P : I dont know what to do
N : You may not know what to do now, Sir. But once youre out thereTheres so much to
do.
P : I feel so useless
N : I understand the feelings. Some people think this is the end of the world. But many
handicapped people do useful things, Things they never thought of before.
P : Like what?
N : One of our patients last year You know, he writes now. He says he cant be happier.
P : Really? I should think of hobby now.
N : Why not. Everyone has potentials.
P : Thats true. Thanks. N: Welcome.
Telling the time
Timing (hours, month, date)
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Smallpox Cacar Measles Campak Mumps Gondongan/ gondok Whooping-cough Batuk kodok
(kinkhus)
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Chicken-pox Cacar air Polio (infantile paralysis) Sakit lumpuh (polio) Diphtheria Dipteral
These diseases are all contagious Penyakit-penyakit ini semuanya menular
Some of them can be prevented by vaccination
Ada diantaranya yang dapat dicegah dengan vaksinasi
Have the children been vaccinated yet? Apakah anak-anak sudah dicacar (disuntik)? Yes, they
have just had their smallpox vaccination Ya, mereka baru dicacar They have been vaccinated
against smallpox (Melawan sakit cacar)
Other illness Penyakit-penyakit lain Dysentery Mejan, disentri Tonsillitis Sakit amandel
Appendicitis Sakit usus buntu Pneumonia Radang paru-paru Indigestion Pencernaan makanan
kurang baik Rheumatism Encok, rematik Heart trouble Sakit jantung High blood pressure
Darah tinggi Diabetes Kencing manis, penyakit gula Hepatitis, jaundice Sakit kuning
Tuberculosis TBC Malaria Malaria Cancer Kanker
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Dengue Demam berdarah
c. At the Hospital Di Rumah Sakit
Hes in (the) hospital Ia di rumah sakit He has to go to (the) hospital Ia harus pergi ke rumah
sakit He was taken to (the) hospital Ia dibawa ke rumah sakit He went by ambulance Ia
dibawa ke rumah sakit pakai ambulans
Please phone Emergency and call for an ambulance
Toonglah, telpon nomor Darurat, dan minta dikirim ambulans
He has to be operated on He has to have an operation
Ia harus dioperasi
He has been operated on He has had an operation
Ia telah dioperasi
The operation was successful Operasinya berhasil Was he under anesthesia Apakah ia dibius?
What are the visiting hours? Jam berapa terima tamu (waktu kunjungan)? The visiting hours is
from eleven to twelve Waktu kunjungan dari jam 11 sampai 12
d. Getting Well Menjadi sembuh
How are you today? Bagaimana keadaan anda hari ini? Im much better, thank you Baikan,
terima kasih Is he well now? Sudah sembuh dia? Yes, hes well now Ya, sudah sembuh
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He has recovered from his illness hes worse today
Hari ini keadaannya kurang baik
Hes had a relapse Penyakitnya kambuh I hope you will get well soon I wish you a speedy
recovery Best wishes for a speedy recovery Mudah-mudahan cepat sembuh
To heal menyembuhkan, menjadi sembuh A healer penyembuh, juga dukun The cut is
healing luka berangsur sembuh His hand is healing very well tangannya menjadi sembuh
e. Hurt, Pain, Sore Merasa sakit
Ouch! I cut myself Aduh! Terpotong! Terluka! Does is hurt? Sakitkah Yes, it hurts a lot Ya,
sakit sekali No, it doesnt hurt Tidak, tidak sakit - Whats the matter? Did you hurt yourself?
(Mengapa?) Ada apa? Ada sakit? Cedera, luka? - Yes I think I broke my arm atau my arms
broken Ya, saya kira tangan saya patah Dont hurt me Jangan menyakiti saya
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You hurt me Anda menyakiti saya. You hurt his feelings Anda menyakiti hatinya
He
feels hurt Dia merasa sakit hati
Does it hurt? = Is it painful? Sakitkah?
Yes, it hurts = Yes, its very painful Ya, terasa sakit sekali
He is seriously ill,
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but he doesnt feel any pain Ia sakit keras, tetapi tidak merasa sakit
My arm
hurts = I have pain in my arm Lengan saya sakit
Sore sakit, terutama kalau dipegang
A sore luka terbauka yang terasa sakit
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f. Bagaimana Bahasa Inggrisnya:
1. - Sudah dengar khabar tentang John? - Tidak. Ada apa? - Dia dibawa ke rumah sakit
semalam - Ada apa dengan dia? - Ia harus dioperasi. Sakit usus buntu - Mudah-mudahan
operasinya berhasil - Jam berapa terima tamu? - Dari jam 11 sampai 12
2. - Dokter mengatakan apa? / Apa kata dokter? - Katanya saya harus menambah berat badan
dan saya harus beristirahat - Dia memberikan saya suntikan dan memberi resep untuk pil. Te
tapi tidak ada yagn berat - Mudah-mudahan cepat sembuh
g. Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini:
1. Whats the matter? Did you hurt yourself? 2. How are you today? 3. When you went to the
dentist, what did he do? 4. When you went to the doctor, what did he say? 5. What did he do?
6. Is it anything serious? No, its only.. 7. Have you taken the patients temperature?
Yes, he/ she
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