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2013 The Japan Institute of Metals and Materials
In an effort to improve the tensile strength of aluminumsilicon (AlSi) alloys used in heat exchangers, we investigated the inuence of Si
concentration and heat-treatment at 453 K on the susceptibility of AlSi alloys to intergranular corrosion. It was found that the susceptibility to
intergranular corrosion increased with an increase in Si concentration. It also initially increased with heat-treatment at 453 K, but then decreased
with long-term heat-treatment at 453 K. The addition of Mg and Mn, which affect the precipitation of Si, promoted precipitation and reduced the
susceptibility of the AlSi alloys to intergranular corrosion. With longer heat-treatment at 453 K, large Si precipitates were observed in the grains
and at the grain boundaries, which reduced the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. Short-term heat-treatment at 453 K formed a continuous
Si-depleted layer along the grain boundaries, which increased the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. It is suggested that the susceptibility to
intergranular corrosion was dependent on the addition of Mg and Mn. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2013048]
(Received February 5, 2013; Accepted April 11, 2013; Published May 24, 2013)
Keywords: aluminum alloy, intergranular corrosion, brazing process, heat treatment
1.
Introduction
Experimental Procedure
Composition (mass%)
Si
Fe
Cu
Mn
Mg
Al
0.4Si
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
Bal.
0.8Si
1.2Si
0.8
1.2
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Bal.
Bal.
1.4Si
1.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
Bal.
0.2Mg0.9Si
0.9
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.2
Bal.
0.2Mg1.3Si
1.3
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.2
Bal.
1.1Mn0.4Si
0.4
0.4
0.0
1.1
0.0
Bal.
1.1Mn0.8Si
0.8
0.4
0.0
1.1
0.0
Bal.
1.1Mn1.2Si
1.2
0.4
0.0
1.1
0.0
Bal.
1.1Mn1.4Si
1.1Mn0.2Mg0.6Si
1.4
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.0
1.1
1.1
0.0
0.2
Bal.
Bal.
1.1Mn0.2Mg0.8Si
0.8
0.4
0.0
1.1
0.2
Bal.
1.1Mn0.2Mg1.2Si
1.2
0.4
0.0
1.1
0.2
Bal.
1.1Mn0.2Mg1.4Si
1.4
0.4
0.0
1.1
0.2
Bal.
Results
1201
1202
Al 0.8Si
Al 1.2Si
HTT=
2.59 106 s
HTT=
8.64 104 s
HTT=
0s
Al 0.4Si
100 m
Fig. 1 Optical micrographs of the cross section for Al0.4Si, 0.8Si and 1.2Si alloys at HTT = 0, 8.64 104 and 2.59 104 after anodic
dissolution tests.
700
PC
IGC
Al-0.4Si
Corrosion Depth, D / m
600
Al-0.8Si
500
Al-1.2Si
400
Al-1.4Si
300
200
100
0
0
103
104
105
106
107
HTT, t HT / s
Fig. 2 Variations of corrosion depth with HTT for Al0.4Si, 0.8Si, 1.2Si
and 1.4Si alloys after anodic dissolution tests. Pitting corrosion and
intergranular corrosion is denoted as PC and IGC, respectively.
1.3Si alloy. At HTT = 2.59 106 s, the corrosion morphology is pitting corrosion for each Si concentration.
Figure 5 shows variations of corrosion depth with HTT
for Al0.2Mg0.9Si and 0.2Mg1.3Si alloys after anodic
dissolution tests. The open and solid symbols show pitting
corrosion and intergranular corrosion, respectively. Both the
corrosion depth and corrosion morphology depend on HTT.
HTT=2.59 106 s
HTT=0 s
1
m
1m
Bright-eld TEM images of precipitates on grain boundaries for Al1.2Si alloy at HTT = 0 and 2.59 106 s.
Al 0.2Mg
1.3Si
HTT=
0s
Al 0.2Mg
0.9Si
500
PC IGC
450
Corrosion Depth, D / m
Fig. 3
1203
Al-0.2Mg-0.9Si
400
Al-0.2Mg-1.3Si
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
103
104
105
106
107
HTT, t HT / s
HTT=
2.59 106 s
HTT=
8.64 104 s
100
100m
1204
HTT= 2.88 10 4 s
HTT=8.64 10 4 s
0.2
m
Fig. 6
0.2m
Bright-eld TEM images of precipitates on grain boundaries for Al0.2Mg1.3Si alloy at HTT = 2.88 104 and 8.64 104 s.
