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Theory
Theory
C CIRCUITS
RESONANCE IN A.C
THEORY
SERIES RESONANCE
A Circuit containing reactance is said to be in resonance if
the voltage across the circuit is in phase with the current through
it. At resonance, the circuit thus behaves as a pure resistance
and the net reactance is zero.
Consider the series R-L-C circuit as shown in Fig. 3.76.
The impedance of the circuit is
= R + jXL jXC
= R + jL
= R+j
i)
1
C
1
C
for resonance is
L
1
C
=0
= 0 =
f = f0 =
1
LC
1
2 LC
A.C CIRCUITS
ii)
RESONANCE IN A.C
THEORY
Power factor
But at resonance
Power factor =
R 2 + L C
L
1
C
1
C
=0
=1
1
0 C
1
0 C
I0
VC 0
A.C CIRCUITS
RESONANCE IN A.C
THEORY
Total impedance
Z = R + j (XL - XC)
A.C CIRCUITS
RESONANCE IN A.C
THEORY
0
2
Hence,
I12 R =
1
2
I12 R = I12 R
A.C CIRCUITS
RESONANCE IN A.C
THEORY
Where the subscript 1 denotes the lower half point and the
subscript 2, the higher half point. If follows then that
I1 = I2 =
I0
2
= 0.707 I0
V
Z
V
R 2 +(X L X C )2
R 2 + L C
At half-power points,
I=
But
I0
2
V
I0 =
I=
R
V
2R
R 2 + L C
V
2R
A.C CIRCUITS
RESONANCE IN A.C
1
1 2
C
2R
R 2 + L
R=0
= 2R2
= R2
LC
2L
R2
4L
LC
2 +
R2
=0
4L 2
can be neglected in
1
LC
2L
LC
2L
1
LC
1
2 LC
0 =
=
1
LC
2L
1 = 0
+ 0
2L
6
THEORY
A.C CIRCUITS
and
RESONANCE IN A.C
2 = 0
2L
Bandwidth = 2 = 1
or
THEORY
Bandwidth = f2 f1 =
rad/s
c/s
2L
viii)
Quality factor Q0 of the R-L-C circuit It is the ratio of the
resonant frequency to the bandwidth. It is measure of the
selectivity or sharpness of tuning of the series R-L-C circuit.
Q0
Q0
Q0
0
Bandwidth
0
R/L
1/ LC
R/L
L0
R
X 0L
R
1
u 0 RC
A.C CIRCUITS
RESONANCE IN A.C
THEORY
PARALLEL RESONANCE
Consider a parallel circuit consisting of a coil and a capacitor
as shown in Fig. 3.82. The impedance of two branches are
= R + jXL
= - jXC
=
=
1
Z1
1
R+jX L
R jX L
R 2 + X 2L
1
Z2
1
jX C
R jX L
R 2 + X 2L
R
R 2 + X 2L
+j
+j
XC
1 + 2
=
1
XC
XL
2
R + X 2L
1
XC
A.C CIRCUITS
RESONANCE IN A.C
THEORY
XL
2
R + X 2L
XL . XC
0 L .
1
0 L
=0
XC
1
XC
= R2 + X L2
= R2 + 20 L2
20 L2
20
f0
L
C
R2
1
LC
LC
R2 =
1
LC
R2
L2
R2
L2
R2
L2
L
2 LC
A.C CIRCUITS
RESONANCE IN A.C
THEORY
R
R 2 X 2L
.Hence
R 2 X 2L
At resonance,
R2 X L2
Z
= XL.XC =
L
C
CR
Series Circuit
Parallel Circuit
Impedance at resonance
z = R and is maximum
Z=
Power factor at
Unity
V
(L/CR )
L
CR
and is minimum
and is maximum
Unity
resonance
Resonant frequency 0
V
2 LC
10
0 =
LC
R2
L2
A.C CIRCUITS
It magnifies
RESONANCE IN A.C
Voltage
across
and C
11
THEORY