Al 1.1Mn
0.8Si
Al 1.1Mn
1.4Si
HTT=
2.59 10 6 s
HTT=
8.64 10 4 s
HTT=
0s
Al 1.1Mn
0.4Si
100
100m
Fig. 7 Optical micrographs of the cross section for Al1.1Mn0.4Si, 1.1Mn0.8Si and 1.1Mn1.4Si alloys at HTT = 0, 8.64 104 and
2.59 106 s after anodic dissolution tests.
500
PC
Corrosion Depth, D / m
450
IGC
Al-1.1Mn-0.4Si
400
Al-1.1Mn-0.8Si
350
Al-1.1Mn-1.2Si
300
Al-1.1Mn-1.4Si
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
103
104
105
106
107
HTT, t HT / s
HTT=7.2 106 s
HTT=0 s
1
m
Fig. 9
1205
1m
Bright-eld TEM images of precipitates on grain boundaries for Al1.1Mn1.2Si alloy at HTT = 0 and 7.2 106 s.
1206
HTT=
2.59 106 s
HTT=
8.64 104 s
HTT=
0s
Al 1.1Mn
Al 1.1Mn
Al 1.1Mn
0.2Mg 0.6Si 0.2Mg 0.8Si 0.2Mg 1.4Si
100
100m
Fig. 10 Optical micrographs of the cross section for Al1.1Mn0.2Mg0.6Si, 1.1Mn0.2Mg0.8Si and 1.1Mn0.2Mg1.4Si alloys at
HTT = 0, 8.64 104 and 2.59 106 s after anodic dissolution tests.
Corrosion Depth, D / m
500
PC
IGC
450
Al-1.1Mn-0.2Mg-0.6Si
400
Al-1.1Mn-0.2Mg-0.8Si
350
Al-1.1Mn-0.2Mg-1.2Si
300
Al-1.1Mn-0.2Mg-1.4Si
250
200
150
100
50
4.
Discussion
0
0
103
104
105
106
107
HTT, t HT / s
Si Intensity, I Si / a.u.
HTT=0 s
Grain boundary
HTT=2.59x106
100 200
300 400
500
600 700
Distance, d / nm
Fig. 12 EDS line analysis for Si-depleted zones on grain boundaries for
Al1.4Si alloy at HTT = 0 and 2.59 106 s.
107
107
(A)
106
105
Al-Si
Al-0.2Mg-Si
Al-1.1Mn-Si
HTT(IGC/PIT), t HT(IGC/PIT) / s
1207
(B)
Al-Si
Al-0.2Mg-Si
Al-1.1Mn-Si
106
Al-1.1Mn-0.2Mg-Si
105
Al-1.1Mn-0.2Mg-Si
104
104
0.7 0.8 0.9
Si content, C Si / mass%
Si content, C Si / mass%
Fig. 13 Inuences of Si content on HTT leading to the maximum corrosion depth (A) and the transition from intergranular corrosion to
pitting corrosion (B).
1208
5.
Conclusion
We investigated that susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of AlSi, Al0.2 mass% MgSi, Al1.1 mass% MnSi
and Al1.1 mass% Mn0.2 mass% MgSi alloys heat-treated
at 453 K after the heat-treatment simulating the brazing
process. In terms of increasing and decreasing the susceptibility of these alloys to intergranular corrosion the following
conclusions can be drawn:
(1) The addition of Si increased susceptibility to intergranular corrosion for each alloy series. Susceptibility to
intergranular corrosion was observed for the as-brazed
specimens containing more than 1.2 mass% Si.
(2) Susceptibility to intergranular corrosion initially increased with an increase in the heat-treatment time at
453 K and then decreased.
(3) Short-term heat-treatment at 453 K caused precipitation
and growth of Si precipitates on grain boundaries, and
then, a continuous Si-depleted layer was formed along
the grain boundaries. Si also precipitated in grains
with long-term heat-treatment at 453 K and the solute
Si concentration in the grains decreased to that on the
grain boundaries. This is the reason why the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion was time-dependent.